Method for preparing patterned liquid metal composite by alternating electric field and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite under an alternating electric field. First, a patterned mask layer is covered on the surface of a substrate. For the copper-containing surface on the exposed area of the substrate, an electrochemical method is used, the copper-containing substrate is used as a working electrode, an inert electrode is used as a counter electrode, and a water-based electrolyte solution is used as a conductive liquid. After liquid metal is dropped on the exposed surface, an alternating electric field is applied. The liquid metal is circulated multiple times to completely fill and cover the patterned area of the exposed substrate, and a patterned liquid metal layer is formed. The application utilizes the alternating electric field to control the alternating oxidation-reduction of the liquid metal, realizes rapid, sufficient and uniform spreading and covering of the liquid metal on the substrate material, and the formed liquid metal pattern has strong adhesion. The liquid metal patterning method has strong controllability and repeatability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of new material preparation and new material application, and specifically relates to a method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material using an alternating electric field and its application. Background Art

[0002] Liquid metal is a special functional liquid material that has fluidity and metallic properties at room temperature. It has properties such as low evaporation rate, low toxicity, high thermal conductivity, and high electrical conductivity. As a patterned conductive and thermal conductive material, it is widely used in electronic printing, stretchable conductive materials, electronic paper, soft robots, flexible sensors, energy harvesting and other fields.

[0003] The increasing demand for patterned liquid metal materials has put forward higher requirements for the practicality of liquid metal patterning methods. For the current various liquid metal patterning methods, most of them have specific applicability and limitations when used. Among them, the classic liquid metal patterning methods include injection method, direct writing method and template printing method, which require the application of external pressure or direct injection or extrusion to form a pattern, and finally adhere to the substrate surface through physical action. These methods are simple and direct, but the patterned liquid metal composite materials face problems such as poor conductive cycle due to uneven and unstable patterning, and easy aggregation of liquid metal. The most fundamental reason is that the high interfacial energy makes it difficult for liquid metal to maintain high affinity with the substrate for a long time. The newly developed reactive wetting method can reduce the occurrence of the above problems by constructing multiple interface effects, but it requires a substrate material of a specific material and a specific preparation environment during preparation. Therefore, the development of new patterned liquid metal composite material preparation technology is of great significance to the development and application of materials based on liquid metal properties. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material using an alternating electric field and its application.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0006] A method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material under an alternating electric field comprises the following steps:

[0007] 1) providing a substrate with a patterned copper-containing surface;

[0008] 2) An electrochemical method is used, with a copper-containing substrate as a working electrode, an inert electrode as a counter electrode, and an aqueous electrolyte solution as a conductive liquid. After liquid metal is added to the patterned copper-containing surface, an alternating electric field is applied, and the process is repeated multiple times until the liquid metal completely fills and covers the patterned copper-containing surface, forming a patterned liquid metal layer. Among them, one cycle unit of the alternating electric field is a forward voltage of 3V to 15V, a forward voltage time of 1s to 8s, a negative voltage of -8V to -15V, and a negative voltage time of 1s to 15s.

[0009] Optionally, in step 1), the substrate is a copper-containing substrate, and a patterned masking layer is covered on the surface of the substrate so that the exposed area forms the patterned copper-containing surface.

[0010] Optionally, in step 1), the substrate is a non-copper-containing substrate, and a patterned copper-containing layer is formed on the surface of the substrate.

[0011] The preparation method of the copper-containing layer includes surface copper modification, copper particle filling and copper deposition.

[0012] Optionally, the substrate has a sticky surface, or an adhesive layer is constructed on the surface of the substrate to form a sticky surface, so that copper powder adheres to the sticky surface in a limited area to form the patterned copper-containing layer; wherein the particle size of the copper powder is 0.1-100 μm.

[0013] Optionally, a patterned copper layer may be formed on the surface of the non-copper-containing substrate by a process such as sputtering.

[0014] Optionally, the liquid metal is an alloy containing gallium, including but not limited to gallium-indium or gallium-indium-selenide alloy, and the liquid metal is liquid at room temperature.

