Curved track bed

Abstract

The application provides a curved track bed, which comprises a curved plate body, a plurality of track bottom pads and a plurality of vibration isolators embedded in the curved plate body. Since the curved plate body is placed on the base through the vibration isolators containing elastic elements, a floating plate form is formed, the rigid connection between the track structure and the base structure is cut off, and the track bottom pads are further arranged, so that the impact energy during train running can be absorbed through the plurality of elastic elements and the track bottom pads, and the track vibration reduction and noise reduction effect at the turning track can be realized. Further, the elastic element arranged on the outer strand of the track has relatively lower rigidity, and the track bottom pad has a variable rigidity design, one side of which with higher rigidity faces the outer side of the track. Therefore, the curved track bed of the application has a targeted design, which can not only reduce vibration and noise, but also correct the deviation of the curved steel rail, better balance the stress conditions of the wheels on both sides of the train when passing the curve, thereby improving the curve passing efficiency, and improving the service life, safety and reliability of the related facilities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of track vibration reduction and noise reduction technology, specifically relating to a curved track bed. Background Technology

[0002] With economic and scientific development, rail transit is trending towards higher speeds and greater stability, while mechanical equipment is becoming increasingly sophisticated. To meet the demands of industry development and overcome the impact of vibration on structural stability, vehicle operation safety, and the precision of mechanical equipment, technologies and products capable of effectively reducing vibration and noise are essential to improve structural stability, ensure the safe operation of rail lines, and guarantee high precision of mechanical equipment.

[0003] In existing technologies, vibration-damping track mainly takes the form of elastic fasteners, elastic sleepers, integral vibration-damping pads, and floating track structures, among which floating track structures are the most effective form of vibration reduction. However, existing floating track structures still have several problems: First, they typically use steel spring vibration isolators, which have complex structures, especially the connections of the steel springs, leading to long track construction periods. Second, there is no design specifically for curved tracks. When a train passes through a curved track, the friction between the wheel flange and the rail increases due to centrifugal force, and the resistance of the train also increases accordingly. For safety reasons, the train speed will be reduced accordingly when turning. These factors all lead to increased noise, corrugation, and other hazards when the train turns, and also have a significant impact on the service life of the track facilities. The existing floating track structures used for straight tracks cannot effectively eliminate the above-mentioned hazards. Third, the two rails at the turning track have a certain height difference and deflection angle, resulting in uneven force when the train passes. Since the existing floating track structure does not have a correction design for the turning track, adopting such a structure may lead to increased wear on the rails at the turning track.

[0004] Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, there is an urgent need for a vibration reduction structure that is specifically designed for use on curved tracks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the aforementioned problems and aims to provide a curved track bed with ideal vibration and noise reduction effects, capable of reasonably correcting rail deviation in curved track sections, and easy to construct. The invention employs the following technical solution:

[0006] The present invention provides a curved track bed, characterized in that it comprises: a curved plate for supporting curved steel rails; a plurality of rail pads disposed below the curved steel rails; and a plurality of vibration isolators embedded in the curved plate, wherein the curved plate is supported on a base by the vibration isolators, wherein each of the vibration isolators includes an elastic element.

[0007] The curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein a plurality of vibration isolators and a plurality of rail pads are arranged in pairs at uniform intervals along the extension direction of the curved plate body, a pair of vibration isolators and a pair of rail pads are respectively located below two curved rails, and the line connecting a pair of vibration isolators and a pair of rail pads are both in the radial direction of the curved plate body.

[0008] The curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features: the stiffness of the elastic element of the vibration isolator provided on the outer track is less than the stiffness of the elastic element of the vibration isolator provided on the inner track; the stiffness of one side of the rail pad is greater than the other side; and on both the outer and inner track, the side of the rail pad with higher stiffness faces outwards from the track.

[0009] The curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the vibration isolator is an open type vibration isolator, the elastic element is a rubber spring, and the open type vibration isolator further includes: an outer sleeve, pre-embedded in the curved plate, the rubber spring being disposed below the outer sleeve; a spring support plate, disposed above the rubber spring; a height adjustment shim, disposed above the spring support plate; and a locking shim, disposed above the height adjustment shim and embedded in the outer sleeve, and connected to the height adjustment shim and the spring support plate through a connector.

[0010] The curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the vibration isolator is a regulated vibration isolator, the elastic element includes a spring-supported upper shell, a spring-supported lower shell, and a rubber spring disposed inside the encasing structure formed by the fitting of the spring-supported upper shell and the spring-supported lower shell. The regulated vibration isolator further includes: an outer sleeve, pre-embedded in the curved plate, the elastic element being disposed below the outer sleeve; a height adjustment shim, disposed above the elastic element; and a locking shim, disposed above the height adjustment shim and fitted inside the outer sleeve, and connected to the height adjustment shim and the elastic element by a connector.

[0011] The curved track bed provided by this invention may also have the following technical features: the vibration isolator is a buried vibration isolator; the elastic element includes a spring-supported upper shell, a spring-supported lower shell, and a rubber spring disposed inside the encapsulation structure formed by the fitting of the spring-supported upper shell and the spring-supported lower shell; the bottom of the spring-supported lower shell has a limiting post mounting groove; the buried vibration isolator further includes: a mounting base, pre-embedded below the curved plate, with the upper end of the elastic element embedded in the mounting base; a height adjustment shim, disposed between the elastic element and the base; and a limiting post, one end of which is embedded in the limiting post mounting groove, and the other end of which is driven into the base for fixation.

[0012] The curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the vibration isolator is a superimposed vibration isolator, the elastic element includes a support cylinder, a support base, at least two rubber springs disposed inside the covering structure formed by the fitting of the support cylinder and the support base, and a plurality of spring connecting assemblies, the plurality of rubber springs being vertically superimposed, the spring connecting assemblies being disposed between two adjacent rubber springs, connecting the plurality of rubber springs into a whole, the superimposed vibration isolator further includes: an outer sleeve, pre-embedded in the curved plate, the elastic element being disposed below the outer sleeve; a height adjustment shim, disposed above the elastic element; and a locking shim, disposed above the height adjustment shim and fitted inside the outer sleeve, and connected to the height adjustment shim and the elastic element by a connector.

[0013] The curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the spring connecting assembly comprises: a spring connector having a pair of oppositely arranged fitting grooves, the shape of which matches the end of the rubber spring; and a plurality of connecting member fixing pieces mounted on the spring connector, the ends of which extend toward the fitting grooves, the opposite ends of the two rubber springs respectively fitting into the pair of fitting grooves and being held in place by the ends of the extending connecting member fixing pieces; the superimposed vibration isolator further comprises a spring limiting assembly having: a top limiting piece, which is an arc-shaped metal piece with an L-shaped cross-section, fitted into the support cylinder, for engaging and fixing the upper end of the uppermost rubber spring into the support cylinder; and a bottom limiting piece, which is a retaining spring, fitted into the support base, for engaging and fixing the lower end of the lowermost rubber spring into the support base.

[0014] The curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the vibration isolator is a steel spring vibration isolator, the elastic element includes a support cylinder, a support base, a first steel spring and a second steel spring disposed inside the enclosing structure formed by the fitting of the support cylinder and the support base, the steel spring vibration isolator further includes: an outer sleeve, pre-embedded in the curved plate, the elastic element disposed below the outer sleeve; a height adjustment shim, disposed above the elastic element; and a locking shim, disposed above the height adjustment shim and fitted inside the outer sleeve, and connected to the height adjustment shim and the elastic element by a connector.

[0015] The curved track bed provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the steel spring vibration isolator further includes: a protective cover plate disposed at the upper opening of the outer sleeve, having a clearance hole in the middle; and a broken spring indicator comprising: an indicator fixing plate made of metal, disposed on the locking washer; an indicator rod mounting base made of metal; a magnet for adsorbing and fixing the indicator rod mounting base to the indicator fixing plate; and a broken spring indicator rod, one end of which is installed in the indicator rod mounting base, and the other end of which is affixed with a reflective indicator sticker, the other end passing through the clearance hole.

