A heat energy conversion device based on cooling potential energy

Abstract

The application provides a heat energy conversion device based on cooling potential energy, which is characterized by comprising a circulating machine, a liquid container and a control unit; the circulating machine comprises a tension and pressure telescopic rod (11), a plurality of gas passages (111) are arranged in the tension and pressure telescopic rod (11) and are connected with each other; one end of the tension and pressure telescopic rod (11) is fixed on a shell (10), and the other end is connected with a special-shaped piston (12); when the tension and pressure telescopic rod (11) generates displacement, the special-shaped piston (12) is driven to move; one end of the special-shaped piston (12) is located outside the liquid container (13) and is fixedly connected with the tension and pressure telescopic rod; the other end of the special-shaped piston (12) is located in the liquid container, and the liquid container (13) is divided into two parts which are closed to each other; a pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the liquid container and is connected with the left and right parts of the liquid container (13); a motor is arranged on the pipeline, and when the liquid in the pipeline moves, the motor is driven to move and outputs energy to the outside.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of heat energy exchange, and particularly relates to a heat energy conversion device based on cooling potential energy. BACKGROUND

[0002] Thermal power generation is the main source of electricity supply in China. At present, in thermal power generation, the conversion efficiency of heat energy to electricity is generally about 40%, and the rest of the heat energy is taken away by the cooling device, resulting in a large amount of energy waste. In order to improve the thermal power conversion efficiency, there are various implementation approaches. For example, the thermal power conversion is directly realized through the thermoelectric effect of materials, and the highest efficiency of this kind is about (15)%, and the overall efficiency is still low, and the heat energy waste is serious. Therefore, a high-efficiency heat energy conversion method and device are of great significance to national production. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the defects in the prior art, the present application provides a heat energy conversion device based on cooling potential energy, which comprises a circulating machine, a liquid container (13) and a control unit.

[0004] The circulating machine comprises a tension-compression telescopic rod (11), and a plurality of gas passages (111) are arranged in the tension-compression telescopic rod (11) in a penetrating and connected manner.

[0005] One end of the tension-compression telescopic rod (11) is fixed on a shell (10), and the other end is connected with a special-shaped piston (12), and the tension-compression telescopic rod drives the special-shaped piston (12) to move when the tension-compression telescopic rod generates displacement.

[0006] One end of the special-shaped piston (12) is located outside the liquid container (13) and is fixedly connected with the tension-compression telescopic rod (11), and the other end of the special-shaped piston (12) is located inside the liquid container (13), so that the liquid container (13) is divided into two parts that are sealed from each other.

[0007] A pipeline (14) is arranged at the bottom of the liquid container (13) and connects the left and right parts of the liquid container (13), and a motor is arranged on the pipeline, and the motor (15) is driven to move when the liquid in the pipeline moves, so as to output energy to the outside.

[0008] In a possible implementation manner, the special-shaped piston (12) comprises a piston handle fixedly connected with the tension-compression telescopic rod and a piston face located in the liquid container (13), the shape of the piston face is matched with the shape structure of the liquid container, and the two sides of the special-shaped piston are kept sealed from each other.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the circulation machine comprises a boiler (17), an expander (18) and a compressor (19), the compressor (19), the expander (18) and the boiler (17) are connected in series and can be directly connected with the pipeline (111), and the flow path of the gas is controlled by a valve (20).

[0010] In a possible implementation, the control unit comprises a controller connected with the motor, the boiler (17), the expander (18) and the compressor (19) respectively, for monitoring the state of the whole system, controlling the load size of the motor (15) and the opening and closing of each valve.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the liquid container is provided with a liquid working medium, and the pipeline (111) in the pull-push telescopic rod (11) is filled with a gaseous working medium.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the pull-push telescopic rod (11) is made of lead material with a high thermal expansion coefficient.

[0013] On the other hand, the application provides a heat energy conversion device based on cooling potential energy, comprising a temperature control unit (101), an expansion unit (102), an output unit (103) and a control unit.

[0014] The expansion unit (102) is located inside the output unit (103), and the temperature control unit (101) and the expansion unit (102) are connected by a heat conduction device, so that the temperature control unit (101) and the expansion unit (102) are always in an isothermal state.

[0015] The temperature control unit (101) is a piston structure, comprising a cylinder body and a piston, the piston is connected with a motor, and the cylinder body is in sealing fit with the piston.

[0016] The cylinder body has a working medium 201 inside, when the heat conduction device heats the working medium inside the cylinder body, the expansion or contraction of the working medium causes the piston to drive the motor to move and output energy outward.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the temperature control unit (101) is wholly or partially located inside the expansion unit (102).

