Open time additive

Abstract

The present disclosure generally relates to open time additive compositions comprising at least two different open time additives having the structure of Compound I, salts thereof, or both. Compound I has the following formula:

Description

[0001] Background

[0002] Coatings are widely used in many industries and are generally understood to encompass a vehicle including pigments. However, this general view overlooks that coatings, especially architectural coatings, also provide a protective barrier or covering to a surface. Architectural coatings can benefit from improved processability (such as open time), where the coating is not yet dry and can be further spread (such as with a brush or roller). Thus, coating compositions can vary widely depending on the application.

[0003] Although open time can be defined in a number of ways, the term is generally used to indicate the time that a paint film allows for smooth integration of a subsequently applied coating and / or the time that a coating remains workably wet prior to curing. As previously mentioned, open time can be an important aspect in characterizing a coating because open time can result in reduced coating defect overlap, reduced labor costs, and / or reduced material costs for repairing defects.

[0004] Some known options for adjusting open time can include increasing the water content, using ethylene glycol or glycerol esters, or using additives that can significantly increase costs. Most of these solutions can only provide a low / negligible extension of open time and may have a detrimental effect on other aspects of coating performance. Depending on the region, known options may also be listed as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are strictly regulated globally.

[0005] Allowing sufficient time to paint, repair, or cover architectural coatings remains a challenge, especially in dry environments. Additionally, coatings with a low pigment volume concentration (PVC) such as high solids content and regions with strict VOC regulations may exacerbate the challenge.

[0006] There is still a need in the art for architectural coatings that include an effective amount of an open time additive to maintain processability under various conditions. Additionally, due to variations in environmental conditions (such as humidity), coatings including an open time additive that can be modified to adjust processability can provide additional benefits to manufacturers and consumers. For example, customizing a coating formulation by adjusting the open time additive can result in cost savings, especially in large construction projects.

[0007] Summary

[0008] Generally, the present disclosure relates to open time additive compositions, such as open time additive compositions for architectural coatings. Architectural coatings can be considered different from other coatings, dyes, or pigment-containing compositions because architectural coatings can provide a coating for covering a surface and / or material. Thus, generally, architectural coatings can be used without changing the surface and / or material to which they are applied. In contrast, dyes or other pigment compositions can be used to incorporate a dye or a portion of a dye (e.g., a pigment / colorant) into a material. At least in part due to these differences, architectural coatings can benefit from additives that can act to increase the open time of the architectural coating. In contrast, increasing the open time of a dye or other pigment composition can result in unwanted bleeding. Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can include an open time additive composition that includes at least two different open time additives having the general formula of Compound I, namely a first open time additive and a second open time additive:

[0009]

[0010] wherein, for both the first and second open time additives, m is an integer not less than zero (0), n is an integer not less than zero (0), and R1 and R2 are independently a branched or straight-chain carbon chain having not less than one (1) and not more than forty (40) carbon atoms,

[0011] wherein, for both the first and second open time additives, each carbon atom in R1 and R2 is independently substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms, one or more hydroxyl groups, one or more other carbon atoms in the branched or straight-chain carbon chain, an aryl group, or a combination thereof,

[0012] wherein, for both the first and second open time additives, each of R3 and R4 is independently a hydrogen atom or an ester group such as an oleate group,

[0013] wherein, for the first open time additive, the sum of m and n is not greater than 5, and

[0014] wherein, for the second open time additive, the sum of m and n is not less than 15.

[0015] In a first exemplary aspect, for the second open time additive, m can be an integer not less than five and not greater than one hundred.

[0016] In a second exemplary aspect, for the first open time additive, n can be zero.

[0017] In a third exemplary aspect, for the first open time additive, n can be not greater than five, and m is not greater than five.

[0018] In a fourth exemplary aspect, for one or both of the first and second open time additives, R3, R4, or both can be an ester group.

[0019] In a fifth exemplary aspect, for one or both of the first and second open time additives, both R1 and R2 can be methyl.

[0020] In a sixth exemplary aspect, the ester group can be an oleate group having the following formula:

[0021]

[0022] In a seventh exemplary aspect, the weight ratio of the first open time additive to the second open time additive can be 1:9 - 9:1.

[0023] In an eighth exemplary aspect, the weight ratio of the first open time additive to the second open time additive can be 1:3 - 3:1.

