A nutritional method for regulating the feeding habits of mandarin fish

Abstract

The present invention discloses a nutritional method for regulating the feeding habits of mandarin fish. The nutritional method includes three early growth stages of mandarin fish: S1, mandarin fish roughing stage: feeding with dace meal, and controlling the water temperature at 28-29°C; S2, mandarin fish acclimation stage: transitionally feeding the following foods in sequence: fresh dace, half-dead dace, half-dead dace coated with fish meal, half-dead dace coated with fish meal and feed, feed No. 1, and feed No. 2; S3, mandarin fish breeding stage: feeding with feed No. 3. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the nutritional method of the present invention can complete the conversion of mandarin fish from edible live bait to edible feed, with smooth conversion and high conversion rate, and the mandarin fish has a high survival rate and fast growth rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a nutritional method for regulating the feeding habits of mandarin fish. Background Art

[0002] Mandarin fish, commonly known as "Osmanthus," belongs to the order Perciformes, subfamily Sinipercinae, and is a traditional and precious freshwater fish in my country. Its plump, tender meat, lack of intramuscular spines, and low cholesterol offer natural nutritional advantages. It is one of China's renowned and premium aquaculture species, experiencing a shortage of supply in the consumer market and a continuous rise in prices. However, mandarin fish feed on live fish and shrimp, refusing to consume dead bait or formulated feed.

[0003] Since commercial farming began, mandarin fish have been fed live bait, with fry preying on other species upon hatching. This reliance on live feed has not only led to widespread mortality from pathogens and infections, but also resulted in extremely high farming costs. Current domestication methods lack sound scientific principles, and artificially training mandarin fish to consume formulated feeds has become a bottleneck in the industry's development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to obtain a higher survival rate and accelerate the completion of diet conversion, the present invention provides a nutritional method for regulating diet of mandarin fish.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides a nutritional method for regulating the feeding habits of mandarin fish, wherein the nutritional method includes three early growth stages of mandarin fish, specifically:

[0006] S1 Mandarin fish coarse stage: feed with dace meal and control the water temperature at 28-29℃;

[0007] S2 Mandarin fish acclimation stage: Feed the following foods in sequence: fresh dace, half-dead dace, half-dead dace coated with fish meal, half-dead dace coated with fish meal and feed, feed No. 1, and feed No. 2;

[0008] S3 mandarin fish breeding stage: feeding No. 3 feed.

[0009] The three growth stages are:

[0010] The S1 mandarin fish coarse stage specifically refers to: the length of the fry is 1-3 cm;

[0011] The S2 mandarin fish acclimation stage specifically refers to: the fry length is 3-8 cm;

[0012] The S3 mandarin fish breeding stage specifically refers to: the length of the fry is more than 8 cm.

[0013] Among them, the transitional feeding of the S2 mandarin fish in the acclimation stage is carried out in sequence, each food is fed for at least one day, and the water temperature of the acclimation pool is controlled at 26-28° C. three hours before feeding.

[0014] Preferably, the S2 mandarin fish acclimation stage can be divided into six stages according to time:

[0015] S201 Acclimation Days 1-3: Feed fresh dace in an amount that ensures each mandarin fish eats 5-7 dace per day, and the length of the dace is two-thirds of the length of the mandarin fish fry;

[0016] S202 acclimation day 4-5: feeding half-dead dace for 1-2 hours;

[0017] S203 acclimation day 6-7: feeding half-dead dace coated with fish meal, the feeding amount is 1-2% of the total weight of the fry;

[0018] S204 acclimation day 8-9: feeding half-dead dace coated with fish meal and half-dead dace coated with feed, the weight ratio of the two is 2:1, and the feeding amount is 1-2% of the total weight of the fry;

[0019] S205 acclimation day 10-14: feed No. 1 feed, the feeding amount is 2-3% of the total weight of the fry;

[0020] S206 Acclimation Day 15-21: Feed No. 2, the feeding amount is 2-3% of the total weight of the fry.

[0021] Wherein, the half-dead dace is prepared by placing fresh dace fry in air for 4-6 minutes to make them in a half-dead state;

[0022] Wherein, the amount of fish meal used for the half-dead dace coated with fish meal is 1.5-2 times the weight of the half-dead dace;

[0023] Wherein, the feeding amount of the No. 3 feed is 3-4% of the total weight of the fry.

