Rail-mounted slag bucket side discharge system for small-diameter tunnel and side discharge method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a rail-mounted residue bucket side-unloading system for a small-diameter tunnel, and belongs to the field of tunnel excavation construction. The rail-mounted residue bucket side-unloading system comprises a rail-mounted vehicle arranged on a track, a rotatable residue bucket arranged on the rail-mounted vehicle, an opening and closing door arranged on the residue bucket, and a side-pushing mechanism arranged in a residue-unloading hole. A residue bucket overturning assembly for pushing the residue bucket to overturn on the rail-mounted vehicle is connected between the side-pushing mechanism and the residue bucket. A door locking mechanism for unlocking or locking the opening and closing door when the residue bucket is in an overturning state is arranged on the rail-mounted vehicle. A vehicle body locking assembly for preventing the rail-mounted vehicle from being laterally overturned due to residue bucket overturning is further arranged in the residue-unloading hole. The rail-mounted residue bucket side-unloading system has the advantages of small excavation amount, small land occupation and low construction cost, and improves the construction efficiency of a tunnel boring machine (TBM).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel excavation construction, specifically relating to a rail-mounted muck hopper side-discharge system and its side-discharge method for small-diameter tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there are two methods for unloading slag in the slag tunnel (underground installation tunnel) using existing rail-mounted slag hopper cars. The first method is to use a gantry crane to lift the slag hopper and tilt it to unload the slag (requiring a large space in the underground installation tunnel). The second method is to use rail-mounted shuttle cars to unload (extract slag). The first method requires a larger tunnel excavation volume and has higher construction costs. The second method has a slower loading and unloading speed. Furthermore, because the shuttle cars are wider, it is impossible to arrange corresponding passing platforms in the tunnel of the drainage corridor, which affects the efficiency of slag transportation and, consequently, the tunneling efficiency of the tunnel boring machine (TBM). Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rail-mounted muck hopper side-discharge system and its side-discharge method for small-diameter tunnels, aiming to solve the problems of large tunnel excavation volume, high construction cost, and reduced tunneling efficiency of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in existing related technologies.

[0004] Firstly, in order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A rail-mounted slag hopper side-discharge system for small-diameter tunnels includes a railcar mounted on a rail, a rotatable slag hopper mounted on the railcar, a switch door mounted on the slag hopper, and a side-pushing mechanism installed inside the slag discharge tunnel. A slag hopper tilting assembly for pushing the slag hopper to tilt on the railcar is connected between the side-pushing mechanism and the slag hopper. The railcar is equipped with a door locking mechanism for unlocking or locking the switch door when the slag hopper is tilted. The slag discharge tunnel is also equipped with a car body locking assembly for preventing the railcar from tipping over due to the tilting of the slag hopper.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the door lock mechanism includes a rotating shaft disposed on the slag hopper and a rotating shaft disposed on the railcar. The rotating shaft is connected to the rotating shaft through a crank transmission assembly so as to drive the rotating shaft to rotate through the crank transmission assembly. The rotating shaft is provided with a door stop assembly corresponding to the opening and closing position of the door.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crank transmission assembly includes a first crank connected to and coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft, and a second crank connected to and coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft. The first crank is connected to the second crank via a connecting rod transmission member and drives the second crank to rotate.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the door stop assembly includes a finger-shaped door coaxially disposed with the rotation shaft, and the finger-shaped door is fixed on the rotation shaft.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the railcar is further equipped with a hopper locking assembly for preventing the slag hopper from tipping over on the side near the door lock mechanism. The hopper locking assembly includes a hook seat and a locking hook. The hook seat is installed on the railcar, and one end of the locking hook is rotatably mounted on a second crank, while the other end is provided with a hook body corresponding to the hook seat. A locking reinforcement is connected between the locking hook and the railcar.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the side-push mechanism includes a side-push cylinder disposed in the slag discharge hole and a side-push piston rod connected to the output end of the side-push cylinder, wherein the unused end of the side-push piston rod is connected to a front fork for laterally pushing the slag hopper.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the slag hopper tilting assembly includes a tilting shaft mounted on the slag hopper and a rotatable limiting clip mounted on the end of the fork.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower end of the side-push cylinder is further provided with a lifting pit arranged in the slag discharge hole, and a lifting mechanism for supporting the side-push cylinder is installed in the lifting pit.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle body locking assembly includes an anti-rollover cylinder, a swing rod, and a swing seat. One end of the swing rod is hinged to the swing seat, and the other end is connected to a fixing arm for preventing the railcar from rolling over. The middle part of the swing rod is hinged to the output end of the anti-rollover cylinder.

[0014] Secondly, in order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0015] A side-discharge method for a rail-mounted slag hopper used in small-diameter tunnels includes the following steps: the slag hopper moves to the unloading tunnel with a rail-mounted trolley; a side-push mechanism located inside the unloading tunnel pushes the slag hopper through a slag hopper tilting assembly to tilt the slag hopper forward within the unloading tunnel; a car body locking assembly located inside the unloading tunnel limits the rail-mounted trolley to prevent it from tipping over during the forward or reverse tilting of the slag hopper; when the slag hopper tilts forward, a door lock mechanism unlocks the opening and closing door on the slag hopper until the opening and closing door is opened, at which point the slag hopper performs the slag dumping function; after the slag hopper has finished dumping, the slag hopper tilts in the reverse direction within the unloading tunnel until the opening and closing door is closed, at which point the door lock mechanism locks the opening and closing door; after the door lock mechanism locks the opening and closing door, the car body locking assembly and the side-push mechanism reset themselves.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0017] 1. This invention provides a side-discharge system and method for a rail-mounted slag hopper used in small-diameter tunnels. When the slag hopper does not need to be tilted (such as when the slag hopper is transporting slag), the vehicle body locking assembly can not only firmly connect the rail car and the slag hopper together when the slag hopper car (including the rail car and the slag hopper) turns laterally, but also lock the opening and closing door on the slag hopper to prevent slag leakage due to the lateral thrust of the internal material, thereby increasing the structural stability of this application. During the tilting process of the slag hopper, the opening and closing door will automatically open or close. At the same time, the door lock mechanism will simultaneously unlock or lock. The vehicle body locking assembly can further lock the opening and closing door on the slag hopper. Thus, this invention has a high degree of automation, is more convenient to use, and has better structural stability.

