An integrated prevention and control structure for easily disintegrating soft rock embankments and its construction method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a comprehensive prevention and control structure for easily disintegrating soft rock embankments and its construction method. The comprehensive prevention and control structure includes an anti-seepage system, a moisture content monitoring system, and a moisture control system. The anti-seepage system includes a filter and water conduction layer buried in layers inside the soft rock embankment soil mass and a hydrophobic layer laid on the slope surface; the moisture content monitoring system collects in real time the data on the change of the moisture content of each layer of soil inside the embankment; the moisture control system controls the water in the water storage tank to flow into the embankment through the moisture control channel and the suction and drainage pipe according to the change of the moisture content of each layer of soil or discharges the excess moisture into the water storage tank. The present invention timely discharges the rainwater in the soil mass inside the embankment and timely replenishes water when it is short of water, greatly reducing the seepage of water on the slope surface and the loss of particles, alleviating the problems of uneven settlement, long-term deformation and cracking of the embankment, and improving the long-term operation stability of the embankment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and relates to a comprehensive prevention and control structure for an easily disintegrated soft rock embankment and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Soft rocks are widely distributed in the central, southern and southwestern regions of my country, and it is inevitable to use soft rocks for embankment filling when building roads. Since soft rocks are prone to collapse and deformation when exposed to water and have prominent cracks, they are very likely to undergo continuous particle crushing, migration and other transport behaviors under rainfall infiltration conditions after being used for embankment filling, causing uneven settlement and long-term deformation of the soil, which in turn leads to instability disasters; under long-term drought conditions, microcracks are very likely to form inside the soil, damaging the overall strength and bearing capacity of the embankment. Therefore, it is of great significance to divert the slope during rainfall, drain the rainwater inside the embankment in time, and replenish water inside the embankment in time during drought to improve the stability of the embankment.

[0003] Existing anti-seepage methods mainly include laying anti-seepage barriers, drainage boards or arranging drainage pipes, but these methods have problems such as complex processes and easy failure, and do not consider the impact of soil water loss. Therefore, a simpler and more effective embankment water replenishment, drainage and anti-seepage structure is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a comprehensive prevention and control structure for easily collapsed soft rock embankments, which can timely discharge rainwater from the soil inside the embankment and replenish water in time when it is short of water, thereby greatly reducing slope seepage and particle loss, alleviating the problems of uneven settlement, long-term deformation and cracking of the embankment, and improving the long-term operation stability of the embankment.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a construction method for a comprehensive prevention and control structure of an easily disintegrated soft rock embankment.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a comprehensive prevention and control structure for easily disintegrated soft rock embankment, comprising:

[0007] An anti-seepage system, the anti-seepage system comprising a filtering water-conducting layer buried in layers in the soil of the soft rock embankment and a hydrophobic layer laid on the slope surface;

[0008] A moisture content monitoring system, wherein the moisture content monitoring system includes moisture content monitoring elements evenly arranged inside the embankment, and collects moisture content change data of each layer of soil inside the embankment in real time;

[0009] Water control system, the water control system includes a water storage pool, the bottom of the water storage pool is respectively connected by pipelines to a water control channel vertically buried inside the soft rock embankment soil mass and a water absorption and drainage pipe laid parallel to the slope surface, and the water absorption and drainage pipe is communicated with a filter and water conduction layer; control the water in the water storage pool to flow into the embankment interior through the water control channel and the water absorption and drainage pipe or discharge the excess water into the water storage pool according to the moisture content change of each layer of soil mass.

[0010] Further, the filter and water conduction layer includes, from top to bottom, a permeable geotextile, a moisture absorption and release fiber layer, a polyurethane foam layer, a polymer resin plate, and a non-woven geotextile; a plurality of horizontal capillary channels are evenly arranged at one end of the polyurethane foam layer close to the moisture absorption and release fiber layer, each capillary channel is communicated with the moisture absorption and release fiber layer through a vertically arranged capillary groove, the width of the capillary groove is smaller than that of the capillary channel, and the axis of the capillary channel is perpendicular to the slope surface for guiding the flow of water.

[0011] Further, one end of the filter and water conduction layer close to the slope inclines downward by 4° - 6°.

[0012] Further, the hydrophobic layer includes a slope surface drainage support structure and a plant hedge, the plant hedge is composed of a water and fertilizer retaining vegetative soil layer and a mixed grass seed, and a metal grid is laid in the vegetative soil layer; the distance range between the water absorption and drainage pipe and the metal grid is 15 - 30 cm.

[0013] Further, the water absorption and drainage pipe includes a horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe and a vertical water absorption and drainage pipe, which are laid inside the slope surface and parallel to the slope surface; the internal structures of the horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe and the vertical water absorption and drainage pipe are the same, including annularly distributed capillary channels, and each capillary channel is communicated with the corresponding capillary groove in the radial direction; outside the capillary groove, there are sequentially arranged an annular moisture absorption and release fiber layer, an ABS layer, and a permeable geotextile, the capillary channels of the vertical water absorption and drainage pipe and the horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe are mutually communicated, the filter and water conduction layer is embedded in the horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe to form an integral body, and the capillary channels of the horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe are communicated with the capillary channels inside the filter and water conduction layer; a channel switch is arranged on each vertical water absorption and drainage pipe below each layer of the filter and water conduction layer.

