A Visual Monitoring System for the Stability of Soil-Rock Mixture Slopes

Abstract

This invention discloses a visual monitoring system for the stability of soil-rock composite slopes, belonging to the technical field of slope monitoring in highway engineering. The system features a unique slope protection brick design, facilitating installation. Combined with the drainage function of the anchor bolts and the inclusion of cement grout, it not only drains water but also secures the slope protection bricks, anchoring them to the slope and improving the stability of the slope protection structure. The monitoring system allows for real-time visual monitoring of the slope, enhancing its stability and providing timely warnings of slope instability. Data collection is convenient and rapid. This monitoring system is low-cost, highly efficient, information-rich, and easy to interpret, significantly improving exploration capabilities and showing broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of slope monitoring in highway engineering, and specifically to a visual monitoring system for the stability of soil-rock composite slopes. Background Technology

[0002] To minimize the risk of geological disasters caused by slope instability, in addition to improving the slope support structure, research on slope stability should be conducted from the perspective of monitoring and early warning. Innovation in slope stability monitoring and early warning methods and the development of related technologies are effective ways to prevent slope instability.

[0003] Because slopes are frequently eroded by water flow or rainwater, their soil is prone to landslides, especially steep slopes, which are highly susceptible to breaches. For steep slopes, existing slope protection structures mainly use concrete revetments and lime-soil revetments. These methods are expensive, have long construction periods, require a lot of manpower and resources, and the revetment structures are not recyclable and are not environmentally friendly. In some temporary or short-term projects, revetment bricks are used. However, existing bricks are mostly not connected to each other and are generally laid directly on the slope without a secure structure. This not only makes installation time-consuming but also makes them difficult to disassemble and recycle, resulting in resource waste. Under prolonged external forces, multiple bricks can easily landslide, posing a safety hazard to the stability of the slope.

[0004] Regarding slope stability monitoring methods, the existing technology CN 212904870 U discloses a soil-rock mixture slope stability monitoring and early warning system, which involves directly arranging multiple electrodes on the detection profile and manually controlling the transmission of DC current to the ground to form a stable current field. The system automatically observes and records the deployed profile through an automatic control conversion device. This method relies on manual control, is labor-intensive, inconvenient and slow, and can lead to some errors. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention discloses a visual monitoring system for the stability of soil-rock composite slopes. This system utilizes an array of electrodes for exploration. During measurement, all electrodes (dozens to hundreds) are placed within the monitoring holes of the slope protection bricks. Data is then rapidly and automatically acquired using a programmable electrode switch and a microcomputer-based engineering electrical measuring instrument. The measurement results are sent to a visual processing unit for further processing, and a graphical representation of the resistivity distribution across the cross-section is displayed. This system solves the errors caused by manual current control in existing technologies. Since electrode placement is completed in one step, interference caused by electrode setup is reduced. The data acquisition process is fast and convenient. This monitoring system is low-cost, highly efficient, provides rich information, and is easy to interpret, significantly improving exploration capabilities.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A visual monitoring system for the stability of a soil-rock composite slope, the monitoring system comprising anchor bolts, slope protection bricks, and a slope monitoring device. The slope protection bricks are sequentially fixed to the slope by the anchor bolts. The slope monitoring device comprises electrodes, a multi-core cable, a programmable electrode conversion switch, a microcomputer engineering electrical measuring instrument, a data logger, a visual program processor, and a visual graphic display. Multiple electrodes are inserted one by one into a pre-set first through hole in the center of multiple slope protection bricks, and then connected to the programmable electrode conversion switch via the multi-core cable. The programmable electrode conversion switch sends resistivity information to the microcomputer engineering electrical measuring instrument. After processing by the microcomputer engineering electrical measuring instrument, the information is sent to the data logger, converted to the visual program processor, and after visualization result analysis, the visual graphic display shows the visualization graphics.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the anchor rod is divided into an upper rod and a lower rod, both of which are hollow structures. After cement grout is injected into the hollow structure of the lower rod, the upper rod is inserted into the hollow structure of the lower rod.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, the slope protection brick has a symmetrical rectangular structure with symmetrical trapezoidal grooves on both sides that are recessed towards the central axis. A first through hole is provided in the center, and second through holes are provided at the four corners. After the trapezoidal grooves of multiple slope protection bricks are interlocked and installed, the anchor rod / electrode is inserted into the first through hole, and the second through holes that are on the same straight line are fixedly connected with steel strands, thereby fixing the slope protection brick to the slope.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the inner wall of the upper rod is covered with capillary tubes for draining rainwater from the ground, and the surface of the slope protection brick is inclined towards the first through hole to form a concave surface so that rainwater can flow into the first through hole and be discharged to the ground through the capillary tubes.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, when the first through hole is used as an anchor hole, an anchor rod is inserted; when the first through hole is used as a monitoring hole, an electrode is inserted.