[0024] Preferably, in the 8th to 9th day of acclimation in S204, the half-dead dace coated with fish meal and the half-dead dace coated with feed are soaked in a nutrient solution for 20-30 seconds before being fed; the nutrient solution is a mixture of Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria, and the weight ratio of Bacillus to lactic acid bacteria is 6:4;

[0025] During the 10th to 14th day of acclimation in S205: before feeding No. 1 feed, soak it in a nutrient solution for 20-30 seconds, wherein the nutrient solution is a mixture of Eucommia ulmoides extract and lactic acid bacteria, and the mass ratio of Eucommia ulmoides extract to lactic acid bacteria is 3-5:4-8; preferably, the mass ratio of Eucommia ulmoides extract to lactic acid bacteria is 4:6; wherein the lactic acid bacteria is 105-109 cfu / g.

[0026] During the 15th to 21st day of acclimation in S206: before feeding No. 2 feed, soak it in a nutrient solution for 20-30 seconds, wherein the nutrient solution is a mixture of Bacillus and Eucommia ulmoides extract, and the mass ratio of Bacillus and Eucommia ulmoides extract is 1-2:2-3; preferably, the mass ratio of Bacillus and Eucommia ulmoides extract is 4:6; wherein the Bacillus content is 105-109 cfu / g.

[0027] Among them, in the S3 mandarin fish breeding stage: before feeding No. 3 feed, it needs to be soaked in nutrient solution for 20-30s, and the nutrient solution is a mixture of eucalyptus essential oil and eucommia extract, and the mass ratio of eucalyptus essential oil and eucommia extract is 1-2:3-5; preferably, the mass ratio of eucalyptus essential oil and eucommia extract is 1:1.

[0028] The feed for the half-dead dace wrapped in the feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 410-500 parts of fish meal, 70-160 parts of pork meal, 20-70 parts of black soldier flies, 10-50 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 40-80 parts of konjac flour, 20-110 parts of whey powder, 40-80 parts of enzymatic chicken pulp, 60-100 parts of cassava starch, 30-80 parts of tilapia oil, 10-40 parts of soybean oil, and dihydrogen phosphate. 10-30 parts of calcium, 20-80 parts of compound premix; preferably, the feed in the half-dead dace wrapped in feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 470 parts of fish meal, 80 parts of pork meal, 40 parts of black soldier flies, 30 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 50 parts of konjac flour, 40 parts of whey powder, 60 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 80 parts of cassava starch, 50 parts of tilapia oil, 20 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and 60 parts of compound premix.

[0029] The feed No. 1 is made of the following raw materials: 410-500 parts of fish meal, 100-160 parts of pork meal, 20-70 parts of black soldier fly, 10-50 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 20-80 parts of konjac flour, 40-110 parts of whey powder, 40-90 parts of enzymatic chicken pulp, 80-150 parts of cassava starch, 30-80 parts of tilapia oil, 10-40 parts of soybean oil, 10-30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and compound pre- 20-80 parts of mixed materials and 10-40 parts of microcrystalline cellulose; preferably, the No. 1 feed is made from the following raw materials: 400 parts of fish meal, 110 parts of pork meal, 40 parts of black soldier fly, 30 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 30 parts of konjac flour, 40 parts of whey powder, 60 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 130 parts of cassava starch, 40 parts of tilapia oil, 20 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 60 parts of compound premix, and 20 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

[0030] The No. 2 feed is made of the following raw materials: 350-450 parts of fish meal, 100-200 parts of pork meal, 20-70 parts of black soldier fly, 10-50 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 30-80 parts of konjac flour, 20-90 parts of whey powder, 40-80 parts of enzymatic chicken pulp, 60-150 parts of cassava starch, 30-80 parts of tilapia oil, 10-40 parts of soybean oil, 10-30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and a composite premix. Preferably, the No. 2 feed is made from the following raw materials: 380 parts of fish meal, 130 parts of pork meal, 40 parts of black soldier fly, 30 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 40 parts of konjac flour, 30 parts of whey powder, 70 parts of enzymatic chicken pulp, 120 parts of cassava starch, 30 parts of tilapia oil, 30 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 60 parts of compound premix, and 20 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

[0031] The No. 3 feed is made of the following raw materials: 300-370 parts of fish meal, 100-200 parts of pork meal, 20-70 parts of black soldier fly, 10-50 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 40-80 parts of konjac flour, 10-90 parts of whey powder, 40-90 parts of enzymatic chicken pulp, 60-120 parts of cassava starch, 10-60 parts of tilapia oil, 30-70 parts of soybean oil, 10-30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and a composite premix. Preferably, the No. 3 feed is made from the following raw materials: 350 parts of fish meal, 160 parts of pork meal, 40 parts of black soldier fly, 30 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 50 parts of konjac flour, 20 parts of whey powder, 80 parts of enzymatic chicken pulp, 110 parts of cassava starch, 20 parts of tilapia oil, 40 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 60 parts of compound premix, and 20 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the nutritional method of the present invention can complete the conversion of mandarin fish from edible live bait to edible feed, the conversion is smooth and the conversion rate is high, and the mandarin fish has a high survival rate and a fast growth rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view (40×) of the intestinal tract of mandarin fish after domestication according to Example 3 and Comparative Example 3.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a paraffin section (400×) of the liver of the mandarin fish during the culture period after being acclimated according to Example 3 and Comparative Example 2.