[0024] In a ninth exemplary aspect, the weight ratio of the first open time additive to the second open time additive can be 1:2 - 2:1.

[0025] In a tenth exemplary aspect, an open time additive concentrate can be incorporated into a construction coating composition comprising a solvent and a latex binder.

[0026] In an eleventh exemplary aspect, the latex binder can include acrylate.

[0027] In a twelfth exemplary aspect, the solvent can be water.

[0028] In a thirteenth exemplary aspect, the concentration of the open time additive in the construction coating composition can be not less than about 0.1% and not greater than about 5%, based on the total weight of the construction coating composition.

[0029] In a fourteenth exemplary aspect, the construction coating can have a solids content of not less than about 10% and not greater than about 70%, based on the total weight of the construction coating composition.

[0030] In a fifteenth exemplary aspect, the open time additive and the latex binder can have a weight ratio of 1:999 - about 100:900, based on the ratio of the total weight of the open time additive to the total weight of the latex binder.

[0031] In a sixteenth exemplary aspect, the architectural coating may exhibit an increase in open time of at least ten percent compared to the open time of a reference architectural coating. The reference architectural coating may not contain the open time additive, the relative composition of the other components included in the architectural coating may be substantially the same, and the open time may be determined in accordance with OTA Test ASTM D7488-11, "Standard Test Method for Open Time of Latex Coatings".

[0032] In a seventeenth exemplary aspect, the architectural coating may have a volatile organic compound (VOC) content of less than 0.001%, based on the total weight of the architectural coating, and the VOC content may be determined in accordance with EPA Method 24.

[0033] In certain embodiments, each of the exemplary aspects described above may be combined with one or more of the other exemplary aspects described above. For example, in some embodiments, all eighteen of the exemplary aspects described above may be combined with each other. As another example, in some other embodiments, two, three, four, five, or more of the eighteen exemplary aspects described above may be combined arbitrarily. Thus, in some exemplary embodiments, the exemplary aspects described above may be used in combination with each other. Alternatively, in some other exemplary embodiments, the exemplary aspects described above may be implemented separately. Accordingly, it should be understood that the exemplary aspects described above may be utilized to achieve various exemplary embodiments.

[0034] Other features and aspects of the disclosure are discussed in more detail below.

[0035] Detailed Description

[0036] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure is merely a description of exemplary embodiments and is not intended to limit the broader aspects of the present disclosure.

[0037] The present disclosure generally relates to an open time additive having the structure of Compound I, a salt thereof, or both. Compound I has the following formula:

[0038]

[0039] The open time additive composition can include at least two different open time additives having the general formula of Compound I, namely a first open time additive and a second open time additive. For both the first and second open time additives, m is an integer not less than zero (0), n is an integer not less than zero (0), and R1 and R2 are independently a branched or straight-chain carbon chain having not less than one (1) and not more than forty (40) carbon atoms; each carbon atom in R1 and R2 is independently substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms, one or more hydroxyl groups, one or more other carbon atoms in the branched or straight-chain carbon chain, aryl, or a combination thereof; and each of R3 and R4 is independently a hydrogen atom or an ester group such as an oleate group. For the first open time additive, the sum of m and n is not greater than five (5). For the second open time additive, the sum of m and n is not less than fifteen (15).

[0040] The ester group can be an oleate group having the following formula:

[0041]

[0042] In some exemplary embodiments, the ester group can be a saturated or unsaturated C6-C22 ester group, such as stearate (C18, saturated), oleate (C18, unsaturated), linoleate (C18, unsaturated), palmitate (C16, saturated), laurate (C12, saturated), caprate (C10, saturated), or caprylate (C8, saturated).

[0043] Aspects of some embodiments of the present disclosure can include the weight ratio of the first open time additive to the second open time additive. For example, the weight ratio of the first open time additive to the second open time additive can be from 1:9 to 9:1, such as from 1:3 to 3:1, such as from 1:2 to 2:1. When the open time additive composition is added to an architectural coating, such a weight ratio can advantageously increase the open time, for example, the open time increases by twenty percent (20%) relative to an untreated control without negatively affecting scrub resistance, and has appropriate stain resistance relative to a single open time additive.