[0014] Further, a gas pressure detector is installed in the water storage pool, the gas pressure detector is signal-connected to a vacuum pump through a controller, and the vacuum pump is used to supply gas or exhaust gas to the water storage pool, thereby controlling the water flow velocity in the water control channel; the moisture content monitoring element is installed in the central area of the space of each layer of soil mass, the moisture content monitoring element is signal-connected to the corresponding channel switch of the water absorption and drainage pipe through a controller, when the moisture content of a certain layer of soil mass is higher than the threshold value, open the water absorption and drainage pipes located in this layer and below this layer, and close the water absorption and drainage pipes and the water control channel above this layer; when the moisture content of a certain layer of soil mass is too low, open the water control channels in this layer and below this layer, and close the water control channels and the water absorption and drainage pipes above this layer.

[0015] Further, the distance range between the channel switch on the moisture control channel and the corresponding water filtration and guiding layer is 15 - 20 cm.

[0016] Further, the polymer resin plate is composed of the following parts by weight: 2 - 4.3 parts of vinyl acetate, 14 - 19.8 parts of styrene, 0.1 - 0.2 parts of divinylbenzene, 67.55 - 76.78 parts of epoxy resin, 1 - 1.12 parts of fumed silica, 0.02 - 0.03 parts of nitroxide piperidinol, and 6.1 - 7 parts of methylcyclohexanediamine.

[0017] Further, the vegetative soil layer is composed of the following parts by mass: 11 - 14 parts of metakaolin, 45 - 52 parts of clay, 25 - 30 parts of silt, 0.5 - 1 part of modifier, 1 - 3 parts of water - absorbing resin, 7 - 9 parts of fertilizer, and 2.2 - 3.1 parts of mixing water; the thickness of the vegetative soil layer is 10 - 15 cm.

[0018] A construction method for an integrated prevention and control structure of an easily disintegrating soft - rock embankment, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1. Construction layout, excavation of soil, construction of a water storage pool, a vacuum pump, and a moisture control channel at the bottom, and embedding a treatment control system;

[0020] S2. Filling and compaction, and removing topsoil;

[0021] S3. Filling the first layer of soil mass, and embedding corresponding moisture - content monitoring elements and moisture control channels;

[0022] S4. Laying the first - layer water filtration and guiding layer, and connecting the corresponding water filtration and guiding layer and moisture control channel;

[0023] S5. Repeating steps S3 - S4, filling to the elevation and then compressing and leveling;

[0024] S6. Cleaning the slope surface, compacting the soil mass, laying water absorption and drainage pipes and a water - retaining and fertilizer - retaining vegetative soil layer, and arranging a drainage ditch on the slope surface; the moisture - content monitoring elements are signal - connected to the treatment control system, and the treatment control system is signal - connected to the channel switches corresponding to the moisture control channels and the water absorption and drainage pipes;

[0025] S7. Laying a vegetation layer.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The embankment of the present invention is internally provided with a water filtration and guiding layer with a specific structure, which cooperates with the water absorption and drainage pipes, can effectively discharge the excess moisture in the soil mass inside the embankment, and prevent the migration of soil particles along with the water flow, avoid the problem of uneven settlement, and improve the slope stability.

[0028] 2. The anti-seepage system, water content monitoring system and water control system of the present invention are interconnected to form an integrated structure. By monitoring the water content of each layer of soil in the roadbed in real time, when the water content of a certain layer of soil is too high, drainage is carried out in a timely manner to divert rainwater to the storage pool. When the water content of a certain layer is too low, the water pressure in the storage pool is pressed into the water replenishment control channel by using pressure to replenish the water in the soil in a timely manner, realizing the dynamic and stable control of the water content inside the slope, reducing the amplitude of wet-dry cycles, preventing the germination and expansion of internal microcracks, and at the same time realizing hierarchical and precise control.

[0029] 3. The slope plant hedge of the present invention can significantly reduce the runoff depth and scouring amount, play a role in soil and water conservation, and while the plant roots develop in depth, they intersect with each other to form a dense network of intertwined roots, weakening the scouring and erosion of rainwater on the slope surface, playing a role in preventing lateral loss of particles, enhancing the slope strength and beautifying the environment.

[0030] 4. The filter and water conduction layer and the suction and drainage pipe of the present invention can be prefabricated in the factory and transported to the construction site for rapid assembly at the construction site, which can effectively save construction time and improve construction efficiency.

[0031] 5. The processing and control system of the present invention can process a large amount of information such as the water content and air pressure of the embankment in real time, collect and integrate all effective information and send it to the remote end, achieving all-weather intelligent monitoring of the embankment situation so as to take prevention and control measures in a timely manner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the comprehensive prevention and control structure of the easily disintegrated soft rock embankment in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 The sectional view of the filter layer in the A-A direction of

[0035] Figure 3 It is a connection schematic diagram of the filter layer and the suction and drainage pipe.

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the side sectional structure of the automatic valve.

[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the automatic valve.

