A Submarine Cold Seep Gas Leakage Simulation System

Abstract

The present invention discloses a simulation system for submarine cold seep gas leakage, which includes a gas leakage simulation device and a deck control unit. The gas leakage simulation device includes a bubble generation module, a bubble observation module, and an energy and control module. The bubble generation module is used to generate bubbles at a position near the seabed under conditions such as different particle size distributions, densities, flow rates, and durations. The bubble observation module is used to obtain dual-view image data of submarine gas leakage presented in the form of bubbles. The energy and control module is used for the operation control of the system and the processing of observation data. The deck control unit is used to configure tasks for the underwater gas leakage simulation device, read the data of underwater sensors carried by the device, and monitor the operating states of each module of the device. Based on the bubble characteristics of real submarine cold seeps, cold seep bubble simulation can be carried out in the real seabed environment, providing technical support for the establishment of the sound scattering characteristic model of submarine cold seeps and the inversion of cold seep gas overflow flux.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of marine environmental ecological engineering, and particularly relates to a submarine cold seep gas leakage simulation system. Background Art

[0002] Cold seeps mainly develop on the slopes of active and passive continental margins. Low-temperature fluids from beneath the seafloor sediment interface are injected into the basin in the form of gushing and leakage, and a series of physical, chemical, and biological effects are generated. Such effects and their products are called cold seep leakage.

[0003] The components of cold seep leakage fluids mainly include water, hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, and fine-grained sediments. Hydrocarbons include methane and petroleum heavy hydrocarbon compounds. The fluids may come from long-existing oil and gas systems in the lower strata and migrate upward along with tectonic activities, or may be related to the decomposition of submarine gas hydrates. The hydrocarbons released by decomposition (mainly CH4) can become part of the cold seep leakage fluids. The temperature of cold seep fluids is similar to that of seawater. Cold seeps occur linearly in groups along tectonic zones and highly permeable strata on the seafloor. Some cold seeps are concentrated around mud volcanoes or diapir tops, appearing as circular or irregular cold seep groups, and there are also isolated occurrences in low-lying areas and canyon turning points of the seafloor topography.

[0004] When methane leaks due to the decomposition of submarine gas hydrates, methane or the CO2 generated by its oxidation entering the atmosphere will cause an abnormally high CO2 partial pressure. At the same time, the large amount of methane generated by the decomposition of hydrates, as a biochemical fuel, generates a huge amount of heat in seawater, which may lead to an increase in the water temperature in the middle and bottom layers of the ocean. Submarine cold seep leakage has attracted increasing attention from various countries. Gas penetration surveys in the permeable area are particularly important. The intuitive display of submarine cold seep leakage is helpful for the study of submarine cold seeps. At the same time, the experiment of sampling equipment is one of the standards for testing the equipment, which can obtain the operation data of the equipment and thus prepare for on-site sampling.

[0005] At present, the existing cold seep simulation systems mainly consist of laboratory-level simulation devices and are mainly used for simulating the generation of bubbles. For such simulation devices, due to the significant differences in the intrinsic properties of the generated bubbles and the environmental properties of the bubble environment compared to the cold seep bubbles in the real environment, the accuracy of the existing such devices in simulation is relatively poor and it is difficult to meet the needs of scientific research on submarine cold seeps. For example, the invention patent with the application number 201410045160.8 discloses a device for uniformly breaking the seepage bubbles of submarine cold seeps. This device is provided with a plurality of bubble baffles along the direction of bubble movement, and the bubbles are broken by applying an external force to finally form small bubbles with equal radii and uniform distribution. However, in nature, the particle size distribution of cold seep bubbles is uneven and follows a certain distribution law. Therefore, there is a large error in using bubbles with equal radii and uniform distribution to simulate cold seep bubbles in the real natural environment. The utility model patent with the application number 201921863713.5 discloses a bubble generating device for simulating the seepage of submarine cold seeps, which adjusts the osmotic pressure of the gas in the bubble generating box through a pressure regulating mechanism to achieve the simulation of bubble seepage in different water depth environments. However, this device belongs to the category of laboratory-level simulation devices, and the controlled factors of cold seep bubbles not only involve pressure but also many factors such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. Therefore, the living environment of the cold seep bubbles simulated by this device is quite different from the real natural environment in the wild, and the bubbles generated by this device inevitably have differences from the bubbles in the real underwater environment.