[0018] 2. The present invention can use the side-push mechanism as a power source. The side-push mechanism enables the slag bucket to realize the slag dumping (slag turning) function by means of the slag bucket tilting component, without the need to set up a gantry crane. Therefore, this application does not need to expand the space for the gantry crane to lift the slag bucket in the tunnel. Thus, the excavation volume of this application is smaller, the land area is smaller, and the construction cost is lower.

[0019] 3. At the same time, since the width of the hopper in this application is not limited and the width of the hopper can be as small as possible, the safety distance between the two sides of the hopper and the platform is large when the hopper enters the tunneling machine (TBM) for loading, which facilitates smooth loading when the turning radius is small. This makes the construction efficiency of the tunneling machine (TBM) unaffected by this application and improves the construction efficiency of the tunneling machine (TBM). Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the small-diameter tunnel track-mounted slag hopper side unloading system described in this invention, with the side piston rod in the retracted state and the railcar and slag hopper fully loaded with slag.

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the rail-mounted slag hopper side unloading system for small-diameter tunnels described in this invention, with the railcar and slag hopper in a connected state and the slag hopper not overturned.

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the small-diameter tunnel track-mounted slag hopper side unloading system of the present invention when the slag hopper is in the flipped state and the lifting piston rod is in the retracted state;

[0023] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of the small-diameter tunnel track-mounted slag hopper side unloading system of the present invention when the slag hopper is in the tipping unloading state and the lifting piston rod has completed the retraction step;

[0024] Figure 5A schematic diagram of the structure of the small-diameter tunnel track-mounted slag hopper side unloading system of the present invention, with the slag hopper in the reset and unloading completed state and the limit card in the flipped state;

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the small-diameter tunnel rail-mounted slag hopper side unloading system of the present invention when the slag hopper, side pushing mechanism, lifting mechanism and hopper car locking assembly are all in the reset state;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the door lock mechanism described in this invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the slag hopper tilting assembly described in this invention.

[0028] Reference numerals: 11. Railcar; 12. Slag hopper; 2. Door lock mechanism; 21. Rotating shaft; 22. Rotating shaft; 23. Crank transmission assembly; 231. First crank; 232. Second crank; 233. Connecting rod transmission component; 2331. Connecting rod; 2332. First transmission rod; 2333. Second transmission rod; 24. Door stop assembly; 241. Finger-shaped door stop; 243. Door stop rotating shaft; 3. Side push mechanism; 31. Side push cylinder; 32. Side push piston rod; 33. Front fork; 4. Car body locking assembly; 41. Side tilt cylinder; 42. Swing rod; 43. Swing seat; 44. Fixed arm; 5. Lifting mechanism; 51. Lifting cylinder 52. Lifting piston rod; 53. Lifting seat; 54. Hinge seat; 55. Buffer pad; 56. Lifting pit; 7. Slag hopper tilting assembly; 71. Tilting shaft; 72. Limiting clip; 73. First tilting limiting assembly; 731. Fixing pin; 732. Step groove; 74. Second tilting limiting assembly; 741. Limiting pin; 742. Tilting return spring; 75. Anti-rollover seat; 76. Pointed insert block; 8. Opening and closing door; 81. Door panel; 82. Hinge; 83. Opening and closing part; 9. Dump car locking assembly; 91. Hook seat; 92. Locking hook; 93. Locking reinforcement; 94. Hook body; 95. Locking guide sleeve; 96. Locking guide block. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the present invention will be briefly introduced below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and descriptions of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following description of the structure of the accompanying drawings is only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is for the purpose of helping to understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0030] The drainage corridor of a pumped storage power station is generally constructed using a small-diameter tunnel boring machine (TBM). The underground layout of the drainage corridor is complex. The tunnel connected to the drainage corridor is often used as a transportation channel for tire-mounted dump trucks in other underground engineering projects, so it is impossible to install railcars 11 for transportation.

[0031] Therefore, the existing technology generally uses rail-mounted slag hopper cars (including slag hoppers and rail cars) to transport the slag excavated by the TBM tunneling machine used for the construction of drainage corridors for pumped storage power stations to the slag tunnel (underground installation tunnel) for unloading. The unloaded slag is then loaded onto tire dump trucks and transported out of the tunnel through the connecting tunnel.

[0032] In the field of tunnel excavation construction, due to the small diameter of the excavated tunnel, small-diameter tunneling machines (TBMs) are often used to excavate drainage corridors. Since the excavated slag cannot be transported by continuous belt conveyors, it can only be transported by rail-mounted slag hoppers 12 (hereinafter referred to as slag hoppers 12). Specifically, the rail-mounted slag hoppers 12 are first transported to the underground installation hole under the traction of railcars 11, and then the slag hoppers 12 are pushed to rotate by a preset trolley mechanism so that the slag hoppers 12 can realize the function of dumping slag.

[0033] Currently, there are two methods for unloading slag in existing rail-mounted slag hopper cars. The first method is to use a gantry crane to lift the slag hopper and tilt it to unload the slag. The second method is to use a rail-mounted shuttle car to unload (discharge) slag.

[0034] In order to ensure the lifting height of the gantry crane, the first method of unloading slag requires increasing the height of the excavation section of the installation chamber. As a result, the tunnel excavation volume of the first method of unloading slag is larger and the construction cost is higher.

[0035] Although the shuttle car in the second unloading method mentioned above can unload slag, the disadvantage of the shuttle car is that the loading and unloading speed is slow. Also, because the shuttle car is wide, the corresponding passing platform cannot be arranged in the tunnel of the drainage corridor. Only a single shuttle car can enter and exit, which affects the tunneling efficiency of the tunnel boring machine (TBM).