[0038] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the slope surface structure.

[0039] In the figure, 1. Filter water-permeable layer, 2. Hydrophobic layer, 3. Moisture content monitoring element, 4. Moisture control channel, 5. Vacuum pump, 6. Water storage tank, 7. Air pressure detector, 8. Channel switch, 9. Processing control system, 10. Permeable geotextile, 11. Moisture absorption and desorption fiber layer, 12. Polyurethane foam layer, 13. Polymer resin plate, 14. Non-woven geotextile, 15. Capillary groove, 16. Capillary channel, 17. Metal grid, 18. Vegetative soil layer, 19. Drainage ditch, 20. Water absorption and drainage pipe, 21. Horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe, 22. Vertical water absorption and drainage pipe, 23. Blocking ball, 24. Automatic knob, 25. Screw, 26. Water channel. Specific implementation mode

[0040] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0041] Embodiment 1

[0042] A comprehensive prevention and control structure for an easily disintegrating soft rock embankment, as Figure 1-2 shown, includes an anti-seepage system, a moisture content monitoring system, and a moisture control system.

[0043] The anti-seepage system includes a filter water-permeable layer 1 and a hydrophobic layer 2. The filter water-permeable layer 1 includes a permeable geotextile 10, a moisture absorption and desorption fiber layer 11, a polyurethane foam layer 12, a polymer resin plate 13, and a non-woven geotextile 14 from top to bottom.

[0044] A plurality of horizontal capillary channels 16 are uniformly arranged at one end of the polyurethane foam layer 12 close to the moisture absorption and desorption fiber layer 11. Each capillary channel 16 is communicated with the moisture absorption and desorption fiber layer 11 through a vertically arranged capillary groove 15. The width of the capillary groove 15 is smaller than that of the capillary channel 16, and the capillary channel 16 can conduct moisture.

[0045] The polymer resin plate 13 has a good water isolation effect, good stability, and good compressive performance; the polyurethane foam layer 12 can enhance the waterproof and compressive capabilities of the filter layer, and the capillary channels 16 provided have a good guiding effect; the moisture absorption and desorption fiber layer 11 can absorb the moisture in the subgrade rock and soil mass within a wide range, and does not have an extremely strong water retention ability. It has excellent moisture absorption and desorption capabilities, can quickly absorb the surrounding moisture and release it. At the same time, by utilizing the capillary force of the capillary grooves 15 and capillary channels 16 provided in the polyurethane foam layer 12, its moisture absorption and desorption ability is enhanced; the permeable geotextile 10 can ensure that fine soil particles cannot enter the moisture absorption and desorption fiber layer 11, avoiding affecting its moisture absorption and desorption ability. At the same time, it prevents the deposition of fine soil particles in the capillary channels 16, avoiding the reduction of drainage performance caused by blockage.

[0046] The filter and water guiding layer 1 is buried inside the soft rock embankment soil mass. One layer of the filter and water guiding layer 1 is set every 1 m in the vertical direction, and the end of the filter and water guiding layer 1 close to the slope inclines downward by 4° - 6°; the filter and water guiding layer 1 divides the embankment into layers, making it difficult for the water in the upper part to enter the lower part, effectively controlling the rainfall amount of each layer. And when replenishing water to a certain soil layer, the replenished water will not enter other soil layers and will not affect the moisture content of other soil layers. The filter and water guiding layer 1 can effectively drain the excess moisture in the subgrade internal soil mass, while preventing the particle migration inside the embankment, thereby avoiding the uneven settlement of the soil mass; effectively isolating water, resisting compression and preventing cracking.

[0047] The hydrophobic layer 2 includes a slope drainage support structure and a plant hedge; the plant hedge consists of a water and fertilizer retaining vegetation soil layer 18 and a mixed grass seed. The mixed grass seed is obtained by mixing vetiver and leucaena leucocephala, and the ratio of vetiver to leucaena leucocephala grass seeds is 1:0.25. The vegetation soil layer 18 is laid on the slope surface, and the slope surface is in a stepped shape. A drainage ditch 19 is set on the outside of each layer, so that the upper layer does not interfere with the lower layer, greatly reducing the flow range of rainwater and the amount of rainwater scouring on the slope surface. The vegetation soil layer 18 is composed of the following mass parts: 11 - 14 parts of metakaolin, 45 - 52 parts of clay, 25 - 30 parts of silt, 0.5 - 1 part of modifier, 1 - 3 parts of water-absorbing resin, 7 - 9 parts of fertilizer, and 2.2 - 3.1 parts of mixing water.

[0048] As Figure 6 shown, the slope drainage support structure includes a metal grid 17, a suction and drainage pipe 20, and a button; the metal grid 17 is laid in the vegetation soil layer 18, and the metal grid 17 is fixed by buttons; the suction and drainage pipe 20 includes a horizontal suction and drainage pipe 21 and a vertical suction and drainage pipe 22, which are laid inside the slope surface. A horizontal suction and drainage pipe 21 is set every 1 m, and a vertical suction and drainage pipe 22 is set every 2 m.