[0006] In summary, there has not been found a submarine cold seep gas leakage simulation device that is applicable to the real natural environment, conforms to the particle size distribution law of cold seep bubbles, and has both the functions of bubble generation and observation. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a submarine cold seep gas leakage simulation system. Based on the bubble characteristics of real submarine cold seeps, it can simulate cold seep bubbles in the real submarine environment, providing effective technical support for the establishment of the acoustic scattering characteristic model of submarine cold seeps and the verification of the cold seep gas overflow flux inversion method.

[0008] The present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0009] A submarine cold seep gas leakage simulation system includes a gas leakage simulation device and a deck control unit. The gas leakage simulation device includes a bubble generation module, a bubble observation module, and an energy and control module;

[0010] The bubble generation module is used for generating bubbles under different working conditions. The bubble observation module is used for in-situ observation of bubbles to collect bubble image information. The energy and control module is used for system operation control and observation data processing. The deck control unit is used for task configuration of the gas leakage simulation device, reading the underwater sensor data loaded on the device, and monitoring the operation status of each module of the device.

[0011] The bubble generation module includes a high-pressure gas cylinder, a gas mass flow controller, a combined nozzle, and a gas pipeline. The high-pressure gas cylinder is used for supplying the gas required for bubble generation. The gas pipeline is a composite pipeline, whose inlet is connected to the high-pressure gas cylinder, and each outlet of the gas pipeline is connected to the air inlet of each nozzle on the combined nozzle. The gas mass flow controller controls the outlet gas flow of the high-pressure gas cylinder and the gas flow of each branch in the gas pipeline through a pre-programmed method, so as to realize the on-demand and stable overflow of gas in each orifice of the combined nozzle.

[0012] Furthermore, the gas leakage simulation device further includes a loading platform, a self-stabilizing platform, and a counterweight. The loading platform is arranged above the self-stabilizing platform, and the counterweight is arranged below the self-stabilizing platform. The self-stabilizing platform is driven by a servo motor and realizes azimuth, pitch, and roll adjustment through three-axis control. The bubble generation module, the bubble observation module, and the energy and control module are all fixedly arranged on the loading platform. The loading platform and the self-stabilizing platform are connected by a release device, and the release device is used to discard the counterweight when recovering the gas leakage simulation device.

[0013] Furthermore, the bubble observation module includes a transparent observation chamber, an underwater camera, and an underwater light source. The upper and lower ends of the transparent observation chamber are open, and a combined nozzle is arranged at the bottom. The underwater camera and the underwater light source are relatively arranged on the side of the transparent observation chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, the combined nozzle includes a nozzle disc and nozzles. A number of hole positions are arranged on the nozzle disc, and the nozzles are fixedly installed on the hole positions. The bottom of each nozzle is provided with an air inlet. A number of orifices are arranged on the nozzles, and the orifice diameters of the nozzles are set according to the statistical model of the cold seep bubble particle size distribution, so as to ensure that the particle size distribution of the generated bubbles conforms to that of cold seep bubbles in the wild real environment.

[0015] Furthermore, the energy and control module includes an underwater sealed cabin and a lithium battery pack, a system operation control unit, and a data acquisition unit arranged in the cabin, realizing the underwater autonomous operation of the system. The lithium battery pack supplies power to the underwater camera, the underwater light source, the gas mass flow controller, each sensor, and the system operation control unit and the data acquisition unit.

[0016] Furthermore, the cold seep gas leakage simulation system is also designed with a system auxiliary module, including a pressure sensor and a single-point current meter for obtaining test environment data, a combined buoy for system recovery, a counter for bubble-assisted photography, and a variety of sensor mounts provided on the loading platform. The variety of sensors include a methane sensor and an ADCP sensor.

[0017] Furthermore, a protective cover is also provided above the loading platform. The protective cover is made of solid buoyancy material and is used to provide buoyancy when recovering the gas leakage simulation device.

