A method for measuring water depth and flow velocity of a spur dike

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for measuring water depth and flow velocity of a spur dike, belonging to the technical field of levee and dike emergency rescue, and its IPC international patent classification numbers are E02B 1 / 00 and E02B 3 / 00. The water depth and flow velocity measuring ship adopted by the present invention includes a buoyancy system, a power system, an overall connection system, an anti-collision system, an anti-overturning water depth calibration system, a flow velocity calibration device, and a flow velocity and water depth remote measurement system. Aiming at the problems existing in the current water depth and flow velocity measurement, manual measurement and automatic measurement are carried out synchronously, making up for the disadvantages that the data of current automatic measurement cannot be calibrated in time, and can quickly and effectively measure the water depth and flow velocity, providing accurate data support for scientific and effective emergency rescue of river regulation projects such as spur dikes in large rivers and has a wide application prospect and great potential for social benefits.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for measuring water depth and flow velocity of a spur dike. The method is applicable to turbulent water environments such as those with tumbling water, dense vortices, and erratic flow direction before spur dikes and other river regulation projects on large rivers. The method can relatively accurately measure water depth and flow velocity. The method belongs to the technical field of emergency rescue of dikes and dams in water conservancy projects, and the IPC international patent classification numbers are E02B 1 / 00 and E02B 3 / 00. Background technology:

[0002] like Figure 1 As shown, spur dikes are a primary form of embankment protection for major rivers. They are the primary structures used in river regulation projects to control river flow and flow, playing a crucial role in protecting embankments and beaches and ensuring flood control. Spur dikes are typically earth-rock structures, with the interior of the dam body constructed of earth, the upper portion of the dam body protected by flat rock, and the base rock providing the spur dike's stability. Water impacting the base rock of a spur dike can cause it to sink or become lost, a primary cause of spur dike failure.

[0003] Especially during flood season, when water inflow is high, the depth of scour in front of the spur dam is large, causing root rocks to sink and lose, directly leading to flat rock collapse, causing the earth dam foundation to be directly eroded by water flow, endangering the safety of the spur dam. It is necessary to take timely and effective measures to carry out emergency rescue to ensure flood control safety. However, to quickly curb the dangerous situation, it is necessary to formulate a feasible and reliable emergency rescue plan. Accurate and timely detection of water depth and flow rate in front of the dangerous spur dam directly affects the scientific rationality of the emergency rescue plan. Therefore, it is crucial to quickly measure the water depth and flow rate in front of the dangerous spur dam to provide accurate data support for scientific and effective spur dam rescue.

[0004] Currently, there are many types of multifunctional water measurement devices. However, the following problems still exist:

[0005] 1. The equipment is too large. This results in poor maneuverability. If the equipment is not controlled carefully, it is very likely to hit the root rocks and flat rocks of the spur dike, causing the danger to escalate. Therefore, it is impossible to conduct near-shore surveys in the narrow space in front of the spur dike.

[0006] Second, the equipment is too small. Smaller equipment is more maneuverable and takes less time to survey. However, it lacks stability and cannot adapt to the harsh water flow conditions in front of the spur dike. For example, a well-known domestic company launched an intelligent unmanned boat to survey the water depth in front of the dam. The boat was highly maneuverable, and its overall equipment and onboard measurement equipment were all at the domestic leading level. However, due to the turbulent waters, dense vortices, and erratic currents in front of the spur dike, the boat was unable to locate and control itself in the turbulent and dangerous waters. Shortly after launching, the unmanned boat drifted downstream. When a tow rope was used for assistance, it was again sucked underwater by the vortex, and the survey mission failed.

[0007] III. It is impossible to verify the measurement results in a timely and effective manner, and the credibility of the measurement results is poor. Water depth measurement is greatly affected by environmental factors such as water temperature and sediment concentration. The Yellow River water itself has a high sediment concentration. During the flood season, the water between spur dikes churns, with numerous vortices and even higher sediment concentration, seriously affecting the accuracy of the measurement results of measuring instruments. During the flood season in 2021, an automatic measuring device once measured the water depth between a spur dike in the Yellow River to be 26 meters, seriously deviating from the actual situation. Therefore, when measuring water depth and flow velocity in different regions and at different times, reliable means should be used to calibrate the measuring instruments first. However, due to the lack of a safe and reliable water surface carrier in front of the damaged spur dike, reliable traditional equipment and means cannot be implemented on the dangerous water surface with rapid flow, and there is no way to calibrate and correct modern measuring instruments, resulting in low credibility of the measurement results of modern measuring instruments for the water depth, flow velocity, etc. in front of the damaged spur dike.