[0049] The internal structures of the horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe 21 and the vertical water absorption and drainage pipe 22 are the same, including capillary channels 16 distributed in a ring shape. Each capillary channel 16 communicates with the corresponding capillary groove 15 in the radial direction; outside the capillary groove 15, there are successively arranged a ring-shaped moisture absorption and desorption fiber layer 11, an ABS layer, and a permeable geotextile 10, which is similar to the structural layer of the filter and water conduction layer 1; a fixing ring is arranged every 0.1 m on the outside of the water absorption and drainage pipe 20. The capillary channels 16 of the vertical water absorption and drainage pipe 22 communicate with those of the horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe 21. The filter and water conduction layer 1 is embedded in the horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe 21 to form an integral body. The capillary channels 16 of the horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe 21 communicate with the capillary channels 16 inside the filter and water conduction layer 1. As Figure 3 shown, the horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe 21 is used to receive the moisture from the filter and water conduction layer 1 and flow into the storage pool 6 through the vertical water absorption and drainage pipe 22. The specific structures and connection methods of the horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe 21 and the vertical water absorption and drainage pipe 22 can also provide a certain strength for the slope during water absorption and drainage, making the slope more stable. Interacting with the filter and water conduction layer 1, the overall components are relatively few, reducing the cost.

[0050] On each vertical water absorption and drainage pipe 22 located below each layer of the filter and water conduction layer 1, a water outlet is provided, and a channel switch 8 is installed at the water outlet; the water absorption and drainage pipe 20 can quickly absorb the excess moisture in the soil and conduct it during sufficient rain, preventing the disintegration of the soil and reducing the lateral loss of particles.

[0051] In the embodiment, as Figure 4-5 shown, the channel switch 8 on the vertical water absorption and drainage pipe 22 is an automatic control valve, which is installed inside the vertical water absorption and drainage pipe 22 and is used to block or open the annular area (water channel 26) surrounded by the capillary grooves 15 in the vertical water absorption and drainage pipe 22. When receiving a closing signal, the automatic control valve rotates the blocking ball 23 inside to block the water channel 26 corresponding to the water outlet to achieve channel closure; when receiving an opening signal, the automatic control valve rotates the blocking ball 23 inside to open the water channel 26 to release the water flow. The automatic control valve is fixedly connected to the vertical water absorption and drainage pipe 22 through screws 25. The lower part of the automatic knob 24 is serrated and is tightly clamped with the blocking ball 23. The upper part of the automatic knob 24 is serrated and contacts the worm to form a driving structure. When receiving a signal from the processing control system 9, the electric device drives the worm to rotate, thereby driving the automatic knob 24 to rotate. When it rotates to the appropriate position, the signal is interrupted, and the blocking ball 23 stops rotating.

[0052] In the embodiment, the distance range between the water suction and drainage pipe 20 and the metal mesh 17 is 15 - 30 cm. If the distance between the water suction and drainage pipe 20 and the metal mesh 17 is too close, they are prone to contact collision and frictional wear, reducing their service life, and there are too few soil particles between them, resulting in a reduction in the strength effect brought by the friction of soil particles; the mesh structure of the water suction and drainage pipe 20 and the metal mesh 17 can enhance the strength of the slope surface, and the effect will be better in the close association state. If the distance is too far, the combined effect of the two will be lost.

[0053] The water suction and drainage pipe 20 accelerates the drainage efficiency of the slope surface, and the plant hedge stabilizes the exposed soil mass of the slope. Acting together, they increase the slope surface strength and effectively prevent the lateral loss of embankment particles and the infiltration of rainwater into the embankment slope.

[0054] The moisture content monitoring system includes moisture content monitoring elements 3 evenly arranged inside the embankment, which collect the moisture content of each layer of soil mass inside the embankment in real time. The moisture content monitoring elements 3 are installed in the central area of the space of each layer of soil mass. Since the moisture content of the soil mass at each place is not exactly the same at the same moment, and the moisture content monitoring element 3 located in the central area of the space is easy to measure the intermediate value of the moisture content range of the soil mass at this time, which is beneficial to enhancing the moisture control effect of the entire system.

[0055] The moisture control system includes a processing control system 9, a vacuum pump 5, a water storage tank 6, a moisture control channel 4, a water suction and drainage pipe 20, and a gas pressure detector 7. The gas pressure detector 7 is used to detect the gas pressure in the water storage tank 6. When the water in the embankment is drained into the water storage tank 6, the gas pressure detector 7 detects an increase in gas pressure, and then controls the vacuum pump 5 to exhaust air outward to maintain the gas pressure in the water storage tank 6, avoiding the influence of too high or too low gas pressure on the water flow in the drainage channel, that is, the influence on the drainage and replenishment efficiency; at the same time, avoiding damage to the gas pressure detector 7 or the water storage tank 6 caused by too high gas pressure in the water storage tank 6; when it is necessary to replenish water into the embankment, the processing control system 9 controls the vacuum pump 5 to send air into the water storage tank 6 to increase the pressure. The gas pressure detector 7 transmits the detected gas pressure intensity in the water storage tank 6 to the processing control system 9, and the processing control system 9 controls the air supply speed and the total volume of air of the vacuum pump 5, and then controls the water flow velocity and the water replenishment amount in the moisture control channel 4.