[0044] The described open time additive composition can be incorporated into architectural coatings. In one exemplary embodiment, the architectural coating includes a solvent, a latex binder (e.g., a polymer comprising one or more acrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and / or styrene butadiene monomers), and the open time additive. Optionally, the architectural coating can further include a dispersant and / or a surfactant to improve the distribution of the latex binder throughout the architectural coating. In this manner, the dispersant and / or surfactant can be used to produce a more uniform mixture, which can provide a more uniform coating of the architectural coating. Optionally, the architectural coating can include a thickener to adjust the viscosity of the architectural coating to improve the adhesion of the wet coating to an applicator (e.g., a brush or a roller). Optionally, the architectural coating can include one or more pigments (e.g., TiO2) for providing color to the architectural coating. Optionally, the architectural coating can include a co-solvent (e.g., ethylene glycol) that can improve the solubility of the components of the architectural coating.

[0045] An exemplary aspect of the disclosed embodiments can include a low volatile organic compound (VOC) content. High VOCs are considered an environmental hazard and a personal hazard to painters working in enclosed and / or unventilated spaces. In these spaces, VOCs can accumulate in the air, which can cause breathing problems and possible health issues for painters. Many known paint additives for altering the open time of coatings are known to have high VOCs, which presents a challenge. Poor open time performance may require increased working time to correct mistakes, such as streaking inherent in the coating composition. Thus, improving the open time while reducing the VOC content can provide significant advantages in terms of the cost and efficiency of a painting project and the health of painters.

[0046] Another aspect of the exemplary embodiments can include the type of latex binder. The latex binder can include various polymers suitable for architectural coatings, such as acrylates (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate), which can be formed as homopolymers or copolymers. For example, the copolymer can include another monomer introduced (e.g., butadiene styrene). In some embodiments, the acrylate can be modified to include one or more nitrile groups. Thus, the latex binder can include various acrylates, acrylate butadiene styrene copolymers, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymers. Additionally, these latex binders are provided for illustrative purposes, and additional latex binders can be used alone or in combination for the disclosed embodiments.

[0047] As an example for illustration, an embodiment of the present disclosure may include an architectural coating, which includes a latex binder having acrylates. The acrylates may include a polymer or copolymer containing one or more acrylate monomers. Exemplary aspects of the acrylate polymer or copolymer may include a certain mass fraction of acrylate monomers. For example, the acrylates may include a copolymer that includes acrylate monomers (such as methyl methacrylate) and a second monomer (such as butadiene styrene). The mass fraction of the acrylate monomers in the total weight of the copolymer may define the mass fraction. In some acrylates, the mass fraction of the acrylate monomers in the total weight of the copolymer may be not less than about twenty (20) wt% and not greater than about one hundred (100) wt%, such as not less than about thirty (30) wt% and not greater than about eighty (80) wt%, not less than about forty (40) wt% and not greater than about seventy (70) wt%, or not less than about forty-five (45) wt% and not greater than about sixty (60) wt% (such as one hundred (100) wt%, ninety-five (95) wt%, ninety (90) wt%, eighty-five (85) wt%, eighty (80) wt%, seventy-five (75) wt%, seventy (70) wt%, sixty-five (65) wt%, sixty (60) wt%, fifty-five (55) wt% or fifty (50) wt%). In particular, certain embodiments may include an acrylate polymer in which the mass fraction of the acrylate monomers in the total weight of the acrylate polymer is greater than fifty (50) wt%.

[0048] For certain exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the open time additive may include two or more of the following: 1,3-bis(2-(hydroxypolyethoxy)ethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione, 1,3-bis(2-(hydroxypolyethoxy)ethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione monoester, and 1,3-bis(2-(hydroxypolyethoxy)ethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione diester. Each of these compounds may be derived from the formula of Compound I as follows: n is not less than one (1) and not greater than one hundred (100), m is not less than one (1) and not greater than one hundred (100), R1 and R2 are each a straight-chain carbon chain including one (1) carbon atom substituted by three (3) hydrogen atoms (such as methyl); R1 and R2 are each a straight-chain carbon chain including one (1) carbon atom substituted by three (3) hydrogen atoms (such as methyl), and R4 or R3 is an ester group; and R1 and R2 are each a straight-chain carbon chain including one (1) carbon atom substituted by three (3) hydrogen atoms (such as methyl), and both R4 and R3 are ester groups.

