Fixed bed organic solid waste gasification and carbonization reaction furnace

Abstract

The present application relates to organic solid waste gasification and carbonization technical field, particularly to a fixed bed organic solid waste gasification and carbonization reaction furnace, which comprises a furnace body, a center rotating device, a gas supply device and a carbon outlet device; the top of the center rotating device extends to one side outside the furnace body and is provided with a combustible gas outlet; the top of the furnace body is provided with a feeding port, and the middle of the furnace body is sequentially provided with a reaction zone, an air distribution zone and a discharge zone; the material enters the reaction zone from the feeding port, the center rotating device rotates and compacts to complete drying and pyrolysis, and the gasification agent delivered by the gas supply device in the air distribution zone is subjected to a gasification reaction, the generated combustible gas enters the hollow cylinder through the combustible gas inlet and then leaves from the combustible gas outlet above the furnace body, and the solid product after the reaction enters the discharge zone and is discharged through the carbon outlet device. The present application can make the irregularly shaped organic solid waste evenly heated, improve the gasification effect and increase the gasification efficiency, and can also increase the calorific value of the collected combustible gas; meanwhile, the material can be fully mixed and reacted with the gasification agent, and the material can be conveniently dropped.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic solid waste gasification and carbonization technology, and in particular to a fixed-bed organic solid waste gasification and carbonization reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Organic solid waste refers to valuable organic solid materials generated in production and daily life that are not utilized. Based on their source, they are classified into agricultural organic solid waste, industrial organic solid waste, and municipal organic waste. my country has a high output and large stock of organic solid waste, but its comprehensive utilization rate is low. Organic solid waste gasification, with its wide applicability, technological flexibility, and high efficiency and cleanliness, has become one of the mainstream methods for utilizing organic solid waste, showing broad development prospects. Commonly used gasifiers are mainly fixed-bed and fluidized-bed. In fixed-bed gasifiers, the material remains stationary relative to the gasifying agent when the gasifying agent flows through it. Among existing fixed-bed gasifiers, upward-suction gasifiers produce a high amount of tar, easily causing blockage of the downstream inlet pipe, while downward-suction gasifiers have higher outlet temperatures and higher ash content in the gasified fuel. Furthermore, bulk organic solid waste such as crop straw and medical waste is difficult to process directly in fixed-bed gasifiers due to its irregular shape, high ash content, and high moisture content, and the gasified fuel has a low calorific value, resulting in poor gasification efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems existing in the background technology by proposing a fixed-bed organic solid waste gasification and carbonization reactor.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is a fixed-bed organic solid waste gasification and carbonization reactor, comprising a furnace body, a central rotating device, a gas supply device, and a carbon discharge device;

[0005] The central rotating device is inserted into the furnace body; a combustible gas outlet is provided on the side of the central rotating device that extends outside the furnace body.

[0006] The top of the furnace body is equipped with a feed inlet, and the middle of the furnace body is equipped with a reaction zone, an air distribution zone, and a discharge zone in sequence.

[0007] The gas supply unit is installed in the air distribution area;

[0008] The charcoal discharge device is installed at the bottom of the furnace body;

[0009] The material enters the reaction zone through the feed inlet. The central rotating device rotates and compacts the material to complete the drying and pyrolysis. It then reacts with the gasifying agent supplied by the gas distribution device in the air distribution zone. The resulting combustible gas enters the hollow cylinder through the combustible gas inlet and leaves through the combustible gas outlet at the top of the furnace. The solid products after the reaction enter the discharge zone and are discharged through the charcoal outlet device.

[0010] As a further optimization of the present invention, the central rotating device includes a first motor, a central rotating shaft, a hollow cylinder, a cross beam, and an upper conical grate;

[0011] The hollow cylinder is axially arranged along the central rotating shaft, which is connected to the hollow cylinder by a cross beam. The outer periphery of the hollow cylinder is provided with a first auger blade; a second auger blade is also provided on the central rotating shaft, located below the hollow cylinder; the upper conical grate is provided at the bottom of the central rotating shaft;

[0012] The first motor drives the central shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the hollow cylinder and the first auger blade on its outer side to rotate, causing the organic solid waste material to rotate and complete the feeding and compaction; and drives the second auger blade on its lower outer side to rotate and loosen the material, so that the gasification reaction is more complete and the material falls.

[0013] As a further optimization of the present invention, a combustible gas inlet is provided at the bottom of the hollow cylinder, and the bottom of the cylinder is open; the combustible gas outlet is fixed relative to the furnace body, while the hollow cylinder rotates relative to the furnace body. The combustible gas generated in the reaction zone enters from the combustible gas inlet and exits from the combustible gas outlet, thereby improving the quality of the combustible gas and reducing the formation of tar.

