A design method of a ship bow workpiece and a ship

Abstract

The application provides a ship bow workpiece design method and a ship, and the design method comprises the following steps: S1, expressing the structure of the ship bow by a transverse section, a longitudinal section and a horizontal section, and determining the structure line type of the ship bow; S2, establishing an operation benchmark for judging the narrow space construction of the ship bow; S3, determining the boundary of the narrow space in the transverse section and the horizontal section; S4, determining the intersection point of the boundary and the hull plate, and determining the spline curve of the workpiece according to the intersection point; S5, establishing the hollowing benchmark inside the workpiece according to the spline curve, hollowing the inside of the workpiece, and completing the design of the workpiece. The ship bow workpiece manufactured by the design method of the application meets the dual standards of structural lightweight and structural strength, especially in the case of the ship bow workpiece being a cast steel piece, the weight of the ship bow is greatly reduced, the transportation cost of the ship is reduced, and the transportation efficiency of the ship is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of shipbuilding, and particularly relates to a design method of a bow part workpiece of a ship and the ship. BACKGROUND

[0002] During the sailing process of the ship, the bow part of the ship is the structure located at the front end of the ship, and bears the maximum water pressure, wave impact force and external collision force. On the one hand, the bow stem of the ship needs to have sufficient rigidity and strength to ensure the structural stability of the ship to cope with large water flow impact; on the other hand, in order to ensure good rapidity, the bow part of the ship generally adopts a small angle of the plate structure, which is beneficial to reducing the ship resistance for some ships with requirements on the sailing speed.

[0003] During the shipbuilding process, the above factors need to be considered to design the bow part workpiece of the ship. Due to the bow line design, the cross-sectional shape of the bow platform and the transverse section is thin, which causes limited construction space and difficult construction. In order to ensure the strength of the bow structure, the workpiece is usually used as the construction material of the bow stem of the ship. The workpiece is usually a solid iron piece, which brings the problems of large structure weight and load while meeting the structural requirements. In order to achieve the purpose of lightweight of the ship, improve the transportation efficiency of the ship and reduce the energy consumption cost, the design range of the workpiece needs to be controlled so as to reduce the total weight of the workpiece used to meet the criteria of the construction of the bow part in all narrow spaces, so as to improve the sailing efficiency of the whole ship. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a design method of a bow part workpiece of a ship and the ship, which is used to solve the problem that the lightweight degree of the existing bow part workpiece of the ship is low, the structural strength is poor, and the structural lightweight and structural strength design factors cannot be balanced at the same time.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose and other related purposes, the present application provides a design method of a bow part workpiece of a ship, which comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1: expressing the structure of the bow part of the ship by a transverse section, a longitudinal section and a horizontal section respectively, and determining the structure line type of the bow part of the ship;

[0007] S2: establishing an operation criterion for determining the construction of the narrow space of the bow part of the ship;

[0008] S3: determining the boundary of the narrow space in the transverse section and the horizontal section;

[0009] S4: determining the intersection point of the boundary and the hull plate, and determining the spline curve of the workpiece according to the intersection point;

[0010] S5: Establishing a hollowing reference inside the workpiece according to the spline curve, hollowing the inside of the workpiece, and completing the design of the workpiece.

[0011] In one embodiment, in step S1,

[0012] The cross section and cross section span of the transverse section take the rib position and rib position spacing as the cross section reference;

[0013] The cross section span of the horizontal section takes the ship deck and ship platform as the cross section reference;

[0014] The longitudinal section is the mid-longitudinal section of the bow workpiece of the ship.

[0015] In one embodiment, in step S2,

[0016] The working reference includes the limit construction width W min And the minimum boundary length L min of the longitudinal section.

[0017] In one embodiment, in step S3,

[0018] According to the working reference determined in S2, the area with a size smaller than the working reference is determined as the internal boundary of the narrow space of the horizontal section and the transverse section.