[0036] Firstly, in response to the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a rail-mounted muck hopper side-discharge system for small-diameter tunnels, aiming to solve the problems of large tunnel excavation volume, high construction cost, and impact on the tunneling efficiency of tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in existing related solutions. The system includes: a railcar 11 mounted on a rail, a rotatable muck hopper 12 mounted on the railcar 11, a switch door 8 mounted on the muck hopper 12, and a side-pushing mechanism 3 installed in the muck discharge tunnel. A muck hopper tilting assembly 7 for pushing the muck hopper 12 to tilt on the railcar 11 is connected between the side-pushing mechanism 3 and the muck hopper 12. The railcar 11 is equipped with a door lock mechanism 2 for unlocking or locking the switch door 8 when the muck hopper 12 is in a tilted state. A car body locking assembly 4 is also installed in the muck discharge tunnel to prevent the railcar 11 from tipping over due to the tilting of the muck hopper 12.

[0037] In actual operation, the railcar 11 can move along the track, the slag hopper 12 can be used for loading or unloading slag, and the opening and closing door 8 is used to open or close the slag hopper 12. When the slag hopper 12 does not need to be overturned (such as when the slag hopper 12 is transporting slag), the car body locking assembly can not only firmly connect the railcar 11 and the slag hopper 12 together when the slag hopper car (including the railcar 11 and the slag hopper 12) turns to the side, but also lock the opening and closing door 8 on the slag hopper 12 to prevent slag leakage due to the lateral thrust of the internal material, thereby increasing the structural stability of this application. During the overturning process of the slag hopper 12, the opening and closing door 8 will automatically open or close. At the same time, the door lock mechanism 2 will simultaneously unlock or lock. The car body locking assembly 9 can further lock the opening and closing door on the slag hopper. Thus, the present invention has a high degree of automation, is more convenient to use, and has better structural stability.

[0038] This invention uses the side-push mechanism 3 as a power source, enabling the application to automatically perform the muck dumping (muck turning) function without the need for a gantry crane. Therefore, this application does not require excavating a location for the gantry crane inside the tunnel, resulting in a smaller excavation volume, smaller footprint, and lower construction cost. At the same time, since the width of the muck hopper 12 is not limited and can be as small as possible, the safety distance between the sides of the muck hopper and the platform is large when the muck hopper 12 enters the tunnel boring machine (TBM) for muck loading. This facilitates smooth muck loading when the turning radius is small, thus ensuring that the construction efficiency of the TBM is not affected by this application and improving the construction efficiency of the TBM.

[0039] The door lock mechanism 2 includes a rotating shaft 21 mounted on the slag hopper 12 and a rotating shaft 22 mounted on the railcar 11. The rotating shaft 21 is connected to the rotating shaft 22 via a crank transmission assembly 23 so that the rotating shaft 22 can be rotated by the crank transmission assembly 23. The rotating shaft 22 is provided with a door stop assembly 24 corresponding to the opening and closing part 83 of the switch door 8.

[0040] In actual operation, the rotating shaft 21 can be installed on the rotating seat (not marked in the figure), and the rotating shaft 22 can be installed on the rotating seat (not marked in the figure). Both the rotating seat and the rotating shaft 22 can be installed on the railcar 11. The rotating shaft 21 rotates together with the slag hopper 12. When the slag hopper 12 rotates on the railcar 11, it will drive the rotating shaft 21 to rotate together.

[0041] In actual operation, when the rotating shaft 21 rotates, it can drive the rotating shaft 22 to rotate through the crank transmission assembly 23. When the rotating shaft 22 rotates, it will drive the door stop assembly 24 to rotate accordingly. Since the door stop assembly 24 is located at the opening and closing point 83 of the switch door 8, the door stop assembly 24 can release the door lock when rotating in the forward direction (clockwise), so that the switch door 8 can open automatically under the pushing force or gravity of the slag. When the door stop assembly 24 rotates counterclockwise, the switch door 8 can close automatically under the action of gravity (preferably, it also includes the wheelbarrow locking assembly 9), and lock the switch door 8 when it is closed. In this way, the automation level of this application is high and the safety hazards are small.

[0042] The crank drive assembly 23 includes a first crank 231 connected to and coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 21, and a second crank 232 connected to and coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 22. The first crank 231 is connected to the second crank 232 through a connecting rod drive member 233 and drives the second crank 232 to rotate.

[0043] In actual operation, the center line of the first crank 231 and the center line of the rotating shaft 21 are collinear, and the center line of the second crank 232 and the center line of the rotating shaft 22 are collinear. When the slag hopper 12 is tilted, it will drive the rotating shaft 21 to rotate. When the rotating shaft 21 rotates, it will drive the first crank 231 to rotate. Under the action of the connecting rod transmission component 233, the first crank 231 will continue to drive the second crank 232 to rotate. When the second crank 232 rotates, it will drive the rotating shaft 22 to rotate. In this way, the present application realizes the power transmission function of the crank transmission component 23, so that the rotating shaft 21 can indirectly drive the rotating shaft 22 to rotate.

[0044] The connecting rod transmission component 233 includes a connecting rod 2331, a first transmission rod 2332 disposed at the end of the first crank 231, and a second transmission rod 2333 disposed on the second crank 232. One end of the connecting rod 2331 is hinged to the first transmission rod 2332, and the other end is hinged to the second transmission rod 2333. Thus, this application achieves the arrangement of the connecting rod transmission component 233, under the action of the connecting rod transmission component 233, the first crank 231 can drive the second crank 232 to rotate.

[0045] The switch door 8 includes a door panel 81. One end of the door panel 81 is rotatably connected to the slag hopper 12 via a hinge 82, while the other end is in an unoccupied state and forms the opening / closing point 83 with the slag hopper 12. In this way, the switch door 8 is arranged as described in this application. In actual operation, the axis of the hinge 82 can be set vertically or horizontally.