[0056] The processing control system 9 is connected to the moisture content monitoring element 3 and the gas pressure detector 7. The processing control system 9 receives and processes the moisture content change data from the moisture content monitoring element 3. When the moisture content of a certain layer of soil mass is too high, the water suction and drainage pipe 20 located in this layer and below this layer is opened, and the water suction and drainage pipe 20 above this layer and the moisture control channel 4 are closed, so that the excess water is drained into the water storage tank 6, and at the same time, the vacuum pump 5 is turned on to maintain the pressure stability in the water storage tank 6; when the moisture content of a certain layer of soil mass is too low, the vacuum pump 5 is turned on to increase the pressure in the water storage tank 6, and then the moisture control channel 4 located in this layer and below this layer is opened, and the moisture control channel 4 above this layer and the water suction and drainage pipe 20 are closed, so that the water is pressured into the embankment interior.

[0057] A water outlet is provided on the moisture control channel 4 below each filtering water-conducting layer 1 (the top of each soil layer), and a channel switch (valve) is installed at the water outlet; in coordination with the channel switch on the vertical suction and drainage pipe, when a certain soil layer is replenished with water, water is diffused from the middle top to improve the replenishment range and replenishment effect.

[0058] The distance between the channel switch on the moisture control channel 4 and the filter water guide layer 1 is 15-20cm. If the distance is too far, it is not conducive to comprehensive water replenishment of all parts of this layer of soil during water replenishment. If the distance is too close, the short-term high water content in the range will have a deterioration effect on the materials in the filter water guide layer, reducing the long-term usability of the filter water guide layer 1. There is no specific range requirement for the channel switch on the vertical suction and drainage pipe, as long as one is set for each layer.

[0059] The moisture control system controls the moisture content of the soil inside the roadbed to prevent soft rock from particle migration due to excessive moisture and partial cracking due to insufficient moisture. The processing control system 9 receives and processes the air pressure change data of the water storage tank 6 detected by the air pressure detector 7, and controls the vacuum pump 5 to pump or release air when the air pressure is too high or too low, so as to prevent the water storage tank 6 from pressure damage.

[0060] The processing and control system 9 includes a moisture processing module, an air pressure processing module and an information integration module. This system will comprehensively process a large amount of information such as the moisture content and air pressure of the embankment, and perform overall control of switches at various locations. It will also collect and integrate all effective information and send it to the remote end, and can intelligently monitor the embankment situation around the clock so that prevention and control measures can be taken in time. Its working mode is: the moisture processing module receives the moisture content information of each soil layer transmitted from the moisture content monitoring element 3, distinguishes such data, and controls the switch status of each valve according to different situations, thereby opening or closing each channel.

[0061] The air pressure processing module receives the air pressure information in the water storage tank 6 transmitted from the air pressure detector 7, analyzes the data, and controls the switch status of each valve according to different situations, thereby opening or closing each channel; at the same time, the moisture processing module and the air pressure processing module will pass the collected and integrated information to the information integration module, and the information integration module will send the received information to the remote end.

[0062] The moisture processing module and the air pressure processing module are respectively composed of corresponding single chip microcomputers, and the information integration module includes a WIFI module. The single chip microcomputer is connected to the WIFI module through a UART interface, and the WIFI module is connected to the cloud server and uploads data.

[0063] In some embodiments, a set of moisture control channels 4 are arranged every 5 m along the longitudinal direction of the road (driving direction). There are cavities at the intersection of the filtering and water-conducting layer 1 and the moisture control channels 4, with a diameter slightly larger than that of the moisture control channels 4. The filtering and water-conducting layer 1 and the moisture control channels 4 are fixedly bonded through an adhesive.

[0064] During rain, the seepage volume of the upper part of the embankment will be higher than that of the lower part, and during sunlight, the evaporation volume of rainwater in the upper part of the embankment will be higher than that of the lower part. This situation will cause uneven distribution of the moisture content of the soil mass inside the embankment. The combination of the filtering and water-conducting layer 1, the moisture content monitoring system, and the moisture control system in the embodiments of the present invention can achieve hierarchical and precise control to overcome the above problems. At the same time, the metal grid 17 fixed to the vegetation soil layer and the densely reticulated plant roots that crisscross and intertwine can greatly enhance the slope strength. The design of the slope plant hedge can significantly reduce the runoff depth and scouring volume, effectively prevent the lateral loss of particles, and at the same time improve the overall vegetation coverage rate of the slope, with strong anti-scouring and soil erosion resistance and high stability. The embodiments of the present invention can keep the soil mass inside the embankment in a suitable moisture content state for a long time, prevent the reduction of strength and bearing capacity caused by soil cracking and the instability disaster caused by rainfall infiltration, so as to maintain the long-term stability and safe operation of the embankment.

[0065] The polymer resin is composed of the following parts by weight: 2 - 4.3 parts of vinyl acetate, 14 - 19.8 parts of styrene, 0.1 - 0.2 parts of divinylbenzene, 67.55 - 76.78 parts of epoxy resin, 1 - 1.12 parts of fumed silica, 0.02 - 0.03 parts of TEMP, and 6.1 - 7 parts of methylcyclohexanediamine. The sum of the parts by weight of the above components is 100.