[0035] in, Figure 1 In the figure, the left side is a cross-sectional view of the intestinal tract of mandarin fish of Example 3, and the right side is a cross-sectional view of the intestinal tract of mandarin fish of Comparative Example 3; Figure 2 In the figure, the left side is the paraffin section of the liver of mandarin fish of Example 3, and the right side is the paraffin section of the liver of mandarin fish of Comparative Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, this solution is described below through specific implementation methods.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] The embodiment of the present invention provides a nutritional method for regulating the feeding habits of mandarin fish, which includes three early growth stages of mandarin fish:

[0039] S1 Mandarin fish coarse stage: feed with dace meal and control the water temperature at 28-29℃;

[0040] S2 Mandarin fish acclimation stage: transitionally feed the following foods in sequence: fresh dace, half-dead dace, half-dead dace coated with fish meal, half-dead dace coated with fish meal and feed, feed 1, and feed 2;

[0041] S3 Mandarin fish breeding stage: feeding feed three;

[0042] Among them, the amount of fish meal added in the feed for half-dead dace wrapped in feed, feed one, feed two, and feed three gradually decreased.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] The embodiment of the present invention provides a nutritional method for regulating the feeding habits of mandarin fish, which includes three early growth stages of mandarin fish:

[0045] S1 Mandarin fish coarse stage: feed with dace meal and control the water temperature at 28-29℃;

[0046] S2 Mandarin fish acclimation stage: Feed the following foods in sequence: fresh dace, half-dead dace, half-dead dace coated with fish meal, half-dead dace coated with fish meal and feed, feed No. 1, and feed No. 2;

[0047] S3 mandarin fish breeding stage: feeding No. 3 feed.

[0048] The three growth stages are:

[0049] The S1 mandarin fish coarse stage specifically refers to: the length of the fry is 1-3 cm;

[0050] The S2 mandarin fish acclimation stage specifically refers to: the fry length is 3-8 cm;

[0051] The S3 mandarin fish breeding stage specifically refers to: the length of the fry is more than 8 cm.

[0052] The transitional feeding of the S2 mandarin fish in the acclimation stage is carried out in sequence, each food is fed for at least one day, and the water temperature of the acclimation pool is controlled at 26-28° C. three hours before feeding.

[0053] Preferably, the S2 mandarin fish acclimation stage can be divided into six stages according to time:

[0054] S201 Acclimation Days 1-3: Feed fresh dace in an amount that ensures each mandarin fish eats 5-7 dace per day, and the length of the dace is two-thirds of the length of the mandarin fish fry;

[0055] S202 acclimation day 4-5: feeding half-dead dace for 1.5 h;

[0056] S203 Acclimation Day 6-7: Feed half-dead dace coated with fish meal at a feeding amount of 1.5% of the total weight of the fry;

[0057] S204 acclimation day 8-9: feeding half-dead dace coated with fish meal and half-dead dace coated with feed, the weight ratio of the two is 2:1, and the feeding amount is 1-2% of the total weight of the fry;

[0058] S205 acclimation day 10-14: feed No. 1 feed, the feeding amount is 2.5% of the total weight of the fry;

[0059] S206 Acclimation Day 15-21: Feed No. 2, the feeding amount is 2.5% of the total weight of the fry.

[0060] Wherein, the half-dead dace is made by placing fresh dace fry in air for 5 minutes to make them in a half-dead state;

[0061] Wherein, the amount of fish meal used for the half-dead dace coated with fish meal is: 2 times the weight of the half-dead dace;

[0062] Wherein, the feeding amount of the No. 3 feed is 3% of the total weight of the fry.

[0063] Preferably, in the 8th to 9th day of acclimation in S204, the half-dead dace coated with fish meal and the half-dead dace coated with feed are soaked in a nutrient solution for 25 seconds before being fed; the nutrient solution is a mixture of Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria, and the weight ratio of Bacillus to lactic acid bacteria is 6:4;

[0064] During the 10th to 14th day of acclimation in S205: before feeding No. 1 feed, soak it in a nutrient solution for 25 seconds. The nutrient solution is a mixture of Eucommia ulmoides extract and lactic acid bacteria, and the mass ratio of Eucommia ulmoides extract to lactic acid bacteria is 4:6; wherein the lactic acid bacteria content is 109 cfu / g.