[0014] As a further optimization of the present invention, baffles are evenly arranged around the outer side of the upper conical grate.

[0015] As a further optimization of the present invention, the bottom of the central rotating shaft is connected to the upper conical grate, driving the upper conical grate and the baffles set on its outer side to rotate; so that the surrounding materials and the gasifying agent can fully contact each other and promote the falling of materials. The bottom center of the upper conical grate is concave upward, and the top center of the lower conical grate is convex upward. There is a cavity between the two, so that the gasifying agent can be evenly introduced into the reaction zone through the air inlet pipe from the cavity between the two.

[0016] As a further optimization of the present invention, a first sealing ring is provided at the contact point between the top of the hollow cylinder and the furnace body. A second sealing ring is provided at the connection between the central rotating shaft and the combustible gas outlet.

[0017] As a further optimization of the present invention, the gas supply device is generally conical in shape, and the lower air distribution zone of the reaction zone inside the furnace has a waist-shaped structure, which is beneficial to the falling of materials and their contact with the gasifying agent.

[0018] As a further optimization of the present invention, the outer wall of the furnace body is composed of a fireproof layer and a heat insulation layer; the width of the first auger blade on the outer side of the hollow cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the furnace wall, and the first auger blade is located in the drying layer and pyrolysis layer area within the reaction zone.

[0019] As a further optimization of the present invention, the charcoal discharge device includes a second motor, an auger shaft, auger blades, and an auger cylinder; the second motor is connected to the auger shaft through gears, driving it to rotate the spiral auger blades to discharge the reacted material out of the auger cylinder.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0021] 1. This invention, through the design of the auger blades of the central rotating device inside the furnace, enables the gasifier to process irregularly shaped bulk organic solid waste materials such as crop straw and medical waste. When the material enters the furnace from the feed inlet, the upper first auger blade drives the material to rotate, achieving material distribution and compaction, which can make the material heat evenly, thereby making the drying and pyrolysis more complete, the gasification reaction more uniform, and less likely to cause local agglomeration; the rotation of the lower second auger blade loosens the material and promotes the material to fall.

[0022] 2. This invention, through the design of a hollow cylinder and a central rotating shaft, can collect the combustible gas generated after the gasification of organic solid waste from the center of the gasifier. The lower end of the hollow cylinder is located in the high-temperature material zone, and the tar contained in the combustible gas will undergo further cracking when it passes through the hollow cylinder, thereby greatly reducing the tar content at the gasifier outlet. The bottom of the hollow cylinder is open, which allows a small amount of dust and tar in the combustible gas to fall and exit the furnace with the reacted material.

[0023] 3. The present invention utilizes the design of upper and lower conical grates. The gasifying agent is introduced through the air inlet pipe at the bottom of the furnace body and into the discharge zone. The residual heat of the discharge zone is used to preheat the gasifying agent. The unique design of the upper and lower conical grates allows the gasifying agent to be evenly introduced into the gasification zone, making it less likely to cause blockage of the gasifying agent outlet. At the same time, the rotating design of the upper conical grate and its surface baffles allows the surrounding materials to have more full contact with the gasifying agent, accelerating the entry of the reacted materials into the discharge zone. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the furnace shell of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the central rotating device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the air intake device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon output device of the present invention.

[0029] Reference numerals: 1. Furnace body; 11. Feed inlet; 12. Furnace wall; 13. Reaction zone; 14. Air distribution zone; 15. Discharge zone; 2. Central rotating device; 21. First motor; 22. Central rotating shaft; 23. Hollow cylinder; 24. First auger blade; 25. Upper conical grate; 26. Baffle; 27. Second auger blade; 28. Combustible gas inlet; 29. ​​Cross beam; 3. Gas supply device; 31. Lower conical grate; 32. Gas inlet pipe; 4. Carbon discharge device; 41. Second motor; 42. Auger shaft; 43. Auger blade; 44. Auger cylinder; 5. First sealing ring; 6. Combustible gas outlet; 7. Second sealing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Example

[0031] like Figure 1-5 As shown, the present invention proposes a fixed-bed organic solid waste gasification and carbonization reactor, which includes a furnace body 1, a central rotating device 2, a gas supply device 3, and a carbon discharge device 4.

[0032] The central rotating device 2 is inserted into the furnace body 1; a combustible gas outlet 6 is provided on the side of the central rotating device 2 that extends out of the furnace body 1.

[0033] A feed inlet 11 is provided at the top of the furnace body 1, and a reaction zone 13, an air distribution zone 14, and a discharge zone 15 are arranged sequentially in the middle of the furnace body 1.