[0066] The function of the filtering and water-conducting layer 1 in the present invention is to absorb the moisture in the surrounding soil mass, reduce the moisture content, and prevent the moisture in the upper soil mass from spreading downward, restricting the influence area of rainwater. The polymer resin plate 13 has good water isolation effect, good stability, and good strength.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] The polymer resin is composed of the following mass: 2 g of vinyl acetate, 14 g of styrene, 0.1 g of divinylbenzene, 76.78 g of epoxy resin, 1 g of fumed silica, 0.02 g of TEMP (nitroxide piperidinol), and 6.1 g of methylcyclohexanediamine;

[0069] Preparation method of the polymer resin:

[0070] (1) Mix epoxy resin, TEMP, and methylcyclohexanediamine evenly;

[0071] (2) Add fumed silica and mix evenly

[0072] (3) Add the well-stirred vinyl acetate, styrene and divinylbenzene, and mix evenly.

[0073] (4) After standing for 48 hours, cure the mixed liquid at 60 °C for 24 hours, and then cure it at 120 °C for 2 hours to form a polymer resin plate.

[0074] The compressive strength of the polymer resin plate is 35 kPa. Cover it with water at 40 °C, and there is no water seepage phenomenon after 200 days.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] The polymer resin is composed of the following masses: 3.15 g of vinyl acetate, 16.9 g of styrene, 0.15 g of divinylbenzene, 72.165 g of epoxy resin, 1.06 g of fumed silica, 0.025 g of TEMP, and 6.55 g of methylcyclohexanediamine. Mix them evenly according to the steps to obtain a mixed liquid. After standing the mixed liquid for 48 hours, cure it at 60 °C for 24 hours, and then cure it at 120 °C for 2 hours to form a polymer resin plate. The compressive strength of the formed polymer resin plate is 36 kPa. Cover it with water at 40 °C, and there is no water seepage phenomenon after 200 days. Scratch it slightly with a knife, and it can heal completely within 6 days.

[0077] Example 4

[0078] The polymer resin is composed of the following masses: 3.75 g of vinyl acetate, 16.7 g of styrene, 0.115 g of divinylbenzene, 71.73 g of epoxy resin, 1.1 g of fumed silica, 0.025 g of TEMP, and 6.58 g of methylcyclohexanediamine. Mix them evenly according to the steps to obtain a mixed liquid. After standing the mixed liquid for 48 hours, cure it at 60 °C for 24 hours, and then cure it at 120 °C for 2 hours to form a polymer resin plate. The compressive strength of the formed polymer resin plate is 41 kPa. Cover it with water at 40 °C, and there is no water seepage phenomenon after 200 days. Scratch it slightly with a knife, and it can heal completely within 6 days.

[0079] Example 5

[0080] The polymer resin is composed of the following masses: 3.725 g of vinyl acetate, 18.35 g of styrene, 0.175 g of divinylbenzene, 69.858 g of epoxy resin, 1.09 g of fumed silica, 0.027 g of TEMP, and 6.775 g of methylcyclohexanediamine. Mix them evenly according to the steps to obtain a mixed liquid. After standing the mixed liquid for 48 hours, cure it at 60 °C for 24 hours, and then cure it at 120 °C for 2 hours to form a polymer resin plate. The compressive strength of the formed polymer resin plate is 44 kPa. Cover it with water at 40 °C, and there is no water seepage phenomenon after 200 days. Scratch it slightly with a knife, and it can heal completely within 6 days.

[0081] Example 6

[0082] The polymeric resin is composed of the following mass components: 4.3 g of vinyl acetate, 19.8 g of styrene, 0.2 g of divinylbenzene, 67.55 g of epoxy resin, 1.12 g of fumed silica, 0.03 g of TEMP, and 7 g of methylcyclohexanediamine. They are mixed evenly according to the steps to obtain a mixed liquid. After the mixed liquid is left standing for 48 hours, it is cured at 60 °C for 24 hours, and then cured at 120 °C for 2 hours to form a polymeric resin plate. The compressive strength of the polymeric resin plate is 49 kPa. When water is covered on it at 40 °C, there is no water seepage phenomenon within 200 days. When a slight scratch is made on it with a knife, it can heal completely within 6 days.

[0083] The polymeric resins prepared in Examples 2-6 have good water isolation performance and high compressive strength, which can effectively prevent the downward penetration and migration of water and particles in the upper soil layer, ensuring the overall stability of the rock and soil mass. Among them, divinylbenzene can be used as a cross-linking agent to enhance the strength of the polymeric resin, making the polymeric resin plate have good stability; after vinyl acetate and styrene are copolymerized and combined with epoxy resin, the formed polymeric resin plate has certain self-healing ability, ensuring its long-term use.

[0084] In Example 7, the water and fertilizer retaining vegetative soil is composed of the following mass parts: 11 parts of metakaolin, 46 parts of clay, 25 parts of silt, 0.5 part of modifier, 1 part of water-absorbing resin, 7 parts of fertilizer, and 2.2 parts of mixing water.