[0065] During the 15th to 21st days of acclimation of the S206, before feeding No. 2 feed, the S206 was soaked in a nutrient solution for 25 seconds. The nutrient solution was a mixture of Bacillus and Eucommia ulmoides extract, with a mass ratio of Bacillus to Eucommia ulmoides extract of 4:6; the Bacillus content was 109 cfu / g.

[0066] Among them, in the S3 mandarin fish breeding stage: before feeding No. 3 feed, it needs to be soaked in nutrient solution for 25 seconds, and the nutrient solution is a mixture of eucalyptus essential oil and eucommia extract, and the mass ratio of eucalyptus essential oil to eucommia extract is 1:1.

[0067] The feed in the half-dead dace wrapped in feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 470 parts of fish meal, 80 parts of pork meal, 40 parts of black soldier flies, 30 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 50 parts of konjac flour, 40 parts of whey powder, 60 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 80 parts of cassava starch, 50 parts of tilapia oil, 20 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and 60 parts of compound premix.

[0068] Among them, the No. 1 feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 parts of fish meal, 110 parts of pork meal, 40 parts of black soldier flies, 30 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 30 parts of konjac flour, 40 parts of whey powder, 60 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 130 parts of cassava starch, 40 parts of tilapia oil, 20 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 60 parts of compound premix, and 20 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

[0069] Among them, the No. 2 feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 380 parts of fish meal, 130 parts of pork meal, 40 parts of black soldier flies, 30 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 40 parts of konjac flour, 30 parts of whey powder, 70 parts of enzymatic chicken pulp, 120 parts of cassava starch, 30 parts of tilapia oil, 30 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 60 parts of compound premix, and 20 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

[0070] The No. 3 feed is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 360 parts of fish meal, 150 parts of pork meal, 40 parts of black soldier flies, 30 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 50 parts of konjac flour, 20 parts of whey powder, 80 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 110 parts of cassava starch, 20 parts of tilapia oil, 40 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 60 parts of compound premix, and 10-40 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] The embodiment of the present invention provides a nutritional method for regulating the feeding habits of mandarin fish, which includes two early growth stages of mandarin fish:

[0073] S1 Mandarin fish coarse stage: feed with dace meal and control the water temperature at 28-29℃;

[0074] S2 Mandarin fish acclimation stage: Feed the following foods in sequence in a transitional manner: fresh grass carp, half-dead grass carp, half-dead grass carp coated with fish meal, half-dead grass carp coated with fish meal and feed, feed No. 1, and feed No. 2.

[0075] The two growth stages are:

[0076] The S1 mandarin fish coarse stage specifically refers to: the length of the fry is 1-3 cm;

[0077] The S2 mandarin fish acclimation stage specifically refers to: the length of the fry is 3-8 cm.

[0078] The transitional feeding of the S2 mandarin fish in the acclimation stage is carried out in sequence, each food is fed for at least one day, and the water temperature of the acclimation pool is controlled at 26-28° C. three hours before feeding.

[0079] Preferably, the S2 mandarin fish acclimation stage can be divided into six stages according to time:

[0080] S201 Acclimation Days 1-3: Feed fresh dace in an amount that ensures each mandarin fish eats 5-7 dace per day, and the length of the dace is two-thirds of the length of the mandarin fish fry;

[0081] S202 acclimation day 4-5: feeding half-dead dace for 1.5 h;

[0082] S203 Acclimation Day 6-7: Feed half-dead dace coated with fish meal at a feeding amount of 1.5% of the total weight of the fry;

[0083] S204 acclimation day 8-9: feeding half-dead dace coated with fish meal and half-dead dace coated with feed, the weight ratio of the two is 2:1, and the feeding amount is 1-2% of the total weight of the fry;

[0084] S205 acclimation day 10-14: feed No. 1 feed, the feeding amount is 2.5% of the total weight of the fry;

[0085] S206 Acclimation Day 15-21: Feed No. 2, the feeding amount is 2.5% of the total weight of the fry.

[0086] Wherein, the half-dead dace is made by placing fresh dace fry in air for 5 minutes to make them in a half-dead state;

[0087] Wherein, the amount of fish meal used in the half-dead dace coated with fish meal is twice the weight of the half-dead dace.