[0049] In embodiments where the open time additive includes an oleate group, it should be understood that the oleate group is bonded such that the carbonyl carbon is connected to the terminal oxygen (at R3 and / or R4) to form an ester. Thus, the oleate group is depicted as showing the fatty acid carbon chain (seventeen (17) carbons, monounsaturated group) bonded to the carbonyl carbon and a second bond indicating the point of attachment of Compound I to the oleate group.

[0050] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present disclosure, it should be understood that for the open time additive based on Compound I, the degree of polymerization n and m can be different (e.g., n and m can have different values, e.g., n is four and m is five) or the same (e.g., n is four and m is four). Additionally, certain embodiments can include a combination of open time additives based on Compound I, such as an architectural coating including both 1,3-bis(2-(hydroxypolyethoxy)ethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione and 1,3-bis(2-(hydroxypolyethoxy)ethyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione monooleate.

[0051] Some exemplary embodiments formulated in accordance with the present disclosure can provide additional benefits for formulating low-VOC architectural coatings. In particular, some exemplary embodiments can include solvents that can be considered low-VOC or VOC-free. For example, water is not an organic compound and is thus preferably incorporated into the architectural coatings of the present disclosure. In addition to water, co-solvents can also be included to improve the solubility of the components of the architectural coating (e.g., open time additives, surfactants, pigments, etc.). Exemplary co-solvents can be VOC-exempt (e.g., acetone, dimethyl carbonate, methyl acetate, p-chlorobenzotrifluoride, tert-butyl acetate, and propylene carbonate), or can be included at a lower concentration (e.g., lower weight percentage) to limit the VOC concentration of the architectural coating.

[0052] For example, certain embodiments of the present disclosure can include an architectural coating having a VOC content of less than zero point zero zero one percent (<0.001%) based on the total weight of the architectural coating. Various methods can be used to determine the VOC content, and preferably exemplary embodiments can include a specific VOC content determined in accordance with EPA Method 24 for surface coatings.

[0053] In some exemplary embodiments, alternative methods for determining the VOC content can also be used to determine the VOC content. For example, ASTM D6886-14 does not specifically define what constitutes a VOC component based on chemical properties, but implies that any component that produces a peak in a gas chromatogram is considered a VOC (exempt or non-exempt). Additionally, IOS11890-2 can be used to determine the VOC content based on predefined boiling point limits. For example, if the term "VOC" is used for compounds with a boiling point below the boiling point limit, labeled compounds with known purity and a boiling point (BP) within the range of the specified maximum ±3 °C are used. Thus, if the EU definition of VOC is adopted (i.e., any compound with a boiling point below 250 °C is classified as a VOC), tetradecane (BP 252.6 °C) or non-polar compounds with a similar boiling point can be used as labeled compounds for non-polar systems, while diethyl adipate (BP 251 °C) can be used for polar systems.

[0054] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can include a VOC content of not less than zero point zero zero zero zero one percent (0.00001%) and not more than zero point zero zero one percent (0.001%), determined using one of the methods disclosed herein (e.g., EPA method 24), such as a VOC content of not less than zero point zero zero zero zero five percent (0.00005%) and not more than zero point zero zero zero eight percent (0.0008%), or not less than zero point zero zero zero one percent (0.0001%) and not more than zero point zero zero zero five percent (0.0005%). In some embodiments, the VOC content can be substantially zero, such as including an amount of VOC that is substantially undetectable based on the analytical tool used to determine the VOC content (e.g., a gas chromatograph).

[0055] For some exemplary embodiments, the open time additive can be included in the architectural coating in an effective amount to produce reduced streaking, even in an environment with low humidity. For example, based on the proportion of the weight of the open time additive to the total weight of the architectural coating, the concentration of the open time additive included can be not less than about zero point one percent (0.1%) and not more than about five percent (5%), such as not less than about zero point five percent (0.5%) and not more than about four and a half percent (4.5%), not less than about one percent (1.0%) and not more than about four percent (4.0%), not less than about one and two tenths percent (1.2%) and not more than about three and a half percent (3.5%), and not less than about two percent (2%) and not more than about three percent (3%).