[0016] Invention Function and Effect

[0017] The curved track bed according to the present invention includes a curved slab, a plurality of rail pads, and a plurality of vibration isolators embedded in the curved slab. Since the curved slab is supported on the base by vibration isolators containing elastic elements to form a floating slab, the rigid connection between the track structure and the base structure is severed. In addition, the rail pads are provided. Therefore, the impact energy of the train during operation can be absorbed by the multiple elastic elements and the rail pads, thereby achieving the effect of track vibration reduction and noise reduction at the curved track. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the curved track bed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the curved track bed in Embodiment 1 of the present invention at the location of the vibration isolator;

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of the inner part of the middle frame B;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the composite rail underplate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the rail underplate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the open-type vibration isolator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the outer sleeve in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the spring support plate in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the spring support plate at different angles in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the height adjustment shim in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the locking washer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the open-type vibration isolator in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the adjustment tool according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the curved track bed at the vibration isolator location in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 15 This is an exploded view of the structure of the regulated vibration isolator in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 16 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the outer sleeve in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 18 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the limiting post in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional view of the curved track bed at the vibration isolator location in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 20 This is an exploded view of the buried vibration isolator in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 21 This is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 22 This is a cross-sectional view of the buried vibration isolator in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 23 This is an exploded view of the superimposed vibration isolator in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 24 This is an exploded view of the elastic element in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 25 This is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 26 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the support cylinder in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 27 This is a cross-sectional view of the support cylinder in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 28 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the support base in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 29 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the spring connector in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 30 This is a cross-sectional view of the spring connector in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 31 yes Figure 24 Enlarged view of the inner part of frame A;

[0049] Figure 32 This is a cross-sectional view of the top limiting member in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 33 This is a cross-sectional view of the curved track bed at the vibration isolator location in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 34 This is a cross-sectional view of the steel spring vibration isolator in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 35 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the interrupted spring indicator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 36 This is an exploded view of the structure of the interrupted spring indicator according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 37 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the boss-shaped rail pad in Embodiment Six of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0055] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the following describes in detail the curved track bed with vibration reduction and noise reduction effect of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0056] <Example 1>

[0057] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the curved track bed 100 includes a curved plate 110 with a predetermined radius of curvature, fasteners 112 disposed on the curved plate 110, a composite rail pad 180, and a plurality of open vibration isolators 120 disposed in the curved plate 110.

[0058] The curved slab 110 is mounted on the base 200 via a plurality of open vibration isolators 120, forming a floating slab. Corresponding to the centrifugal force when the train curves, one side of the base 200 is higher than the other, with the side closer to the center of the curve being lower. The curved slab 110 is mounted on the base 200 at an overall inclination. The curved rail 300 is mounted on the curved track bed 100 via fasteners 112, and a composite rail underbase plate 180 is positioned below the curved rail 300 and above the fasteners 112.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the open-type vibration isolators 120 are arranged in pairs, evenly spaced along the extension direction of the curved plate 110. Each pair of open-type vibration isolators 120 is located below the two curved steel rails 300, and in the horizontal direction, each open-type vibration isolator 120 is arranged between two adjacent fasteners 112. The line connecting the pair of open-type vibration isolators 120 is in the radial direction of the curved plate 110.

[0060] like Figure 4 As shown, the composite rail pad 180 includes a plate body 181, strip-distributed protrusions 182, and dot-distributed protrusions 183.

[0061] The plate 181 is cuboid in shape and has a first edge 185 and a second edge 186 disposed opposite to each other. Strip-shaped protrusions 182 are disposed on one surface of the plate 181, including a plurality of strip-shaped protrusions 1821 and a plurality of strip-shaped grooves 1822. The strip-shaped protrusions 1821 extend along the first edge 185 of the plate 181 and are integrally formed with the plate 181.

[0062] In this embodiment, there are three strip-shaped protrusions 1821, which are distributed sequentially along the first edge 182 to the second edge 186 of the plate 181, with their widths increasing sequentially. The length and height of each strip-shaped protrusion 1821 are the same. Strip-shaped grooves 1822 are formed between two adjacent strip-shaped protrusions 1821.

[0063] The dot-distributed protrusions 183 and the strip-distributed protrusions 182 are disposed on the same surface of the plate 181 and distributed from one side of the long side of the strip protrusion 1821 in the middle to the second edge 186 of the plate 181, and are also integrally formed with the plate 181. The dot-distributed protrusions 183 include multiple rows of trapezoidal protrusion groups 1831, which are formed along the width direction of the strip protrusions 1821. Each row of trapezoidal protrusion groups 1831 includes multiple trapezoidal protrusions 18311. The cross-sectional area of ​​the trapezoidal protrusions 18311 in the same row is the same. The cross-sectional area of ​​each row of trapezoidal protrusion groups 1831 gradually decreases from the first edge 185 of the plate 181 toward the second edge 186. The trapezoidal protrusions 18311 in adjacent rows are staggered.

[0064] Based on the above structure, the composite rail pad 180 of this embodiment is a rail pad with variable stiffness design, and its stiffness gradually decreases from the first edge 185 to the second edge 186.

[0065] like Figure 5 As shown, to provide better vibration reduction, during installation, the second edge 186 of the composite rail pad 180 is located on one side close to the center line of the two rails 300, while the side of the composite rail pad 180 with strip-distributed protrusions 182 and dot-distributed protrusions 183 faces the bottom of the rail 300. Simultaneously, the line connecting a pair of composite rail pads 180 is also in the radial direction of the curved track bed 110.

[0066] When a train passes through a curved track, the centrifugal force causes the wheels to exert greater pressure on the outer side of the rail than on the inner side. Consequently, the rail exerts greater pressure on the corresponding side of the composite rail pad 180. Due to the aforementioned structure of the composite rail pad 180, the deformation at all locations of the composite rail pad 180 is similar, which helps to keep the train stable.

[0067] like Figure 6 As shown, the open-type vibration isolator 120 includes an outer sleeve 121, a rubber spring 122, a spring support plate 123, a height adjustment shim 124, a locking shim 125, a protective cover plate 126, and multiple connecting parts 127.

[0068] like Figure 6-7 As shown, the outer sleeve 121 is made of metal (cast iron) and has a through-type cylindrical structure. Its overall height (i.e., the length of the outer sleeve 121) is the same as the thickness of the plate 111. The outer sleeve 121 can be divided into a guide section 1211 at the top and a support section 1212 at the bottom along its length.

[0069] The guide section 1211 is used to insert the spring support plate 123, the height adjustment shim 124, and the locking shim 125 during installation, and to guide these plates as they slide down. The guide section 1211 has a triangular flange structure in cross-section, forming three radially protruding, stepped inner protrusions 12111, which are evenly distributed along the central axis of the outer sleeve 121.

[0070] Specifically, the inner protrusion 12111 extends along the length of the outer sleeve 121, with one end extending to the upper end of the outer sleeve 121 and the other end located at a lower position inside the outer sleeve 121. The support section 1212 is cylindrical, so the other end of the inner protrusion 12111 and the support section 1212 form a support step 12111a, which provides support for the rubber spring 122. In addition, one surface of the inner protrusion 12111 parallel to the central axis of the outer sleeve 121 has a certain curvature.

[0071] The upper end of the outer sleeve 121 has three radially outward protrusions 1213, and the upper protrusions 1213 are provided with protective cover plate connection holes for supporting and connecting the protective cover plate 126.

[0072] In addition, such as Figure 7-8 As shown, the lower end of the outer sleeve 121 has a flange 1214 protruding outwards, forming a skirt-like structure. In this embodiment, the outer sleeve 121 is a pre-embedded type, pre-embedded in the plate 111 during casting. The flange 1214 can increase the adhesion and load-bearing capacity of the outer sleeve 121. At the same time, the upper protrusion 1213 also forms a lug structure, which can also increase the adhesion and load-bearing capacity of the outer sleeve 121.

[0073] A rubber spring 122 is positioned below the outer sleeve 121. It utilizes the elastic deformation of its rubber material to absorb the vibration energy transmitted from the curved plate 110 during train operation, thus reducing vibration and noise. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the upper and lower ends of the rubber spring 122 are both circular plates, and both ends are wrapped with circular metal plates, which allows the rubber spring 122 to be subjected to force more evenly. The middle part of the rubber spring 122 contracts radially inward. The thickness of the rubber spring 122 in the unstressed state (i.e., its initial height) is 150mm-750mm.

[0074] Furthermore, the rubber spring 122 is available in various stiffness specifications. During the production process, the stiffness of the rubber spring 122 can be adjusted by modifying the rubber composition and production parameters. In this embodiment, the stiffness of the rubber spring 122 located on the outer strand of the track is less than the stiffness of the rubber spring 122 located on the inner strand of the track.