[0046] In actual operation, the axis of hinge 82 is best set horizontally. At this time, hinge 82 can be set above door panel 81. When slag hopper 12 is not in the flipped state (such as when slag hopper 12 is transporting slag with rail car 11), the bottom of door panel 81 (i.e., opening and closing part 83) is in contact with the bottom of slag hopper 12 under the action of gravity and hopper car locking assembly 9. At this time, the opening and closing part 83 is in the closed state, and door stop assembly 24 will lock the opening and closing part 83. When slag hopper 12 is in the flipped state (such as when slag hopper 12 is dumping slag), under the action of gravity and hook 94 in hopper car locking assembly 9, the bottom of door panel 81 (i.e., opening and closing part 83) is separated from the bottom of slag hopper 12. The opening and closing part 83 is in the open state, and door stop assembly 24 will release the opening and closing part 83, and slag hopper 12 realizes the slag dumping function.

[0047] The door stop assembly 24 includes a finger-shaped stop 241 coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 22, and the finger-shaped stop 241 is fixed to the rotating shaft 22. In actual operation, one end of the finger-shaped stop 241 is welded to the rotating shaft 22, and the other end corresponds to the opening / closing point 83 of the switch door 8. When the second crank 232 rotates, it drives the rotating shaft 22 to rotate, and the finger-shaped stop 241 also rotates with the rotating shaft 22.

[0048] In actual operation, the finger-shaped stop 241 can also be sleeved on the rotating shaft 22, and the stop assembly 24 can also include a stop transmission component (not shown in the figure), which can be installed between the rotating shaft 22 and the second crank 232. When the second crank 232 rotates, it drives the finger-shaped stop 241 to swing up and down. Thus, this application provides another installation method and structure for the finger-shaped stop 241.

[0049] The railcar 11 is also equipped with a hopper car locking assembly 9 on the side near the door lock mechanism 2 to prevent the slag hopper 12 from tipping over. The hopper car locking assembly 9 includes a hook seat 91 and a locking hook 92. The hook seat 91 is installed on the railcar 11. One end of the locking hook 92 is rotatably installed on the second crank 232, and the other end is provided with a hook body 94 corresponding to the hook seat 91. A locking reinforcement member 93 is connected between the locking hook 92 and the railcar 11.

[0050] In actual operation, the locking hook 92 is rotatably mounted on the second crank 232 via the door stop transmission component 242. The slag hopper locking assembly 9 is not only used to lock when the slag hopper car (including the railcar 11 and slag hopper 12) turns laterally, but also to lock the switch door on the slag hopper to prevent slag leakage due to the lateral thrust of the internal material, thereby increasing the structural stability of this application.

[0051] When the slag hopper 12 does not need to rotate on the railcar 11 (such as when transporting slag), the slag hopper 12 and the railcar 11 can be firmly connected together by the hopper car locking assembly 9; when the slag hopper 12 needs to dump slag, the slag hopper car locking assembly 9 can be released, so that the slag hopper 12 can smoothly realize the slag dumping function.

[0052] The locking reinforcement component 93 includes a locking guide sleeve 95 that is slidably fitted onto the locking hook 92, and a locking guide block 96 disposed on the locking hook 92 and corresponding to the guide sleeve. The locking guide sleeve 95 can slide on the locking hook 92. When it is necessary to lock the locking hook 92 and the railcar 11 by means of the locking reinforcement component 93, the locking guide sleeve 95 and the locking guide block 96 can be placed together; when it is necessary to separate the locking hook 92 and the railcar 11 so that the slag hopper 12 can rotate smoothly, this application only needs to separate the locking guide sleeve 95 and the locking guide block 96. In this way, this application realizes the layout of the locking reinforcement component 93.

[0053] The contact point between the locking guide sleeve 95 and the locking guide block 96 is a wedge-shaped structure. Specifically, the locking guide sleeve 95 and the locking guide block 96 can both be configured as wedge-shaped structures at their contact points. This allows the present application to connect the locking hook 92 and the railcar 11 together when locking them, and to allow the locking guide sleeve 95 to slide on the locking hook 92 when separating them. Thus, the present application achieves the deployment of the locking reinforcement component 93.

[0054] The main function of the locking hook 93 is to connect the locking hook 92 and the railcar 11 together as needed, so that the slag hopper 12 can move together with the railcar 11. Alternatively, the locking hook 92 and the railcar 11 can be separated as needed, so that the slag hopper 12 can perform the slag dumping function.

[0055] In actual operation, while satisfying the above-mentioned locking function, the locking reinforcement 93 can also adopt other structures. For example, the locking reinforcement 93 can also include multiple first through holes (not shown in the figure) provided on the locking hook 92, multiple second through holes (not shown in the figure) provided on the railcar 11, and a preset positioning rod (not shown in the figure). Specifically: when it is necessary to connect the locking hook 92 and the railcar 11 together, the positioning rod can be passed through the first through hole and the second through hole; when it is necessary to separate the locking hook 92 and the railcar 11, the positioning rod can be removed from the first through hole and the second through hole.

[0056] The side-pushing mechanism 3 includes a side-pushing cylinder 31 disposed within the slag discharge hole, and a side-pushing piston rod 32 connected to the output end of the side-pushing cylinder 31. The unused end of the side-pushing piston rod 32 is connected to a front fork 33 for laterally pushing the slag hopper 12. In this way, the present invention realizes the arrangement of the side-pushing mechanism 3. The front fork 33 can cooperate with the tilting shaft 71 to laterally push the slag hopper 12 through the tilting shaft 71, thereby causing the slag hopper 12 to tilt.

[0057] The slag hopper tilting assembly 7 includes a tilting shaft 71 mounted on the slag hopper 12 and a rotatable limiting clip 72 mounted on the end of the front fork 33.

[0058] In actual operation, the slag hopper tilting assembly 7 is installed between the empty end (front fork 33) of the side push piston rod 32 and the upper end of the slag hopper 12. The side push cylinder 31 serves as the power source of the side push mechanism 3, allowing this application to push the slag hopper 12 laterally. The side push piston rod 32 serves as a power transmission component, driving the front fork 33 to extend or retract during the extension or retraction of the side push piston rod 32. In this way, this application can realize the tilting function of the slag hopper 12 under the action of the side push mechanism 3.