[0018] In a possible implementation, the control unit is located outside, and the controller (401) and the motors (402), (403), (404) and sensors are connected with each device to monitor the working state of each device.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the output unit (103) is internally arranged with the expansion unit (102), and externally has a cylindrical extension part as a cylinder of the piston (303), while internally arranged with the piston (303);

[0020] The output unit (103) is internally filled with the working medium (302) between the piston (303) and the expansion unit (102), and the piston handle is externally connected with the motor (402) and the motor (404);

[0021] The piston (303) is in sealing cooperation with the cylindrical part of the output unit (103) externally, and is driven by the working medium (302) to move outward, thereby driving the motor (404) at the top of the piston (303) to move outward to do work.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present application at least has the following beneficial effects: the new controlled thermodynamic cycle device and its cycle process reduce the amount of heat dissipation to the outside, thereby improving the heat utilization efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the attached drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 The device structure schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the present application is provided;

[0025] Figure 2 The cross-sectional shape diagram of the special-shaped piston 12 provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application is provided;

[0026] Figure 3 The first working medium flow cycle process P-V diagram provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application is provided;

[0027] Figure 4 The second working medium flow cycle process P-V diagram provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application is provided;

[0028] Figure 5 The pressure-volume change curve of the first flow in the cycle process provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application is provided;

[0029] Figure 6 The volume-temperature change curve of the first flow provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application is provided;

[0030] Figure 7 The temperature-volume change curve of the second flow provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application is provided;

[0031] Figure 8A structural schematic diagram of another heat energy conversion device provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 9 A first working medium flow P-V diagram in a cycle process of Example 2 provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 10 A second working medium flow P-V diagram in a cycle process of Example 2 provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 11 A simulation first working medium flow liquid mass-volume diagram provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 12 A simulation second working medium flow P-V diagram provided for an exemplary embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present application will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present application, but do not limit the present application in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present application. These are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0037] The present application will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present application, but do not limit the present application in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present application. These are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] Figure 1 The main structure of the East point cycle machine with tension and compression potential energy. The main body of the cycle machine is a tension and compression telescopic rod 11 made of lead material with high thermal expansion coefficient, which is in a columnar structure. Inside the tension and compression telescopic rod 11, there are multiple through and connected gas passages 111 used as heat pipes, which exchange heat with the second working medium flow through gas flow or heat source.

[0040] For the remaining substances in contact with the first working medium flow and the second working medium flow, heat insulation installation method is adopted for heat protection such as heat wrapping. Although it is theoretically impossible to absolutely isolate heat radiation, the value of heat radiation and heat exchange can be reduced by adopting various measures. In subsequent analysis, it is assumed that there is no additional heat exchange between the first working medium flow and the second working medium flow, i.e. the first working medium flow and the second working medium flow do not radiate heat to the environment, nor exchange heat with other contact structure units.

[0041] One end of the tension and compression telescopic rod 11 is fixed on the shell 10, and the other end is connected to a special-shaped piston 12. When the tension and compression telescopic rod moves, it drives the special-shaped piston 12 to move.

[0042] Figure 2 Figure 1 is a sectional view of the piston 12. The upper part 121 is the handle of the piston, and the lower part is the piston face 122. The handle 121 is outside the liquid container 13 and is connected to the tension-compression telescopic rod 11. The piston face 122 is inside the liquid container 13.

[0043] The liquid container 13 is a semi-sealed container. The container is divided into left and right parts, and the left and right parts are filled with solutions and separated by the piston face 122. The piston face 122 can move in the left and right directions of the liquid container 13, and the left and right parts of the container remain sealed during the movement, i.e. the solutions in the left and right parts do not penetrate each other.

[0044] The bottom of the liquid container 13 is provided with a pipeline 14 connecting the left and right parts of the liquid container 13. When the special-shaped piston moves in the liquid container 13, the volumes of the solutions on the left and right sides change, and the solutions on the left and right sides move through the pipeline 14. The middle part of the pipeline 14 is connected to a motor 15, which is driven to move when the liquid in the pipeline moves, and outputs energy to the outside.

[0045] The pipeline 111 inside the tension-compression telescopic rod 11 is filled with a second working fluid flow, which is dry air. The working fluid flow is connected to the boiler 17, the expander 18 and the compressor 19 through the pipeline. The compressor 19, the expander 18 and the boiler 17 are connected to each other and can be directly connected to the pipeline 111, and the flow path of the gas is controlled by the valve 20.

[0046] The controller 16 monitors the state of the entire system, controls the load size of the motor 15, the opening and closing of the valves, the working state of the boiler 17, the expander 18 and the compressor 19, to meet the cycle requirements.