[0075] like Figure 8-9As shown, the spring support plate 123 provides support for the upper end of the rubber spring 122, playing a supporting and load-transfer role in the entire track bed system. The spring support plate 123 is made of metal, with its main body roughly circular in shape and having three support plate protrusions 1231. This allows the cross-sectional shape of the spring support plate 123 to match the cross-section of the guide section 1211 of the outer sleeve 121. Specifically, the cross-sectional shape of the spring support plate 123 is basically consistent with the shape of the inner wall of the guide section 1211, and its dimensions are slightly smaller than the shape of the inner wall of the guide section 1211. The thickness of the main body of the spring support plate 123 is 25mm-30mm, and the thickness of the three support plate protrusions 1231 is greater than that of the main body, thus forming a structure on one side of the spring support plate 123 to cover the upper end of the rubber spring 122. In addition, the spring support plate 123 has three mounting holes 1232, which are respectively located opposite to the three support plate protrusions 1231, for mounting the connector 127. In this embodiment, the connector 127 is a bolt and a nut.

[0076] like Figure 10 As shown, the height adjustment shim 124 is used to adjust the installation height of the rubber spring 122, so that the surface height of each part of the curved plate 110 can meet the design data. The height adjustment shim 124 is also made of metal, and its outer contour shape is consistent with that of the spring support plate 123. It has three height adjustment protrusions 1241, so it will not be described again. A roughly circular first clearance hole 1242 is opened in the middle of the height adjustment shim 124 for the corresponding installation tool to be inserted when installing the vibration isolator. The height adjustment shim 124 also has three radially extending first mounting grooves 1243, which communicate with the first clearance hole 1243 in the middle. The height adjustment protrusions 1241 extend in the direction of the first mounting grooves 1243. Depending on the actual required height, one or more stacked height adjustment shims 124 can be used, and the thickness of the height adjustment shims 124 is 2mm-10mm.

[0077] like Figure 11 As shown, the locking washer 125 is used to lock the spring support plate 123 and the height adjustment washer 124 inside the outer sleeve 121. The locking washer 125 is also made of metal, and its outer ring shape is consistent with that of the spring support plate 123. It has three locking protrusions 1251, so it will not be described again. A roughly circular second clearance hole 1252 is provided in the middle of the locking washer 125, and its shape is consistent with that of the first clearance hole 1242. The locking washer 125 also has three radially extending second mounting grooves 1253, which communicate with the middle second clearance hole 1252. The extension directions of the locking protrusions 1251 and the second mounting grooves 1253 are offset, and the extension line of the second mounting grooves 1253 is located between two locking protrusions 1251. The thickness of the locking washer 125 is 10 mm.

[0078] Since the shapes of the spring support plate 123, the height adjustment shim 124, and the locking shim 125 all match the inner wall of the guide section 1211 of the outer sleeve 121, these plates can be inserted from the upper opening of the outer sleeve 121 and slid downward to the support section 1212 under the guidance of the guide section 1211, thus facilitating installation.

[0079] In addition, such as Figure 6 As shown, since the distribution of the three mounting holes 1232 on the spring support plate 123, the three first mounting grooves 1242 on the height adjustment shim 124, and the three second mounting grooves 1252 on the locking shim 125 is consistent, the mounting grooves and mounting holes on these three plates can form a connecting mounting hole that runs through the vertical direction during installation, thereby enabling the connection 127 to be installed to fasten the three plates together.

[0080] The protective cover 126 is used to cover the upper opening of the outer sleeve 161 after the vibration isolator is installed, to prevent dust and debris from entering and affecting the vibration isolation effect and service life of the vibration isolator. Figure 9 As shown, the shape of the protective cover 126 is consistent with the shape of the upper end face of the outer sleeve 121, and a connecting member mounting hole is provided at the corresponding position. Therefore, the protective cover 126 can completely cover the upper end face of the outer sleeve 121 and is fixed to the upper protrusion 1213 of the outer sleeve 121 by multiple connecting members.

[0081] like Figure 12 As shown, the outer sleeve 121 is embedded in the plate 111. Since the height of the outer sleeve 121 is the same as the thickness of the plate 111, the upper and lower openings of the outer sleeve 121 protrude from both sides of the plate 111. After installation, the three protrusions of the height adjustment shim 124 and the spring support plate 123 abut against the three support steps 12111a respectively. The locking shim 125 is fitted into the bottom of the guide section 1211, and the spring support plate 123, the height adjustment shim 124, and the locking shim 125 are fixedly connected together by the connector 127, thereby fixing the three plates inside the outer sleeve 121. The rubber spring 122 is located below the outer sleeve 121. The upper end of the rubber spring 122 abuts against the main body of the spring support plate 123 and is covered by the protrusion 1231 of the support plate. The lower end of the rubber spring 122 abuts against the base 200.

[0082] Furthermore, the total thickness of the rubber spring 122, the spring support plate 123, and the height adjustment shim 124 is greater than the distance from the support step 12111a to the lower end of the outer sleeve 121. This makes the lower end of the rubber spring 122 located below the outer side of the curved plate 110, which means that the curved plate 110 does not directly contact the base 200, but is placed on the base 200 in a point contact manner through a plurality of rubber springs 122, forming a floating plate.

[0083] The specific steps for installing open-type vibration isolators 120 in the curved plate 110 during track construction include:

[0084] Step S1-1: Set a curved plate 110 with multiple outer sleeves 121 pre-embedded on the base 200.

[0085] Among them, the curved slab 110 can be a precast slab, which is placed on the base 200 by hoisting, or a concrete slab cast on site.

[0086] Before pouring, the positions of each vibration isolator are set on the base 200 according to the design drawings. The outer sleeve 161 is placed in the position in advance. Then, the steel frame for pouring the curved plate 110 is tied, the formwork is installed, and then the concrete is poured to form the curved plate 110 with the outer sleeve 161 embedded.

[0087] Step S1-2: Measure the relative height parameter of each outer sleeve 121 using a testing instrument, and set the quantity and specifications of the corresponding height adjustment shims 124 according to the measured relative height parameter.

[0088] Steps S1-3: The curved plate 110 is lifted to the predetermined construction height using a jacking device.

[0089] In this embodiment, multiple lifting boxes are pre-embedded below the two sides of the curved plate 110 parallel to the extension direction. Each lifting box is a box-shaped metal piece with its opening facing downwards. The lifting equipment is a hydraulic jack, including a hydraulic pump, a flow divider valve, and multiple jack heads. During construction, the multiple jack heads are respectively embedded in the multiple lifting boxes of the curved plate 110. Under the control of the industrial control computer, the multiple jack heads simultaneously lift, thereby smoothly raising the curved plate 110. The lifting height should be such that the distance between the support step 12111a of the outer sleeve 121 pre-embedded in the curved plate 110 and the base 200 is greater than the total thickness of the rubber spring 122 to be placed, the spring support plate 123, and several height adjustment shims 153, so that the rubber spring 122 is not stressed after placement, and the spring support plate 123 and height adjustment shims 124 can be rotated and adjusted. That is, the predetermined construction height is greater than the final floating height of the plate.

[0090] In steps S1-4, for each outer sleeve 121, the rubber spring 122, the spring support plate 123, and the height adjustment shim 124 are inserted sequentially from the upper opening of the outer sleeve 121, and the spring support plate 123 and the height adjustment shim 124 are rotated by a predetermined angle using an adjustment tool so that their multiple protrusions are located directly below the multiple support steps 12111a.

[0091] In this embodiment, there are three supporting steps 12111a, which are evenly distributed along the central axis of the outer sleeve 121. Therefore, by adjusting the spring support plate 123 and the height adjustment shim 124, which are inserted, the spring support plate 123 and the height adjustment shim 124 are rotated 60 degrees. At this time, the three protrusions of the spring support plate 123 and the height adjustment shim 124 are located directly below the three supporting steps 12111a. After the plate 111 is lowered, the three protrusions abut against the three supporting steps 12111a respectively, forming a support structure.

[0092] like Figure 13 As shown, the adjusting tool 600 has a T-shaped handle 601 and an adjusting head 602 connected to the other end of the handle 601. The adjusting head 602 has three radially extending adjusting ends 6021, which are positioned to correspond to the three mounting slots or holes of the spring support plate 123, the height adjusting shim 124, and the locking shim 125, respectively. A bolt (not shown in the figure) extending vertically is mounted on the adjusting end 6021.