[0056] Some exemplary aspects of the open time additive can include substructures of Compound I. Some example substructures can include compounds where m is not less than five (5) and not greater than one hundred (100). Another example substructure can include compounds where n is zero (0). Additional example substructures can include compounds where n is not greater than ten (10) and m is not greater than ten (10). Additionally or alternatively, other example substructures can include compounds where R3 and / or R4 are oleate groups.

[0057] Another aspect of some embodiments of the present disclosure can include a solids content of not less than five percent (5%) and not greater than seventy percent (70%), such as not less than eight percent (8%) and not greater than fifty percent (50%) or not less than ten percent (10%) and not greater than thirty percent (30%) [such as twelve percent (12%), fourteen percent (14%), fifteen percent (15%), sixteen percent (16%), or eighteen percent (18%)], based on the total weight of the open time additive and the total weight of the latex binder.

[0058] Some aspects of some embodiments of the present disclosure can include a certain weight ratio of the open time additive to the latex binder. Advantageously, the weight ratio of the open time additive to the latex binder is not greater than 1:999 and not less than 1:9, such as not greater than 1:900 and not less than 1:9, not greater than 1:800 and not less than 1:9, not greater than 1:800 and not less than 1:90, or not greater than 1:800 and not less than 1:200 (such as 1:900, 1:800, 1:700, 1:600, 1:500, 1:400, 1:300, 1:200, or 1:100).

[0059] The weight ratio of the open time additive to the latex binder used herein should be understood on the basis of the open time additive. Thus, not greater than 1:999 should be understood as for each one (1) weight unit of the open time additive, there is not greater than nine hundred and ninety-nine (999) weight units of the latex binder. As another example for illustration, not less than 1:9 should be understood as for each one (1) weight unit of the open time additive, there is not less than nine (9) weight units of the latex binder.

[0060] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the architectural coating may include or may be formulated to include an amount of pigment. For example, certain exemplary architectural coatings may include a pigment that includes titanium dioxide (TiO2) at a concentration of not less than fifteen (15) wt% TiO2 and not more than sixty (60) wt% TiO2, based on the total weight of the architectural coating. TiO2 may be used to impart whiteness and / or opacity to the exemplary embodiments and may also be included to establish viscosity. Generally, the exemplary embodiments may include not less than fifteen (15) wt% and not more than sixty (60) wt% TiO2, such as not less than eighteen (18) wt% and not more than fifty-five (55) wt% TiO2, not less than twenty (20) wt% and not more than fifty (50) wt% TiO2, or not less than twenty-five (25) wt% and not more than forty-five (45) wt% TiO2.

[0061] An exemplary aspect of some embodiments may include an increase in open time due to the addition of an open time additive to the coating composition. To determine the increase in open time, a base coating having a composition that does not include an open time additive may be modified by adding an effective amount of the open time additive to the base coating to produce an architectural coating. For some embodiments, adding an effective amount of the open time additive to the base coating may increase the open time of the architectural coating by not less than ten percent (10%), such as not less than twenty percent (20%), relative to the base coating alone. Various methods may be used to determine open time, and preferably, the embodiments of the present disclosure may determine open time in accordance with the OTA test ASTM D7488-11, "Standard Test Method for Open Time of Latex Coatings."

[0062] Alternatively or additionally, another exemplary aspect of certain embodiments can include an increase in scrub resistance resulting from the addition of an open time additive to a coating composition. To determine the increase in scrub resistance, test methods such as ASTM D 2486 can be used to compare the number of scrubs to failure and / or the exposure of the substrate material after multiple scrubs. For example, a first coating can be applied to a substrate material using a base coating, and a second coating can be applied to the substrate material using a architectural coating that is formulated by adding an effective amount of an open time additive to the base coating. After applying a grinding force (e.g., scrubbing) to the coating, the scrub resistance can be determined at least in part based on the removal of the coating and / or the exposure of the substrate material. In some embodiments, adding an effective amount of an open time additive can increase the scrub resistance (relative to the base coating) by no less than one-quarter percent (0.25%) and no greater than sixty percent (60%), such as no less than ten percent (10%) and no greater than fifty percent (50%), no less than twelve percent (12%) and no greater than forty percent (40%), or no less than fifteen percent (15%) and no greater than thirty percent (30%).