[0047] As described in the specification, for the above-mentioned East point machine based on tension-compression potential energy, the first working fluid flow is the rod formed by the tension-compression telescopic rod, and the second working fluid flow is dry air running in the expander, the compressor and the pipeline 111. The cycle process is as follows:

[0048] A. Initial state, the tension-compression telescopic rod 11 is in a stress-free state, the special-shaped piston face 122 at the top end of the tension-compression telescopic rod 11 is located in the middle of the liquid container 13, the volumes of the liquids on the left and right sides are consistent, and the pressures are balanced. The dry air is in the compressor and is in a compressed state; at this time, the tension-compression telescopic rod is in a stress-free state, the temperature is the initial state 1-1, and the state of the dry air is the initial state 2-1;

[0049] B. Dry air flows through the expander 18 and expands isothermally, and the temperature decreases, and the isothermal state with the tension-compression telescopic rod 11 is maintained through the pipeline 111. Therefore, the process cools down, the tension-compression telescopic rod 11 shortens, moves to the right, drives the special-shaped piston 12 to move, so that the liquid pressure on the right side of the liquid container 13 increases until the set value; at this time, the tension-compression telescopic rod 11 is in state 1-2, the length is in the initial state, and the internal tensile stress reaches the set value; the dry air is in state 2-2, and reaches the low-temperature and low-pressure state;

[0050] C. The dry air continues to cool down, and the above process continues. Since the pressure difference between the two sides of the liquid container 13 reaches the set value, the solutions on the two sides begin to flow, and then flow into the left container 13 through the pipeline 14 after driving the motor 15 to move; the motor 15 continuously outputs power outward under the driving of the solution until the end of this stage; after the end, the tension-compression telescopic rod is in the pre-set tensile stress state, and the dry air maintains the low-temperature state; this stage can be regarded as a continuation of states 1-2 and 2-2, and is recorded as 1-2' and 2-2', respectively;

[0051] D. The dry air stops volume expansion. The controller 16 controls the load of the motor 15 to be 0, so that the pressure on the left and right sides of the liquid container 13 releases energy along the isentropic curve until the pressure on the left and right sides is balanced. Thereafter, the tension-compression telescopic rod 11 is in a small range of expansion and contraction, and is in state 1-3, that is, the length is in the minimum state and the internal stress is in the 0 state; the volume of the gas fluctuates in a small range, and is in state 2-3, that is, the temperature is in the minimum state;

[0052] E. The controller 16 sets the reverse maximum load value of the motor 15, and closes the valve of the expander to the pipeline 111, and adjusts the working states of various valves, motors, expanders and other components;

[0053] F. The dry air is compressed isothermally through the compressor 19 and reaches the tension-compression telescopic rod 11 through the pipeline 111, and the temperature of the dry air gradually increases, so that the temperature of the tension-compression telescopic rod 11 continuously increases, and the length increases, thereby driving the liquid on the left and right sides of the liquid container 13 to generate a pressure difference until the load value set by the controller is reached; at this time, the tension-compression telescopic rod 11 is in the maximum compressive stress state, and the length is in the minimum state 1-4; the dry air is in the compressed state 2-4;

[0054] G. The compressor continuously compresses the dry air, and the dry air is compressed isothermally through the compressor 19 and reaches the tension-compression telescopic rod 11 through the pipeline 111, and the temperature of the dry air gradually increases, so that the temperature of the tension-compression telescopic rod 11 continuously increases, and the length continuously increases, thereby driving the liquid on the left and right sides of the liquid container 13 to move through the pipeline 14, and finally driving the motor 15 and its load to move and output energy to the outside; this process can be regarded as a continuation of states 1-4 and 2-4, and the final states are recorded as 1-4' and 2-4', respectively;

[0055] H. Dry air stops volume compression. Controller 16 controls the load of motor 15 to 0, so that the liquid container 13 left and right sides pressure releases energy along the isentropic curve, until the two sides pressure balance. After that, the tension and compression telescopic rod 11 small range expansion, in the state 1-5, the maximum length state and 0 internal stress state; gas volume small range fluctuation, in the state 2-5, the higher temperature state;

[0056] I. Dry air through the boiler 17 and the outside heat exchange, supplement energy.

[0057] Without considering the cycle process of dry air (the second working medium flow), the state change of the tension and compression telescopic rod 11 (the first working medium flow) in the above cycle process is shown in the following figure. Figure 3 The vertical coordinate is the internal stress P of the first working medium flow, the tension is positive, and the pressure is negative. In the equilibrium state, the internal stress is 0. The tension and compression telescopic rod 11 (the first working medium flow) is in the initial state 1-1. After that, the tension and compression telescopic rod 11 (the first working medium flow) continues to release heat to the outside, the temperature decreases, and the internal stress is first generated gradually until it reaches the set value P1, reaching state 1-2. Then, in the process of continuous temperature drop, the internal stress P1 is maintained to continuously do work to the outside until the heat release to the outside stops, reaching state 1-2'. In the process of continuous decrease of the internal stress of the tension and compression telescopic rod 11, the length decreases, and at the same time, the continuous work to the outside is done until the tensile stress decreases to 0, reaching the shortest length, i.e. state 1-3. So far, the cooling process of the first working medium flow is completed, and the following is the heating process of the first working medium flow.

