Preparation method of a green and environmentally friendly capsule for preventing debris flow from spreading

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a capsule for green environmental protection against debris flow diffusion, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing starch acrylate polymer, a dispersant and a stabilizer, and filling them into an outer membrane. The invention has high-strength water absorption. Each capsule can absorb more than 300 times its own weight of water. During the whole water absorption process, the water absorption speed is fast and the water absorption process is efficient. The product of the invention can play a role in rapid response in areas where debris flow breaks out suddenly, effectively reduce the movement speed of debris flow, and reduce casualties and property losses.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention application relates to the technical field of debris flow prevention and control, and particularly to a preparation method of a green and environment-friendly capsule for preventing the spread of debris flow. Background Art

[0002] Debris flow refers to a special flood in mountainous areas or other areas with deep valleys and steep terrain, which is caused by heavy rain or other natural disasters and is accompanied by landslides carrying a large amount of sediment and stones. Debris flow has the characteristics of suddenness, fast flow velocity, large flow rate, large material capacity and strong destructive power. The occurrence of debris flow often washes away transportation facilities such as highways and railways and even villages and towns, causing huge losses.

[0003] At present, the prediction and prevention of debris flow mainly include the following aspects:

[0004] 1. The prevention and control system for preventing and weakening debris flow activities - through biological measures and engineering measures, protecting and governing the basin environment, and eliminating or weakening the conditions for the occurrence of debris flow;

[0005] 2. The prevention and control system for controlling the movement of debris flow - adopting engineering measures such as retaining dams, check dams, drainage ditches, sedimentation basins, etc., adjusting and guiding the flow path and sedimentation site of debris flow, and reducing the damage and loss caused by disasters;

[0006] 3. The protection engineering system for preventing the hazards of debris flow - building engineering works such as aqueducts, culverts, tunnels, open galleries, slope protection, retaining walls, spur dikes, groynes, etc. to protect important hazard objects;

[0007] 4. The prediction, forecasting and disaster relief system - for residents, enterprises and important engineering facilities seriously threatened by debris flow, timely relocation and evacuation, and effective emergency rescue during disasters to reduce the damage and loss caused by disasters.

[0008] However, correspondingly, the existing technologies have the following problems:

[0009] 1. In case of emergencies such as sudden debris flow, it is impossible to quickly and effectively prevent and weaken the activities and spread of debris flow, and there is a lack of an emergency plan to minimize the hazards of debris flow;

[0010] 2. In the debris flow prevention and control system, engineering measures such as retaining dams and check dams are fixed facilities, and the occurrence of debris flow is accidental. It is impossible to accurately set the positions of the defense projects. If a large number of engineering measures are used to prevent debris flow, the cost is too high and the economy is poor;

[0011] 3. In the protection engineering system for preventing debris flow, although engineering works such as slope protection and retaining walls can provide protection measures for important dangerous objects, such projects need to be maintained regularly, which requires a large amount of labor and financial support, and they do not have the ability to handle emergencies;

[0012] 4. In the prediction, forecasting and disaster relief systems, debris flows occur rapidly and suddenly. Therefore, when a disaster occurs, the prediction system may be affected by too many other factors and unable to reduce the speed and scale of debris flows, resulting in the threatened residents being unable to evacuate the dangerous area in time. Summary of the Invention

[0013] To solve or partially solve the problems existing in the related technologies, the present invention provides a method for preparing a capsule for green and environmentally friendly prevention and control of debris flow diffusion.

[0014] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a capsule for green and environmentally friendly prevention and control of debris flow diffusion, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0015] (1) Prepare the outer membrane material

[0016] Mix polyvinyl alcohol and a plasticizer in a ratio of 7:3, add 20% of water by weight of the total material and stir evenly, heat it to 80 - 90 °C and continue stirring until it is completely dissolved into a uniform liquid state.

[0017] (2) Prepare the internal substance

[0018] Mix starch acrylate polymer, a dispersant and a stabilizer in a ratio of 3:1:1, add 30% of water by weight of the total material and stir evenly, and stir it until it becomes a uniform viscous substance.

[0019] (3) Prepare the capsule

[0020] Pour the prepared outer membrane material into a gelatin-making mold, set a gap in the center of the mold, pour in the prepared internal substance, and at the same time cover the top of the mold, and place the mold in a gelatin-making machine for heating and pressing. After a certain period of time, take out the capsule from the gelatin-making mold.

[0021] (4) Post-treatment

[0022] Place the prepared capsule in a ventilated and dry place and wait for it to air dry naturally. A protective film can be coated on the outer layer to increase waterproofness. Finally, repackage it as needed.