[0015] Optionally, the water-based electrolyte solution is an acid solution with a concentration of 0.1-1M, and one cycle unit of the alternating electric field is a forward voltage of 8V to 15V, a forward voltage time of 3s to 8s, a negative voltage of -8V to -15V, and a negative voltage time of 8s to 15s.

[0016] Optionally, the water-based electrolyte solution is an alkaline solution with a concentration of 0.1-1M, and one cycle unit of the alternating electric field is a forward voltage of 3V to 8V, a forward voltage time of 3s to 8s, a negative voltage of -8V to -15V, and a negative voltage time of 8s to 15s.

[0017] Optionally, the water-based electrolyte solution is a salt solution with a concentration of 0.1-1M, and one cycle unit of the alternating electric field is a forward voltage of 8V to 15V, a forward voltage time of 1s to 5s, a negative voltage of -8V to -15V, and a negative voltage time of 1s to 3s.

[0018] Optionally, the alternating current includes square wave alternating current, sawtooth alternating current, pulse alternating current, or orthogonal alternating current.

[0019] Optionally, the substrate is made of an elastic material or a non-elastic material.

[0020] Optionally, the material of the patterned cover layer may be acrylic plate, plastic, kraft paper, etc., and the preparation methods include laser engraving, transfer printing, 3D printing, cutting, etc.

[0021] Optionally, the inert electrode may be a standard electrode, such as a saturated calomel electrode, an Ag / AgCl electrode; or an electrode that is chemically inactive but has excellent electrical conductivity, such as a platinum or glassy carbon electrode.

[0022] An acid solution refers to an electrolyte solution with a pH value less than 7, for example, acid solutions include HCl, H2SO4, etc.; an alkaline solution refers to an electrolyte solution with a pH value greater than 7, for example, including NaOH, KOH, etc.; a salt solution includes NaCl, KCl, etc.

[0023] Optionally, the thickness of the formed patterned liquid metal layer is from several hundred nanometers to several tens of micrometers, for example, 200 nm to 20 μm.

[0024] Optionally, the patterned liquid metal material can be used for flexible sensing and electronic circuits.

[0025] Optionally, when the patterned liquid metal composite material is used in a flexible sensor, it includes a patterned liquid metal layer sandwiched between two flexible layers, wherein the first flexible layer has a patterned copper surface. The patterned copper surface is filled and covered with the liquid metal layer through the above-mentioned electrochemical process, and then covered with the second flexible layer. The pattern of the liquid metal layer is a linear pattern extending in a wavy or other serpentine shape.

[0026] Optionally, when the patterned liquid metal composite material is applied to electronic circuits, the patterned copper surface is filled with a liquid metal layer through the above electrochemical process, and then covered with electronic components. The electronic components include LEDs, resistors, chips, sensors, etc.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] (1) Under the alternating electric field, the liquid metal undergoes alternating oxidation-reduction changes and quickly spreads on the surface of the copper-containing substrate, fully and evenly covering the preset pattern. The interface maintains the high affinity between the gallium-based liquid metal and the copper-containing substrate through CuGa2 alloy bonds. The process is easy to implement and has strong controllability and repeatability.

[0029] (2) The patterned liquid metal composite material produced based on the method of the present invention is used in the preparation of a flexible sensing system. The liquid metal can elastically deform along the microchannel, and the strain sensor has high sensitivity and short response time, which broadens the application of the patterned liquid metal composite material in fields such as human motion detection.

[0030] (3) The patterned liquid metal composite material produced based on the method of the present invention is used in the preparation of electronic circuit systems, and the high electrical / thermal conductivity and flexibility of the liquid metal are brought into play, which broadens the application of the patterned liquid metal composite material in real life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the principle of the system for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material using an alternating electric field in Example 1;

[0032] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the movement of liquid metal on a copper substrate under different electric fields;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material using an alternating electric field according to Example 2;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of the method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material using an alternating electric field according to Example 3;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a flow chart of the method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material using an alternating electric field according to Example 4;

[0036] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the contact angle between the liquid metal and the copper substrate in the hydrochloric acid solution in Example 5;

[0037] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the contact angle between the liquid metal and the copper substrate in the sodium hydroxide solution in Example 6;

[0038] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the contact angle of liquid metal in sodium chloride / potassium chloride solution in Example 7;

[0039] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the liquid metal pattern prepared in Example 8;

[0040] Figure 10 This is an example of the liquid metal pattern prepared in Example 9;

[0041] Figure 11 This is an example of a liquid metal pattern prepared in Example 10;

[0042] Figure 12Schematic diagram of heat transfer performance of the copper tape, liquid metal paste, and liquid metal composite material of Example 11;

[0043] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of tensile performance of the waveform strain sensor of Example 12;

[0044] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the effect of the strain sensor of Example 13 on human motion detection.