[0088] Preferably, in the 8th to 9th day of acclimation in S204, the half-dead dace coated with fish meal and the half-dead dace coated with feed are soaked in a nutrient solution for 25 seconds before being fed; the nutrient solution is a mixture of Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria, and the weight ratio of Bacillus to lactic acid bacteria is 6:4;

[0089] During the 10th to 14th day of acclimation in S205: before feeding No. 1 feed, soak it in a nutrient solution for 25 seconds. The nutrient solution is a mixture of Eucommia ulmoides extract and lactic acid bacteria, and the mass ratio of Eucommia ulmoides extract to lactic acid bacteria is 4:6; wherein the lactic acid bacteria content is 109 cfu / g.

[0090] During the 15th to 21st days of acclimation of the S206, before feeding No. 2 feed, the S206 was soaked in a nutrient solution for 25 seconds. The nutrient solution was a mixture of Bacillus and Eucommia ulmoides extract, with a mass ratio of Bacillus to Eucommia ulmoides extract of 4:6; the Bacillus content was 109 cfu / g.

[0091] Among them, in the S3 mandarin fish breeding stage: before feeding No. 3 feed, it needs to be soaked in nutrient solution for 25 seconds, and the nutrient solution is a mixture of eucalyptus essential oil and eucommia extract, and the mass ratio of eucalyptus essential oil to eucommia extract is 1:1.

[0092] The feed in the half-dead dace wrapped in feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 470 parts of fish meal, 80 parts of pork meal, 40 parts of black soldier flies, 30 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 50 parts of konjac flour, 40 parts of whey powder, 60 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 80 parts of cassava starch, 50 parts of tilapia oil, 20 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and 60 parts of compound premix.

[0093] Among them, the No. 1 feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 parts of fish meal, 110 parts of pork meal, 40 parts of black soldier flies, 30 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 30 parts of konjac flour, 40 parts of whey powder, 60 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 130 parts of cassava starch, 40 parts of tilapia oil, 20 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 60 parts of compound premix, and 20 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

[0094] Among them, the No. 2 feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 380 parts of fish meal, 130 parts of pork meal, 40 parts of black soldier flies, 30 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 40 parts of konjac flour, 30 parts of whey powder, 70 parts of enzymatic chicken pulp, 120 parts of cassava starch, 30 parts of tilapia oil, 30 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 60 parts of compound premix, and 20 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

[0095] Example 4

[0096] The embodiment of the present invention provides a nutritional method for regulating the feeding habits of mandarin fish, which includes two early growth stages of mandarin fish:

[0097] S1 Mandarin fish coarse stage: feed with dace meal and control the water temperature at 28-29℃;

[0098] S2 Mandarin fish acclimation stage: Feed the following foods in sequence in a transitional manner: fresh grass carp, half-dead grass carp, half-dead grass carp coated with fish meal, half-dead grass carp coated with fish meal and feed, and conventional feed.

[0099] The two growth stages are:

[0100] The S1 mandarin fish coarse stage specifically refers to: the length of the fry is 1-3 cm;

[0101] The S2 mandarin fish acclimation stage specifically refers to: the length of the fry is 3-8 cm.

[0102] The transitional feeding of the S2 mandarin fish in the acclimation stage is carried out in sequence, each food is fed for at least one day, and the water temperature of the acclimation pool is controlled at 26-28° C. three hours before feeding.

[0103] Preferably, the S2 mandarin fish acclimation stage can be divided into six stages according to time:

[0104] S201 Acclimation Days 1-3: Feed fresh dace in an amount that ensures each mandarin fish eats 5-7 dace per day, and the length of the dace is two-thirds of the length of the mandarin fish fry;

[0105] S202 acclimation day 4-5: feeding half-dead dace for 2 hours;

[0106] S203 acclimation day 6-7: feeding half-dead dace coated with fish meal, the feeding amount is 2% of the total weight of the fry;

[0107] S204 acclimation day 8-9: feeding half-dead dace coated with fish meal and half-dead dace coated with conventional feed, the weight ratio of the two is 2:1, and the feeding amount is 1% of the total weight of the fry;

[0108] S205 acclimation day 10-14: feed conventional feed, the feeding amount is 2% of the total weight of the fry;

[0109] S206 Acclimation Day 15-21: Feed the fry with conventional feed at a rate of 3% of the total weight of the fry.

[0110] Wherein, the half-dead dace is made by placing fresh dace fry in air for 5 minutes to make them in a half-dead state;

[0111] Wherein, the amount of fish meal used in the half-dead dace coated with fish meal is 1.5 times the weight of the half-dead dace.

[0112] The above-mentioned conventional feed is an ordinary commercial feed; specifically: you can choose a feed especially for the domestication stage of mandarin fish, which is suitable for the seedling size stage of 3-8 cm. The commercial feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 380 parts of fish meal, 170 parts of chicken meal, 100 parts of rice bran, 60 parts of blood cell powder, 70 parts of squid paste, 100 parts of gluten, 50 parts of fish oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and 50 parts of compound premix.