[0085] In Example 8, the water and fertilizer retaining vegetative soil is composed of the following mass parts: 13 parts of metakaolin, 49 parts of clay, 27 parts of silt, 0.7 part of modifier, 2 parts of water-absorbing resin, 8 parts of fertilizer, and 2.9 parts of mixing water.

[0086] In Example 9, the water and fertilizer retaining vegetative soil is composed of the following mass parts: 14 parts of metakaolin, 52 parts of clay, 30 parts of silt, 0.1 part of modifier, 3 parts of water-absorbing resin, 9 parts of fertilizer, and 3.1 parts of mixing water.

[0087] After testing, the connected porosity of the water and fertilizer retaining vegetative soil is 26.3%. After intermittent rainwater scouring, the water retention rate is maintained at about 83%, and the nutrient retention time is 9 months.

[0088] The main components of the vegetative soil in this example are silt and clay, which can be obtained from the waste soil of surrounding construction sites. It is easy to obtain, has a low price, and does not need to damage other lands to obtain resources, which is beneficial to environmental protection and resource conservation. Metakaolin has a special layered structure, which is beneficial to improving the adsorption and storage capacity of the vegetative soil for water and nutrients; the water-absorbing resin can also further enhance its water retention ability. This vegetative soil can fully absorb and utilize rainwater and has good water and fertilizer retention abilities.

[0089] Example 10

[0090] A construction method for an integrated prevention and control structure of an easily collapsible soft rock embankment is specifically carried out according to the following steps:

[0091] S1. Construction layout, excavation of soil, construction of a water storage pool, a vacuum pump and a moisture control channel, and embedding of a control system;

[0092] S2. Filling and compaction, and removal of topsoil;

[0093] S3. Filling the first layer of soil body, and embedding a moisture content monitoring element and a moisture control channel;

[0094] S4. Laying the first layer of filter layer, fixedly connecting the filter water guide layer 1 and the moisture control channel 4, and the moisture between the filter water guide layer 1 and the moisture control channel 4 does not flow; the moisture control channel 4 is used to supply water to the soil body, and the water in the filter water guide layer 1 is discharged through the suction and drainage pipe 20. When prefabricating the filter water guide layer 1, a hole is reserved at the position where the moisture control channel 4 needs to be connected, and the moisture control channel 4 is adhesively fixed in the hole during construction;

[0095] S5. Repeat steps S3 - S4, and after filling to the elevation, carry out compaction and leveling;

[0096] S6. Clean the slope surface, compact the soil body, lay the suction and drainage pipe 20 and the water and fertilizer retaining vegetation soil layer 18 with a thickness of 10 - 15 cm, and set drainage ditches and gutters;

[0097] S7. Lay the vegetation layer.

[0098] The change of moisture content is an important factor leading to the cracking of soft rock, and the strength of the rock mass generally decreases with the increase of moisture content. Therefore, regulating the moisture content inside the soft rock embankment can effectively improve the safety and stability of the embankment. At present, the monitoring of highway slopes mostly adopts manual or drone patrols, which are costly, have poor accuracy, and can only detect the disasters that have occurred, and it is difficult to timely feedback the slope state. Traditional slope protection and retaining structure protection have problems such as excessive pursuit of structural strength, damage to the ecological nature, poor landscape visual effects, and the gradual aging of the concrete surface and the mortar - rubble masonry surface over time. Due to the height and environment of the embankment, the moisture content distribution of the internal soil body is uneven, and the conditions of the soil bodies in different places are different, making it difficult to carry out overall maintenance. The embodiment of the present invention has an intelligent real - time humidity regulation function. In the case of a very high vegetation coverage rate, it has strong anti - erosion and soil and water loss resistance capabilities, and has high stability, realizing the hierarchical precise control of the embankment soil body, making the moisture content of each part of the soil body within a certain range, which is beneficial to maintaining the strength and state of the embankment, and overcoming the above - mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0099] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated prevention and control structure for easily disintegrating soft rock embankments, characterized in that, Comprising: An impervious system, which includes a filter and water conduction layer (1) buried in layers inside the soft rock embankment soil mass and a hydrophobic layer (2) laid on the slope surface; A moisture content monitoring system, which includes moisture content monitoring elements (3) evenly arranged inside the embankment, and collects the moisture content change data of each layer of soil inside the embankment in real time; A water control system, which includes a water storage tank (6). The bottom of the water storage tank (6) is connected to a water control channel (4) vertically buried inside the soft rock embankment soil mass and a water absorption and drainage pipe (20) laid parallel to the slope surface through pipelines. The water absorption and drainage pipe (20) is communicated with the filter and water conduction layer (1); controls the water in the water storage tank (6) to flow into the embankment through the water control channel (4) and the water absorption and drainage pipe (20) or discharges the excess water in the embankment into the water storage tank (6) according to the moisture content change of each layer of soil; The filter and water conduction layer (1) includes a permeable geotextile (10), a moisture absorption and desorption fiber layer (11), a polyurethane foam layer (12), a polymer resin plate (13), and a non-woven geotextile (14) from top to bottom; a plurality of horizontal capillary channels (16) are evenly arranged at one end of the polyurethane foam layer (12) close to the moisture absorption and desorption fiber layer (11). Each capillary channel (16) is communicated with the moisture absorption and desorption fiber layer (11) through a vertically arranged capillary groove (15). The width of the capillary groove (15) is smaller than that of the capillary channel (16). The axis of the capillary channel (16) is perpendicular to the slope surface and is used for guiding water; The water absorption and drainage pipe (20) includes a horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe (21) and a vertical water absorption and drainage pipe (22), which are laid inside the slope surface and parallel to the slope; the internal structures of the horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe (21) and the vertical water absorption and drainage pipe (22) are the same, including annularly distributed capillary channels (16). Each capillary channel (16) is communicated with the corresponding capillary groove (15) along the radial direction; an annular moisture absorption and desorption fiber layer (11), an ABS layer, and a permeable geotextile (10) are sequentially arranged outside the capillary groove (15). The capillary channels (16) of the vertical water absorption and drainage pipe (22) and the horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe (21) are communicated with each other. The filter and water conduction layer (1) is embedded in the horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe (21) to form an integral body. The capillary channels (16) of the horizontal water absorption and drainage pipe (21) are communicated with the capillary channels (16) inside the filter and water conduction layer (1); a channel switch is arranged on the vertical water absorption and drainage pipe (22) below each layer of the filter and water conduction layer (1).