[0045] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the results of the electronic circuit of Example 14 being used for CO2 detection when breathing through a mask. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] refer to Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the principle of a system for preparing patterned liquid metal composite materials using an alternating electric field. In this system, a substrate 1 is provided with a reserved channel, and the reserved channel has a copper-containing surface 2. The substrate 1 with a copper-containing surface is used as a working electrode, and an inert electrode 4 is used as a counter electrode. They are placed in a conductive liquid 6 and connected to an external electric field device 5. Then, liquid metal 3 is dripped onto the copper-containing surface 2. Alternating current is applied through the external electric field device 5. After multiple alternating cycles, the liquid metal spontaneously fills and covers the surface of the copper substrate to form a patterned liquid metal. The remaining liquid metal on the surface of the material is then removed, and the material is washed and dried. The spontaneous filling completion mentioned here means that the exposed surface of the copper-containing substrate is completely covered by liquid metal with a silvery-white metallic luster.

[0049] The applied alternating current includes square wave alternating current, sawtooth alternating current, pulse alternating current, orthogonal alternating current, etc., and adopts the method of alternating forward voltage and reverse voltage. Figure 2 :

[0050] S1. Only forward voltage is applied: the liquid metal does not change in displacement on the copper substrate;

[0051] S2, only reverse voltage applied: the liquid metal oxidizes and slowly increases its displacement on the substrate;

[0052] S3. Applying an alternating voltage: When a reverse voltage is applied, the liquid metal oxidizes and slowly increases its displacement on the substrate. When the voltage direction changes from reverse to forward, there is a turning point, and after this point, the liquid metal quickly returns to a reduced state on the copper substrate, and the displacement increases in an enhanced manner, significantly exceeding the case of applying only a reverse voltage.

[0053] The enhanced displacement of the liquid metal on the copper substrate under the aforementioned alternating electric field is due to the following: when a negative voltage is applied, a thin liquid metal oxide layer forms on the liquid metal surface, reducing surface tension and causing the liquid metal to spread more slowly across the copper surface. When the negative voltage transitions to a positive voltage, electrochemical action causes the liquid metal to return to its high-energy reduced state, causing its displacement to contract and exhibit a bouncing oscillation behavior, causing it to spread more rapidly across the copper surface. By applying an alternating electric field, the interface between the gallium-based liquid metal and the copper-containing substrate is maintained as a CuGa2 alloy bond, fostering strong adhesion of the gallium-based liquid metal.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] refer to Figure 3 The method of preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material using an alternating electric field in this embodiment uses a copper substrate and the steps are as follows:

[0056] S1. Selecting a mask material and patterning it, and forming a patterned mask layer by, for example, laser cutting technology;

[0057] S2, placing a patterned mask layer on the surface of the copper substrate;

[0058] S3. Perform electrochemical coating of liquid metal according to Example 1 to form a liquid metal patterned surface.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] refer to Figure 4 The method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material using an alternating electric field in this embodiment uses a substrate with a sticky surface, and the steps are as follows:

[0061] S1. Selecting a mask material and patterning it, and forming a patterned mask layer by, for example, laser cutting technology;

[0062] S2, placing a patterned mask layer on the surface of the adhesive substrate;

[0063] S3. Sprinkle copper powder evenly into the reserved channel (exposed sticky surface area);

[0064] S4. Perform electrochemical coating of liquid metal according to Example 1 to form a liquid metal patterned surface.