[0019] In one embodiment, step S3 includes the step of excluding part of the narrow space: according to the narrow space obtained in step S2, the longitudinal dimension of the narrow space is smaller than Li area does not belong to narrow space, wherein Li is a longitudinal optimization parameter.

[0020] In one embodiment, in step S4,

[0021] The spline curve is provided with a circular arc transition at the corner, and the corner is provided with an avoidance distance from the internal member of the ship.

[0022] In one embodiment, the radius of the circular arc transition is not less than 200 mm; the avoidance distance is set to 200 mm to 300 mm.

[0023] In one embodiment, in step S5, the hollowing reference includes a hollowing angle reference a and a hollowing depth reference D, wherein,

[0024] The selection range of the hollowing angle reference a is 15° to 25°;

[0025] The selection of the hollowing depth reference D is based on the size of the horizontal and vertical straight sections after hollowing, which is 50 mm to 150 mm.

[0026] In one embodiment, in the first hollowed-out area of ​​the bow section workpiece of the ship, the hollowed-out angle reference α is symmetrically arranged above and below with the horizontal connecting plate between adjacent hollowed-out areas as the center plane;

[0027] In the second hollowed-out area of ​​the bow section of the ship, the hollowed-out angle reference α is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the vertical connecting plate between adjacent hollowed-out areas as the center plane.

[0028] This application also provides a ship, including a bow section, which is designed and completed according to the design method for the bow section as described above.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided in this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The design method for the bow section of a ship in this application optimizes the workpiece design process by expressing the structure of the bow section from multiple directions, including transverse, longitudinal, and horizontal sections, to obtain a precise linear structure; it establishes operational benchmarks for construction in confined spaces, reasonably predicts the operating area, and facilitates the subsequent construction and installation of the bow section workpiece; it determines the boundaries of the confined spaces using transverse and horizontal sections, and determines the spline curve of the workpiece using the intersection points of the boundaries and the hull plating, and fits the spline curve to avoid sharp corners or interference, thus better conforming to the ship's design; it establishes a hollowing benchmark inside the workpiece based on the spline curve, and performs weight reduction processing on the workpiece based on the hollowing benchmark, effectively reducing the weight of the workpiece while meeting the benchmarks for construction in all confined spaces of the bow section.

[0031] 2. Ships using the bow section completed by the design method of this application simultaneously meet the dual standards of lightweight structure and structural strength. In particular, for the case where the bow section of the ship is made of cast steel, the hollow design greatly reduces the weight of the bow section, reduces the transportation cost of the ship, and improves the transportation efficiency of the ship. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the design method of this application;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a component at the bow of a ship.

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of the image;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a front view of a component at the bow of a ship.

[0036] Figure 5 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross-section along FRc;

[0037] Figure 6 As Figure 2 A cross-sectional view along Z4;

[0038] Figure 7 A schematic view of the workpiece structure after being designed by the present application.

[0039] Explanation of reference signs:

[0040] 1. Workpiece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail by specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and principles of the present application from the disclosure. The present application can also be implemented or applied by other different specific embodiments, and various modifications or changes can be made to the details in the specification without departing from the spirit of the present application.

[0042] It should be noted that the diagrams provided in the present embodiment only illustrate the basic concept of the present application in a schematic manner, and only the components related to the present application are shown in the diagrams, not the number, shape and size of the components when actually implemented. The actual implementation of each component may be a random change in the number, shape and size, and the layout of the components may be more complex.

[0043] For the convenience of description, the coordinate system is defined as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4 The xy plane is defined as the horizontal cross-sectional plane, the xz plane is defined as the transverse cross-sectional plane, and the yz plane is defined as the longitudinal cross-sectional plane. The x-axis direction indicates the transverse direction, the y-axis direction indicates the longitudinal direction, and the z-axis direction indicates the vertical direction.