[0018] Furthermore, the transparent observation chamber is square and made of light-transmitting and pressure-resistant material.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] The subsea cold seep gas leakage simulation system of this solution adopts an integrated design method. While the bubble generation module and the bubble observation module of the system achieve their respective functions, they cooperate with each other and restrict each other. Specifically, for the bubbles simulated and generated by the bubble generation module, the particle size distribution of the bubbles can be verified through the bubble image data obtained by the bubble observation module. And for the number and volume of bubbles calculated by the bubble observation module, they can be verified through the gas input flow rate of the bubble generation module. Through the mutual comparison and verification of the two functional modules, the accuracy of the system's simulation of cold seep bubbles is improved, jointly providing technical support for the verification of the later cold seep flux inversion method and the establishment of the cold seep bubble acoustic scattering model.

[0021] In addition, the following characteristics also exist in the specific design of the system:

[0022] (1) The height of bubble generation is controllable, and the accurate simulation of gas leakage;

[0023] Relying on the underwater bubble generation module of the system, through technical means such as combined nozzles, high-precision gas flow control, and large-capacity gas source supply, with the help of the deck control unit, various experimental parameters such as the particle size, density, and flow rate of the artificially generated bubbles can be set and adjusted, and the subsea gas leakage scenario in the field real environment can be reproduced to the greatest extent, improving the simulation accuracy.

[0024] (2) The comprehensive acquisition of bubble images and the accurate extraction of bubble characteristics;

[0025] With the help of an underwater high-brightness LED light source and a high-resolution imaging camera, through dual-field underwater synchronous shooting, it is possible to comprehensively and continuously obtain high-resolution image data of underwater bubbles. Combined with corresponding digital image processing techniques, it is possible to comprehensively obtain morphological characteristics such as bubble diameter and volume, and dynamic characteristics such as bubble rising speed and acceleration, providing data support for the study of submarine gas leakage.

[0026] (3) Modular integration of system loads, significantly improving the system application scenarios and application convenience

[0027] Functional modules such as the bubble generation module and the bubble observation module are all designed modularly and can be used independently. Therefore, this system can also be used alone as an underwater bubble generator or an underwater dual-view imaging system, which will significantly increase the application scenarios of the device and the convenience of daily maintenance; with the help of a highly redundant underwater release technology, it is possible to ensure the reliable recovery of the equipment and realize the recycling of the device. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the gas leakage simulation device according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas leakage simulation device without a protective cover;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bubble observation module according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a distribution diagram of the control link of the simulation system according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the combined gas nozzle according to the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0033] In order to be able to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to fully understand the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0034] This embodiment provides a submarine cold seep gas leakage simulation system, which includes a gas leakage simulation device and a deck control unit. The gas leakage simulation device includes a bubble generation module, a bubble observation module, and an energy and control module. The bubble generation module is used to generate bubbles at a position near the seabed under conditions such as different particle size distributions, densities, flow rates, and durations. The bubble observation module is used to obtain dual-view image data of submarine gas leakage presented in the form of bubbles. The energy and control module is used for the operation control of the system and the processing of observation data. The deck control unit is used to configure tasks for the underwater gas leakage simulation device, read the data of underwater sensors loaded on the device, and monitor the operating states of each module of the device.

[0035] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the gas leakage simulation device further includes a loading platform 1, a self-stabilizing platform 2, and a counterweight 3. The loading platform 1 is arranged above the self-stabilizing platform 2, and the counterweight 3 is arranged below the self-stabilizing platform 2. The self-stabilizing platform 2 is driven by a servo motor and realizes adjustments such as azimuth, pitch, and roll through three-axis control. The bubble generation module, the bubble observation module, and the energy and control module are all fixedly arranged on the loading platform 1. The loading platform 1 and the self-stabilizing platform 2 are connected by a release device 5, and the release device 5 is mainly used to discard the counterweight 3 when recovering the gas leakage simulation device.

[0036] In addition, a protective cover 4 is also arranged above the loading platform 1, which is used to provide necessary buoyancy when recovering the gas leakage simulation device. The protective cover 4 uses GFC solid buoyancy material GFC-500, with a hydrostatic pressure resistance strength of 50 MPa and a safe operating water depth of 4000 meters. This solid buoyancy material is mainly a light composite material based on thermosetting resin, added with hollow glass microspheres, curing agents, stabilizers, and other additives, and cured and formed.