[0065] Example 4

[0066] refer to Figure 5 The method of preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material using an alternating electric field in this embodiment uses a substrate with a non-stick surface, and the steps are as follows:

[0067] S1. Select a masking material and pattern it, and place the patterned masking layer on the surface of a non-adhesive substrate;

[0068] S2, coating an adhesive layer on the exposed substrate surface;

[0069] S3. Evenly sprinkle copper powder into the reserved channel (i.e., the area where the adhesion layer is applied);

[0070] S4. Perform electrochemical coating of liquid metal according to Example 1 to form a patterned liquid metal surface.

[0071] Example 5

[0072] Copper tape was used as the substrate material, an acrylic plate as the cover material, a carbon rod and copper tape as the counter electrode and working electrode, respectively, and a 1M HCl solution as the electrolyte. A patterned acrylic plate was placed on the surface of the copper tape and completely immersed in the electrolyte. Gallium-based liquid metal droplets were dripped onto the surface of the reserved copper tape channel. The system was assembled according to Example 1. An alternating electric field of 10V positive voltage for 5s and -10V negative voltage for 10s was applied. This cycle was repeated until the liquid metal covered the substrate surface. A liquid metal composite material with a smooth surface and a silvery-white metallic luster was prepared. Figure 6 The contact angle between liquid metal and copper is small in HCl solution and is an acute angle. Under the action of the electric field, the liquid metal can be well coated on the copper surface and move with displacement.

[0073] Example 6

[0074] Copper tape was used as the substrate material, an acrylic plate as the cover material, a carbon rod and copper tape as the counter electrode and working electrode, respectively, and a 1M NaOH solution as the electrolyte. A patterned acrylic plate was placed on the surface of the copper tape and completely immersed in the electrolyte. Gallium-based liquid metal droplets were dripped onto the surface of the reserved copper tape channel. The system was assembled according to Example 1. An alternating electric field of 5V positive voltage for 5s and -10V negative voltage for 10s was applied until the liquid metal covered the substrate surface. A liquid metal composite material with a smooth surface and a silvery-white metallic luster was prepared. Figure 7 The contact angle between liquid metal and copper is obtuse in NaOH solution, and the liquid metal will also have a large displacement on the copper surface under the action of the electric field.

[0075] Example 7

[0076] Copper tape was used as the substrate material, an acrylic plate as the cover material, a carbon rod and copper tape as the counter electrode and working electrode, respectively, and a 1M KCl solution as the electrolyte. A patterned acrylic plate was placed on the surface of the copper tape and completely immersed in the electrolyte. Gallium-based liquid metal droplets were dripped onto the surface of the reserved copper tape channel. The system was assembled according to Example 1. An alternating electric field of 10V positive voltage for 2 seconds and -10V negative voltage for 1 second was applied. This cycle was repeated until the liquid metal covered the substrate surface. A liquid metal composite material with a smooth surface and a silvery-white metallic luster was prepared. Figure 8 The presence of an oxide layer on the liquid metal in the KCl solution makes the contact angle with copper small and acute, but under the action of the electric field, the liquid metal can still have a large displacement on the copper surface.

[0077] Example 8

[0078] Using the process of Example 5, the exposed area of ​​the patterned mask layer is a meandering pattern, and after electrochemical filling, a meandering liquid metal electrode pattern is formed, such as Figure 9 shown.

[0079] Example 9

[0080] Double-sided tape is used as the base material, acrylic plate as the masking material, carbon rod as the counter electrode, and 1M HCl solution as the electrolyte. Remove the release paper on one side of the double-sided tape, place the patterned acrylic plate on the surface, evenly sprinkle 100μm copper powder on the exposed sticky surface area, and completely immerse it in the electrolyte as the working electrode. Assemble the system according to Example 1, drip gallium-based liquid metal droplets on the surface of the reserved channel sprinkled with copper powder, apply an alternating electric field of 10V positive voltage for 5s and -10V negative voltage for 10s, and cycle until the liquid metal covers the substrate surface. Liquid metal patterns with a smooth surface and a silvery-white metallic luster can be prepared. Examples of patterns are as follows: Figure 10 shown.