[0008] Therefore, although the multi-functional water measurement device has a high degree of automation, due to the above-mentioned defects, in the practice of flood control and emergency rescue in the Yellow River, traditional methods such as sounding rods and manual probing are still used to measure the water depth and flow velocity in front of the spur dike, and the safety of operators is difficult to guarantee. Summary of the Invention:

[0009] In view of the problems existing in the measurement of the water depth and flow velocity in front of the damaged spur dikes of large rivers and great rivers at present, the present invention adopts a measuring boat with a moderate size, flexible operation, capable of being applicable to the environment with rapid flow, capable of quickly measuring the water depth, flow velocity and verifying and calibrating its accuracy, to achieve the goal of timely providing the data such as the water depth and flow velocity in front of the damaged spur dikes of large rivers and great rivers, and providing timely, accurate and reliable data support for the emergency rescue decision-making. The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0010] A method for measuring the water depth and flow velocity of a spur dike includes the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Prepare the components required for the measuring boat and quickly assemble the components on site;

[0012] The measuring boat includes a buoyancy system, a power system, an overall connection system, an anti-collision system, an anti-overturning water depth calibration system, a flow velocity calibration device and a flow velocity and water depth remote measurement system;

[0013] The buoyancy system is composed of two assault boats, and the overall connection system is composed of several I-beams. The two assault boats are combined into a firm buoyancy system; a metal anti-collision net or rubber tires are surrounded around the buoyancy system and fixedly connected to the overall connection system by bolts to form the anti-collision system;

[0014] The flow velocity and water depth remote measurement system is used to automatically detect the water depth and flow velocity; the flow velocity calibration device is used to manually measure the flow velocity, and the measured flow velocity value is used as the calibration basis for the flow velocity value automatically detected by the flow velocity and water depth remote measurement system;

[0015] The anti-roll water depth calibration system includes a support rod hanger, a telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve, a metal cable, a cable winch, and a metal plumb bob; the support rod hanger is composed of 4 inclined steel pipes, the bottoms of the 4 steel pipes are fixed on the overall connection system, the tops of the 4 steel pipes are fixedly connected to a perforated steel plate, and there is 1 fixed pulley below the perforated steel plate; the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve is located below the fixed pulley, the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve is fixed on the overall connection system by several supports, and the bottom of the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve extends into the water from between the two assault boats; one end of the metal cable is wound on the cable winch, and the other end passes through the fixed pulley, passes through the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve from top to bottom and connects the metal plumb bob.

[0016] Step 2: Stabilize the measurement ship at point A, and use the flow velocity and water depth telemetry system to automatically measure the water depth h at point A 船1 and the flow velocity v at point A 船1 ;

[0017] Step 3: Manually adjust the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve to enter the water to a certain depth, shake the cable winch, extend the water depth of the metal cable until the metal plumb bob touches the bottom, and obtain the water depth h at point A 人1 , and use the flow rate calibration device to manually measure the flow velocity v at point A 人1 ; Operate the measurement ship to change the point 4 times, and obtain h 船2 -h 船5 , v 船2 -v 船5 , h 人2 -h 人5 , v 人2 -v 人5 ;

[0018] Step 4: Draw scatter plots of the relationships between h 船 and h 人 as well as between v 船 and v 人 , and obtain the fitting equations;

[0019] Step 5: Manually retract the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve, shake the cable winch to shorten the metal cable, operate the flow velocity and water depth telemetry system to automatically measure the water depth and flow velocity, and obtain the final measurement results of the water depth and flow velocity according to the established fitting equations.