[0037] The bubble generation module is used to generate bubbles under different working conditions, including equipment such as a high-pressure gas cylinder 11, a gas mass flow controller, a combined nozzle 12, and a gas pipeline. The high-pressure gas cylinder 11 is used to supply the gas required for bubble generation. As Figure 5As shown in the figure, the combined nozzle 12 is composed of a nozzle disc and nozzles. A number of hole positions are provided on the nozzle disc for the installation and fixation of the nozzles. A number of spray holes are provided on the nozzles. The aperture of the spray holes is set according to the statistical model of the cold seep bubble size distribution to ensure that the size distribution of the generated bubbles conforms to that of the cold seep bubbles in the real field environment. An air inlet is provided at the bottom of each nozzle. The gas pipeline is a composite pipeline, including an inlet and a number of outlets. The inlet of the gas pipeline is connected to a high-pressure gas cylinder, and each outlet of the gas pipeline is connected to the air inlet of each nozzle. The gas mass flow controller controls the outlet gas flow of the high-pressure gas cylinder 11 and the gas flow of each branch in the gas pipeline in a pre-programmed manner to achieve the demand-based and stable overflow of gas from each spray hole of the combined nozzle. Since one of the functions of this device is to study the cold seep gas overflow flux inversion method, the set flow rate of the gas mass flow controller can be used for the verification of the cold seep gas overflow flux inversion results in the later stage. In addition, a pressure controller is also provided at the outlet of the high-pressure gas cylinder to adjust parameters such as the bubble size, density, and flow rate in combination with the gas mass flow controller to meet the requirements of the experimental conditions.

[0038] When generating bubbles, different working conditions will correspond to different parameter indicators such as the initial size of the bubbles, the overflow flow rate, and the overflow bubble density. The gas source required for bubble generation is supplied by the high-pressure gas cylinder 11. The high-pressure gas cylinder 11 uses a high-strength pressure-resistant steel cylinder (φ160×700mm). According to the design requirements of a working water depth of 2000m, it is required to meet an external pressure resistance > 20 MPa. During the operation of the high-pressure gas cylinder 11, it is controlled by the energy and control module. Considering aspects such as experimental safety and potential gas oxidation during underwater overflow, the experimental gas selected in this embodiment is the stable gas Ar. During the experiment, the gas overflow flow rate is controlled by a programmable gas mass flow controller. Considering the actual requirements of the field experiment, the flow conditions during a single system lowering are planned to be no less than 3, and the specific flow rates are planned to be 1000 / 2000 / 3000 ml / min. The gas leakage duration during a single system lowering is not less than 30 minutes. Accordingly, the total capacity of the high-pressure gas cylinder is not less than 10L; in addition, as Figure 5 shown, the number of nozzles can be selected from 1 to 9. Each nozzle is provided with 5 gas spray holes. That is, in the full configuration case, 45 gas spray holes can be arranged on a plane of 300mm×300mm. According to the size of the cold seep bubbles in the real environment (5 - 12mm), the diameter of a single spray hole can be set between 5 - 10mm.

[0039] The bubble observation module is mainly used for in-situ observation of bubbles in the initial overflow stage to completely obtain high-resolution image data of the generated bubbles, which can be used for the extraction of bubble diameters, thereby improving the accuracy of bubble simulation. The bubble observation module includes devices such as a transparent observation chamber 21 (pressure-resistant and light-transmissive cabin), an underwater camera 22, and an underwater light source 23. Among them, the transparent observation chamber 21 is square and open at both the upper and lower ends. The underwater camera 22 and the underwater light source 23 are arranged opposite to each other. In this device, there are two pairs of cameras and light sources, and the two cameras are orthogonally arranged to ensure the integrity of bubble image acquisition and provide data support for the subsequent three-dimensional reconstruction of bubbles. Since one of the functions of this device is to obtain the acoustic scattering characteristic laws of bubbles in different overflow states and then establish an acoustic scattering characteristic model of submarine cold seeps, and the acoustic scattering characteristics of bubbles are closely related to factors such as bubble size and bubble quantity. Therefore, the bubble diameters and bubble quantities obtained by the bubble observation module will provide data support for the establishment of the subsequent cold seep bubble acoustic scattering model.