[0058] The heating process is the reverse process of the cooling process: heating the tension and compression telescopic rod 11 (the first working medium flow), maintaining the length of the tension and compression telescopic rod 11 (the first working medium flow) unchanged, and generating a compressive stress inside until it reaches the specified value, at which time the tension and compression telescopic rod 11 (the first working medium flow) reaches state 1-4. After that, the tension and compression telescopic rod 11 (the first working medium flow) is continuously heated, and continuously does work to the outside until the maximum temperature value is set, reaching state 1-4'. Then the tension and compression telescopic rod 11 (the first working medium flow) releases the internal stress, the rod length is elongated, and reaches state 1-5. The temperature value of state 1-4' can be set according to the temperature value of the heat source. Without considering the influence of the second working medium flow, the maximum temperature value and the minimum temperature value in the cycle are set, then the final temperature of the tension and compression telescopic rod 11 (the first working medium flow) is determined, the final stress is determined, and the final state should directly reach 1-1, then state 1-5 coincides with state 1-1.

[0059] From the analysis of the above cycle process, it can be seen that the work done by the first working medium flow to the outside is the area of the closed curve formed by the above state processes.

[0060] Figure 4 The cycle process of the second working medium flow in the above cycle process is given. Corresponding to the cycle of the first working medium flow, the process is as follows:

[0061] A. Initial state, the second working fluid is in high pressure and high temperature state 2-1;

[0062] B. The second working fluid continues to expand in volume and does work on the outside, through state 2-2, and finally expands to reach the low temperature state 2-2';

[0063] C. The first working fluid releases internal stress potential energy, while maintaining the second working fluid and the first working fluid isothermal, the second working fluid reaches state 2-3.

[0064] D. The second working fluid undergoes external compression, first reaching state 2-4, the first working fluid generates pressure potential energy, and then continues to compress the second working fluid while maintaining the internal stress of the first working fluid unchanged, continuously outputting power to the outside, until the second working fluid is compressed to the initial volume, reaching state 2-4';

[0065] E. The first working fluid releases pressure potential energy, does work on the outside, while maintaining the first working fluid and the second working fluid isothermal, the second working fluid reaches state 2-5;

[0066] F. The second working fluid exchanges heat with the outside world, at this time, the second working fluid has reached the initial volume, only needs to supplement appropriate heat to restore to state 2-1.

[0067] It is worth mentioning that after the optimization design of the parameters of the second working fluid and the first working fluid, the second working fluid outputs energy to the outside, and its value is equal to the area of the closed curve formed by the processes from 2-1 to 2-5.

[0068] The thermodynamic process changes of the first working fluid and the second working fluid are discussed below, and an example calculation process is given. Since the two streams are in isentropic change, any state in the process can be regarded as an equilibrium state, and the equilibrium state equation is used to analyze each state in the process. For the first working fluid, the initial temperature is assumed to be T1, and since the first working fluid and the second working fluid maintain isothermal throughout the process, the temperature of the two streams is not distinguished. The mass of the first working fluid is mg1, the density is p1, the working fluid cross-sectional area is Sg, the initial length is l0, the thermal expansion in the working temperature range is linear expansion, the linear expansion coefficient is a, the material elastic modulus is E1, the maximum working stress is set to be s, the tensile stress is positive, and the specific heat capacity of the first working fluid under no pressure is C0. When the temperature changes by AT, the relationship between the length l of the first working fluid and various parameters can be derived as follows:

[0069] l = l0(1 + aAT)(1 + s / E1)

[0070] In this process, if the internal stress is unchanged, the work done by the first working fluid on the outside is

[0071] ΔU = -sS gloa(1+σ / E1)ΔT

[0072] The sign is negative because in the heating process, the work is the pressure stress, and the stress is negative.

[0073] According to the energy conservation, the heat absorbed by the first working medium flow (with the heating as positive) is:

[0074] ΔQ=Cm g1 ΔT=C0m g1 ΔT+ΔU=(C0-σα(1+σ / E1) / ρ)m g1 ΔT

[0075] Suppose the lowest common working temperature of the first working medium flow is T2, and T1>T2, then in the cooling process, when the stress of the first working medium flow changes from 0 to σ, the corresponding temperature change is

[0076]

[0077] At this time, the potential energy of the tension-compression rod is

[0078]

[0079] Where Vg is the volume of the solid.

[0080] After the temperature decreases to T2, the continuous stress σ, the external output power is

[0081]

[0082] The external heat release is

[0083]

[0084] For the heating process, the same calculation as above is performed. Suppose the heating process is heated to temperature T3, and the process does not release heat, but only absorbs heat to do work. Under the same stress σ, the work value is consistent with the cooling process.

[0085] In the closed loop cycle, finally T3=T1 must be met. Under this condition, the thermal cycle efficiency of the first working medium flow is

[0086]

[0087] The potential energy equation and the output energy equation of the tension-compression rod show the direction of improving the cycle efficiency of the first working medium flow: using materials with low elastic modulus and high expansion coefficient, and increasing the pressure and temperature difference in the cycle process, can improve the cycle efficiency.