[0093] Therefore, taking the spring support plate 123 as an example, the construction worker can hold the handle 601, insert the adjusting head 602 into the outer sleeve 121, and make the bolts on the three adjusting ends 6021 respectively embedded in the three mounting holes 1231 of the spring support plate 123. Then, by rotating the handle 601 horizontally, the spring support plate 123 can be rotated horizontally through the three adjusting ends 6021.

[0094] Steps S1-5: Lower the curved plate 110 using a lifting device.

[0095] At this time, each rubber spring 122 enters the stressed state, the curved plate 110 floats on the base 200, and all the loads of the curved plate 110 are transmitted to the spring support plate 123 and the rubber spring 122 through the support step 12111a of the outer sleeve 121.

[0096] In steps S1-6, for each outer sleeve 121, the locking washer 125 is inserted from the upper opening of the outer sleeve 121. The locking washer 125 slides down along the guide section 1211 onto the height adjustment washer 124, and the locking washer 125, the height adjustment washer 124 and the spring support plate 123 are fastened together by bolts, thereby preventing the height adjustment washer 124 and the spring support plate 123 from rotating and falling off.

[0097] Steps S1-7: Install a protective cover plate 126 on the upper end face of each outer sleeve 121 to complete the installation of all open vibration isolators 120, forming the curved track bed 100 described above.

[0098] Functions and effects of the embodiments

[0099] The curved track bed 100 provided in this embodiment includes a curved plate 110, a plurality of composite rail pads 180, and a plurality of open vibration isolators 120 embedded in the curved plate 110. Since the curved plate 110 is placed on the base through the open vibration isolators 120 containing rubber springs 122 to form a floating plate, it isolates the rigid connection between the track structure and the base structure. In addition, the composite rail pads 180 are provided. Therefore, the impact energy of the train during operation can be absorbed by the multiple rubber springs 122 and the composite rail pads 180, so as to achieve the effect of track vibration reduction and noise reduction at the curved track. Specifically, the outer sleeve 121 is embedded in the curved plate 110, and the rubber spring 122 is located below the outer sleeve 121. Therefore, the vibration isolator in this embodiment is an open type vibration isolator. The rubber spring 122 is exposed from below the curved plate 110, which not only facilitates installation, but also allows for convenient inspection of the rubber spring 122 through the gap between the curved plate 110 and the base 200 after installation, which is beneficial for subsequent maintenance.

[0100] Furthermore, multiple pairs of open-type vibration isolators 120 and multiple pairs of composite rail pads 180 are evenly spaced along the extension direction of the curved plate 110, with each pair connected in the radial direction of the curved plate 110. The rubber springs 122 on the outer rail have relatively lower stiffness, and the composite rail pads 180 also have a variable stiffness design, with the side with higher stiffness on the outer side of the rail and the side with lower stiffness on the inner side. In other words, the curved track bed 100 of this embodiment has a targeted design, providing stronger vibration reduction on the outer rail and stronger support on the inner rail. The variable stiffness rail pads correct the deviation of the rails on both sides, thus achieving not only a more ideal vibration reduction and noise reduction effect, providing a better riding experience for passengers, but also better balancing the force on the wheels on both sides when the train curves, thereby improving the efficiency of the train curves. It also reduces the wear of the curved rails and train wheel hubs, improving the service life, safety, and reliability of the related track facilities.

[0101] Furthermore, since the outer contours of the spring support plate 123, the height adjustment shim 124, and the locking shim 125 all match the guide section 1211 of the outer sleeve 121, during installation, it is only necessary to sequentially insert the rubber spring 122, the spring support plate 123, the height adjustment shim 124, and the locking shim 125 through the upper opening of the outer sleeve 121, and rotate the spring support plate 123 and the height adjustment shim 124 by a predetermined angle so that they form a support structure with the inner protrusion 12111 of the outer sleeve 121. Then, the vibration isolator can be installed by fixing it with the connector. Therefore, the construction is convenient, the construction time is shorter, and the labor intensity of workers is lower. Since a detachable structure is used instead of welding or other methods to achieve the support structure, the open-type vibration isolator 120 can also be easily disassembled and reassembled for subsequent maintenance to replace the rubber spring 122.

[0102] <Example 2>

[0103] This embodiment provides a curved track bed. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that this embodiment uses vibration isolators with different structures.

[0104] like Figure 14-15 As shown, the regulated vibration isolator 130 includes an outer sleeve 131, an elastic element 132, a height adjustment shim 133, a locking shim 134, multiple connectors 135, a limiting post 136, and a protective cover 137.

[0105] like Figure 16 As shown, the structure of the outer sleeve 131 is similar to that of the outer sleeve 121 in Embodiment 1. The difference is that two stepped structures are formed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 131. The upper ring is a lifting step 13111a, and the lower ring is a supporting step 13121a. One end of the supporting step 13121a extends downward along the length of the outer sleeve 131, forming a lateral limiting structure. A spring limiting protrusion 13121b is provided at one of the supporting steps 13121a. After installation, the spring limiting protrusion 13121b abuts against the upper end face of the elastic element 132 to limit the circumferential movement of the elastic element 132.

[0106] like Figure 17 As shown, the elastic element 132 includes a regulating upper housing 1321, a regulating lower housing 1322, and a rubber spring 1323.

[0107] The upper housing 1321 for regulation is made of metal and is non-circular in shape, with three outwardly protruding support portions 13211. The upper end face of the upper housing 1321 has a circular relief groove 13212 to provide space for corresponding tools during installation; the inner surface has a circular insert groove 13213, the shape and size of which match the upper end of the rubber spring 1323. Furthermore, the inner diameter of the upper housing 1321 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the lower housing 1322 for regulation.

[0108] The lower housing 1322 for regulation is also made of metal and is circular in shape. The inner diameter of the lower housing 1322 matches the lower end of the rubber spring 1323. The outer periphery of the lower housing 1322 has two annular rubber ring grooves 13221 for fitting and installing the limiting rubber ring 1324. The bottom surface of the lower housing 1322 has a circular limiting post mounting groove 13222 in the center for setting the limiting post 136. The limiting post 136 is also embedded in the base 200, thereby limiting the horizontal displacement of the elastic element 132 relative to the base 200.

[0109] The structure of the rubber spring 1323 is the same as that in Example 1.

[0110] When assembled into the elastic element 132, the lower housing 1322 of the regulating device has an opening facing upwards, and the upper housing 1321 of the regulating device has an opening facing downwards, covering the lower housing 1322 of the regulating device to form a covering structure. The limiting rubber ring 1324 is fitted into the rubber ring groove 13221 of the lower housing 1322 of the regulating device, and the limiting rubber ring 1324 protrudes outwards from the rubber ring groove 13221. The protruding part of the limiting rubber ring 1324 abuts against the inner surface of the upper housing 1321 of the regulating device, thereby limiting the upper and lower housings in the horizontal direction. The upper end of the rubber spring 1323 is fitted into the embedding groove 13211 of the upper housing 1321 of the regulating device and is fixed by adhesive; the lower end of the rubber spring 1323 is fitted into the lower housing 1322 of the regulating device and is also fixed by adhesive, thereby forming an elastic element 132 with an overall elastic buffering function.

[0111] The structures of the height adjustment shim 133, the locking shim 134, and the protective cover 137 are the same as those in Example 1, and will not be described again.

[0112] like Figure 18As shown, the limiting post 136 is a pin-shaped metal part with an upper cylindrical end 1361 and a lower cylindrical end 1362. During installation, the upper cylindrical end 1361 is inserted into the limiting post mounting groove 13222 of the lower housing 1322, and the lower cylindrical end 1362 is driven into the base 200 for fixation. The diameter of the upper cylindrical end 1361 is larger than that of the lower cylindrical end 1362, thus forming a stepped structure in the upper middle part of the limiting post 136 to limit the driving depth of the limiting post 136 when driven into the base 200.