[0020] A method for measuring water depth and flow velocity of spur dikes according to the present invention proposes reasonable ideas for hull layout and equipment arrangement in view of the existing problems in current water depth and flow velocity measurement, and also proposes the idea of synchronous manual measurement and automatic measurement, making up for the drawback that the current automatic measurement data cannot be calibrated in time. It can quickly and effectively measure water depth and flow velocity, providing accurate data support for scientific and effective emergency rescue of river regulation projects such as spur dikes in large rivers and has broad application prospects and great potential for social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:

[0021] Figure 1 It is a layout and structure schematic diagram of spur dikes in the Yellow River;

[0022] Figure 2 It is the front view of the measuring ship adopted by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is the side view of the measuring ship adopted by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 It is the top view of the measuring ship adopted by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 It is the schematic diagram of water depth calibration of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 It is the schematic diagram of flow velocity calibration of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure, 1 is the buoyancy system, 2 is the power system, 3 is the overall connection system, 4 is the anti-collision system, 5 is the strut hanger, 6 is the anti-overturning water depth calibration system, 7 is the flow velocity calibration device, 8 is the flow velocity and water depth telemetry system, 9 is the perforated steel plate, 10 is the fixed pulley, 11 is the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve, 12 is the metal cable, 13 is the cable winch, and 14 is the metal plumb bob. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:

[0028] In combination with the attached drawings, the present invention will be described in detail.

[0029] The method for measuring water depth and flow velocity of spur dikes according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0030] Step 1: Prepare the components required for the measuring ship and assemble them on-site by quickly bolting the components.

[0031] The measuring ship includes a buoyancy system 1, a power system 2, an overall connection system 3, an anti-collision system 4, an anti-overturning water depth calibration system 6, a flow velocity calibration device 7, and a flow velocity and water depth telemetry system 8.

[0032] The buoyancy system 1 consists of two assault boats. The overall connection system 3 consists of several I-beams and bolts. The two assault boats are combined into a firm buoyancy system 1 by bolt connection, making the overall measurement ship an assembled structure, which is convenient for transportation, assembly and disassembly. A metal anti-collision net or rubber tires are surrounded around the buoyancy system 1 and fixedly connected to the overall connection system 3 by bolts to form the anti-collision system 4.

[0033] The power system 2 includes a driving device arranged at the rear of the two assault boats, and may also include power devices arranged at other positions, such as power devices arranged at the front or side of the assault boats or on the overall connection system, for flexibly adjusting the direction of the measurement ship in the rapids.

[0034] The flow velocity and water depth telemetry system 8 is used to automatically detect the water depth and flow velocity, and various existing remote control measurement devices can be selected, which are not specifically limited in the present invention.

[0035] The flow velocity calibration device 7 is used for manually measuring the flow velocity, and the measured flow velocity value is used as the calibration basis for the flow velocity value automatically detected by the flow velocity and water depth telemetry system 8. The flow velocity calibration device 7 can select various existing manual flow velocity measurement devices, which are not specifically limited in the present invention.

[0036] The anti-roll water depth calibration system 6 includes a support rod hanger 5, a telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve 11, a metal cable 12, a cable winch 13, and a metal plumb bob 14. The support rod hanger 5 is composed of 4 inclined steel pipes. The bottoms of the 4 steel pipes are fixed on the overall connection system 3, and the tops of the 4 steel pipes are fixedly connected to a perforated steel plate 9. A fixed pulley 10 is provided below the perforated steel plate 9. The telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve 11 is located below the fixed pulley 10. The telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve 11 is fixed on the overall connection system 3 by a number of supports. The bottom of the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve 11 extends into the water from between the two assault boats. The metal cable 12 is used to adjust the water depth of the metal plumb bob 14 and manually measure the water depth. The cable winch 13 is used to adjust the water depth of the metal cable 12. One end of the metal cable 12 is wound around the cable winch 13, and the other end bypasses the fixed pulley 10, passes through the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve 11 from top to bottom, and is connected to the metal plumb bob 14. The telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve 11 can be manually adjusted for the water depth and has two functions: one is to improve the anti-roll stability of the measurement ship after entering the water, and the other is to ensure that the metal cable 12 inside the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve 11 is always in a plumb state after extending into the water, avoiding the metal cable 12 from tilting underwater due to the impact of the water flow and reducing the accuracy of manual water depth measurement. The metal cable 12 is marked with scales. During manual measurement, the cable winch 13 is manually shaken to adjust the metal cable 12 so that the metal plumb bob 14 touches the bottom, obtaining the water depth, and this water depth is used as the calibration basis for the water depth automatically detected by the flow velocity and water depth telemetry system 8.