[0113] Example 5

[0114] An embodiment of the present invention provides a feeding material for mandarin fish farming. The feeding material is half-dead dace wrapped in feed, wherein the feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 parts of fish meal, 70 parts of pork meal, 20 parts of black soldier flies, 50 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 40 parts of konjac flour, 110 parts of whey powder, 40 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 60 parts of cassava starch, 30 parts of tilapia oil, 40 parts of soybean oil, 30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and 80 parts of a composite premix.

[0115] Example 6

[0116] An embodiment of the present invention provides a feeding material for mandarin fish farming, comprising half-dead dace coated with fish meal and half-dead dace coated with feed, with a weight ratio of 2:1; wherein the feed in the half-dead dace coated with feed is the “feed in the half-dead dace coated with feed” in Example 2 or Example 3.

[0117] Example 7 - Feed No. 1

[0118] The embodiment of the present invention provides a feed for mandarin fish farming, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 410 parts of fish meal, 100 parts of pork meal, 70 parts of black soldier flies, 10 parts of ethanolic clostridial protein, 20 parts of konjac flour, 40 parts of whey powder, 90 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 80 parts of cassava starch, 70 parts of tilapia oil, 40 parts of soybean oil, 25 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 38 parts of a composite premix, and 29 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

[0119] Example 8 - Feed No. 2

[0120] An embodiment of the present invention provides a feed for mandarin fish farming, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 350 parts of fish meal, 200 parts of pork meal, 58 parts of black soldier flies, 35 parts of ethanolic clostridial protein, 60 parts of konjac flour, 20 parts of whey powder, 40 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 60 parts of cassava starch, 30 parts of tilapia oil, 40 parts of soybean oil, 10 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 40 parts of a composite premix, and 30 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

[0121] Example 9 - Feed No. 3

[0122] An embodiment of the present invention provides a feed for mandarin fish farming, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 320 parts of fish meal, 150 parts of pork meal, 37 parts of black soldier flies, 20 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 60 parts of konjac flour, 35 parts of whey powder, 47 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 85 parts of cassava starch, 45 parts of tilapia oil, 40 parts of soybean oil, 15 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 35 parts of a composite premix, and 30 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

[0123] Comparative Example 1

[0124] A nutritional method for regulating the feeding habits of mandarin fish comprises the following steps:

[0125] S1: Mandarin fish are in the coarse stage, the size of the fry is between 1 cm and 3 cm, and the water temperature is 28-29℃;

[0126] S2: Mandarin fish acclimation stage, when the fry size is between 4 cm and 8 cm, the fry are fed with fresh mud carp until the third day, then with half-dead mud carp until the fifth day, then with fish meal until the ninth day, and finally with conventional feed until the 21st day;

[0127] Among them, half-dead dace is made by placing fresh dace fry in air for 5 minutes to make them half-dead;

[0128] The above-mentioned conventional feed is an ordinary commercial feed; specifically, a feed specially designed for the domestication stage of mandarin fish can be selected, which is suitable for fry sizes of 3-8 cm. The commercial feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 380 parts of fish meal, 170 parts of chicken meal, 100 parts of rice bran, 60 parts of blood cell powder, 70 parts of squid paste, 100 parts of gluten, 50 parts of fish oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and 50 parts of compound premix.

[0129] Comparative Example 2

[0130] A nutritional method for regulating the feeding habits of mandarin fish comprises the following steps:

[0131] S1: Mandarin fish are in the coarse stage, the size of the fry is between 1 cm and 3 cm, and the water temperature is 28-29℃;

[0132] S2: During the acclimation stage of mandarin fish, the fry are between 4 cm and 8 cm in size. They are fed with fresh dace until the third day, half-dead dace until the fifth day, half-dead dace coated with fish meal until the ninth day, and conventional feed until the 21st day.

[0133] Among them, half-dead dace is made by placing fresh dace fry in air for 5 minutes to make them half-dead;

[0134] Wherein, the amount of fish meal used for the half-dead dace coated with fish meal is: 1.5 times the weight of the half-dead dace;

[0135] The above-mentioned conventional feed is an ordinary commercial feed; specifically, a feed specially designed for the domestication stage of mandarin fish can be selected, which is suitable for fry sizes of 3-8 cm. The commercial feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 380 parts of fish meal, 170 parts of chicken meal, 100 parts of rice bran, 60 parts of blood cell powder, 70 parts of squid paste, 100 parts of gluten, 50 parts of fish oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and 50 parts of compound premix.