2. The comprehensive prevention and control structure for easily disintegrating soft rock embankments according to claim 1, characterized in that One end of the filter and water conduction layer (1) close to the slope inclines downward by 4°-6°.

3. The comprehensive prevention and control structure for easily disintegrating soft rock embankments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrophobic layer (2) includes a slope surface drainage support structure and a plant hedge. The plant hedge is composed of a water and fertilizer retaining vegetation soil layer (18) and mixed grass seeds. A metal grid (17) is laid in the vegetation soil layer (18); the distance range between the water absorption and drainage pipe (20) and the metal grid (17) is 15-30 cm.

4. The comprehensive prevention and control structure for an easily disintegrating soft rock embankment according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pneumatic detector (7) is installed in the water storage tank (6). The pneumatic detector (7) is signal-connected to the vacuum pump (5) through a single-chip microcomputer. The vacuum pump (5) is used to supply air or exhaust air into the water storage tank (6), so as to control the water flow rate in the water control channel (4). The water content monitoring element (3) is installed in the central area of the space of each layer of soil. The water content monitoring element (3) is signal-connected to the channel switch corresponding to the suction and drainage pipe (20) through a single-chip microcomputer. When the water content of a certain layer of soil is higher than the threshold value, the suction and drainage pipes (20) located in this layer and below this layer are opened, and the suction and drainage pipes (20) above this layer and the water control channel (4) are closed. When the water content of a certain layer of soil is too low, the water control channels (4) in this layer and below this layer are opened, and the water control channels (4) above this layer and the suction and drainage pipes (20) are closed.

5. The comprehensive prevention and control structure for an easily disintegrating soft rock embankment according to claim 4, wherein The distance range between the channel switch on the water control channel (4) and the corresponding filter and water-conducting layer (1) is 15-20 cm.

6. The comprehensive prevention and control structure for easily disintegrating soft rock embankments according to claim 1, characterized in that, The polymer resin plate (13) is composed of the following parts by weight: 2-4.3 parts of vinyl acetate, 14-19.8 parts of styrene, 0.1-0.2 parts of divinylbenzene, 67.55-76.78 parts of epoxy resin, 1-1.12 parts of fumed silica, 0.02-0.03 parts of nitroxide piperidinol, and 6.1-7 parts of methylcyclohexanediamine.

7. The comprehensive prevention and control structure for easily disintegrating soft rock embankments according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vegetation soil layer (18) is composed of the following parts by mass: 11-14 parts of metakaolin, 45-52 parts of clay, 25-30 parts of silt, 0.5-1 part of modifier, 1-3 parts of water-absorbing resin, 7-9 parts of fertilizer, and 2.2-3.1 parts of mixing water; the thickness of the vegetation soil layer (18) is 10-15 cm.

8. The construction method of a comprehensive prevention and control structure for easily disintegrating soft rock embankments as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Construction layout, excavation of soil, construction of the water storage tank (6), the vacuum pump (5) and the water control channel (4) at the bottom, and embedding of the treatment control system (9); S2. Backfilling and compaction, and removal of topsoil; S3. Filling the first layer of soil, and embedding the corresponding water content monitoring element (3) and water control channel (4); S4. Laying the first layer of filter and water-conducting layer (1), and connecting the corresponding filter and water-conducting layer (1) and water control channel (4); S5. Repeat steps S3-S4, and after filling to the elevation, compact and level; S6. Clean the slope surface, compact the soil, lay the suction and drainage pipes (20) and the water and fertilizer retaining vegetation soil layer (18), and set a drainage ditch (19) on the slope surface; the water content monitoring element (3) is signal-connected to the treatment control system (9), and the treatment control system (9) is signal-connected to the channel switches corresponding to the water control channel (4) and the suction and drainage pipes (20); S7. Lay the vegetation layer.

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