[0044] The present embodiment discloses a design method for a bow workpiece of a ship, as shown in Figure 1 The design method comprises the following steps:

[0045] S1: Expressing the structure of the bow of the ship by transverse cross section, longitudinal cross section and horizontal cross section respectively, and determining the structure line type of the bow of the ship;

[0046] S2: Establishing the operation criterion for judging the narrow space construction of the bow of the ship;

[0047] S3: Determining the boundary of the narrow space in the transverse cross section and the horizontal cross section;

[0048] S4: Determining the intersection point of the boundary and the outer plate of the ship body, and determining the spline curve of the workpiece according to the intersection point;

[0049] S5: Establishing the hollowing criterion inside the workpiece according to the spline curve, hollowing the inside of the workpiece, and completing the design of the workpiece.

[0050] In the above implementation process, the application provides a design method of a bow part workpiece of a ship. By optimizing a workpiece design process, the structure of the bow part of the ship is expressed in multiple directions of a transverse cross section, a longitudinal cross section and a horizontal cross section to obtain an accurate linear structure; an operation benchmark for narrow space construction is established to reasonably predict an operation area, facilitating the construction and installation of the bow part workpiece in the later period; the boundary of the narrow space is determined in the transverse cross section and the horizontal cross section, the spline curve of the workpiece is determined by the intersection of the boundary and the outer plate of the ship body, and the spline curve is fitted to avoid structural sharp corners or interference and better fit the ship type design; the hollowing benchmark inside the workpiece is established, and the workpiece is subjected to weight reduction treatment according to the hollowing benchmark, so that the weight of the workpiece is effectively reduced on the basis of meeting the benchmarks for the construction of all narrow spaces of the bow part, the load of the ship in motion is reduced, and the ship transportation efficiency is improved.

[0051] In an optional implementation, in step S1, the cross section positions of the transverse cross section, the cross section and the longitudinal cross section are reasonably limited to meet the requirements of reducing the number of cross sections as much as possible on the basis of obtaining the accurate linear structure of the bow part of the ship, and to achieve the minimum calculation amount, specifically,

[0052] The cross section and the cross section span of the transverse cross section take the rib position and the rib position spacing as the cross section benchmark, that is, the cross section positions of the transverse cross section correspond to the number and positions of the ship ribs one by one, and the obtained transverse cross section data can reflect the vertical linear structure of the key position of the ship;

[0053] The cross section span of the horizontal cross section takes the ship deck and the ship platform as the cross section benchmark, that is, the cross section positions of the horizontal cross section correspond to the number and positions of the multiple decks of the ship body and the multiple platforms between the decks one by one, and the obtained horizontal cross section data can reflect the transverse linear structure of the key position of the ship;

[0054] The longitudinal cross section is the center longitudinal cross section of the bow part workpiece of the ship, that is, the center surface of the bow part workpiece of the ship is taken as the longitudinal cross section.

[0055] Taking the bow part cast steel piece design of an LNG ship as an example, referring to Figure 2 : First, the bow part structure of the LNG ship is expressed in the transverse cross section, the longitudinal cross section and the horizontal cross section according to the linear type of the bow part structure of the LNG ship; Figure 2 is a side view cross section schematic diagram of the ship, and only the structure of the slim area of the bow part of the ship is shown. First, the approximate range of the Z value of the platform and the deck in the slim area is determined as Z max to Z min , so as to obtain the position of the horizontal cross section; secondly, the range of each rib position in the slim area is determined as FRa to FRh; finally, the cross section diagram of the corresponding positions of all the platforms, the decks and the rib positions in the area is obtained.

[0056] In an alternative embodiment, in step S2, the operation reference of the narrow space of the bow of the ship is determined to include at least the limit construction width W min and the minimum boundary length L of the longitudinal section min The limit construction width W min is determined according to the passable width of the construction personnel min The limit construction width W min is the minimum width that can ensure normal operation of the construction personnel min The minimum boundary length L is determined according to the operability of the butt joint of the cast steel part and the main hull structure and the strength of the cast steel part min The minimum boundary length L is a limiting parameter that ensures the strength of the workpiece structure of the bow of the ship, and facilitates welding of the workpiece and the main hull.