[0113] The installation process of the regulated vibration isolator 130 in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1. The difference is that in step S1-1, a limiting post 136 is pre-inserted at a predetermined position on the base 200. The regulated vibration isolator 130 does not include a spring support plate; the upper housing 1321 serves as the spring support plate. Therefore, in step S1-4, the elastic element 132 and the corresponding height adjustment shim 133 are sequentially inserted through the upper opening of the outer sleeve 131, and the elastic element 132 and the height adjustment shim 133 are rotated 60 degrees. Other procedures are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0114] In this embodiment, the other structures and their working principles (including the distribution of vibration isolators, the structure and distribution of rail pads, etc.) are the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again.

[0115] Functions and effects of the embodiments

[0116] According to the curved track bed 100 of this embodiment, a plurality of regulated vibration isolators 130 are used to form a floating plate, thus achieving the same vibration reduction, noise reduction and track correction effect as in Embodiment 1.

[0117] Furthermore, rubber springs generally have multiple degrees of freedom in multiple directions, such as vertical, lateral, longitudinal, and torsional. In the regulation type vibration isolator 130 of this embodiment, the rubber spring 1323 is disposed inside the covering structure formed by the fitting of the upper housing 1321 and the lower housing 1322 for regulation. The covering structure reasonably constrains the lateral and longitudinal degrees of freedom of the rubber spring 1323, which is equivalent to strengthening the lateral stiffness of the rubber spring 1323. Therefore, the rubber spring 1323 can play a stable and ideal vibration reduction effect and can extend the service life of the rubber spring 1323.

[0118] Furthermore, the elastic element 132, which includes the rubber spring 1323, can be pre-assembled and installed as a whole during track construction, thus facilitating installation and maintenance and improving the overall efficiency of track construction.

[0119] <Example 3>

[0120] This embodiment provides a curved track bed. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference is that this embodiment uses vibration isolators with different structures, and the structure of the curved plate is also different from that in Embodiment 1.

[0121] like Figures 19-20 As shown, in this embodiment, multiple mounting bases 141 for buried vibration isolators 140 are pre-embedded below the curved plate 110, and the structure of the buried vibration isolators 140 cannot be seen from above the curved plate 110.

[0122] The buried vibration isolator 140 includes a mounting base 141, an elastic element 142, a height adjustment shim 143, and a limiting post 144.

[0123] Mounting base 141 is a metal embedded part, which is pre-installed in the corresponding position of the steel reinforcement frame during the pouring of the curved concrete slab 110. Mounting base 141 is a circular cap-shaped part with a shell thickness of 8mm to 12mm. The upper end of mounting base 141 has a flange to increase the adhesion and load-bearing capacity of the embedded mounting base 141.

[0124] The elastic element 142 is generally cylindrical, and its diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the mounting base 141.

[0125] like Figure 21 As shown, the elastic element 142 includes a spring-supported upper housing 1421, a spring-supported lower housing 1422, a rubber spring 1423, and a plurality of limiting rubber rings 1424.

[0126] The upper housing 1421 of the spring support is made of metal and is in the shape of a circular cap. Its top inner surface has a circular insert groove 14211, the shape and size of which match the upper end of the rubber spring 1423.

[0127] The lower spring support housing 1422 is also made of metal and is circular in shape, with a diameter smaller than that of the upper spring support housing 1421. Therefore, the two can be fitted together, with the upper spring support housing 1421 covering the lower spring support housing 1422 to form an enclosing structure. The inner diameter of the lower spring support housing 1422 matches that of the rubber spring 1423. Furthermore, the outer periphery of the lower spring support housing 1422 has two annular rubber ring mounting grooves 14221 for fitting and mounting the limiting rubber ring 1424; the bottom surface of the lower spring support housing 1422 has a circular limiting post mounting groove 14222 for mounting the limiting post 144.

[0128] The structure of the rubber spring 1423 is the same as that in Embodiment 1. The rubber spring 1423 is disposed inside the encapsulation structure formed by the fitting of the upper spring support housing 1421 and the lower spring support housing 1422. The upper end of the rubber spring 1423 is fitted into the embedding groove 14211 and is fixed by adhesive; the lower end of the rubber spring 1423 is fitted into the lower spring support housing 1422 and is also fixed by adhesive.

[0129] Two limiting rubber rings 1424 are respectively fitted into the two rubber ring mounting grooves 14221 of the lower housing 1422 of the spring support, and the limiting rubber rings 1424 protrude outward from the rubber ring mounting grooves 14221. The protruding part of the limiting rubber rings 1424 abuts against the inner surface of the upper housing 1421 of the spring support, thereby forming a lateral limit on the upper and lower housings.

[0130] The height adjustment shim 143 is used to adjust the installation height of the spring assembly 142, thereby adjusting the height of various points on the upper surface of the track bed slab 110. The height adjustment shim 143 is a circular sheet-shaped metal piece, the diameter of which is approximately the same as the diameter of the spring assembly 142. A circular clearance hole 1431 is provided in the center of the height adjustment shim 143 for the limit post 144 to pass through during installation. The height adjustment shim 143 comes in various shapes and has different thicknesses, ranging from 2mm to 25mm. Depending on the actual needs of the track, each vibration isolator can be equipped with one or more height adjustment shims 143.

[0131] The structure of the limiting post 144 is the same as that in Example 2.

[0132] like Figure 22 As shown, after installation, the mounting base 141 is embedded in the lower part of the curved plate 110, forming a downward-opening circular mounting groove. The upper end of the elastic element 142 (i.e., the upper housing 1421 of the spring support) is installed in the mounting base 141, and the lower end (i.e., the lower housing 1422 of the spring support) is placed on the base 200, and a limiting structure is formed by the limiting post 144.

[0133] The specific steps for installing buried vibration isolators 140 during track construction include:

[0134] Step S3-1: Drive the limiting post 144 into the predetermined vibration isolator position on the base 200.

[0135] Step S3-2: Place the corresponding height adjustment shims 143 and elastic elements 142 sequentially at the predetermined vibration isolator positions on the base 200.

[0136] Step S3-3: The prefabricated curved plate 110 is placed on the base 200 using hoisting equipment, and the pre-embedded mounting seats 141 under the curved plate 110 are aligned with the elastic elements 142 respectively.

[0137] After alignment and placement, the upper ends of each elastic element 142 are embedded in the corresponding mounting base 141, and the curved plate 110 is placed in a spring-supported state.

[0138] Step S3-4: Use a force testing tool to test the force on all elastic elements 142 to determine if there is any loosening.

[0139] Step S3-4a: Based on the detection results of step S3-4, determine whether there is any looseness. If the determination is yes, proceed to step S3-5; if the determination is no, proceed to the end state.

[0140] In step S3-5, the curved plate 110 is lifted again using hoisting equipment, and the height adjustment shim 143 under the unstressed elastic element 142 is replaced according to the stress test results. Then, the process returns to step S3-4.

[0141] All elastic elements 142 should be fully stressed. If some elastic elements 142 are found to be loose or not stressed, the curved plate 110 will be raised again. The required thickness and number of height adjustment shims 143 will be recalculated based on the stress test results, and the height adjustment shims 143 will be replaced accordingly. Then, the stress test will be repeated in step S3-4 until all elastic elements 142 are fully stressed, thereby ensuring the track vibration reduction effect and operation safety.

[0142] In this embodiment, the other structures and working principles are the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again.

[0143] Functions and effects of the embodiments

[0144] According to the curved track bed 100 provided in this embodiment, multiple buried vibration isolators 140 are used to form a floating plate, thus achieving the same vibration reduction, noise reduction and track correction effect as in Embodiment 1.

[0145] Furthermore, the buried vibration isolator 140 in this embodiment only includes a pre-embedded mounting base 141, an elastic element 142, a height adjustment shim 143, and a limiting post 144. Therefore, the structure is simplified, installation is convenient, and track construction time can be greatly reduced. In the elastic element 142, the rubber spring 1423 is set inside the encasing structure formed by the interlocking of the upper housing 1421 and the lower housing 1422 of the spring support. Therefore, the encasing structure reasonably constrains the lateral and longitudinal deformation of the rubber spring 1423 and avoids the influence of external debris, dust, etc. on the rubber spring 1423. This helps to maintain the ideal stiffness of the rubber spring 1423, ensure its vibration reduction effect, and improve its service life.

[0146] Furthermore, since the buried vibration isolator 140 is located below the curved plate 110, its structure is not visible from above. Therefore, the curved plate 110 in this embodiment also has the advantages of aesthetic appearance and good overall integrity. At the same time, because the buried vibration isolator 140 is only located below the curved plate 110, it can be positioned directly below the rail, achieving a better vibration reduction effect.