[0011] This invention also discloses the installation steps of the above-mentioned visual monitoring system for soil-rock mixture slope stability, the steps of which are as follows: S1. Clear weeds and level the site; S2. Lay slope protection bricks so that the trapezoidal grooves of the slope protection bricks interlock one after another, and use steel strands to hinge and fix the second through holes on the same straight line, thereby connecting all the slope protection bricks; S3. Select some of the first through holes of the slope protection bricks as anchor holes, inject cement grout into the hollow structure of the lower rod of the anchor, and then drive the anchor into the first through hole one by one. The cement grout of the lower rod will slowly flow out along the gap between the upper and lower rods, bonding the anchor to the surrounding soil; S4. Select some of the first through holes on the same straight line of the slope protection bricks as monitoring holes, and insert electrodes one by one, maintaining a spacing of about 1m; S5. Connect all the electrodes to the slope monitoring device through a multi-core cable, and monitor the soil resistivity through the slope monitoring device.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The slope protection bricks of this invention, through their interlocking groove design combined with anchor fixing and steel strand connection, make the installation of slope protection bricks more compact, convenient, and quick, and easier to monitor. This solves the problem of instability due to the lack of connection between slope protection bricks in the prior art. The interlocking structure of the slope protection bricks of this invention facilitates recycling, solving the problem of resource waste caused by the inability to recycle in the prior art. The anchor rods of this invention have cement grout injected into the lower rod. During the pressing process, the cement grout slowly flows out along the gap between the upper and lower rods, thereby increasing the connection between the sidewall of the anchor rod and the surrounding soil, improving the anchor rod's ability to anchor the slope protection bricks to the slope, and enhancing the slope's stability. The anchor rods of this invention have capillary tubes attached to the sidewall of the upper rod. Combined with the concave design of the slope protection bricks, this allows surface water to flow towards the second through-hole of the slope protection bricks, pass through the capillary tubes, and be discharged to the surface.

[0013] The slope monitoring device in the monitoring system of this invention can directly utilize the electrode array arrangement to monitor the change law of resistivity along the depth direction at the electrode and form an image. By analyzing the electrical sounding curve of the cross-sectional change, the characteristics of the slope profile in the depth direction can be understood, which is convenient and fast. The electrode layout of the monitoring system of this invention is completed in one step, reducing the failures and interference caused by electrode setting. It does not require manual control to send current underground, reducing the error rate caused by manual operation in the prior art, and the data acquisition is fast. The electrodes of this invention can be arranged arbitrarily as needed, and scanning measurements of various arrangements can obtain rich geological information about the geoelectric cross-sectional structural characteristics.

[0014] In summary, the soil-rock composite slope stability visualization monitoring system of this invention features a unique slope protection brick design that is easy to install. Combined with the drainage function of the anchor bolts and the inclusion of cement grout, it not only drains water but also fixes the slope protection bricks, anchoring them to the slope and improving the stability of the slope protection structure. The monitoring system allows for real-time visual monitoring of the slope, enhancing its stability and providing timely warnings of slope instability. Data collection is convenient and fast. This monitoring system is low-cost, highly efficient, information-rich, and easy to interpret, significantly improving exploration capabilities and showing broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the visual monitoring system for soil-rock composite slope stability according to the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram, top view, and front view of the overall structure of the slope protection bricks;

[0017] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of multiple slope protection bricks being spliced ​​together, and a schematic diagram of the structure being connected and fixed with steel strands after splicing;

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the anchor bolt structure;

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the upper rod of the anchor bolt in the diagram;

[0020] Figure 6 A graph showing the resistivity along the depth direction at the tested electrode.

[0021] Figure 7 A graph showing the resistivity along the depth direction at the tested electrode (3-1);

[0022] List of symbols in the attached diagram: 1. Slope protection brick; 1-2. Trapezoidal groove; 1-3. First through hole; 1-1. Second through hole; 1-4. Concave surface; 1-5. Steel strand; 2. Anchor rod; 2-1. Upper rod; 2-2. Capillary tube; 2-3. Gap; 2-4. Lower rod; 2-5. Cement grout; 3. Slope monitoring device; 3-1. Electrode; 3-2. Multi-core cable. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention discloses a visual monitoring system for the stability of a soil-rock composite slope. The monitoring system includes anchor bolts (2), slope protection bricks (1), and a slope monitoring device (3). The slope protection bricks (1) are fixed to the slope in sequence by the anchor bolts (2). The slope monitoring device (3) includes electrodes (3-1), multi-core cables (3-2), electrode (3-1) converters, a microcomputer engineering electrical measuring instrument, a data logger, a visual program processor, and a visual graphic display. After multiple electrodes (3-1) are inserted into the first through holes (1-3) preset in the center of multiple slope protection bricks (1), they are connected to a programmable electrode conversion switch through the multi-core cables (3-2). The programmable electrode conversion switch sends resistivity information to the microcomputer engineering electrical measuring instrument. After processing by the microcomputer engineering electrical measuring instrument, the information is sent to the data logger, converted to the visual program processor, and after visualization result analysis, the visual graphic display shows the visualization graphics.