[0040] The combined nozzle 12 is arranged at the bottom of the cabin 21, and the underwater camera 22 and the underwater light source 23 are arranged on the side of the cabin 21. Moreover, the underwater camera 22 and the underwater light source 23 are arranged opposite to each other. Continuous frame pictures of bubbles in the initial overflow stage are obtained through the underwater camera 22, which is convenient for the subsequent extraction of characteristic parameters such as bubble morphology, particle size distribution, and rising speed by means of digital image processing. Among them, the cabin 21 is made of a pressure-resistant material with good light transmittance, the upper end of the cavity is open, and the lower end is the combined nozzle 12.

[0041] In order to obtain bubble images more comprehensively, a dual-camera orthogonal shooting method is used to synchronously observe bubbles, and the imaging light source 23 and the high-speed camera 22 are arranged opposite to each other. Since the equipment operates underwater, the camera and the imaging light source need to be encapsulated. In order to prevent abnormal shooting angles caused by uneven bottom surfaces when the device touches the bottom, the self-stabilizing platform equipped with the system can ensure the shooting quality of bubbles. In addition, in order to achieve synchronous shooting, a high-precision synchronous controller is used to trigger and control the camera.

[0042] During the shooting process, each camera shoots synchronously at a speed not lower than 30fps. In this embodiment, the vertical height of the cabin 21 is about 30 cm. Calculated at an underwater bubble rising speed of ~20 cm / s, the capture times of a single bubble will be no less than 30 times, which can meet the needs of bubble characteristic extraction.

[0043] The energy and control module is mainly used for the operation control and observation data processing of the system, including the underwater sealed cabin 9 and the lithium battery pack in the cabin, the system operation control unit, the data acquisition unit, etc. The system operation control unit realizes the system underwater autonomous operation, bubble feature extraction and three-dimensional reconstruction and other processing. The electronic components involved in this embodiment are all arranged in the underwater sealed cabin 9, wherein the lithium battery pack supplies power to the underwater camera, underwater light source, gas mass flow controller, various sensors, and the system operation control unit and data acquisition unit in the system. Since the submarine cold spring gas leakage simulation system adopts a cable-free underwater autonomous operation mode, the system operation process execution and the power supply of each system equipment will be processed by the energy and control module.

[0044] In order to facilitate the correlation analysis between the bubble simulation conditions of the submarine cold spring gas leakage simulation system and the sea surface acoustic detection data, the simulation system uses a high-precision timer to keep the data synchronized with the sea surface acoustic detection. At the same time, during the test, the energy and control module will obtain the flow field information and water depth information of the deployment area in real time for subsequent data processing.

[0045] In specific use, the test conditions for a single launch of the system are first set through the external terminal, and the process is started before the launch; afterwards, from the launch to the recovery period, the system operates autonomously, and the camera, flow controller, current meter, pressure sensor, etc. are synchronously controlled by the synchronization trigger. The pictures taken by the camera are saved in the camera's built-in memory card, and the real-time monitoring data of each sensor is stored by the control module; after the system is recovered, the test data is read through the external terminal, and the system operation status is tested.

[0046] In addition, the cold spring gas leakage simulation system described in this embodiment is also designed with a system auxiliary module, including a pressure sensor 6 and a single-point current meter 7 for obtaining test environment data, a combined float for system recovery, a counter for bubble auxiliary shooting (to prevent frame loss), a calibration plate (calibration), a light source diffusion plate (uniform light source), etc. At the same time, the installation positions of sensors such as methane sensors and ADCP can be reserved on the system loading platform 1 to prepare for the needs of subsequent experiments.

[0047] This embodiment is based on the bubble characteristics of real submarine cold springs, and develops a cold spring bubble simulation device for use in a real submarine environment. During use, the system will adopt a fixed-point deployment method on the sea surface (hanging ring 8), and the system's own pressure sensor 6 will monitor the diving process in real time. After touching the bottom, the system will operate autonomously according to the pre-set process. After a single experiment is completed, the system is recovered by a combined float combined with a protective cover to achieve recycling. In addition, the pre-programmed working method can, on the one hand, autonomously realize the artificial generation of bubbles under different preset working conditions underwater, and at the same time, through the underwater visualization equipment carried by the system itself, it can observe the bubbles in the initial overflow stage in situ. The combined application of this device and the sea surface walking acoustic detection can obtain the acoustic scattering characteristics of bubbles under different overflow states, providing technical support for the establishment of a submarine cold spring acoustic scattering characteristic model and the verification of the cold spring gas overflow flux inversion method.