[0063] Embodiments of the present disclosure can also include methods for adjusting the open time of a base coating (e.g., a waterborne latex paint). The method can include forming a waterborne latex paint (e.g., a water-based acrylate polymer) that contains an open time additive having the structure of Compound I or a substructure of Compound I described herein.

[0064] One exemplary aspect of forming a waterborne latex paint having an open time additive can include homogenizing the waterborne latex paint while adding the open time additive. Homogenizing can include various forms of mixing to facilitate the incorporation of the open time additive into the waterborne latex paint. For example, homogenizing can include mixing the waterborne latex paint at a specified revolutions per minute (RPM), sonicating the waterborne latex paint at a specified frequency, and / or vortexing the waterborne latex paint. In this manner, the open time additive can be incorporated throughout the waterborne latex paint to produce an architectural coating according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, an exemplary embodiment can further include a method for producing an architectural coating, such as producing an exemplary architectural coating of the present disclosure using the exemplary methods of the present disclosure.

[0065] Another aspect of the method for producing a building coating may include determining the solids content of a base coating (e.g., an aqueous latex paint), and adding an amount of Compound I to the base coating at least partially based on the solids content. In particular, the solids content may determine a base including an effective amount of an open time additive. For example, the amount of latex binder may be determined based on the solids content, and the effective amount of the open time additive may be determined according to the ratio of the open time additive to the latex binder disclosed in the exemplary embodiments herein.

[0066] Certain methods of the present disclosure for producing a building coating may further include varying Compound I by adjusting the degree of polymerization (e.g., by selecting m and / or n), thereby changing the open time of the aqueous latex paint.

[0067] The foregoing description is exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit in any way the scope, applicability, or configuration of the present disclosure. Various changes may be made to the described embodiments in terms of the functionality and arrangement of the elements described herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0068] As used in this application and the claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" include plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Additionally, the term "comprising" means "including". The methods and compositions of the present disclosure (including their components) may comprise the essential elements and limitations of the embodiments described herein and any additional or optional ingredients, components, or limitations described herein or otherwise available for nutritional compositions, consist of the essential elements and limitations of the embodiments described herein and any additional or optional ingredients, components, or limitations described herein or otherwise available for nutritional compositions, or consist essentially of the essential elements and limitations of the embodiments described herein and any additional or optional ingredients, components, or limitations described herein or otherwise available for nutritional compositions.

[0069] Unless otherwise indicated, all numerical values representing quantities of ingredients, properties such as molecular weight, percentage, etc., used in the specification or claims shall be understood to be modified by the term "about". Accordingly, unless implicitly or explicitly indicated otherwise, the numerical parameters given are approximations that may depend on the desired characteristics sought and / or the detection limits under standard test conditions / methods. When an embodiment is directly and explicitly distinguished from the prior art discussed, the numerical value of the embodiment is not an approximation unless the term "about" is recited.

[0070] As used herein, "optional" or "optionally" means that the subsequently described material, event or circumstance may or may not exist or occur, and this description includes the case where the described material, event or circumstance exists or occurs and the case where the described material, event or circumstance does not exist or occur. As used herein, "wt%" and "w / w%" refer to the percentage by weight of the total weight of the composition or relative to another component in the composition.

[0071] The term "about" is intended to mean approximately, within the range of, roughly, or around. When the term "about" is used in conjunction with a numerical range, it modifies the range by extending the boundaries above and below the listed numerical values. Unless otherwise specified, it should be understood that the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and the appended claims are approximations. At a minimum and without attempting to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, the numerical parameters should be construed in accordance with the number of significant digits reported and the application of ordinary rounding techniques.

[0072] The phrase "effective amount" means the amount of a compound that promotes, improves, stimulates, or encourages a response to a particular condition or discomfort or a particular symptom of a condition or discomfort.

[0073] The present disclosure can be better understood with reference to the following examples. Examples

[0074] Various formulations were prepared according to the present disclosure and tested for wet edge to open time ratio (WE / OT), open time (OT), and dry to the touch (DTT). A standard paint with forty percent (40%) pigment volume concentration (PVC) solids was used for comparative testing. Two percent (2%) amounts of the open time additives (DS 7034, DS 7036, and combinations thereof) of the present disclosure were added to the blank paint. Each of these formulations was characterized using the OTA test ASTM D7488-11 "Standard Test Method for Open Time of Latex Paints", and the results collected are shown in Table 1. DS 7034 is an open time additive of the present disclosure having a long-chain ester, namely an oleate group, and DS 7036 is an open time additive of the present disclosure having a medium-chain ester, namely an ester group shorter than the oleate group of DS 7034.