[0059] In actual operation, the main function of the slag hopper tilting assembly 7 is to push the slag hopper 12 to tilt under the action of the side push piston rod 32. The tilting shaft 71 is mainly used as the point of force application of the side push piston rod 32 to the slag hopper 12, and the front fork 33 is mainly used as the extension of the side push piston rod 32, so that the side push piston rod 32 can better apply lateral thrust to the slag hopper 12.

[0060] In actual operation, this application can use various flipping limit structures to limit the limit card 72 so that the side push piston rod 32 can push the slag hopper 12 to flip. As long as the flipping limit structure meets the following conditions: during the flipping process of the slag hopper 12 (forward flipping or reverse flipping), the flipping limit structure connects the side push piston rod 32 and the slag hopper 12 into a whole; when the slag hopper 12 has completed flipping or has not flipped, the flipping limit structure can separate the side push piston rod 32 and the slag hopper 12 by manual means.

[0061] For example, the flip-limiting structure can use the first flip-limiting component 73 and the second flip-limiting component 74 described below to limit the limiting card 72; the flip-limiting structure can also use an electromagnet or other means to connect the side-push piston rod 32 and the slag hopper 12. When energized, the side-push piston rod 32 and the slag hopper 12 are connected together, and when de-energized, the side-push piston rod 32 and the slag hopper 12 are separated; the flip-limiting structure can also use a detachable limiting pin. When the slag hopper 12 needs to rotate, the side-push piston rod 32 and the slag hopper 12 can be connected through the detachable limiting pin. When the slag hopper 12 does not need to rotate, the detachable limiting pin can be removed from the slag hopper 12, so that the side-push piston rod 32 and the slag hopper 12 are in a separated state.

[0062] Preferably, the front fork 33 is provided with a first flip-stop component 73 for limiting the stop card 72 when it rotates counterclockwise, and a second flip-stop component 74 for limiting the stop card 72 when it rotates clockwise is provided between the front fork 33 and the slag hopper 12.

[0063] In actual operation, the first flipping limit component 73 can be used to limit the counterclockwise stroke of the limit card 72 when the slag hopper 12 rotates; the second flipping limit component 74 can be used to limit the clockwise stroke of the limit card 72 when the slag hopper 12 rotates; finally, the side-push piston rod 32 of this application is set in the slag hole, which can not only be used to push the slag hopper 12 laterally so that the slag hopper 12 can be flipped, but also can always be connected to the slag hopper 12 when the slag hopper 12 is flipped, so that this application can conveniently and quickly achieve the flipping and reset function of the slag hopper 12. In this way, this application also realizes the side-push function of the slag hopper car.

[0064] The first tilting limiting assembly 73 includes a fixing pin 731 disposed on the front fork 33. The fixing pin 731 is located between the side-push piston rod 32 and the end of the limiting card 72 away from the slag hopper 12. The fixing pin 731 can limit the travel of the limiting card 72 when it rotates counterclockwise, thereby improving the structural stability of this application.

[0065] The limiting card 72 has a stepped groove 732 on the side near the fixing pin 731, and the outer wall of the fixing pin 731 contacts the side wall of the stepped groove 732. The stepped groove 732 can serve as a rotation limit point for the fixing pin 731 and the limiting card 72, which not only makes it easier for the fixing pin 731 to perform a counterclockwise limiting function on the limiting card 72, but also reduces the collision noise generated when the fixing pin 731 limits the limiting card 72, thus making this application more convenient to use.

[0066] The second tilting and limiting assembly 74 includes a detachable limiting pin 741 disposed on the slag hopper 12. The limiting pin 741 is located between the tilting shaft 71 and the limiting clip 72 near the end of the slag hopper 12. The limiting pin 741 can limit the limiting clip 72 when it rotates clockwise, preventing the limiting clip 72 from traveling too far during clockwise rotation, thereby improving the structural stability of this application.

[0067] In actual operation, the limiting pin 741 is a detachable pin that can be removed from the front fork 33 as needed. At this time, the limiting pin 741 does not limit the limiting card 72, and the front fork and the slag hopper can be separated freely. The limiting pin 741 can also be set on the front fork to limit the limiting card 72. At this time, the front fork 33 can push the slag hopper 12 to flip forward or pull the slag hopper 12 to flip backward.

[0068] The second flip-limit component 74 also includes a flip-reset spring 742 for resetting the limit card 72, so that the limit card 72 can more easily realize the reset function, thereby making the use of this application more convenient.

[0069] A flip-reset spring is sleeved on the limiting rotation shaft 21. One end of the flip-reset spring is connected to the front fork 33, and the other end is connected to the end of the limiting clip 72 near the slag hopper 12. In this way, the flip-reset spring is arranged, making the application more convenient to use.

[0070] The front fork 33 is generally U-shaped. One end of the front fork 33 is connected to an anti-rollover seat 75, and the other end is connected to a pointed insert 76. The middle part of the front fork 33 corresponds to the tilting shaft 71, and the limiting clip 72 is installed on the anti-rollover seat 75. In this way, the front fork 33 is arranged in this way, and the use of this application is more convenient under the function of the front fork 33.

[0071] The lower end of the side-push cylinder 31 is also provided with a lifting pit 56 arranged in the slag discharge hole. The lifting pit 56 is equipped with a lifting mechanism 5 for supporting the side-push cylinder 31. The lifting pit 56 can be used to place the side-push cylinder 31 and the lifting mechanism 5, so that this application does not need to set up a workbench to place the side-push cylinder 31 and the lifting mechanism 5, thereby reducing the production cost of this application; the lifting mechanism 5 can be used to support the side-push cylinder 31 to increase the structural stability of this application.

[0072] The lifting mechanism 5 includes a lifting cylinder 51 disposed in the lifting pit 56, and a lifting piston rod 52 connected to the output end of the lifting cylinder 51. The unused end of the lifting piston rod 52 is connected to a lifting seat 53 for supporting the side push cylinder 31.