[0081] Example 10

[0082] A non-sticky soft plastic plate is used as the base material, an acrylic plate is used as the cover material, a carbon rod is used as the counter electrode, and a 1M HCl solution is used as the electrolyte. A patterned acrylic plate is placed on the surface of the substrate, an adhesive layer is coated on the exposed adhesive surface, 100 μm copper powder is evenly sprinkled on the adhesive surface area of ​​the adhesive layer, and it is completely immersed in the electrolyte as a working electrode. The system is assembled according to Example 1, and a gallium-based liquid metal droplet is added to the surface of the reserved channel sprinkled with copper powder. An alternating electric field of a positive voltage of 10V for 5s and a negative voltage of -10V for 10s is applied. The cycle is continued until the liquid metal covers the surface of the substrate, and the remaining liquid metal on the surface of the material is removed. The patterned acrylic plate is removed, and the plate is washed and dried. A liquid metal pattern with a smooth surface and a silvery-white metallic luster can be prepared. The pattern example is as follows: Figure 11 shown.

[0083] Example 11

[0084] Double-sided tape was used as the substrate material, an acrylic sheet was used as the masking material, a carbon rod was used as the counter electrode, and a 1M HCl solution was used as the electrolyte. The release paper on one side of the double-sided tape was removed, and the acrylic sheet was patterned into three parallel, non-interconnected channels and placed on the substrate surface. 100 μm copper powder was evenly sprinkled on the surface of one of the exposed adhesive channels and completely immersed in the electrolyte as the working electrode. The system was assembled according to Example 1. Gallium-based liquid metal droplets were added to the surface of the reserved channel sprinkled with copper powder. An alternating electric field was applied: a positive voltage of 10 V for 5 seconds and a negative voltage of -10 V for 10 seconds. This cycle was repeated until the liquid metal covered the substrate surface. Any remaining liquid metal on the surface of the material was removed, cleaned, and dried. A layer of copper particles and a thermally conductive liquid metal paste were then applied to the remaining two channels. The acrylic sheet was removed to obtain the materials required for the experiment.

[0085] Evaluate the heat transfer performance of copper particle layers, thermally conductive liquid metal pastes, and liquid metal composites, and measure how quickly they respond to temperature. Figure 12 Compared with the other two materials, the liquid metal composite material heats up the fastest when heated for the same time, and cools down the fastest after the heating is removed. The results show that the liquid metal composite material has good thermal conductivity.

[0086] Example 12

[0087] The system uses elastic double-sided tape as the base material, an acrylic sheet as the masking material, a carbon rod as the counter electrode, and a 1M HCl solution as the electrolyte. The release paper on one side of the elastic double-sided tape is removed, and an acrylic sheet patterned with a "wave-like" shape is placed on the surface. 100μm copper powder is evenly sprinkled on the exposed adhesive surface area and completely immersed in the electrolyte as the working electrode. The system is assembled according to Example 1. A gallium-based liquid metal droplet is dripped onto the surface of the reserved channel sprinkled with copper powder. An alternating electric field is applied: a positive voltage of 10V for 5 seconds and a negative voltage of -10V for 10 seconds. This cycle is repeated until the liquid metal covers the base surface. Any remaining liquid metal on the surface of the material is removed, the patterned acrylic sheet is removed, and after cleaning and drying, a layer of elastic double-sided tape is applied to complete the waveform strain sensor.

[0088] Evaluate the performance of enhanced waveform strain sensors, measuring and characterizing a range of key performance indicators including stretchability, hysteresis, sensitivity, response time, repeatability, stability, and durability. Figure 13The strain sensor sample was gradually stretched from 0% to 125% strain without failure. The results demonstrate that the liquid metal fully follows the elastic deformation of the microchannel, with the resistance increasing from 2Ω to 4.5Ω during the stretching process. This strain sensor exhibits a wide operating strain range, high sensitivity, and fast response time.

[0089] Example 13

[0090] refer to Figure 14 , the pattern is prepared with continuous The patterned liquid metal layer is prepared by the same steps as in Example 12. Then, a multi-layer flexible substrate material is stacked and assembled to obtain an enhanced strain sensor for human motion detection. The enhanced strain sensor has excellent performance and has great potential in wearable device applications. It can be used to detect the dynamic motion of the human body or robot. The enhanced strain sensor is installed on the index finger and the finger grip process is monitored to obtain the reference Figure 14 The results show that the sensor can clearly distinguish between the open and closed states of the finger, and the resistance can be increased from 1.95Ω to 2.25Ω.