[0025] like Figure 2 As shown, the slope protection brick (1) has a symmetrical rectangular structure, with symmetrical trapezoidal grooves (1-2) formed by recesses towards the central axis on both sides. A first through hole (1-3) is provided in the center, and second through holes (1-1) are provided at the four corners. After the trapezoidal grooves (1-2) of multiple slope protection bricks (1) are interlocked and installed (as shown in the figure), the slope protection bricks (1) are installed with the trapezoidal grooves (1-2) interlocking with each other. Figure 3 As shown in Figure d), the anchor rod (2) / electrode (3-1) is inserted into the first through hole (1-3), and the second through hole (1-1) which is on the same straight line is fixedly connected with steel strand (1-5) (as shown in Figure d). Figure 3 As shown in Figure e), the slope protection bricks (1) are thus fixed to the slope.

[0026] like Figure 4 As shown, the anchor rod (2) is divided into an upper rod (2-1) and a lower rod (2-4). Both the upper rod (2-1) and the lower rod (2-4) are hollow structures. After cement grout (2-5) is injected into the hollow structure of the lower rod (2-4), the upper rod (2-1) is inserted into the hollow structure of the lower rod (2-4).

[0027] The inner wall of the upper rod (2-1) is covered with capillary tubes (2-2) for draining surface rainwater (e.g. Figure 5 As shown), the surface of the slope protection brick (1) is inclined towards the first through hole (1-3) to form a concave surface (1-4), so that rainwater can flow into the first through hole (1-3) and then be discharged to the ground surface through the capillary (2-2).

[0028] During use, the first through hole (1-3) can be used as an anchor hole or a monitoring hole according to the survey needs. When the first through hole (1-3) is used as an anchor hole, an anchor rod (2) is inserted. When the first through hole (1-3) is used as a monitoring hole, an electrode (3-1) is inserted.

[0029] This invention also discloses the installation steps of the above-mentioned visual monitoring system for the stability of soil-rock mixture slopes, the steps of which are as follows: S1. Clear weeds and level the site; S2. Lay slope protection bricks (1), so that the trapezoidal grooves (1-2) of the slope protection bricks (1) interlock one after another, and use steel strands (1-5) to hinge and fix the second through holes (1-1) on the same straight line, thereby connecting all the slope protection bricks (1); S3. Select the first through holes (1-3) of some slope protection bricks (1) as anchor holes, inject cement grout (2-5) into the hollow structure of the lower rod (2-4) of the anchor rod (2), and then install the anchor rods in sequence. (2) Insert the first through hole (1-3) one by one. The cement grout (2-5) of the lower rod (2-4) will slowly flow out along the gap (2-3) between the upper rod (2-1) and the lower rod (2-4), bonding the anchor rod (2) with the surrounding soil. S4. Select the first through hole (1-3) of some slope protection bricks (1) located on the same straight line as the monitoring hole, and insert the electrode (3-1) one by one in sequence, keeping a spacing of about 1m. S5. Connect all the electrodes (3-1) to the slope monitoring device (3) through the multi-core cable (3-2), and monitor the soil resistivity through the slope monitoring device (3).

[0030] During measurement, all electrodes are placed in the monitoring holes. Then, using a programmable electrode selector switch and a microcomputer-controlled engineering electrical measuring instrument, rapid and automatic data acquisition can be achieved. After the measurement results are sent to the microcomputer-controlled engineering electrical measuring instrument, the data is processed to create a visualized resistivity profile. The data processing flow is as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0031] From the visualization graphics, identify the possible locations of slope instability and add anchor bolts (2) at the corresponding locations of the slope protection bricks (1) to reduce the possibility of slope instability. Figure 7 The graph shows the resistivity along the depth direction at the tested electrode (3-1). It can be seen from the graph that the resistivity is roughly divided into high-resistivity and low-resistivity regions. An abnormal area exists within the high-resistivity region, suggesting this is a fracture-developed area (red area in the graph), potentially containing ground fissures, requiring focused treatment.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The slope protection brick of this invention, through the design of groove interlocking, combined with the anchor fixing and steel strand connection, makes the installation of slope protection bricks more compact, convenient and quick, and easier to monitor. It solves the problem of unstable connection between slope protection bricks in the prior art. The interlocking structure of the slope protection brick of this invention is conducive to recycling, solving the problem of resource waste caused by the inability to recycle in the prior art; 2. In the anchor (2) of this invention, cement grout (2-5) is injected into the lower rod (2-4). During the process of pressing the anchor (2), the cement grout (2-5) will slowly flow out along the gap (2-3) between the upper rod (2-1) and the lower rod (2-4), thereby increasing the connection between the side wall of the anchor (2) and the surrounding soil. 3. The anchor rod (2) of the present invention has a side wall covered with capillary tubes (2-2). Combined with the concave design of the slope protection brick (1), the surface water flows to the second through hole (1-1) of the slope protection brick (1), and is discharged to the surface through the capillary tubes (2-2); 4. The slope monitoring device (3) in the monitoring system of the present invention can directly use the array of electrodes (3-1) to monitor the change law of resistivity along the depth direction at the electrodes (3-1) and form an image. By analyzing the electrical sounding curve of the cross-section change, the characteristics of the slope profile in the depth direction can be understood, which is convenient and quick; 5. The electrode layout of the monitoring system of the present invention is completed in one step, which reduces the failures and interference caused by electrode setup. It does not require manual control to send current underground, which reduces the error rate caused by manual operation in the prior art and allows for rapid data acquisition. 6. The electrodes (3-1) of the present invention can be arranged arbitrarily as needed. Scanning measurements of various arrangements can obtain richer geological information about the geological cross-sectional structural characteristics.