[0023] Further, the plasticizer is one or more of polyethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine.

[0024] Further, the dispersant is fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester.

[0025] Further, the stabilizer is phosphite ester.

[0026] Furthermore, all components used in the preparation method are biodegradable substances, and the degraded substances do not cause harm to the environment.

[0027] The second aspect of the present invention provides a capsule for environmentally friendly prevention and control of debris flow diffusion, which is characterized in that it is prepared by the above method.

[0028] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, and cannot limit the present invention application.

[0029] Advantageous technical effects of the present invention:

[0030] 1. The present invention has high water absorption capacity. Each capsule can absorb more than 300 times its own weight of water. During the entire water absorption process, the water absorption speed is fast and the water absorption process is efficient.

[0031] 2. The present invention is small in volume and has the characteristics of being transferable and portable. When an emergency occurs, it can be allocated as needed.

[0032] 3. The present invention is inexpensive and can be mass-produced and stored, with long-term effectiveness.

[0033] 4. The present invention belongs to a green, harmless and biodegradable product, and the degradation products are mainly water and carbon dioxide.

[0034] 5. The product of the present invention can respond quickly in areas where debris flow occurs suddenly, effectively reduce the movement speed of debris flow, and reduce casualties and property losses.

[0035] 6. The product of the present invention does not require regular maintenance and does not require a large amount of cost investment, and can be reused. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the debris flow diffusion range of the present invention application (the flat plate inclination slope is 16) DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0037] The optional embodiments of the present invention application will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Although the optional embodiments of the present invention application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention application more thorough and complete, and to convey the scope of the present invention application to those skilled in the art completely.

[0038] The terms used in this invention application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this invention application. The singular forms "a", "the", and "said" used in this invention application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0039] The preparation method of the capsule for green environmental protection against debris flow diffusion in this invention application is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, as follows:

[0040] A preparation method of a capsule for green environmental protection against debris flow diffusion, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0041] (1) Prepare the outer membrane material

[0042] Mix polyvinyl alcohol and a plasticizer in a ratio of 7:3, add 20% of water by weight of the total material and stir evenly, heat it to 80 - 90 °C and keep stirring until it is completely dissolved into a uniform liquid state.

[0043] (2) Prepare the internal substance

[0044] Mix starch acrylate polymer, a dispersant, and a stabilizer in a ratio of 3:1:1, add 30% of water by weight of the total material and stir evenly, and stir it until it becomes a uniform viscous substance.

[0045] (3) Prepare the capsule

[0046] Pour the prepared outer membrane material into a gelatin-making mold, set a gap in the center of the mold, pour in the prepared internal substance, cover the top of the mold at the same time, and put the mold into a gelatin-making machine for heating and pressing. After a certain period of time, take out the capsule from the gelatin-making mold.

[0047] (4) Post-treatment

[0048] Place the prepared capsule in a ventilated and dry place and wait for it to air dry naturally. A protective film can be coated on the outer layer to increase waterproofness. Finally, repackage it as needed.

[0049] In an embodiment of this invention application, the plasticizer is one or more of polyethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine.

[0050] In an embodiment of this invention application, the dispersant is fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester.

[0051] In an embodiment of this invention application, the stabilizer is phosphite.

[0052] In an embodiment of the present invention application, all components used in the preparation method are biodegradable substances, and the substances after degradation do not cause harm to the environment.

[0053] A green and environmentally friendly capsule for preventing debris flow from spreading is prepared by the above method.

[0054] When a debris flow disaster breaks out, a large number of the designed products are put in the direction of the debris flow running track. The outer membrane of the capsule dissolves in water. When the outer membrane dissolves in water, the substances inside the capsule (mainly superabsorbent resin) will be released. The superabsorbent resin will absorb hundreds of times its own weight of water. In this way, when the debris flow passes through the area where the capsules are placed, these areas will not provide new water sources for the debris flow. At the same time, some of the superabsorbent resin that has not absorbed water will be involved in the debris flow body as debris by the moving debris flow as it spreads. As the debris flow moves and spreads and stirs, this part of the superabsorbent resin will come into full contact with the pore water in the debris flow particles, and suck out the pore water between the particles during the contact process, increasing the friction between the particles and reducing the running speed of the debris flow;

[0055] When the debris flow moves to a certain distance, due to obstacles such as terrain and meter-sized boulders that are not conducive to movement and spread, a debris flow head moving dam (temporary dam) will be formed. The energy storage time of the temporary dam is mostly long. Taking the Dongyuege debris flow as an example, the length of the temporary dam is 50 m and the width is 15 m. Before the temporary dam breaks, a large number of capsules are put into the dam, which can suck out the pore water between the particles in the dam, increase the contact area between the particles, and continuously fill the gaps in the temporary dam with solid small particles, enhancing the strength of the temporary dam and providing sufficient time for the evacuated endangered people to escape emergently. If the debris flow alluvium does not reach the energy capacity to wash away the temporary dam, the reinforced temporary dam will play a role in blocking the debris flow.