[0057] Taking the design of the cast steel part of the bow of the LNG ship as an example, the narrow space is determined by the reference that an adult male wearing a safety helmet can work, and the limit construction width W min is set to 400 mm, and the minimum boundary length L of the longitudinal section of the cast steel part is set to 400 mm to ensure the strength of the cast steel part of the LNG ship.

[0058] It should be understood that the limit construction width W min is not a specific value of 400 mm as the operation reference for determining the narrow space, and the limit construction width W min may be any value between 400 mm and 600 mm, such as 400 mm, 450 mm, 500 mm, 550 mm, 600 mm, etc., according to different ship types and different construction states. Similarly, the minimum boundary length L of the longitudinal section min may also vary according to the size, material and structure of the workpiece of the bow of the ship.

[0059] In an alternative embodiment, in step S3, the region with a size smaller than the operation reference determined in S2 is determined as the internal boundary of the narrow space of the horizontal section and the transverse section according to the operation reference. For example, when the limit construction width W min = 400 mm, the boundaries of all horizontal sections of the bow of the ship with a width less than 400 mm are determined, the boundaries of the bow column in the transverse section are determined, and the basic range of the narrow space is determined.

[0060] In the above implementation process, considering the length of the arm of the operator during construction and other factors, even if some areas meet the preliminary judgment principle of narrow space, in actual operation, the area does not cause the construction to be impossible due to the narrow space, and the part of the narrow space that meets the actual construction requirement is removed to optimize the judgment standard. Therefore, step S3 further includes a step of excluding part of the narrow space: according to the range of the basic area of the narrow space obtained in step S2, it is determined that the longitudinal dimension of the narrow space is less than Li area does not belong to the narrow space, Li is a longitudinal optimization parameter, Li is preset with reference to the arm span length of the operator.

[0061] Continuing to take the bow cast steel part of the LNG ship as an example, according to the criterion for judging the narrow space construction operation and the minimum boundary length L min Determine the boundary points of the workpiece. According to the size checking of each transverse section, longitudinal section and horizontal section, the limit construction width W min = 400mm, the minimum boundary length L min = 400mm is taken as an example, for all the boundaries of the horizontal plane of the bow of the ship with a width less than 400mm, the boundaries of the transverse section with the transverse width of the bow column less than 400mm, and the minimum boundary length of the mid-longitudinal section of the workpiece is 400mm, the range of Z value of the horizontal section of the workpiece is finally determined as Z0 to Z7, see Figure 2 , the rib position range of the transverse section is FRa+400 (i.e. between FRa and FRb) to FRf+300 (i.e. between FRf and FRg), and the accurate judgment process of the range of the narrow space is completed.

[0062] In an alternative embodiment, in step S4, the intersection points of the boundaries and the hull plating are determined, all the intersection points are linearly fitted to form a smooth spline curve, i.e. the spline curve of the workpiece. The spline curve is smoothly treated at each corner to avoid stress concentration structures such as sharp corners, and a distance is provided between each corner and the internal member of the ship to prevent interference between the workpiece and the internal member of the ship during construction, which causes the workpiece to be unable to be installed in place.

[0063] In the above implementation process, the transition arc radius of the smooth treatment is limited, and the arc radius is usually not less than 200mm; the avoidance distance is set to 200mm to 300mm.

[0064] Continuing to take the bow cast steel part of the LNG ship as an example, the intersection points of each boundary and the hull plating are determined, all the points are linearly fitted to form a smooth spline curve, and the spline curve is arc transition at all corners with an arc radius not less than 200mm. See Figure 2To ensure the structural strength of the bending position at the top of the workpiece, the radius of the arc at Z7 can be greater than the average value, for example, 250 mm; for the bending position in the middle of the workpiece, the corner radius on the platform at Z4 can be further increased, for example, 300 mm. According to the different requirements of the line structure and bearing strength at each bending position, the radius of the arc can be set to different values, for example, the corner radius at the platform below Z2 is 200 mm, and the corner radius at Y FRd is 350 mm. In addition, all the corners need to avoid the internal components of the ship body, and the conventional avoidance distance is 200-300 mm, see Figure 2 , the avoidance distance of the components at Z7 is 200 mm, and for other bending positions of the workpiece, the avoidance distance of the components at Z4 is 300 mm, the avoidance distance of the components at Z2 is 250 mm, and the avoidance distance of the components at Y FRd is 250 mm. According to the further optimized spline curve, the boundary of the workpiece is determined again.