[0147] <Example 4>

[0148] This embodiment provides a curved track bed. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that this embodiment uses vibration isolators with different structures.

[0149] like Figure 23 As shown, the superimposed vibration isolator 150 includes an outer sleeve 151, a locking shim 152, a height adjustment shim 153, and an elastic element 154.

[0150] The outer sleeve 151 is made of metal and has a continuous cylindrical structure. Its overall height (i.e., the length of the outer sleeve 151) is the same as the thickness of the curved plate 110, so its two ends protrude from both sides of the curved plate 110. The inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 has two sets of internal protrusions 1511, each set containing three protrusions. The three protrusions in each set are distributed at the same height inside the cylinder and are evenly distributed along the central axis of the outer sleeve 151. The two sets of internal protrusions 1511 are aligned vertically. That is, two stepped structures are formed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151, with the upper one being the lifting step 1512 and the lower one being the supporting step 1513.

[0151] In addition, the outer sleeve 151 is a pre-embedded outer sleeve, which is pre-embedded in the concrete slab 111 during the casting process. For this purpose, two pairs of fixing pins 1514 are also provided on the outside of the outer sleeve 151. The two pairs of fixing pins 1514 are located at different heights on the outer sleeve 151 and extend in a mutually perpendicular direction, i.e., arranged in a cross shape, for binding and fixing in the reinforced concrete slab. The lower end of the outer sleeve 151 has a flange 1515 that protrudes outward, forming a skirt structure, which is used to increase the adhesion and load-bearing capacity of the pre-embedded outer sleeve.

[0152] The structure of locking shim 152 and adjusting shim 153 is the same as in Example 1.

[0153] like Figure 24-25As shown, the elastic element 154 includes a support cylinder 1541, a support base 1542, two vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, a spring connecting assembly 1544, and a spring limiting assembly 1545. The support cylinder 1541 and the support base 1542 are supported by the vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, respectively. The spring connecting assembly 1544 is used to connect the two rubber springs 1543 into a whole, and the spring limiting assembly 1545 is used to fix the two ends of the whole formed by the two rubber springs 153 into the support cylinder 1541 and the support base 1542, respectively.

[0154] like Figure 26-27 As shown, the support cylinder 1541 is made of metal and is used to provide support for the upper end of the stacked rubber springs 153. The support cylinder 1541 has a semi-enclosed structure, including a plate-shaped top 15411, a first cylindrical portion 15412, an internal support plate 15413, and a second cylindrical portion 15414.

[0155] The outer contour of the plate-shaped top 15411 is the same as that of the height adjustment shim 153, but it is thicker than the height adjustment shim 153. A circular top clearance groove 15411a is provided in the middle of the plate-shaped top 15411 to make way for the installation tool during installation. Three top mounting holes 15411b are distributed around the top clearance groove 15411a, and their positions correspond to the ends of the three first mounting grooves 1523 of the height adjustment shim 153, which are also used to allow the installation tool to be inserted during installation.

[0156] Similarly, during installation, the three mounting holes at the top of the support cylinder 1541, the mounting grooves of the locking washer 152 and the height adjustment washer 153 can form three connecting mounting holes that run through the vertical direction.

[0157] Both the first cylindrical portion 15412 and the second cylindrical portion 15414 are circular and have the same diameter. The difference lies in that the length of the first cylindrical portion 15412 is fixed, while the length of the second cylindrical portion 15414 can be adjusted according to the size and number of rubber springs 1543. The length of the second cylindrical portion 15414 should ensure that the second cylindrical portion 15414 and the support base 1542 are still engaged when all rubber springs 1543 are not under stress (when the overall height of the multiple rubber springs 1543 is at its maximum). Furthermore, multiple pin holes 15414a are provided above the second cylindrical portion 15414 for mounting corresponding components in the spring limiting assembly 1545. In this embodiment, there are four pin holes 15414a, evenly distributed along the circumference of the second cylindrical portion 15414.

[0158] The internal support plate 15413 is a circular metal plate welded between the first cylindrical portion 15412 and the second cylindrical portion 15414, and its diameter is the same as that of the first cylindrical portion 15412 and the second cylindrical portion 15414. The internal support plate 15413 and the second cylindrical portion 15414 form a downward circular opening for mounting the rubber spring 1543.

[0159] like Figure 28 As shown, the support base 1542 is used to support and limit the lower end of the superimposed rubber spring 153. The support base 1542 is also made of metal, is in the shape of a circular cap, and its outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the second cylindrical portion 15414, so it can be slidably fitted into the second cylindrical portion 15414.

[0160] The inner wall of the support base 1542 has a ring of limiting member mounting groove 15421 and a square clearance groove 15422. The limiting member mounting groove 15421 is used to install the corresponding component in the spring limiting assembly 1545, and the square clearance groove 15422 is used to make way for the corresponding structure in the spring limiting assembly 1545.

[0161] The structure of the two rubber springs 1543 is the same as in Embodiment 1. The two rubber springs 1543 are vertically stacked and connected into a whole by the spring connecting assembly 1544. The whole formed by the two rubber springs 1543 is disposed inside the covering structure formed by the fitting of the support cylinder 1541 and the support base 1542.

[0162] like Figure 24 , 29 As shown in Figure 31, the spring connection assembly 1544 includes a spring connector 15441, a plurality of connector fixing pieces 15442, and a plurality of fixing pieces 15443.

[0163] The spring connector 15441 is a one-piece molded metal part, having an annular peripheral portion 54411 and a circular disc 54412 formed within the peripheral portion 54411. The two sides of the peripheral portion 54411 extend vertically from the two sides of the disc 54412, and the inner diameter of the peripheral portion 54411 matches the diameter of the rubber spring 1543. The cross-section of the spring connector 15441 is H-shaped. Therefore, on both sides of the disc 54412, the peripheral portion 54411 and the disc 54412 form a pair of circular fitting grooves 54413 for embedding the ends of the rubber spring 1543. The pair of fitting grooves 54413 are arranged opposite to each other, with their openings facing both sides.

[0164] The peripheral portion 54411 has four square mounting slots 54411a for fixing pieces. The bottom of each mounting slot 54411a has a mounting hole 54411b for fasteners, used to fit and install the connector fixing piece 15442 and to provide the fastener 15443. The four mounting slots 54411a are evenly distributed along the circumference. Furthermore, a circular positioning post mounting hole 54412a is located in the center of the disc body 54412 for installing a positioning post.

[0165] The connector fixing piece 15442 is a "U"-shaped metal part with a through-hole in the middle. The connector fixing piece 15442 is fitted into the fixing piece mounting groove 54411a and fixed by the fixing piece 15443, which is a screw in this embodiment. The two ends of the connector fixing piece 15442 extend toward the two fitting grooves 54413 respectively, forming a hook-shaped structure.

[0166] like Figure 25 As shown, the lower end of the upper rubber spring 1543 is fitted into the circular fitting groove 54413 above the spring connector 15441, and the upper end of the lower rubber spring 1543 is fitted into the circular fitting groove 54413 below the spring connector 15441. They are fixed by four connecting fixing pieces 15442 and four fixing pieces 15443. The connecting fixing pieces 15442 and the spring connector 15441 form a hook-like structure that catches the end of the rubber spring 1543, thereby connecting the two stacked rubber springs 1543 into a single elastic structure.

[0167] After being connected as one unit, the two ends of the two superimposed rubber springs 1543 are also fixed by the spring limiting assembly 1545.

[0168] like Figure 24 As shown, the spring limiting assembly 1545 includes a pair of top limiting members 15451, a bottom limiting member 15452, multiple limiting pins 15453, and multiple positioning posts 15454. The number of positioning posts 15454 is set according to the number of rubber springs 1543, and there are two in this embodiment.

[0169] like Figure 24 , 32 As shown, the top limiting member 15451 is used to fix the upper end of the uppermost rubber spring 1543 inside the support cylinder 1541. The top limiting member 15451 is an arc-shaped metal part with an L-shaped cross section. Therefore, after installation, it can not only horizontally lock the upper end of the rubber spring 1543, but also fasten the upper end of the rubber spring 1543.

[0170] Multiple limiting pins 15453 pass through multiple pin holes 15414a on the second cylindrical part 15414 respectively, pressing a pair of top limiting members 15451 toward the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 from multiple directions, thereby securely fastening the upper end of the rubber spring 1543.