[0033] In summary, the soil-rock mixture slope stability visualization monitoring system of the present invention features a unique slope protection brick (1) design that is easy to install. Combined with the drainage function of the anchor rod and the design with cement grout inside, it can both drain water and fix the slope protection brick, and also anchor the slope protection brick to the slope, thereby improving the stability of the slope protection brick structure. With the monitoring system, the slope can be monitored in real time, increasing the stability of the slope. It can also provide timely warnings of slope instability anytime and anywhere. Data collection is convenient and fast. The monitoring system of the present invention has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, rich information, and easy interpretation, which significantly improves the exploration capability and has a very wide application prospect.

[0034] It should be noted that the above content merely illustrates the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and all such improvements and modifications fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A visual monitoring system for the stability of soil-rock composite slopes, characterized in that, The monitoring system includes anchor bolts, slope protection bricks, and a slope monitoring device. The slope protection bricks are sequentially fixed to the slope by the anchor bolts. The slope monitoring device includes electrodes, multi-core cables, a programmable electrode conversion switch, a microcomputer engineering electrical measuring instrument, a data logger, a visual program processor, and a visualization graphic display. After multiple electrodes are inserted one by one into the pre-set first through holes in the center of multiple slope protection bricks, they are connected to the programmable electrode conversion switch through the multi-core cables. The programmable electrode conversion switch sends resistivity information to the microcomputer engineering electrical measuring instrument. After processing by the microcomputer engineering electrical measuring instrument, the information is sent to the data logger, converted to the visual program processor, and after visualization result analysis, the visualization graphic display shows the visualization graphic. The anchor rod is divided into an upper rod and a lower rod, both of which are hollow structures. After cement grout is injected into the hollow structure of the lower rod, the upper rod is inserted into the hollow structure of the lower rod. The slope protection brick has a symmetrical rectangular structure with symmetrical trapezoidal grooves on both sides that are recessed towards the central axis. A first through hole is opened in the center, and second through holes are opened at the four corners. After the trapezoidal grooves of multiple slope protection bricks are interlocked and installed, the anchor rod / electrode is inserted into the first through hole, and the second through holes that are on the same straight line are fixedly connected with steel strands, thereby fixing the slope protection brick to the slope. The inner wall of the upper rod is covered with capillary tubes for draining rainwater from the ground. The surface of the slope protection brick is inclined in the axial direction of the first through hole to form a concave surface, so that rainwater can flow into the first through hole and then be discharged to the ground through the capillary tubes. When the first through hole is used as an anchor hole, an anchor rod is inserted; when the first through hole is used as a monitoring hole, an electrode is inserted.

2. The installation method of the visual monitoring system for soil-rock composite slope stability according to claim 1, characterized in that, The installation steps of the method are as follows: S1. Clear weeds and level the site; S2. Lay slope protection bricks so that the trapezoidal grooves of the slope protection bricks interlock one after another, and use steel strands to hinge and fix the second through holes on the same straight line, thereby connecting all the slope protection bricks; S3. Select some of the first through holes of the slope protection bricks as anchor holes, inject cement grout into the hollow structure of the lower rod of the anchor, and then drive the anchor into the first through hole one by one. The cement grout of the lower rod will slowly flow out along the gap between the upper rod and the lower rod, bonding the anchor to the surrounding soil; S4. Select some of the first through holes on the same straight line of the slope protection bricks as monitoring holes, and insert electrodes one by one, maintaining a 1m spacing. S5. Connect all electrodes to the slope monitoring device via a multi-core cable, and monitor the soil resistivity through the slope monitoring device.

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