[0065] In an alternative embodiment, in step S5, the hollowing reference at least includes the determination of the angle parameter and the depth parameter: the hollowing angle reference a and the hollowing depth reference D, see Figures 2-3 , wherein,

[0066] The selection range of the hollowing angle reference a is 15-25°. To ensure the overall strength of the cast steel part, the hollowing angle reference a should not be too small, otherwise sharp corners are likely to be produced after hollowing. On the basis of meeting the strength requirement, the principle is to hollow the cast steel part to the maximum extent;

[0067] The selection of the hollowing depth reference D is based on the size of the horizontal and vertical straight sections after hollowing, which is 50-150 mm. To avoid producing sharp corners after hollowing, the hollowing depth reference D can be selected to be a smaller value than W min , to ensure the structural strength.

[0068] In the above implementation process, see Figure 2The hollowed-out region is divided into a first hollowed-out region and a second hollowed-out region, so as to facilitate the design of the hollowed-out structure parameters; in the first hollowed-out region of the bow workpiece of the ship, the hollowed-out angle reference α is symmetrically arranged on the center plane of the horizontal connecting plate between adjacent hollowed-out regions, and the first hollowed-out region includes a horizontal hollowed-out region and a region above the horizontal hollowed-out region; it can be understood that, according to the principle of classification according to the types of components connected with the ship body, the region connected with the platform and the deck belongs to the first hollowed-out region; in the second hollowed-out region of the bow workpiece of the ship, the hollowed-out angle reference α is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the center plane of the vertical connecting plate between adjacent hollowed-out regions, and the second hollowed-out region includes a region with a longitudinal position change; it can be understood that, according to the principle of classification according to the types of components connected with the ship body, the region connected with the transverse bulkhead belongs to the second hollowed-out region; at the transition between the first hollowed-out region and the second hollowed-out region, the distribution of the hollowed-out angle at the connecting plate can be freely arranged according to the actual form of the structure.

[0069] Continuing to take the design of the bow cast steel piece of the LNG ship as an example, the interior of the workpiece is hollowed out according to the established hollowed-out reference, the cast steel piece is hollowed out to the greatest extent on the basis of ensuring the overall strength of the cast steel piece, the hollowed-out depth is controlled, the hollowed-out depth in the horizontal change region is all selected as 400 mm, in the longitudinal change region, the hollowed-out depth gradually decreases from 250 mm to 100 mm due to the low thickness of the workpiece, the intersection line needs to be rounded, the radius of the intersection line of the conventional horizontal plane is selected as 200 mm, the radius of the intersection line of the transverse section is selected as 50 mm, except that the radius of the intersection line of the horizontal plane in the longitudinal change region is selected as 100 mm due to the small hollowed-out depth, the radius of the intersection line of the horizontal plane in the remaining part is all selected as 200 mm, and the radius of the intersection line of the transverse section is all selected as 50 mm. In the horizontal change region, the cast steel piece is conventionally hollowed out along the two sides of the outer plate inside 10° of the two adjacent horizontal planes along the upper horizontal plane 10° below and the lower horizontal plane 10° above, in this embodiment, Z values of Z6, Z5, Z4, Z3 and Z2 are all hollowed out by using the conventional hollowed-out reference, and Z value of Z1 is hollowed out by using 20° above the plane as the hollowed-out reference due to the intersection angle of the boundary; in the longitudinal change region, the cast steel piece is conventionally hollowed out along the two sides of the outer plate inside 10° of the two adjacent transverse sections along the aft transverse section 10° towards the bow and the bow transverse section 10° towards the aft, in this embodiment, Y values of FRd, FRe and FRf are all hollowed out by using the reference, and the bow boundary is hollowed out 20° towards the aft. The three-dimensional diagram of the bow workpiece model after hollowing is shown in Figure 7 , and thus the design of the bow workpiece of the ship is completed.