[0088] In the above analysis, the thermal expansion and stress deformation of the tensile-compressive rod 11 are in the linear change stage. If the change range is large, the linear change process is not established. For the nonlinear change process, it is difficult to give an analytical solution. The linear solution can be regarded as an approximation of the nonlinear solution, indicating the trend of the nonlinear equation change. In the linear change part, σ / E is regarded as a small quantity, and its influence is ignored, so the above efficiency equation can be simplified as

[0089]

[0090] The above formula shows that if the material potential energy is regarded as a small quantity, the efficiency of the East point cycle only depends on the material itself, and is independent of the high temperature and low temperature values of the cycle. This is significantly different from the Carnot cycle. Therefore, by finding more suitable materials, the efficiency of the East point cycle can be improved.

[0091] Consider the influence of the second working medium flow. Let the amount of substance of the second working medium flow be n2, the initial volume be V 2,1 , and the temperature be the same as that of the first working medium flow. At this time, the initial pressure of the second working medium flow can be obtained by using the ideal gas state equation. The second working medium flow and the first working medium flow change according to the isentropic process, which can be calculated by using the isentropic equation. For the process from state 1 (first working medium flow state 1-1, second working medium flow state 2-1) to state 2 (first working medium flow state 1-2, second working medium flow state 2-2), it is the first working medium potential energy increase segment. In this process, the volume of the first working medium does not change, only the temperature increases, and there is:

[0092] ΔS = n2C v,m ln(T σ / T1) + n2Rln(V 2，σ / V 2，1 ) + m gt C σ ln(T σ / T1) = 0

[0093] Wherein, the subscript σ represents the state when the first working medium flow reaches the stress σ. It is noted that the specific heat capacity in the above formula is a value that changes with temperature, and the above formula is difficult to solve directly. The differential can be solved.

[0094] For the first working medium continuous power output segment (the first working medium flow from state 1-2 to 1-2', and the second working medium flow from state 2-2 to state 2-2'), according to the isentropic equation, there is:

[0095] ΔS = n2C v,m ln(T2 / T σ ) + n2Rln(V 2，2 / V 2，σ ) + m gt C0ln(T2 / T σ ) = 0

[0096] For the potential energy releasing process (from state 1-2' to 1-3), it can be considered as an independent process of the first working stream, and the temperature of the first working stream and the second working stream remains unchanged.

[0097] The states of the first working stream and the second working stream in the cooling process can be obtained from the above equations. The states of the heating process can be obtained in the same way, which will not be described here.

[0098] The above East point cycle process including the second working stream with potential energy of pressure and tension is calculated, taking the parameters of lead as the first working stream and taking dry air as the second working stream. It is assumed that there are 10 kg of lead in the initial state, and 100 moles of dry air are used as the second working stream. In the initial state, the length of the lead is 1 m, and the temperature of the two working streams is 500 K. Figure 5 is the pressure-volume change curve of the first stream in the cycle process. In this curve, it is assumed that the cross-sectional area of the first stream remains unchanged, and the volume is proportional to the length, so the length is used instead of the volume. Figure 6 is the length-temperature change curve of the first stream. Figure 6 The change process of is basically consistent with the theoretical change process given in Figure 4 . Figure 7 is the temperature-volume change curve of the second stream. From Figure 7 , it can be seen that the pressure of the second stream is basically unchanged during the volume expansion and compression process, but it can be seen from the enlarged graph that the volume of the second stream changes slightly under the same pressure, and the pressure in the compression process is slightly smaller, so the second stream can output a certain amount of energy at the end of a cycle.

[0099] The states of the above working streams in the East point cycle are calculated. In the ideal state, some key states of the two working streams are as follows:

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] When only the cycle efficiency of the first stream is considered, it can be seen from the efficiency calculation equation that the efficiency is related to the material characteristics, working pressure parameters, etc. of the first stream itself. For the selected material, when σ / E1 is about 1%, the efficiency is about 1.2%, which is consistent with the calculation result. When the σ / E1 ratio is increased, the efficiency of the cycle can be effectively improved. For example, when the yield limit of the material is approached and σ / E1=0.5 is selected, the power output efficiency of only the first stream is 49.3%, which is greater than the common efficiency of the Carnot cycle; and when the second stream is considered, the total cycle thermal efficiency can reach about 98.6%, which is much greater than the thermal efficiency of the Carnot cycle. It is worth pointing out that the above calculation result is calculated according to the linear material characteristics, and in fact, when the material approaches the yield limit, its nonlinear performance is more obvious, and there will be a large deviation according to the above calculation equation. Therefore, the actual efficiency will be reduced.

[0103] Example 2

[0104] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the main structure of an East point cycle machine is given, which only does work in the cooling process. As shown in the figure, the main part of the system is composed of a temperature control unit 101, an expansion unit 102, an output unit 103 and a control unit. The expansion unit 102 is located inside the output unit 103. The temperature control unit 101 and the expansion unit 102 are connected by a heat pipe 5, which ensures that the temperature control unit 101 and the expansion unit 102 are always in isothermal state. Figure 8

[0105] Preferably, the temperature control unit 101 can be located inside the expansion unit 102 entirely or partially.

[0106] The control unit is located outside, and connects each device through the controller 401 and the motors 402, 403, 404 and sensors, and monitors the working state of each device.