[0136] Comparative Example 3

[0137] A nutritional method for regulating the feeding habits of mandarin fish comprises the following steps:

[0138] S1: Mandarin fish are in the coarse stage, the size of the fry is between 1 cm and 3 cm, and the water temperature is 28-29℃;

[0139] S2: During the acclimation stage of mandarin fish, when the fry are between 4 cm and 8 cm in size, the fry are fed with fresh mud carp until the third day, with half-dead mud carp until the fifth day, with half-dead mud carp wrapped in conventional commercial feed until the ninth day, and with conventional commercial feed until the 21st day.

[0140] Wherein, the half-dead dace is made by placing fresh dace fry in air for 5 minutes to make them in a half-dead state;

[0141] The feed in the half-dead dace wrapped in feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 470 parts of fish meal, 80 parts of pork meal, 40 parts of black soldier flies, 30 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 50 parts of konjac flour, 40 parts of whey powder, 60 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 80 parts of cassava starch, 50 parts of tilapia oil, 20 parts of soybean oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and 60 parts of compound premix.

[0142] The above-mentioned conventional feed is an ordinary commercial feed; specifically: you can choose a feed especially for the domestication stage of mandarin fish, which is suitable for the seedling size stage of 3-8 cm. The commercial feed is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 380 parts of fish meal, 170 parts of chicken meal, 100 parts of rice bran, 60 parts of blood cell powder, 70 parts of squid paste, 100 parts of gluten, 50 parts of fish oil, 20 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and 50 parts of compound premix.

[0143] Comparative test: Comparative test of mandarin fish domestication methods

[0144] 1. The acclimation methods of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were compared in an experiment. The acclimation results obtained by the four acclimation methods are shown in Table 1.

[0145] Table 1 Comparison of acclimation results of each test group

[0146]

[0147] As shown in Table 1, the survival rates of the acclimation methods of Comparative Examples 1-3 were lower than those of Example 3, and in particular, the acclimation success rates were significantly lower than those of the acclimation method of the present invention. (The acclimation success rate (%) is calculated as the number of fish successfully acclimated / the number of fish before acclimation).

[0148] 2. The intestinal structure comparison experiment of mandarin fish obtained by the domestication method of Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 was carried out. The results are as follows: Figure 1 and as shown in Table 2.

[0149] Table 2 Comparison of intestinal structures between Example 3 and Comparative Example 3

[0150]

[0151] Depend on Figure 1 As shown in Table 2, compared with the mandarin fish obtained by the acclimation method of Comparative Example 3, the intestinal structure of the mandarin fish obtained by the acclimation method of Example 3 has a villus length increased by 39.81% and a goblet cell density increased by 36.69%.

[0152] 3. A comparative experiment on liver antioxidant capacity was conducted on the mandarin fish obtained by the domestication methods of Example 3 and Comparative Example 2. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0153] Table 3 Comparison of liver antioxidant capacity between Example 3 and Comparative Example 2

[0154]

[0155] As shown in Table 3, compared with the mandarin fish obtained by the acclimation method of Comparative Example 2, the total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase content of the mandarin fish liver obtained by the acclimation method of Example 3 were increased by 13.09% and 10.99%, respectively, and the malondialdehyde content was reduced by 29.40%. Figure 2 It can be seen that the liver of Example 3 is tightly arranged, while the liver of Comparative Example 2 is vacuolated.

[0156] 4. The mandarin fish obtained by the domestication methods of Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to liver enzyme activity index comparison experiments, and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0157] Table 4 Comparison of liver enzyme activity indicators between Example 3 and Comparative Example 1

[0158]

[0159] As shown in Table 4, the acclimation method of Example 3 increased the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the liver by 33.51% and 53.77% respectively compared with that of Comparative Example 1.