[0171] The bottom limiting member 15452 is a retaining spring, which is fitted into the limiting member mounting groove 15421 of the support base 1542 and protrudes outward from the groove to engage the lower end of the bottom rubber spring 1543 in the support base 1542.

[0172] In addition, such as Figure 25 As shown, after setting the spring connecting assembly 1544, the diameter at the connection position of the two rubber springs 1543 is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the support cylinder 1511. Therefore, during the elastic damping process, both ends of all rubber springs 1543 are well limited, so that the overall elastic structure formed by multiple rubber springs 1543 remains stable during the expansion and contraction process.

[0173] like Figure 25 As shown, the positioning post 15454 consists of two cylindrical segments, one of which has a larger diameter, thus forming a stepped structure in the middle of the positioning post 15454. During installation, the smaller-diameter cylindrical segment of the positioning post 15454 is embedded in the positioning post mounting groove 15413a of the internal support plate 15413, while the larger-diameter cylindrical segment is embedded in the positioning post groove 15431 at the upper end of the rubber spring 1543, thereby providing lateral restraint for the rubber spring 1543. The stepped structure in the middle makes it difficult for the spring to come out.

[0174] Furthermore, the elastic element 154 can be pre-assembled as a whole, and during track construction, it only needs to be installed as a whole.

[0175] In this embodiment, the elastic element 154 includes two vertically stacked rubber springs 1543. In fact, the elastic element 154 may also include more vertically stacked rubber springs 1543. Adjacent rubber springs 1543 can be connected to each other through the spring connecting assembly 1544 described above.

[0176] The installation process of the superimposed vibration isolator 150 is basically the same as that of Example 2, so it will not be described again.

[0177] In this embodiment, the other structures and working principles are the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again.

[0178] Functions and effects of the embodiments

[0179] According to the curved track bed 100 provided in this embodiment, multiple superimposed vibration isolators 150 are used to form a floating plate, thus achieving the same vibration reduction, noise reduction and track correction effect as in Embodiment 1.

[0180] Furthermore, the elastic element 154 of the stacked vibration isolator 150 includes multiple vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, which are connected into a whole by a spring connecting assembly 1544. The uppermost rubber spring 1543 and the lowermost rubber spring 1543 are respectively fixed in the support cylinder 1541 and the support base 1542 by a spring limiting assembly 1545, forming an integral elastic element 154. The elastic element 154 can be pre-assembled and only needs to be installed as a whole during track construction, thus facilitating installation and maintenance and greatly reducing track construction time.

[0181] Because the elastic element 154 comprises multiple vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, its stiffness has a large adjustable range, and the overall height of the stacked vibration isolator 150 has a large adjustable range. When two stacked rubber springs 1543 are included, the overall stiffness is half that of a single rubber spring 1543; when three stacked rubber springs 1543 are included, the overall stiffness is one-third that of a single rubber spring 1543, and so on. Even with adjustments to the material formulation and manufacturing process, the stiffness of a single rubber spring 1543 is difficult to achieve such a range. Therefore, the elastic element 154 of this embodiment has a significantly increased stiffness range compared to a single rubber spring 1543, making it well-suited for various working conditions.

[0182] <Example 5>

[0183] This embodiment provides a curved track bed. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that this embodiment uses vibration isolators with different structures.

[0184] like Figures 33-34 As shown, the steel spring vibration isolator 160 includes an outer sleeve 161, a locking washer 162, a height adjustment washer 163, an elastic element 164, a protective cover 165, and a broken spring indicator 166.

[0185] The structures of the outer sleeve 161, locking washer 162, and height adjustment washer 163 are the same as those in Example 4.

[0186] The elastic element 164 includes a support cylinder 1641, a support base 1642, a pair of spring end limiters 1643, a first steel spring 1644, and a second steel spring 1645.

[0187] The structure of the support cylinder 1641 and the support base 1642 is the same as that in Embodiment 4. The support cylinder 1641 and the support base 1642 are also spring housings used to house the steel spring.

[0188] A pair of spring end limiting members 1643 are respectively disposed at the middle of the inner top surface of the support cylinder 1641 and the middle of the inner bottom surface of the support base 1642. The cross-section of the spring end limiting member 1643 is approximately T-shaped, having a first cylindrical segment 16431 and a second cylindrical segment 16432, wherein the diameter of the second cylindrical segment 16432 is smaller than that of the first cylindrical segment 16431, and extends from the middle of the end face of the first cylindrical segment 16431. Therefore, one annular end of the second steel spring 1645 can be fitted onto the second cylindrical segment 16432 and abut against the first cylindrical segment 16431, thereby limiting both ends of the second steel spring 1645. In addition, a cylindrical protrusion is formed on the other side of the first cylindrical segment 16431. The cylindrical protrusion of the upper spring end limiting member 1643 is fitted and fixed in the limiting member groove on the inner top surface of the support cylinder 1641, and the cylindrical protrusion of the lower spring end limiting member 1643 is fitted and fixed in the circular mounting hole on the inner bottom surface of the support base 1642.

[0189] Both the first steel spring 1644 and the second steel spring 1645 are disposed within the enclosed space formed by the fitting of the support cylinder 1641 and the support base 1642. The overall diameter of the first steel spring 1644 is larger than that of the second steel spring 1645, and slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the support base 1642. Its two ends are respectively fitted into the support cylinder 1641 and the support base 1642. The second steel spring 1645 is fitted inside the first steel spring 1644.

[0190] Both the first steel spring 1644 and the second steel spring 1645 are made of wound steel bars. The diameter of the steel bar of the first steel spring 1644 is larger than that of the steel bar of the second steel spring 1645, and the steel bar of the second steel spring 1645 has more turns.

[0191] The protective cover 165 is a metal plate-shaped component whose outer contour shape matches the shape of the upper end face of the outer sleeve 161. It is used to seal the upper opening of the outer sleeve 161 after the vibration isolator is installed, preventing dust, debris, etc. from entering from the upper opening. A circular clearance hole is provided in the middle of the protective cover 165.

[0192] The structure of the limiting post 167 is the same as that in Example 2.

[0193] like Figures 35-36 As shown, the broken spring indicator 166 includes an indicator fixing plate 1661, an indicator rod mounting base 1662, a magnet 1663, a fastening nut 1664, a broken spring indicator rod 1665, and a reflective indicator sticker 1666.

[0194] The indicator fixing plate 1661 is a triangular plate made of metal. Three fixing plate mounting holes 16611 are respectively provided near the three ends of the triangle. The distribution of the three fixing plate mounting holes 16611 is consistent with the distribution of the three mounting holes and mounting grooves of the elastic element 164 and the height adjustment shim 163. Therefore, the indicator fixing plate 1661 is positioned above the locking shim 162 and can also be fastened together with the locking shim 162, the height adjustment shim 163 and the elastic element 164 by bolts and nuts.

[0195] The indicator rod mounting base 1662 is made of the same material as the indicator fixing plate 1661. It is cylindrical in shape and has an indicator rod mounting hole 16621 in the middle. The indicator rod mounting hole 16621 has internal threads.

[0196] The magnet 1663 is a powerful magnet that can attract the metal material of the indicator mounting plate 1661. It is cylindrical and attracts and fixes the indicator rod mounting base 1662 onto the indicator mounting plate 1661.

[0197] The broken spring indicator rod 1665 is a cylindrical metal rod with an external thread (not shown in the figure) at one end. This end is screwed into the indicator rod mounting hole 16621 of the indicator rod mounting base 1662 and locked by a fastening nut 1664. The other end is affixed with a reflective indicator sticker 1666, which is also the indicating end of the entire broken spring indicator 166. In addition, in this embodiment, the protective cover plate 165 has a circular clearance hole in the middle for the end of the broken spring indicator rod 1665 with the reflective indicator sticker 1666 to pass through. The length of the broken spring indicator rod 1665 is slightly greater than the distance from the bottom surface of the indicator rod mounting hole 16621 to the top surface of the protective cover plate 165. After installation, the end with the reflective indicator sticker 1666 protrudes from the top of the protective cover plate 165.

[0198] Figure 34 The diagram shows the overall condition of the vibration isolator when both steel springs are in normal condition. At this time, the reflective indicator 1666 is exposed above the protective cover 165, and the maintenance worker can observe the reflective indicator 1666 and know the condition of the steel springs.