[0073] In actual operation, the lifting cylinder 51 serves as the power source for the lifting mechanism 5, enabling this application to lift the side-push cylinder 31. The lifting piston rod 52 serves as a power transmission component, which drives the lifting seat 53 to rise or fall during the extension or retraction of the lifting piston rod 52. This allows the lifting seat 53 to always be in contact with the side-push cylinder 31 according to its position. In this way, the application can achieve the lifting function of the lifting cylinder 51 under the action of the lifting seat 53.

[0074] The unused end of the lifting piston rod 52 is connected to a rotatable hinge seat 54, and the lifting seat 53 is mounted on the hinge seat 54. In this way, the angle between the center line of the hinge seat 54 and the center line of the lifting piston rod 52 can be adjusted as needed, thereby making the lifting cylinder 51 more practical and applicable to a wider range.

[0075] One end of the lifting seat 53 is provided with a buffer pad 55 corresponding to the side-push cylinder 31, and the other end is rotatably mounted on the hinge seat 54. In this way, the angle range between the center line of the lifting seat 53 and the center line of the hinge seat 54 can be adjusted as needed, thereby making the lifting cylinder 51 more practical and applicable to a wider range.

[0076] In actual operation, this application rotatably mounts the hinge seat 54 on the lifting piston rod 52, mainly for coarse adjustment of the position of the hinge seat 54. The lifting seat 53 is rotatably mounted on the hinge seat 54, mainly for further fine adjustment of the position of the lifting seat 53 based on the above coarse adjustment of the hinge seat 54. In this way, under the combined effect of the above two-stage rotation angle adjustment methods, this application can better enable the lifting mechanism 5 to achieve the lifting function.

[0077] In actual operation, this application can achieve the rotation setting of the hinge seat 54 and the support seat 53 through a ratchet and pawl mechanism, or through other structures (mechanisms). The main purpose is to enable the hinge seat 54 and the support seat 53 to rotate to the appropriate position and then limit their movement. The rotation setting method of the hinge seat 54 and the support seat 53 is a conventional technology in this field and will not be described in detail here.

[0078] The car body locking assembly 4 includes an anti-rollover cylinder 41, a swing rod 42, and a swing seat 43. One end of the swing rod 42 is hinged to the swing seat 43, and the other end is connected to a fixed arm 44 for preventing the railcar 11 from rolling over. The middle part of the swing rod 42 is hinged to the output end of the anti-rollover cylinder 41.

[0079] In actual operation, the car body locking assembly 4 can be used to prevent the railcar 11 from tipping over when the slag hopper 12 is rotating; at the same time, in the car body anti-tipping mechanism, the anti-tipping cylinder 41 can be used as a power source to pull the swing rod 42; the swing rod 42 can be used as a power transmission component to pull the fixed arm 44 to swing inside the tunnel, and the free end of the fixed arm 44 (the end away from the anti-tipping seat 75) can be used to limit the railcar 11 to prevent the railcar 11 from tipping over. In this way, under the joint action of the anti-tipping cylinder 41, the swing rod 42 and the fixed arm 44, this application also realizes the functions of preventing the railcar from tipping over and locking the railcar.

[0080] Secondly, in order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0081] A method for side-discharging slag hoppers in small-diameter tunnels includes the following steps:

[0082] S1. The slag hopper 12 moves to the slag unloading tunnel along with the rail car 11. The side push mechanism 3 located in the slag unloading tunnel pushes the slag hopper 12 through the slag hopper tilting assembly 7 so that the slag hopper 12 can be tilted in the forward direction in the slag unloading tunnel.

[0083] In actual operation, in step S1 above, the railcar 11 (or flatbed car) first transports the slag bucket 12 to the designated position in the slag tunnel. When the slag bucket 12 does not flip forward or backward, under the action of the slag car locking assembly 9, the slag bucket 12 and the railcar 11 are connected into a whole. The slag bucket 12 will not tip over under the action of gravity. At this time, the opening and closing door 8 is in the locked state.

[0084] In actual operation, the side-push mechanism 3 mainly uses the side-push cylinder 31 to sequentially push the slag hopper tilting assembly 7 and the upper end of the slag hopper 12 to tilt the slag hopper 12 in the forward direction. The main function of this forward tilting is to enable the slag hopper 12 to perform the slag emptying function, and it can rotate clockwise (e.g., ...). Figures 1-2 As shown), it can also be rotated counterclockwise.

[0085] In actual operation, the working principles of the side push mechanism 3 and the slag hopper tilting assembly 7 are described in the above text and will not be repeated here.

[0086] S2. The car body locking assembly 4 located in the slag unloading tunnel limits the rail car 11 to prevent the rail car 11 from overturning during the forward or reverse flipping of the slag hopper 12.

[0087] In step S2 above, the anti-tipping cylinder 41 pushes the fixed arm 44 to rotate through the swing rod 42 so that the fixed arm 44 can limit the rail carriage 11, thereby preventing the rail carriage 11 from tipping over during the rotation of the slag hopper 12 (forward or reverse flipping). The working principle of the car body locking component 4 can be referred to the description of the car body locking component 4 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0088] S3. When the slag hopper 12 is flipped in the forward direction, the door lock mechanism 2 unlocks the switch door 8 on the slag hopper 12 until the switch door 8 is opened. At this time, the slag hopper 12 realizes the slag dumping function.

[0089] In step S3 above, when the slag hopper 12 is flipped in the forward direction, the side push cylinder 31 in the side push mechanism 3 is in the extended state, and the crank transmission assembly 23, the connecting rod transmission component 233 and the door stop assembly 24 are all flipped in the forward direction. The door lock mechanism 2 unlocks and opens the door 8 so that the slag hopper 12 can dump slag simultaneously. The side push cylinder 31 in the side push mechanism 3 serves as the power source, and the crank transmission assembly 23 and the door stop assembly 24 in the door lock mechanism 2 flip in the forward direction (such as clockwise) simultaneously so that the door lock mechanism 2 can unlock the door 8, so that the slag hopper 12 can realize the slag dumping function when it rotates to a certain extent.