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the technical content disclosed above to change or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes and apply it to other fields. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A subsea cold seep gas leakage simulation system, comprising a gas leakage simulation device and a deck control unit connected by communication; characterized in that, The gas leakage simulation device includes a bubble generation module, a bubble observation module, and an energy and control module; The bubble generation module is used for generating bubbles under different working conditions. The bubble observation module is used for in-situ observation of the bubbles to collect bubble image information. The energy and control module is used for system operation control and observation data processing. The deck control unit is used for task configuration of the gas leakage simulation device, reading the underwater sensor data loaded in the device, and monitoring the operation status of each module of the device; The bubble generation module includes a high-pressure gas cylinder (11), a gas mass flow controller, a combined nozzle (12), and a gas pipeline. The high-pressure gas cylinder (11) is used for supplying the gas required for bubble generation. The gas pipeline is a composite pipeline, the inlet of which is connected to the high-pressure gas cylinder (11). Each outlet of the gas pipeline is connected to the air inlet of each nozzle on the combined nozzle (12). The gas mass flow controller controls the outlet gas flow of the high-pressure gas cylinder (11) and the gas flow of each branch in the gas pipeline in a pre-programmed manner to realize the on-demand and stable overflow of gas in each spray hole of the combined nozzle; The gas leakage simulation device further includes a loading platform (1), a self-stabilizing platform (2), and a counterweight (3). The loading platform (1) is arranged above the self-stabilizing platform (2), and the counterweight (3) is arranged below the self-stabilizing platform (2). The self-stabilizing platform (2) is driven and controlled by a servo motor to realize azimuth, pitch, and roll adjustment. The bubble generation module, the bubble observation module, and the energy and control module are all fixedly arranged on the loading platform (1). The loading platform (1) and the self-stabilizing platform (2) are connected by a release device (5), and the release device (5) is used for discarding the counterweight (3) when recovering the gas leakage simulation device.

2. The submarine cold seep gas leakage simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bubble observation module includes a transparent observation chamber (21), an underwater camera (22), and an underwater light source (23). The upper and lower ends of the transparent observation chamber (21) are open, and the combined nozzle (12) is arranged at the bottom. The underwater camera (22) and the underwater light source (23) are oppositely arranged on the side of the transparent observation chamber (21).

3. The submarine cold seep gas leakage simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combined nozzle (12) includes a nozzle disc and nozzles. A number of hole positions are arranged on the nozzle disc, and the nozzles are fixedly installed at the hole positions. The bottom of each nozzle is provided with an air inlet. A number of spray holes are arranged on the nozzles, and the aperture of the spray holes is set according to the statistical model of the cold seep bubble particle size distribution to ensure that the particle size distribution of the generated bubbles conforms to that of the cold seep bubbles in the field real environment.

4. The submarine cold seep gas leakage simulation system according to claim 2, wherein: The energy and control module includes an underwater sealed cabin and a lithium battery pack, a system operation control unit, and a data acquisition unit arranged in the cabin to realize the underwater autonomous operation of the system. The lithium battery pack supplies power to the underwater camera (22), the underwater light source (23), the gas mass flow controller, each sensor, and the system operation control unit and the data acquisition unit.

5. The submarine cold seep gas leakage simulation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cold seep gas leakage simulation system is also designed with a system auxiliary module, including a pressure sensor (6) and a single-point current meter (7) for obtaining test environment data, a combined buoy for system recovery, a counter for bubble-assisted photography, and a variety of sensor mounts provided on the loading platform (1). The variety of sensors include a methane sensor and an ADCP sensor.

6. The submarine cold seep gas leakage simulation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective cover (4) is also provided above the loading platform (1). The protective cover (4) is made of solid buoyancy material and is used to provide buoyancy when recovering the gas leakage simulation device.

7. The submarine cold seep gas leakage simulation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transparent observation chamber (21) is square and made of light-transmitting and pressure-resistant material.

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