[0075] Table 1. Open time measurements of paints treated with open time additives at a wet film thickness of three mils (3 mil) at twenty degrees Celsius (20 °C) and thirty-five percent (35%) relative humidity

[0076]

[0077] Table 2. Pot life measurements of coatings treated with pot life additives with a wet film thickness of 10 mils at twenty degrees Celsius (20 °C) and thirty-five percent (35%) relative humidity

[0078]

[0079] During testing, the wet edge line can be visually identified near the edge of the coating surface, and the value is determined at least in part based on subtracting the recoat time from the time when the coating edge can no longer be worked into the coating body. Additionally, the pot life can be visually identified by streaking, and the value is determined based on subtracting the repair time from the time when the "X" is visible after the paint cycle. As shown in Tables 1 and 2, compared to standard coatings, all pot life additives of the exemplary aspects of the present disclosure extend the pot life by at least one evaluation criterion.

[0080] Table 3. Performance of pot life additives for comparative studies

[0081]

[0082] To determine the VOC content, for example as provided in Table 3, the exemplary methods ISO 11890-2, ASTM D6886-14, and EPA Method 24 are performed to compare the results measured for the example pot life additives (OTA) DS 7034 and DS 7036 by each method. The results are collected in Table 4, which also includes thermal properties such as melting point and boiling point. The boiling point is determined based on the onset temperature of the large endothermic event observed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and the significant weight loss that occurs during a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) scan. For EPA Method 24, the VOC standard is based on the weight loss after 1 hour in an oven at 110 °C (corrected for water content).

[0083] Table 4. VOC content determined using different methods for the example pot life additives

[0084]

[0085] *-DS 7036 decomposes at 213 °C, which is considered "no" VOC in this context.

[0086] The open time additives of the examples were also tested to determine the effect of the open time additives on scrub resistance. To determine scrub resistance, the standard method ASTM D 2486 was used to determine the increase in scrub resistance relative to a blank coating (i.e., a coating that does not include an open time additive). Unexpectedly, it has been found that the open time additive increases or does not reduce scrub resistance (e.g., removing architectural coatings from the surface). To understand the effect of the open time additive, commercial coatings were tested. Newly formulated coatings were used to compare blank samples containing only the commercial coating and test samples containing two percent (2%) of various open time additives. The example results are listed in Table 5, which demonstrates an increase in scrub resistance relative to the blank coating.

[0087] Table 5. Scrub resistance data of commercial coatings including 2% of various open time additives

[0088] Scrub resistance % Blank coating 100％ Blank coating + 2% DS 7034 136％ Blank coating + 2% DS 7034 / 7036 (2:1) 98％ Blank coating + 2% DS 7034 / 7036 (1:1) 105％ Blank coating + 2% DS 7034 / 7036 (1:2) 100％ Blank coating + 2% DS 7036 99％

[0089] During the test, a coating of the blank coating or a coating containing two percent (2%) open time additive was applied to a dark substrate. After applying a similar abrasion process to each coating, the loss of the coating was determined based on the appearance of the substrate.

[0090] Exemplary open time additives were also tested to determine the effect of the open time additives on stain resistance. To measure stain resistance, the standard method ASTM D 4828 was used to determine the increase in stain resistance. To understand the effect of the open time additive, commercial coatings containing various open time additives were tested. The example results are listed in Table 6, which confirms the change in stain resistance.