[0090] In actual operation, the principle of unlocking the door lock mechanism 2 and the principle of dumping slag in the slag hopper 12 can be found in the description of the door lock mechanism 2 above. The above step S3 includes the following steps:

[0091] S31, the lifting cylinder 51 adjusts the position of the side push cylinder 31 by lifting piston rod 52, the side push cylinder 31 extends the side push piston rod 32, and the side push piston rod 32 inserts the front fork 33 into the corresponding position with the tilting shaft 71.

[0092] S32 and limit card 72, under the combined action of the first flip limit component 73 and the second flip limit component 74, connect the front fork 33 and the slag bucket 12 together;

[0093] S33, the lifting cylinder 51 causes the lifting piston rod 52 to retract, so as to separate the lifting mechanism 5 and the side push mechanism 3, release the locking fastener 93 on the hopper car locking assembly 9, and separate the hook seat 91 and the locking hook 92, so that the slag bucket 12 can rotate on the rail car 11.

[0094] S34. Under the action of the tilting shaft 71, the slag hopper 12 rotates clockwise. The slag hopper 12 drives the door stop assembly 24 to rotate clockwise through the rotating shaft 21, the first crank 231, the connecting rod transmission component 233, the second crank 232 and the rotating shaft 22 in sequence. The process of the door stop assembly 24 rotating clockwise is also the unlocking process. Since the slag hopper 12 changes from a vertical state to an inclined state at this time, the opening and closing door 8 will automatically open under the action of gravity. In this way, the slag hopper 12 realizes the slag dumping function.

[0095] S4. After the slag hopper 12 finishes emptying the slag, the slag hopper 12 flips in the reverse direction inside the slag discharge hole until the opening and closing door 8 is closed. At this time, the door lock mechanism 2 locks the opening and closing door 8.

[0096] In step S4 above, when the slag hopper 12 is reversed, the side push cylinder 31 in the side push mechanism 3 is in a retracted state, and the crank transmission assembly 23, the connecting rod transmission component 233, and the door stop assembly 24 are all reversed. The door lock mechanism 2 locks the switch door 8 and closes the switch door 8 so that the slag hopper 12 can be dumped synchronously. The side push cylinder 31 in the side push mechanism 3 serves as a power source, and the crank transmission assembly 23 and the door stop assembly 24 in the door lock mechanism 2 are synchronously reversed (such as counterclockwise) so that the switch door 8 is closed and the door lock mechanism 2 locks the switch door 8.

[0097] After the slag hopper 12 completes its reverse flip (i.e., after the slag hopper 12 returns to its original position), the door panel 81 in the opening and closing door 8 is in a naturally closed state under the action of gravity. At this time, the door stop assembly 24 will lock the opening and closing door 8. The principle of the door lock mechanism 2 in locking and the principle of the opening and closing door 8 can be found in the description of the door lock mechanism 2 and the opening and closing door 8 above. Specifically:

[0098] In actual operation, the principle of unlocking the door lock mechanism 2 and the principle of dumping slag in the slag hopper 12 can be found in the description of the door lock mechanism 2 above. Step S4 above includes the following steps:

[0099] S41, the side-push piston rod 32 retracts, and under the action (blocking) of the limit card 72, the side-push piston rod 32 pulls the flipping shaft 71 to make the slag hopper 12 rotate in the opposite direction (counterclockwise);

[0100] S42, the slag hopper 12 drives the door stop assembly 24 to rotate in the opposite direction (counterclockwise) via the rotating shaft 21, the first crank 231, the connecting rod transmission component 233, the second crank 232 and the rotating shaft 22 in sequence. The process of the door stop assembly 24 rotating in the opposite direction (counterclockwise) is also the locking process. Since the slag hopper 12 changes from an inclined state to a vertical state at this time, the opening and closing door 8 will automatically close under the action of gravity. In this way, the slag hopper 12 also realizes the reset function.

[0101] S43. Manually rotate the limit card 72 to make the limit card 72 in an inclined position, remove the limit pin, and separate the front fork 33 from the slag hopper 12.

[0102] S44. Reset the limit card 72, extend the lifting piston rod 52 through the lifting cylinder 51 so that the lifting mechanism 5 and the side push mechanism 3 can contact each other, and connect the hook seat 91 and the locking hook 92 together through the locking reinforcement 93 on the wheelbarrow locking assembly 9.

[0103] S5. After the door lock mechanism 2 locks the door 8, the vehicle body locking assembly 4 and the side push mechanism 3 are reset.

[0104] In actual operation, after the car body locking assembly 4 and the side push mechanism 3 are reset, the side push cylinder 31 in the side push mechanism 3 separates from the slag bucket 12, and the slag bucket locking assembly 9 firmly connects the slag bucket 12 and the railcar 11 together. At this point, the side unloading process of this application is completed, and the next fully loaded slag bucket car (including the railcar 11 and the slag bucket 12) is in place, ready to unload slag.

[0105] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0106] 1. This application uses the side-push mechanism 3 as a power source, which can realize the muck dumping (muck turning) function on its own, and there is no need to set up a gantry crane. Therefore, this application does not need to excavate a position for placing the gantry crane in the tunnel. Thus, the excavation volume, land occupation and construction cost of this application are small.

[0107] 2. Since the width of the slag hopper 12 in this application is not limited, the width of the slag hopper 12 can be as small as possible. In this way, when the slag hopper 12 enters the tunneling machine (TBM) for slag loading, the platforms on both sides of the slag hopper 12 can be as wide as possible, thereby reducing the construction efficiency of the tunneling machine (TBM) and improving the construction efficiency of the tunneling machine (TBM).

[0108] 3. The anti-rollover mechanism of the car body can be used to prevent the railcar 11 from rolling over when the slag hopper 12 is rotating. Under the joint action of the anti-rollover cylinder 41, swing rod 42 and fixed arm 44, the anti-rollover function is also realized in this application. When the door stop assembly 24 is rotated clockwise, the door lock is released so that the opening and closing door 8 can be opened by itself under the pushing force or gravity of the slag. When the door stop assembly 24 is rotated counterclockwise, the opening and closing door 8 can be closed by itself with the help of the staff or under the action of gravity, and the opening and closing door 8 is locked when it is closed. In this way, the automation level of this application is high and the safety hazards are small.