[0107] The temperature control unit 101 adopts a piston mode, including a cylinder and a piston, and the cylinder and the piston are in sealing fit. The cylinder has a working medium 201, i.e. the second working medium flow based on the East point cycle of abnormal expansion, and in this embodiment, the working medium is selected as high-pressure nitrogen. The front end of the piston is connected with the motor 403, which can be driven to move by the motor 403, or drive the motor to move. When the piston of the temperature control unit 101 drives the motor 403 to move, it outputs energy to the outside; on the contrary, when the motor 403 drives the piston to move, the temperature control unit 101 accepts external power. The movement state of the motor 403 is controlled by the controller 401 of the control system 401.

[0108] The expansion unit 102 is internally filled with a working medium 301, i.e. the first working medium flow based on the East point cycle of abnormal expansion. In this embodiment, the working medium 301 (the first working medium flow) is selected as pure water. The expansion unit 102 is in the shape of a square as a whole, and the outer face of the output unit 103 adopts a metal structure, which can accept external heat source heating. At the same time, there are sealing holes for connecting the heat pipe 5. Except for the outer face, the remaining faces are covered with flexible materials with heat insulation performance, such as heat insulation multi-layer and rubber material combination, without fixed shape, so as to avoid heat transfer between the expansion unit 102 and the output unit 103; at the same time, when the volume of the expansion unit 102 changes, it can drive the working medium 302 inside the output unit 103 to move.

[0109] ​The output unit 103 is internally arranged with the expansion unit 102. The output unit 103 is externally provided with a cylindrical extension part as a cylinder of the piston 303, while the piston 303 is internally arranged. Inside the output unit 103, the piston 303 is filled with the working medium 302 between the expansion unit 102. In the embodiment, the working medium 302 is selected as brine, which ensures that the freezing point is lower than that of the working medium 301 (first working medium flow). The piston handle is externally connected with the motor 402 and the motor 404. The piston 303 is in sealing cooperation with the cylindrical part of the output unit 103, and is driven to move outward by the working medium 302, thereby driving the motor 404 at the top of the piston 303 to move. At the same time, the piston 303 can also be driven to move by the motor 402. The movement state of the piston 303 is controlled by the controller 401 according to the state of each working medium.

[0110] The control unit is composed of the controller 401, the motor 403, the motor 402, the motor 404 and sensors. The sensors are distributed in the temperature control unit 101, the expansion unit 102 and the output unit 103 to collect information such as temperature, pressure and movement position; the controller 401 controls the movement of the motor 402, the motor 403 and the motor 404 according to the collected information.

[0111] The motor 402 and the motor 404 are jointly connected with the piston handle at the top of the piston. Both of the two motors are one-way transmission motors, the motor 404 is a generator, and the motor 402 is a motor. Through the control of the controller, the motor 402 can only compress the piston movement, and when the working medium expands outward, the piston 303 can only drive the motor 404 to move, and cannot drive the motor 402 to move; when the working medium is compressed outward, only the motor 402 drives, and the motor 404 cannot move.

[0112] Figure 9 The PV variation process of the first working medium flow in the cycle process is shown in the following table, Figure 10 The PV variation process of the second working medium flow in the cycle process is shown in the following table. Figure 9 and Figure 10 The cycle process of the East point cycle is as follows:

[0113] a. Initial state, the working medium 301 (first working medium flow) in the expansion unit 102 is in a state of 4 degrees Celsius, at which time the total volume of the expansion unit 102 is in a minimum state, and the working medium 301 is in a high-temperature and low-pressure state, i.e. state 1-1; the working medium 301 and the working medium 201 (second working medium flow) in the temperature control unit 101 are in an isothermal state; the working medium 201 is in a high-temperature and high-pressure state, and the internal working medium is in a gas-liquid mixed state, i.e. state 2-1;

[0114] b. The high-pressure working medium 201 (second working medium flow) in the temperature control unit 101 is output along the isentropic curve to drive the motor 403 to move, and reaches a low-temperature state, i.e. state 2-2.

[0115] At the same time, the working fluid 201 and the working fluid 301 in the expansion unit 102 are kept in isothermal state by the heat pipe 5, so that the working fluid 301 is cooled. Since the working fluid 301 in the expansion unit 102 has the abnormal expansion phenomenon in the temperature range, its volume expands when it is cooled. The volume expansion process is limited, and a certain stress is generated in the working fluid until it reaches the preset value, and the pressure is transmitted to the piston 303 through the working fluid 302. At this time, the working fluid 301 has a small range of volume expansion, the temperature is preliminarily reduced, and has a certain internal stress, that is, state 1-2; the working fluid 201 expands in volume, the temperature is reduced, and reaches state 2-2;

[0116] c. The high-pressure working fluid 201 (second working fluid flow) in the temperature control unit 101 continuously expands in volume until it reaches the preset volume or temperature value. During the process, the working fluid 301 (first working fluid flow) is kept isothermal with the second working fluid flow. Due to the abnormal expansion characteristics of the first working fluid flow, its volume further increases, and continuously drives the piston 303 to move through the working fluid 302, thereby driving the motor 2 to move and continuously output power; finally, in this process, the working fluid 301 (first working fluid flow) reaches a low-temperature state, the volume increases, and has a partial pressure stress, that is, state 1-2'; the working fluid 201 (second working fluid flow) reaches a maximum volume state, and the temperature is the lowest, that is, state 2-2';