[0091] Table 5. Stain resistance data of commercial coatings including 2% of various open time additives

[0092]

[0093] During the testing process, a coating of a paint including two percent (2%) open time additive was applied to a substrate, and streaks of each stain or soil were applied to the coating. After mechanically scrubbing each coating, the condition of each stain / soil was determined based on the appearance of the substrate. The following ratings were used: "0" corresponded to no change in the original strength of the stain or soil; "3" corresponded to a slight change in the original strength of the stain or soil such that the stain or soil was easily visible; "5" corresponded to a moderate change in the original strength of the stain or soil such that the stain or soil was slightly visible; "7" corresponded to a large change in the original strength of the stain or soil such that the stain or soil was barely visible; "10" corresponded to all stains or soils being removed. The comparisons in parentheses indicated the relative differences in stain resistance at each rating between the coating containing 2% open time additive and a blank coating without open time additive, where "=" corresponded to the same stain resistance, "-" corresponded to poorer stain resistance, "sl-" corresponded to slightly poorer stain resistance, "sl+" corresponded to slightly better stain resistance, and "+" corresponded to better stain resistance. As can be seen in Table 6, DS 7034 had a negative impact on pen, purple crayon, grape juice, and coffee during the stain test, DS7036 had only a slight negative impact on coffee, while DS 7034 / DS7036 (1:2) was able to prevent the soiling effect of DS7034.

[0094] Without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention more specifically set forth in the appended claims, those of ordinary skill in the art may effect these and other modifications and variations to the present disclosure. In addition, it should be understood that aspects of the various embodiments may be interchanged in whole or in part. Moreover, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the foregoing description is merely exemplary and is not intended to limit the invention as further described in the appended claims.

Claims

1. An open time additive composition, comprising: a first open time additive having the structure of Compound I, its salt, or both; and a second open time additive having the structure of Compound I, its salt, or both, wherein Compound I has the following formula: (Compound I), Among them, For both the first and second open time additives, m is an integer not less than zero, n is an integer not less than zero, and R1 and R2 are independently branched or straight-chain carbon chains having not less than one and not more than forty carbon atoms, wherein, for both the first and second open time additives, each carbon atom in R1 and R2 is independently substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms, one or more hydroxyl groups, one or more other carbon atoms in the branched or straight-chain carbon chain, aryl, or a combination thereof, wherein, for both the first and second open time additives, each of R3 and R4 is independently a hydrogen atom or an ester group, wherein, for the first open time additive, the sum of m and n is not greater than 5, and wherein, for the second open time additive, the sum of m and n is not less than 15.

2. The open time additive composition according to claim 1, wherein for the second open time additive, m is an integer not less than 5 and not greater than 100.

3. The open time additive composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein for the first open time additive, n is 0.

4. The open time additive composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein for the first open time additive, n is not greater than 5; and m is not greater than 5.

5. The open time additive composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein for one or both of the first and second open time additives, R3, R4, or both are the ester group.

6. The open time additive composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein for one or both of the first and second open time additives, R1 and R2 are both methyl.

7. The open time additive composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ester group is an oleate group having the following formula: (oleate group).

8. The open time additive composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight ratio of the first open time additive to the second open time additive is 1:9 - 9:

1.

9. The open time additive composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight ratio of the first open time additive to the second open time additive is 1:3 - 3:

1.

10. The open time additive composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight ratio of the first open time additive to the second open time additive is 1:2 - 2:

1.

11. An architectural coating composition, comprising: a solvent; a latex binder; and the open time additive composition according to any one of claims 1 - 10.

12. The architectural coating composition according to claim 11, wherein the latex binder comprises acrylate.

13. The architectural coating composition according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the solvent is water.

14. The architectural coating composition according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the concentration of the open time additive in the architectural coating composition is not less than 0.1% and not more than 5%, based on the total weight of the architectural coating composition.

15. The architectural coating composition according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the architectural coating composition has a solids content of not less than 10% and not more than 70%, based on the total weight of the architectural coating composition.

16. The architectural coating composition according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the open time additive and the latex binder have a weight ratio of 1:999 to 100:900, based on the ratio of the total weight of the open time additive to the total weight of the latex binder.

17. The architectural coating composition according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the architectural coating composition shows an increase in open time of not less than ten percent, compared to the reference open time shown by a reference architectural coating, wherein the reference architectural coating does not include the open time additive and has the relative composition of the other components included in the same architectural coating composition, and wherein the open time is determined according to OTA test ASTM D7488-11 "Standard Test Method for Open Time of Latex Paint".

18. The architectural coating composition according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the architectural coating composition has a volatile organic compound (VOC) content of less than 0.001%, based on the total weight of the architectural coating composition, and wherein the VOC content is determined according to EPA method 24.

Images