[0070] In summary, the application provides a design method of a ship bow workpiece and a ship. The design method is used to guide the determination of the boundary of the cast steel workpiece form workpiece required to be used in the bow of the ship. In the shipbuilding process, the construction requirements are met to ensure the strength of the bow structure, and at the same time, the lightweight index of the ship is achieved, and the weight of the workpiece is reduced. The ship using the bow workpiece completed by the design method of the application meets the dual standards of structural lightweight and structural strength, and the hollow design greatly reduces the weight of the bow of the ship, reduces the transportation cost of the ship, and improves the transportation efficiency of the ship. Therefore, the application effectively overcomes the various shortcomings in the prior art and has a high industrial utilization value.

[0071] The above embodiments only exemplarily illustrate the principles and effects of the application, and are not used to limit the application. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical idea disclosed in the application should be covered by the claims of the application.

Claims

1. A method of designing a ship bow piece, characterized in that, The design method comprises the following steps: S1: express the structure of the bow of the ship in a transverse cross section, a longitudinal cross section and a horizontal cross section, and determine the structure lines of the bow of the ship; S2: establish an operation criterion for determining the narrow space construction of the bow of the ship; S3: determine the boundary of the narrow space in the transverse cross section and the horizontal cross section; S4: determine the intersection point of the boundary and the outer plate of the ship, and determine the spline curve of the workpiece according to the intersection point; S5: establish the hollowing criterion inside the workpiece according to the spline curve, hollow the inside of the workpiece, and complete the design of the workpiece.

2. The method of designing a ship bow piece according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the cross section and cross section span of the transverse cross section take the rib position and rib position spacing as the cross section criterion; the cross section span of the horizontal cross section takes the ship deck and the ship platform as the cross section criterion; the longitudinal cross section is the center longitudinal cross section of the bow workpiece of the ship.

3. The method of designing a ship bow piece according to claim 1, wherein, In step S2, The work reference includes a limit construction width W min and a minimum boundary length L of the longitudinal section min .

4. The method of designing a ship bow piece according to claim 1, wherein In step S3, the region with a size smaller than the operation criterion is determined as the internal boundary of the narrow space of the horizontal cross section and the transverse cross section according to the operation criterion determined in S2.

5. The method of designing a ship bow piece according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step S3 includes the step of excluding part of the narrow space: according to the narrow space obtained in step S2, the narrow space with a longitudinal size less than Li region does not belong to the narrow space, wherein Li is a longitudinal optimization parameter.

6. The method of designing a ship bow piece according to claim 1, wherein, In step S4, the spline curve is provided with a circular arc transition at the corner, and the corner is provided with an avoidance distance from the internal member of the ship.

7. The design method of the bow workpiece of the ship according to claim 6, wherein the circular arc radius of the circular arc transition is not less than 200 mm; the avoidance distance is set to 200 mm to 300 mm.

8. The method of designing a marine bow piece according to claim 1, wherein, In step S5, the hollowing criterion comprises a hollowing angle criterion α and a hollowing depth criterion D, wherein the selection range of the hollowing angle criterion α is 15° to 25°; the selection of the hollowing depth criterion D is based on the size of the horizontal and vertical straight sections after hollowing, which is 50 mm to 150 mm.

9. The design method of the bow workpiece of the ship according to claim 8, wherein in the first hollowing area of the bow workpiece of the ship, the hollowing angle criterion α is symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower center surfaces with the horizontal connecting plate between adjacent hollowing areas as the center; in the second hollowing area of the bow workpiece of the ship, the hollowing angle criterion α is symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the center surface with the vertical connecting plate between adjacent hollowing areas as the center.

10. A vessel, characterized in that The bow workpiece of the ship is designed according to the design method of the bow workpiece of the ship according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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