[0117] d. The controller controls the load of the motors 402 and 404, so that the working fluid 301 expands along the isentropic curve, and all internal stresses return to 0; at this time, the first working fluid flow reaches a low-temperature state, the volume is maximum, and the internal stress is 0, that is, state 1-3; the second working fluid flow reaches a maximum volume state, that is, state 2-3;

[0118] e. The controller sets the load of the motors 402 and 404 and adjusts the valve switches, and prepares for the heating process. In this cycle, due to the phase change in the abnormal expansion stage, the first working fluid flow becomes a liquid in the heating stage and cannot bear tension, so the load of the motors 402 and 404 is set to 0; for other abnormal expansion materials that can bear tension, the load of the motor can be set according to the strength characteristics of the working fluid;

[0119] f. The controller 401 controls the output torque of the motor 403 to drive the piston in the temperature control unit 101 to move, and compresses the working fluid 201 (second working fluid flow) along the isentropic curve to return to the initial position; at the same time, the working fluid 301 (first working fluid flow) and the working fluid 201

[0120] (second working fluid flow) are kept in isothermal state through the heat pipe 5 during the process; during the process, the temperature of the working fluid 301 (first working fluid flow) increases to close to 4 degrees Celsius, the volume decreases, and the internal stress is 0, which does not output power to the outside;

[0121] The working substance 201 (second working substance flow) returns to the initial state. Since there is no stress change of the first working substance flow and power output process, the two working substance flows skip states 1-4 and 2-4, and directly reach states 1-5 and 2-5;

[0122] g. The external heat source heats the working substance 301 and / or the working substance flow 201 in the expansion unit 102 to a temperature of 4 degrees Celsius, at which time the working substance 301 (first working substance flow) and the working substance 201 (second working substance flow) return to the initial state;

[0123] h. The controller 401 controls the output torque of the motor 402 to compress the piston 303 along the isentropic curve to the initial position, complete the cycle, or continue the next cycle.

[0124] Figure 2 is a state curve of the first working substance flow in the cycle, where the pressure of the first working substance flow in the initial state is 0, and the volume is not 0. The external output power value of the first working substance flow is equal to the closed curve area surrounded by each process curve.

[0125] Figure 10 is a state curve of the second working substance flow in the cycle, and the power output by the second working substance flow is also equal to the closed curve area surrounded by each process curve.

[0126] The thermodynamic process of the East point cycle is discussed below. First, consider the first working substance flow, which gradually accumulates potential energy during the internal stress increase process (i.e., from state 1-1 to state 1-2). At this time, the thermodynamic process is consistent with that of Example 1, and the parameter definitions are consistent with those of the first working substance flow. The potential energy increase process calculation equation of Example 1 can be used for calculation. That is:

[0127]

[0128] For the process of the first working substance flow outputting power to the outside, i.e., from state 1-2 to state 1-2', the first working substance flow maintains the internal stress unchanged and continuously outputs power to the outside. At this time, the thermodynamic process is consistent with the power output process of Example 1. The total power output to the outside is

[0129]

[0130] For the process of the first working substance flow releasing stress to the outside, i.e., from state 1-2' to state 1-3, the potential energy accumulated during the state 1-1 to state 1-2 stage is released, and at this time, no work is done to the outside. In addition to the increase in the volume of the first working substance flow, there is no other change in the thermodynamic state.

[0131] After that, the first working fluid stream stress becomes close to 0 in the process from state 1-3 to state 1-5, and the theoretical value is the corresponding working fluid saturated vapor pressure at this temperature, but its value is too small, so its influence is ignored here. Then the work done by the first working fluid stream and the work done by the outside can be ignored.

[0132] Considering the second stream, first consider its cooling process. This process is divided into two stages, i.e. from state 2-1 to state 2-2. According to the derivation process of embodiment 1, this process satisfies:

[0133] ΔS = n2C v,m ln(T2 / T1) + n2Rln(V2 / V1) + m σ C0ln(T2 / T1) = 0 2，σ 2，1 gt σ ln(T2 / T1) = 0 σ

[0134] For the first working fluid stream continuous power output section, i.e. the second working fluid stream from state 2-2 to state 2-2' stage, satisfies:

[0135] ΔS = n2C v,m ln(T2 / T1) + n2Rln(V2 / V1) + m σ C0ln(T2 / T1) = 0 2，2 2，σ gt σ

[0136] For the warming process, it is the reverse process of the above process. Also calculate according to the above equation.