[0199] When two steel springs are broken (one or both are broken), the overall height of the elastic element 164 will decrease, causing the broken spring indicator 166 mounted on it to descend. At this time, the end of the broken spring indicator rod 1665 with the reflective indicator sticker 1666 attached is lower than the upper surface of the protective cover plate 165. Maintenance workers cannot observe the reflective indicator sticker 1666, but can still know that the steel spring is broken and carry out maintenance.

[0200] Furthermore, the spring break indicator 166 can be pre-assembled and installed as follows: Figure 35The state shown indicates that the vibration isolator is assembled as a whole during installation.

[0201] In this embodiment, the other structures and working principles are the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again.

[0202] The installation process of the steel spring vibration isolator 160 in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 2. The difference is that, since the broken spring indicator 166 also needs to be installed, the connecting parts are not installed immediately after the locking washer 162 is placed in step S1-6. Between steps S1-6 and S1-7, the following steps are also included: step S1-6a, placing the broken spring indicator 166 and rotating it to form multiple through connecting parts mounting holes with the locking washer, height adjustment washer, etc.; and step S1-6b, connecting the broken spring indicator 166, locking washer 162, height adjustment washer 163 and elastic element 164 together through the connecting parts. In addition, in step S1-7, when setting the protective cover plate 165, the end of the broken spring indicator rod 1665 with the reflective indicator sticker 1666 is made to pass through the clearance hole in the middle of the protective cover plate 165.

[0203] The other installation procedures are the same as in Example 2, so they will not be repeated here.

[0204] Functions and effects of the embodiments

[0205] According to the curved track bed 100 provided in this embodiment, multiple steel spring vibration isolators 160 are used to form a floating plate, thus achieving the same vibration reduction, noise reduction and track correction effect as in Embodiment 1.

[0206] Furthermore, the elastic element 164 includes two nested steel springs of different diameters disposed within the spring housing. Therefore, if one of them breaks and fails, the other steel spring can still provide some support, offering a certain system redundancy and improving the safety of the track. This arrangement also increases flexibility. For example, one of the steel springs can be used as a standard component with fixed stiffness, while the other steel spring can be adjusted according to actual needs, thereby making it easier and faster to adjust the overall stiffness of the elastic element 164.

[0207] Furthermore, the steel spring vibration isolator 160 also includes a broken spring indicator 166 disposed above the elastic element 164. This indicator uses a broken spring indicator rod 1665 with a reflective indicator sticker 1666 attached to one end to indicate the status of the two steel springs. Under normal conditions, the reflective indicator sticker 1666 is visible from the outside. If one or both springs break, the overall height of the elastic element 164 decreases, causing the broken spring indicator rod 1665 to descend, making the reflective indicator sticker 1666 invisible from the outside. This allows for a direct visual indication of the status of the two steel springs, facilitating maintenance workers' observation and timely repair and replacement. Moreover, existing broken spring indicators include pointer-type and electronically triggered types, which are more complex and costly than the solution in this embodiment. The broken spring indicator 166 in this embodiment is simple, effective, and low-cost. Since a large number of vibration isolators are used in the track, using the broken spring indicator 166 in this embodiment ensures effective detection while saving significant costs.

[0208] Furthermore, the broken spring indicator rod 1665 is mounted on the indicator rod mounting base 1662, which is fixed to the indicator fixing plate 1661 by magnetic attachment 1663. Due to a slight installation error in the lateral position of the steel spring vibration isolator 160 during installation, directly setting mounting holes on the indicator fixing plate 1661 would make it difficult to perfectly align the position of the broken spring indicator rod 1665 with the clearance hole of the top protective cover plate 165. However, by using the magnetic attachment 1663, the installation position of the broken spring indicator rod 1665 can be easily adjusted by moving the magnetic attachment 1663, ensuring that the reflective indicator sticker 1666 is properly exposed, facilitating construction.

[0209] <Example 6>

[0210] This embodiment provides a curved track bed. The difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that this embodiment uses a track pad with a different structure.

[0211] like Figure 37 As shown, the boss-type rail pad 190 has a plate body 191, dotted protrusions 192, and support legs 193.

[0212] The plate 191 is a cuboid with a first edge 195 and a second edge 196 disposed opposite to each other.

[0213] The dotted protrusions 192 include a plurality of frustum-shaped protrusions 1921 with flush upper surfaces. These frustum-shaped protrusions 1921 extend from the first edge 195 of the plate 191 and are distributed along the second edge 196. The plurality of frustum-shaped protrusions 1921 form multiple rows of frustum-shaped protrusion groups along the length of the plate 191, with adjacent rows of frustum-shaped protrusion groups staggered. The cross-sectional area of ​​the frustum-shaped protrusions 1921 in each row is the same, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the frustum-shaped protrusions 1921 in each row gradually decreases from the first edge 195 to the second edge 196.

[0214] Therefore, the boss-type rail pad 190 in this embodiment is also a rail pad with variable stiffness design, which is roughly the same as the composite rail pad 180 in Embodiment 1. Its stiffness gradually decreases from the first edge 195 to the second edge 196.

[0215] The installation method of the boss-type rail pad 190 is the same as that of the composite rail pad 180, that is, the second edge 196 with less rigidity is installed on the side facing the inside of the rail.

[0216] In this embodiment, the other structures and their working principles are the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be described again.

[0217] In addition, the curved track bed in embodiments two to five can also adopt the boss-shaped rail pad 190 of this embodiment.

[0218] Functions and effects of the embodiments

[0219] According to the curved track bed 100 provided in this embodiment, the boss-shaped rail pad 190 with the same variable stiffness design is adopted, so the same vibration reduction, noise reduction and track correction effect as in Embodiment 1 can be achieved.

[0220] Furthermore, the boss-shaped rail pad 190 of this embodiment has only a plurality of platform-shaped protrusions 19, making it relatively easier to manufacture and less expensive.

[0221] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate specific implementations of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the scope of the description of the above embodiments.

Claims

1. A curved track bed, characterized in that, include: Curved plate body, used to support curved steel rails; Multiple rail pads are disposed below the curved steel rail; as well as A plurality of vibration isolators are embedded in the curved plate, which is supported on the substrate by the vibration isolators. Each of the vibration isolators includes an elastic element. The vibration isolator is a superimposed vibration isolator. The elastic element includes a support cylinder, a support base, at least two rubber springs disposed inside the encapsulation structure formed by the fitting of the support cylinder and the support base, and several spring connecting assemblies. Multiple rubber springs are vertically stacked, and the spring connecting assembly is disposed between two adjacent rubber springs. The multiple rubber springs are connected into one piece. The superimposed vibration isolator also includes: An outer sleeve is embedded in the curved plate, and the elastic element is disposed below the outer sleeve; The height adjustment shim is positioned above the elastic element; and A locking shim is positioned above the height adjusting shim and fitted inside the outer sleeve. It is connected to the height adjusting shim and the elastic element via a connector. The spring connection assembly has: A spring connector having a pair of oppositely arranged fitting grooves, the shape of which matches the end of the rubber spring; and Multiple connecting fixing pieces are mounted on the spring connector, with their ends extending into the fitting groove. The opposite ends of the two rubber springs are respectively fitted into a pair of fitting grooves and are held in place by the ends of the extending connecting retaining pieces. The superimposed vibration isolator also includes a spring limiting assembly, which has: The top limiting component is an L-shaped arc-shaped metal piece, fitted inside the support cylinder, used to engage and fix the upper end of the uppermost rubber spring inside the support cylinder; and The bottom limiting component is a retaining spring, which is fitted into the support base to lock and fix the lower end of the bottommost rubber spring into the support base.

2. The curved track bed according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The plurality of vibration isolators and the plurality of rail pads are all arranged in pairs, evenly spaced along the extension direction of the curved plate. The pair of vibration isolators and the pair of rail pads are each located below the two curved steel rails. The connection between the pair of vibration isolators and the connection between the pair of rail pads are both in the radial direction of the curved plate.

3. The curved track bed according to claim 2, characterized in that: in, The stiffness of the elastic element of the vibration isolator installed on the outer track strand is less than the stiffness of the elastic element of the vibration isolator installed on the inner track strand. The stiffness of one side of the rail pad is greater than that of the other side. In both the outer and inner rail strands, the side of the under-rail pad with higher rigidity faces outwards from the rail.

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