[0034] Gas supply device 3 is installed in air distribution area 14;

[0035] The charcoal discharge device 4 is installed at the bottom of the furnace body 1;

[0036] A feed inlet 11 is provided on the top of the furnace body 1. The furnace body 1 is surrounded by a furnace cylinder wall 12. The furnace body 1 is divided into a reaction zone 13, an air distribution zone 14, and a discharge zone 15. The central rotating device 2 is driven by a first motor 21, which is connected to a central rotating shaft 22 via a cylindrical gear. The central rotating shaft 22 is connected to a hollow cylinder 23 via a cross beam 29. A first auger blade 24 is provided on the outer side of the hollow cylinder 23. A combustible gas inlet 28 is provided at the bottom of the cylinder, and the bottom of the cylinder is open. A second auger blade 27 is provided on the outer side of the lower part of the central rotating shaft 22, and an upper cone is provided at the bottom. The upper conical grate 25 has baffles 26 evenly arranged around its outer edge; the lower conical grate 31 below the upper conical grate 25 is connected and fixed to the air inlet pipe 32; the charcoal discharge device 4 is connected to the bottom of the discharge area 15 inside the furnace body 1; the second motor 41 is connected to the auger shaft 42 through gears, driving it to rotate the spiral auger blades 43 to send the reacted material out of the auger cylinder 44 to complete the discharge; a first sealing ring 5 is provided at the contact point between the top of the hollow cylinder 23 and the furnace body 1, and a second sealing ring 7 is provided at the connection point between the central rotating shaft 22 and the combustible gas outlet 6.

[0037] In this embodiment, the outer wall 12 of the furnace body 1 is composed of a fireproof layer and a heat insulation layer to meet the heat insulation effect; a combustible gas outlet 6 is provided at the center of the top of the furnace body 1, the feed inlet 11 and the combustible gas outlet 6 are fixed relative to the furnace body 1, and the central rotating shaft 22 is connected to the upper conical grate 25.

[0038] In this embodiment, the gas supply device 32 is generally conical, and the lower air distribution area 14 of the reaction zone 13 inside the furnace body 1 has a waist-shaped structure; the bottom of the lower conical grate 31 is located above the discharge zone 15, and the top of the upper conical grate 25 is located above the narrowest part of the waist-shaped structure.

[0039] In this embodiment, the through-hole at the bottom of the hollow cylinder 23 and the combustible gas inlet 28 below it should be located in the reduction layer region within the reaction zone 13 to ensure that the collected combustible gas has high quality and calorific value; the width of the first auger blade 24 provided on the outside of the hollow cylinder 23 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the furnace wall 12, and the first auger blade 24 is located in the drying layer and pyrolysis layer region within the reaction zone 13; the first auger blade 24 should have a certain thickness, and the density and mass of the organic solid waste material being processed are relatively small, so when the first auger blade 24 rotates, it can push the material to rotate together and compact it downwards, so that the material is heated evenly and the gasification effect is improved.

[0040] In this embodiment, there is a certain distance between the upper conical grate 25 and the lower conical grate 31. The lower conical grate 31 is connected and fixed to the air inlet pipe 32 at the bottom. The upper conical grate 25 is connected to the central rotating shaft 22 above it and rotates with it. The bottom center of the upper conical grate 25 is concave upwards, and the top center of the lower conical grate 31 is convex upwards. The horizontal height of the convex part of the lower conical grate 31 is higher than the horizontal height of the downward convex part of the upper conical grate 25. The gasifying agent enters the cavity in the middle of the conical grate through the air inlet pipe 32 and enters the reaction zone 13 evenly around the perimeter, where it undergoes a gasification reaction with the material.

[0041] The working principle of this invention is as follows: Organic solid waste material enters the reaction zone 13 through the feed inlet 11. Under the action of the first auger blade 24, the material slowly rotates to complete the distribution and compaction. During this process, the material is uniformly heated and dried and pyrolyzed in the high-temperature environment inside the furnace. Subsequently, the material enters the reduction layer downwards. The gasifying agent enters the cavity between the upper conical grate 25 and the lower conical grate 31 through the gas inlet pipe 32 and enters the reaction zone 13 evenly around the perimeter. It reacts with the material to undergo an oxidation reaction. The gaseous products after the reaction enter the reduction layer upwards to undergo a reduction reaction with the material and generate combustible gas. The combustible gas enters the hollow cylinder 23 through the combustible gas inlet 28 and is discharged from the furnace 1 under the negative pressure of the combustible gas outlet 6. During the reaction, the rotation of the second auger blade 27 ensures that the material reacts more fully with the gasifying agent and is less likely to cause agglomeration. The reacted material enters the discharge zone 15 under the rotation of the second auger blade 27 and the baffle 26 around the upper conical grate 25 and falls into the charcoal discharge device 4. The auger shaft 42 drives the auger blade 43 to rotate and discharge the reacted material from the gasifier.