[0137] Take the first working fluid stream as water and the second working fluid stream as nitrogen as an example to calculate the East point cycle process based on abnormal expansion. The density of water at 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atm is 0.99 g / ml, and the density of the corresponding ice is 0.92 g / ml, and the density under different pressures is extrapolated according to the uniform elastic modulus. It is assumed that the phase change process of water-ice is maintained at 0 degrees Celsius. The water-ice phase change heat is 335 J / g at standard atmospheric pressure. Since the compression ratio difference between water and ice is small, the difference between the elastic deformation of ice and water is ignored, and the elastic modulus of ice is used uniformly; At the same time, it is assumed that only the phase change process is considered, and the second stream is considered as isothermal expansion. The mass of water is 1000g, the initial pressure is 0, and the working pressure is 2atm; nitrogen is 1000mol, the initial pressure is 10atm. On this basis, Figure 11 the liquid volume change process of the first working fluid stream based on the East point cycle of abnormal expansion of water-ice working fluid stream is given, Figure 12 the PV change process of the second stream is given. The change trend of the two state streams is basically the same as the first embodiment. The following table is the change process of some key parameters in the cycle process. ​​​​​​​​

[0138]

[0139] It is worth pointing out that the working pressure has a great influence on the system energy output. For example, if the working pressure of the first stream is 2 atm, the first stream only outputs 14.73 J of energy to the outside in one cycle. When the working pressure of the first stream is 200 atm, the energy output to the outside in one cycle is nearly 100 times higher, i.e., 1.47e3 J. Therefore, a larger working pressure of the first stream should be selected in the cycle.

[0140] When only the first stream is considered, the first stream exchanges heat with the first stream at a proportion of 2.84e5 J in the whole cycle, and only outputs 15.89 J of energy, so the energy conversion efficiency is very low. However, when the second stream is considered, since the second stream undergoes isentropic expansion and compression, the input power and the output power are equivalent in the ideal state, and the second stream finally outputs 15.89 J of energy to the outside. Thus, in one cycle, a total of 31.78 J of energy is output to the outside, which is equivalent to the absorbed energy, and the heat conversion proportion is greatly improved.

[0141] It should be noted that the types and compositions of the working medium mentioned in the above embodiments are only a preferred example, and the types and compositions of the working medium are not limited in the present application, and any working medium that can achieve the effects of the embodiments of the present application should fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0142] The specific embodiments of the present application are described above. It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essential content of the present application. The embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.

Claims

1. A heat energy conversion device based on the potential energy of cooling, characterized by, The temperature control unit (101), the expansion unit (102), the output unit (103) and the control unit are included. The expansion unit (102) is located inside the output unit (103), and the temperature control unit (101) and the expansion unit (102) are connected through a heat conduction device, so that the temperature control unit (101) and the expansion unit (102) are always in an isothermal state. The temperature control unit (101) is a piston structure, including a cylinder body and a piston, the piston is connected with a motor, and the cylinder body is in sealing fit with the piston. The cylinder body has a second working medium (201) inside, the second working medium (201) is nitrogen, when the heat conduction device heats the second working medium inside the cylinder body, the second working medium expands or shrinks to drive the motor to move, and energy is outputted outward. The expansion unit (102) is located outside the output unit (103), and the surface of the expansion unit (102) is made of a metal structure, which can accept external heat source heating, and has a sealing hole for connecting a heat pipe (5), and the expansion unit (102) has a first working medium (301) inside; except the external surface, the remaining surfaces are covered with a flexible material with heat insulation performance, so that heat transfer between the expansion unit (102) and the output unit (103) is avoided; at the same time, when the volume of the expansion unit (102) changes, the working medium (302) inside the output unit (103) can be driven to move. The output unit (103) is arranged with the expansion unit (102) inside, and the output unit (103) has a columnar extension part outside, which is used as a cylinder body of the piston (303), and the piston (303) is arranged inside; in the output unit (103), the piston (303) and the expansion unit (102) are filled with the working medium (302), and the piston handle is connected with the motor 2 (402) and the motor 3 (404) outside; the piston (303) is in sealing fit with the columnar part outside the output unit (103), and moves outward under the pushing of the working medium (302), so as to drive the motor 3 (404) at the top of the piston (303) to move.

2. A heat energy conversion device based on the potential energy of cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control unit (101) is located inside the expansion unit (102) in whole or in part.

3. A heat energy conversion device based on the potential energy of cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is located outside, and the controller (401) and the motor 2 (402), the motor 1 (403), the motor 3 (404) and the sensor are connected with each device, and the working state of each device is monitored.

4. The heat energy conversion device based on the potential energy of temperature drop according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output unit (103) is arranged with the expansion unit (102) inside, and the output unit (103) has a columnar extension part outside, which is used as a cylinder body of the piston (303), and the piston (303) is arranged inside; In the output unit (103), the piston (303) and the expansion unit (102) are filled with the working medium (302), and the piston handle is connected with the motor 2 (402) and the motor 3 (404) outside; The piston (303) is sealed with the external columnar part of the output unit (103), and is driven outward by the working medium (302) to drive the motor 3 (404) on the top of the piston (303) to work outward. The working medium (302) is brine, and its freezing point is lower than that of the first working medium (301).

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