[0037] Step 2: Stabilize the measurement ship at Point A, and use the flow velocity and water depth telemetry system 8 to automatically measure the water depth h at Point A 船1 and the flow velocity v at Point A 船1 ;

[0038] Step 3: Manually adjust the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve 11 to enter the water to a certain depth, shake the cable winch 13, extend the water depth of the metal cable 12 until the metal plumb bob 14 touches the bottom, obtaining the water depth h at Point A 人1 , and use the flow rate calibration device 7 to manually measure the flow velocity v at Point A 人1 . Operate the measurement ship to change the position 4 times, and successively obtain h 船2 -h 船5 , v 船2 -v 船5 , h 人2 -h 人5 , v 人2 -v 人5 .

[0039] Step 4: Plot h 船 versus h 人 and v船 Relationship scatter plot with v 人 is obtained, and the fitting equation is obtained, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 shown. The purpose of calibrating the automatic measurement of water depth and flow velocity in a timely manner is achieved.

[0040] Step Five: Manually retract the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve 11, and shake the cable winch 13 to shorten the metal cable 12. Operate the flow velocity and water depth telemetry system 8 to automatically measure the water depth and flow velocity, and obtain the final measurement results of the water depth and flow velocity according to the established fitting equation. Provide a complete and accurate distribution of the water depth and flow velocity of the spur dike.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the water depth and flow velocity of a spur dike, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the components required for the survey vessel and quickly assemble the components on site; The survey vessel includes a buoyancy system (1), a power system (2), an overall connection system (3), an anti-collision system (4), an anti-overturning water depth calibration system (6), a flow rate calibration device (7), and a flow rate and water depth telemetry system (8); The buoyancy system (1) consists of two assault boats, and the overall connection system (3) consists of several I-beams. Combine the two assault boats into the firm buoyancy system (1); surround the buoyancy system (1) with a metal anti-collision net or rubber tires and fixedly connect them to the overall connection system (3) with bolts to form the anti-collision system (4); The flow rate and water depth telemetry system (8) is used to automatically detect the water depth and flow rate; the flow rate calibration device (7) is used to manually measure the flow rate, and the measured flow rate value is used as the calibration basis for the flow rate value automatically detected by the flow rate and water depth telemetry system (8); The anti-overturning water depth calibration system (6) includes a support rod hanger (5), a telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve (11), a metal cable (12), a cable winch (13), and a metal plumb bob (14); the support rod hanger (5) consists of 4 inclined steel pipes, the bottoms of the 4 steel pipes are fixed on the overall connection system (3), the tops of the 4 steel pipes are fixedly connected to a perforated steel plate (9), and there is 1 fixed pulley (10) below the perforated steel plate (9); the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve (11) is located below the fixed pulley (10), the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve (11) is fixed on the overall connection system (3) with several brackets, and the bottom of the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve (11) extends into the water from between the two assault boats; one end of the metal cable (12) is wound on the cable winch (13), and the other end passes through the fixed pulley (10), passes through the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve (11) from top to bottom and connects the metal plumb bob (14); Step 2: Stabilize the survey vessel at Point A, and use the flow velocity and water depth telemetry system (8) to automatically measure the water depth h at Point A 船1 and the flow velocity v at Point A 船1 ; Step 3: Manually adjust the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve (11) to a certain depth in the water, shake the winch (13), and extend the metal cable (12) to the bottom until the metal plumb bob (14) touches the bottom to obtain the water depth h at point A 人1 , and manually measure the flow velocity v at point A using the flow rate measuring device (7) 人1 ; Operate the survey ship to change the point 4 times, and successively obtain h 船2 -h 船5 , v 船2 -v 船5 , h 人2 -h 人5 , v 人2 -v 人5 ; Step 4: Draw h 船 versus h 人 and v 船 versus v 人 scatter plot and obtain the fitting equation; Step 5: Manually retract the telescopic multi-section steel pipe sleeve (11), shake the cable winch (13) to shorten the metal cable (12), operate the flow rate and water depth telemetry system (8) to automatically measure the water depth and flow rate, and obtain the final measurement results of the water depth and flow rate according to the established fitting equation.

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