[0109] 4. The side-push piston rod 32 of this application is set inside the slag hole. It can not only be used to push the slag bucket 12 laterally so that the slag bucket 12 can be flipped, but also always be connected to the slag bucket 12 when the slag bucket 12 is flipped. This allows the application to easily and quickly achieve the function of flipping and resetting the slag bucket 12. In this way, the application also realizes the side-push function of the slag bucket car.

[0110] 5. This application can securely connect the slag hopper 12 and the railcar 11 together through the hopper car locking assembly 9; when this application requires the slag hopper 12 to rotate on the railcar 11 (such as when dumping slag), this application can release the hopper car locking assembly 9, so that the slag hopper 12 can smoothly realize the slag dumping function.

[0111] 6. The lifting pit 56 can be used to place the side push cylinder 31 and the lifting mechanism 5, which eliminates the need for a workbench to place the side push cylinder 31 and the lifting mechanism 5, thereby reducing the production cost of this application; the lifting mechanism 5 can be used to support the side push cylinder 31 to increase the structural stability of this application.

[0112] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A side-discharge method for a rail-mounted slag hopper side-discharge system used in small-diameter tunnels, characterized in that, The system includes a railcar (11) mounted on a track, a rotatable slag hopper (12) mounted on the railcar (11), a switch door (8) mounted on the slag hopper (12), and a side-push mechanism (3) mounted inside the slag discharge hole. A slag hopper flipping assembly (7) for pushing the slag hopper (12) to flip on the railcar (11) is connected between the side-push mechanism (3) and the slag hopper (12). A door lock mechanism (2) for unlocking or locking the switch door (8) when the slag hopper (12) is in the flipped state is also provided inside the slag discharge hole for preventing the railcar (11) from tipping over due to the flipping of the slag hopper (12). The door lock mechanism (2) includes a rotating shaft (21) disposed on the slag hopper (12) and a rotating shaft (22) disposed on the railcar (11). The rotating shaft (21) is connected to the rotating shaft (22) through a crank transmission assembly (23) so as to drive the rotating shaft (22) to rotate through the crank transmission assembly (23). The rotating shaft (22) is provided with a door stop assembly (24) corresponding to the opening and closing part (83) of the switch door (8). The railcar (11) is also equipped with a hopper car locking assembly (9) on the side near the door lock mechanism (2) to prevent the slag hopper (12) from overturning on its own. The hopper car locking assembly (9) includes a hook seat (91) and a car locking hook (92). The hook seat (91) is installed on the railcar (11). One end of the car locking hook (92) is rotatably installed on the second crank (232), and the other end is provided with a hook body (94) corresponding to the hook seat (91). A car locking reinforcement component (93) is connected between the car locking hook (92) and the railcar (11). The side unloading method of the small-diameter tunnel track-mounted slag hopper side unloading system includes the following steps: the slag hopper (12) moves to the slag unloading tunnel along with the track car (11), and the side push mechanism (3) located in the slag unloading tunnel pushes the slag hopper (12) through the slag hopper flipping assembly (7) so that the slag hopper (12) can be flipped in the forward direction in the slag unloading tunnel; The car body locking assembly (4) located inside the slag unloading tunnel limits the railcar (11) to prevent the railcar (11) from overturning during the forward or reverse overturning of the slag hopper (12); When the slag hopper (12) is flipped in the forward direction, the door lock mechanism (2) unlocks the switch door (8) on the slag hopper (12) until the switch door (8) is opened. At this time, the slag hopper (12) realizes the slag dumping function. After the slag hopper (12) finishes emptying the slag, the slag hopper (12) flips in the reverse direction in the slag discharge hole until the door (8) is closed. At this time, the door lock mechanism (2) locks the door (8). After the door lock mechanism (2) locks the door (8), the vehicle body locking assembly (4) and the side push mechanism (3) reset.

2. The side-discharge method for a rail-mounted slag hopper side-discharge system for small-diameter tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crank drive assembly (23) includes a first crank (231) connected to and coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft (21), and a second crank (232) connected to and coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft (22). The first crank (231) is connected to the second crank (232) through a connecting rod drive (233) and drives the second crank (232) to rotate.

3. The side-discharge method for a rail-mounted slag hopper side-discharge system for small-diameter tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The door stop assembly (24) includes a finger-shaped door stop (241) coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft (22), and the finger-shaped door stop (241) is fixed on the rotating shaft (22).

4. The side-discharge method for a rail-mounted slag hopper side-discharge system applied to a small-diameter tunnel as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The side-push mechanism (3) includes a side-push cylinder (31) installed in the slag discharge hole and a side-push piston rod (32) connected to the output end of the side-push cylinder (31). The spare end of the side-push piston rod (32) is connected to a fork (33) for laterally pushing the slag bucket (12).

5. The side-discharge method for a rail-mounted slag hopper side-discharge system for small-diameter tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The slag hopper tilting assembly (7) includes a tilting shaft (71) mounted on the slag hopper (12) and a rotatable retaining clip (72) mounted on the end of the fork (33).

6. The side-discharge method for a rail-mounted slag hopper side-discharge system for small-diameter tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The lower end of the side-push cylinder (31) is also provided with a lifting pit (56) arranged in the slag discharge hole, and a lifting mechanism (5) for supporting the side-push cylinder (31) is installed in the lifting pit (56).

7. The side-discharge method for a rail-mounted slag hopper side-discharge system for small-diameter tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle body locking assembly (4) includes an anti-rollover cylinder (41), a swing rod (42) and a swing seat (43). One end of the swing rod (42) is hinged to the swing seat (43), and the other end is connected to a fixed arm (44) for preventing the railcar (11) from rolling over. The middle part of the swing rod (42) is hinged to the output end of the anti-rollover cylinder (41).

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