[0042] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fixed-bed organic solid waste gasification and carbonization reactor, characterized in that, It includes a furnace body (1), a central rotating device (2), a gas supply device (3), and a charcoal outlet device (4). The central rotating device (2) is inserted into the furnace body (1); a combustible gas outlet (6) is provided on the side of the central rotating device (2) that extends out of the furnace body (1); The top of the furnace body (1) is provided with a feed inlet (11), and the middle of the furnace body (1) is provided with a reaction zone (13), an air distribution zone (14) and a discharge zone (15). The gas supply device (3) is installed in the air distribution area (14); The charcoal discharge device (4) is installed at the bottom of the furnace body (1); The material enters the reaction zone (13) through the feed inlet (11). The central rotating device (2) rotates and compacts the material to complete the drying and pyrolysis. The material reacts with the gasifying agent supplied by the gas supply device (3) in the air distribution zone (14). The generated combustible gas enters the hollow cylinder (23) through the combustible gas inlet (28) and then leaves through the combustible gas outlet (6) above the furnace body. The solid product after the reaction enters the discharge zone (15) and is discharged through the charcoal discharge device (4). The central rotating device (2) includes a first motor (21), a central rotating shaft (22), a hollow cylinder (23), a cross beam (29), and an upper conical grate (25); The hollow cylinder (23) is axially arranged along the central rotating shaft (22), which is connected to the hollow cylinder (23) by a cross beam (29); a first auger blade (24) is arranged on the outer periphery of the hollow cylinder (23); a second auger blade (27) is also arranged on the central rotating shaft (22), which is located below the hollow cylinder (23); an upper conical grate (25) is arranged at the bottom of the central rotating shaft (22); The first motor (21) drives the central shaft (22) to rotate, which in turn drives the hollow cylinder (23) and the first auger blade (24) on its outer side to rotate, thereby driving the organic solid waste material to rotate and complete the feeding and compaction; and drives the second auger blade (27) on its lower outer side to rotate and loosen the material, so that the gasification reaction is more complete and the material falls.

2. The fixed-bed organic solid waste gasification and carbonization reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A combustible gas inlet (28) is opened at the bottom of the hollow cylinder (23), and the bottom of the cylinder is open; the combustible gas outlet (6) is fixed relative to the furnace body (1), and the hollow cylinder (23) rotates relative to the furnace body. The combustible gas generated in the reaction zone (13) enters from the combustible gas inlet (28) and exits from the combustible gas outlet (6).

3. A fixed-bed organic solid waste gasification and carbonization reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that: A uniformly arranged baffle (26) is provided on the outer side of the upper conical grate (25).

4. A fixed-bed organic solid waste gasification and carbonization reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the central rotating shaft (22) is connected to the upper conical grate (25), driving the upper conical grate (25) and the baffle (26) set on its outer side to rotate; the bottom center of the upper conical grate (25) is concave upwards, and the top center of the lower conical grate (31) is convex upwards. There is a cavity between the two, so that the gasifying agent can be evenly introduced into the reaction zone (13) through the air inlet pipe (32) from the cavity between the two.

5. A fixed-bed organic solid waste gasification and carbonization reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first sealing ring (5) is provided at the contact point between the top of the hollow cylinder (23) and the furnace body (1).

6. A fixed-bed organic solid waste gasification and carbonization reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, A second sealing ring (7) is provided at the connection between the central rotating shaft (22) and the combustible gas outlet (6).

7. A fixed-bed organic solid waste gasification and carbonization reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The furnace body (1) and the outer furnace cylinder wall (12) are both composed of a fireproof layer and a heat insulation layer; the width of the first auger blade (24) set on the outside of the hollow cylinder (23) is smaller than the inner diameter of the furnace cylinder wall (12), and the first auger blade (24) is located in the drying layer and pyrolysis layer area of ​​the reaction zone (13).

8. A fixed-bed organic solid waste gasification and carbonization reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charcoal discharge device includes a second motor (41), an auger shaft (42), auger blades (43), and an auger cylinder (44). The second motor (41) is connected to the auger shaft (42) through gears, which drives the auger blades (43) to rotate and send the reacted material out of the auger cylinder (44) to complete the discharge.

9. A fixed-bed organic solid waste gasification and carbonization reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas supply device (3) is cone-shaped, and the lower air distribution area (14) of the reaction zone (13) inside the furnace body (1) has a waist-shaped structure.

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