[0091] Example 14

[0092] refer to Figure 15 , prepare a patterned acrylic cover material with a circuit structure, and prepare a patterned liquid metal layer in the same way as in Example 12. Then, assemble it with LED, CO2 sensor chip, etc., fix it on the inside of the mask, and then connect it to an external processor and computer to form an electronic circuit for CO2 detection when breathing through the mask. The final result of human breathing monitoring is as follows Figure 15 As shown, the results show that the constructed electronic circuit can well distinguish the states of a person not breathing, normal breathing, deep breathing and rapid breathing.

[0093] Furthermore, the embodiments can utilize different preparation methods for different substrate materials, demonstrating universal applicability. Furthermore, patterned microfluidic strain sensors and temperature monitoring electronic circuits with stretchability and low hysteresis were fabricated. The present invention is simple in principle and easy to implement, with potential applications in electronic circuits, wearable flexible devices, artificial skin, personal health monitoring, and soft robotics.

[0094] The above embodiments are only used to further illustrate the method and application of the present invention for preparing patterned liquid metal composite materials using an alternating electric field, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material under an alternating electric field, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) providing a substrate with a patterned copper-containing surface; 2) An electrochemical method is used, with a copper-containing substrate as the working electrode, an inert electrode as the counter electrode, and an aqueous electrolyte solution as the conductive liquid. After liquid metal is added to the patterned copper-containing surface, an alternating electric field is applied. The process is repeated multiple times until the liquid metal fills and covers the patterned copper-containing surface, forming a patterned liquid metal layer. Among them, one cycle unit of the alternating electric field is a forward voltage of 3V to 15V, a positive voltage time of 1s to 8s, and a negative voltage of -8V to -15V, a negative voltage time of 1s to 15s.

2. The method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material under an alternating electric field according to claim 1, wherein: In step 1), the substrate is a copper-containing substrate, and a patterned masking layer is covered on the surface of the substrate so that the exposed area forms the patterned copper-containing surface.

3. The method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material under an alternating electric field according to claim 1, wherein: In step 1), the substrate is a non-copper-containing substrate, and a patterned copper-containing layer is formed on the surface of the substrate.

4. The method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material under an alternating electric field according to claim 3, wherein: The substrate has a sticky surface, or an adhesive layer is constructed on the surface of the substrate to form a sticky surface, so that copper powder adheres to the sticky surface in a limited area to form the patterned copper-containing layer; wherein the particle size of the copper powder is 0.1-100 μm.

5. The method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material under an alternating electric field according to claim 1, wherein: The liquid metal is an alloy containing gallium and is liquid at room temperature.

6. The method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material under an alternating electric field according to claim 1, wherein: The water-based electrolyte solution is an acid solution with a concentration of 0.1-1M. One cycle unit of the alternating electric field is a forward voltage of 8V to 15V, a forward voltage time of 3s to 8s, a negative voltage of -8V to -15V, and a negative voltage time of 8s to 15s.

7. The method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material under an alternating electric field according to claim 1, wherein: The water-based electrolyte solution is an alkaline solution with a concentration of 0.1-1M. One cycle unit of the alternating electric field is a forward voltage of 3V to 8V, a forward voltage time of 3s to 8s, a negative voltage of -8V to -15V, and a negative voltage time of 8s to 15s.

8. The method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material under an alternating electric field according to claim 1, wherein: The water-based electrolyte solution is a salt solution with a concentration of 0.1-1M. One cycle unit of the alternating electric field is a forward voltage of 8V to 15V, a forward voltage time of 1s to 5s, a negative voltage of -8V to -15V, and a negative voltage time of 1s to 3s.

9. The method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material under an alternating electric field according to claim 1, wherein: Alternating current is applied by an external electric field device, and the alternating current includes square wave alternating current, sawtooth alternating current, pulse alternating current, and orthogonal alternating current.

10. The method for preparing a patterned liquid metal composite material under an alternating electric field according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is applied to flexible sensors and electronic circuits.

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