[0160] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nutritional method for regulating the feeding habits of mandarin fish, characterized in that: The nutritional method includes three early growth stages of mandarin fish, specifically: S1 Mandarin fish coarse stage: feed with dace meal and control the water temperature at 28-29℃; S2 Mandarin fish acclimation stage: transitionally feed the following foods in sequence: fresh dace, half-dead dace, half-dead dace coated with fish meal, half-dead dace coated with fish meal and feed, feed 1, and feed 2; S3 Mandarin fish breeding stage: feeding feed three; The transitional feeding of the S2 mandarin fish in the acclimation stage is carried out in sequence, each food is fed for at least one day, and the water temperature of the acclimation pool is controlled at 26-28° C. three hours before feeding; The S2 mandarin fish acclimation stage is divided into six stages according to time: S201 Acclimation Days 1-3: Feed fresh dace, feeding amount to ensure that each mandarin fish eats 5-7 dace per day, and the length of dace is two-thirds of the length of mandarin fish fry; S202 acclimation day 4-5: feeding half-dead dace for 1-2 hours; S203 acclimation day 6-7: feeding half-dead dace coated with fish meal, the feeding amount is 1-2% of the total weight of fry; S204 acclimation day 8-9: feed half-dead dace coated with fish meal and half-dead dace coated with feed, with the weight ratio of the two being 2:1, and the feeding amount being 1-2% of the total weight of the fry; S205 acclimation day 10-14: feed feed 1, the feeding amount is 2-3% of the total weight of the fry; S206 acclimation day 15-21: feed feed 2, the feeding amount is 2-3% of the total weight of the fry; The feed is prepared from the following raw materials: 410-500 parts of fish meal, 100-160 parts of pork meal, 20-70 parts of black soldier fly, 10-50 parts of ethanolic clostridial protein, 20-80 parts of konjac flour, 40-110 parts of whey powder, 40-90 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 80-150 parts of cassava starch, 30-80 parts of tilapia oil, 10-40 parts of soybean oil, 10-30 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 20-80 parts of composite premix, and 10-40 parts of microcrystalline cellulose; The second feed is made from the following raw materials: 350-450 parts of fish meal, 100-200 parts of pork meal, 20-70 parts of black soldier fly, 10-50 parts of ethanolic clostridial protein, 30-80 parts of konjac flour, 20-90 parts of whey powder, 40-80 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 60-150 parts of cassava starch, 30-80 parts of tilapia oil, 10-40 parts of soybean oil, 10-30 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 20-80 parts of composite premix, and 10-40 parts of microcrystalline cellulose; The feed three is made from the following raw materials: 300-370 parts of fish meal, 100-200 parts of pork meal, 20-70 parts of black soldier fly, 10-50 parts of ethanol clostridial protein, 40-80 parts of konjac flour, 10-90 parts of whey powder, 40-90 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 60-120 parts of cassava starch, 10-60 parts of tilapia oil, 30-70 parts of soybean oil, 10-30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 20-80 parts of composite premix, and 10-40 parts of microcrystalline cellulose.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The amount of fish meal added to the feed, feed one, feed two and feed three of the half-dead dace wrapped in feed is gradually reduced.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The S1 mandarin fish coarse stage specifically refers to: the length of the fry is 1-3 cm; The S2 mandarin fish acclimation stage specifically refers to: the fry length is 3-8 cm; The S3 mandarin fish breeding stage specifically refers to: the length of the fry is more than 8 cm.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The half-dead dace is prepared by placing fresh dace fry in air for 4-6 minutes to make them in a half-dead state.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The amount of fish meal used in the half-dead dace coated with fish meal is 1.5-2 times the weight of the half-dead dace.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The feeding amount of the feed three is 3-4% of the total weight of the fry.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that On the 8th to 9th day of acclimation in S204, the half-dead dace coated with fish meal and the half-dead dace coated with feed are soaked in a nutrient solution for 20-30 seconds before being fed; the nutrient solution is a mixture of Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria, with a weight ratio of Bacillus to lactic acid bacteria of 6:4; During the 10th to 14th day of acclimation in S205: before feeding the feed, soak the fish in a nutrient solution for 20-30 seconds. The nutrient solution is a mixture of Eucommia ulmoides extract and lactic acid bacteria, wherein the mass ratio of Eucommia ulmoides extract to lactic acid bacteria is 3-5:4-8; wherein the lactic acid bacteria content is 105-109 cfu / g; During the 15th to 21st days of acclimation in S206: before feeding the second feed, soak the fish in a nutrient solution for 20-30 seconds. The nutrient solution is a mixture of Bacillus and Eucommia ulmoides extract, with the mass ratio of Bacillus to Eucommia ulmoides extract being 1-2:2-3; wherein the Bacillus content is 105-109 cfu / g.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that In the S3 mandarin fish breeding stage: before feeding the third feed, the fish needs to be soaked in a nutrient solution for 20-30 seconds. The nutrient solution is a mixture of eucalyptus essential oil and eucommia ulmoides extract, and the mass ratio of eucalyptus essential oil to eucommia ulmoides extract is 1-2:3-5.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The feed for the half-dead dace coated with feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 410-500 parts of fish meal, 70-160 parts of pork meal, 20-70 parts of black soldier flies, 10-50 parts of ethanolic clostridial protein, 40-80 parts of konjac flour, 20-110 parts of whey powder, 40-80 parts of enzymatically hydrolyzed chicken pulp, 60-100 parts of cassava starch, 30-80 parts of tilapia oil, 10-40 parts of soybean oil, 10-30 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and 20-80 parts of a composite premix.

Images