[0056] When the debris flow head moving dam (temporary dam) formed by the debris flow is about to break, a large number of capsules are laid in the direction of the break of the temporary dam. Due to the huge energy capacity of the breaking temporary dam, an impact force exceeding each stage during the formation process will be formed. When the strongly impacting debris flow passes through the area where a large number of capsules have been laid in advance, the superabsorbent resin in the capsules will suck out the pore water that provides lubrication for the debris flow, thereby reducing the spreading range and running speed of the debris flow and reducing the impact damage to the endangered people and buildings.

[0057] For the sake of clarity, the following will be described in detail through the following embodiments.

[0058] Example 1:

[0059] (1) Prepare the outer membrane material

[0060] Mix polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol in a ratio of 7:3, add 20% water by weight of the total materials, stir well, heat it to 80 °C and keep stirring until it is completely dissolved into a homogeneous liquid state.

[0061] (2)Prepare the internal substance

[0062] Mix starch acrylate polymer, fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester and phosphite in a ratio of 3:1:1, add 30% water by weight of the total materials, stir well, and stir until it becomes a homogeneous viscous substance.

[0063] (3)Prepare the capsules

[0064] Pour the prepared outer membrane material into the gelatin-making mold, set a void in the center of the mold, pour in the prepared internal substance, cover the top of the mold at the same time, and put the mold into the gelatin-making machine for heating and pressing. After a certain period of time, take out the capsules from the gelatin-making mold.

[0065] (4)Post-treatment

[0066] Place the prepared capsules in a ventilated and dry place and wait for them to air dry naturally. A protective film can be coated on the outer layer to increase water resistance. Finally, repackage as needed.

[0067] Example 2:

[0068] (1)Prepare the outer membrane material

[0069] Mix polyvinyl alcohol and trimethylolpropane in a ratio of 7:3, add 20% water by weight of the total materials, stir well, heat it to 90 °C and keep stirring until it is completely dissolved into a homogeneous liquid state.

[0070] (2)Prepare the internal substance

[0071] Mix starch acrylate polymer, fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester and phosphite in a ratio of 3:1:1, add 30% water by weight of the total materials, stir well, and stir until it becomes a homogeneous viscous substance.

[0072] (3)Prepare the capsules

[0073] Pour the prepared outer membrane material into the gelatin-making mold, set a void in the center of the mold, pour in the prepared internal substance, cover the top of the mold at the same time, and put the mold into the gelatin-making machine for heating and pressing. After a certain period of time, take out the capsules from the gelatin-making mold.

[0074] (4)Post-treatment

[0075] Place the prepared capsules in a ventilated and dry place and wait for them to air dry naturally. A protective film can be coated on the outer layer to increase waterproofness. Finally, repackage as needed.

[0076] The embodiments of the present invention application have been described above. The above description is exemplary and not exhaustive, and is also not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The selection of the terms used herein is intended to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or improvements to the technology in the market, or to enable other ordinary skilled persons in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a capsule for environmentally friendly prevention and control of debris flow diffusion, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) Prepare the outer membrane material Mix polyvinyl alcohol and a plasticizer in a ratio of 7:3, add 20% of water by the total weight of the materials and stir evenly. Heat it to 80-90 °C and keep stirring until it is completely dissolved into a homogeneous liquid state; (2) Prepare the internal substance Mix the starch acrylate polymer, the dispersant fatty acid polyethylene glycol ester and the stabilizer phosphite in a ratio of 3:1:1, and add 30% of water by the total weight of the materials and stir evenly. Stir it until it becomes a uniform viscous substance; (3) Prepare the capsule Pour the prepared outer membrane material into the gelatin-making mold, set a void in the center of the mold, pour in the prepared internal substance, and at the same time cover the top of the mold. Put the mold into the gelatin-making machine for heating and pressing. After a certain period of time, take out the capsule from the gelatin-making mold; (4) Post-treatment Place the prepared capsules in a ventilated and dry place and wait for them to air dry naturally. Coat a protective film on the outer layer to increase waterproofness and package them as needed.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein, The plasticizer is one or more of polyethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein All components used in the preparation method are biodegradable substances, and the degraded substances do not cause harm to the environment.

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