Hydrogen demand taking into account mixed water power hydrogen production cost evaluation method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of hydrogen demand's mixed water and electricity hydrogen production cost evaluation method, and hydrogen production cost evaluation method is carried out cost evaluation by calculating the equalization hydrogen production cost of system under the minimum total operating cost of mixed water and electricity hydrogen production system;Evaluation method includes the difference characteristics based on cascade hydropower and runoff type hydropower, establishes mixed water power generation model;Establish the hydrogen energy substitution model of hydrogen demand;Utilize electrolytic cell, compressor, hydrogen storage tank, energy storage equipment to establish electric hydrogen production supply chain model;In combination with step one, step two and step three, with the minimum total operating cost of mixed water and electricity hydrogen production system as the goal, establish mixed water and electricity hydrogen production system model, solve the hydrogen production cost of evaluation system, the real operating condition of simulation hydropower can be used in the evaluation method of the application, realize the cost of mixed water and electricity hydrogen production is effectively evaluated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of integrated energy system applications, specifically a method for evaluating the cost of hybrid hydropower hydrogen production that takes into account hydrogen demand. Background Technology

[0002] The traditional energy structure is undergoing a major transformation. Large-scale integration of renewable energy generation into the grid introduces numerous uncontrollable factors, making the effective absorption of renewable energy a critical issue. Hydrogen energy, as an important secondary energy source on par with electricity, holds immense value in absorbing renewable energy and long-term energy storage. Renewable energy electrolysis of hydrogen, as a zero-carbon emission method, is gradually becoming a significant source of hydrogen supply. However, current research on renewable energy electrolysis of hydrogen focuses primarily on wind and solar power generation, lacking research on hydrogen production from hydropower. Furthermore, there is a lack of sophisticated modeling for hydropower generation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for evaluating the cost of hydrogen production by hybrid hydropower that takes into account hydrogen demand. This method can be used to simulate the actual operation of hydropower and evaluate the cost of hydrogen production by hybrid hydropower. It solves the problems of the lack of refined modeling for hydropower and the lack of research on hydrogen production by hydropower.

[0004] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for evaluating the cost of hybrid hydropower hydrogen production that takes into account hydrogen demand is proposed. This method evaluates the cost by calculating the levelized cost of hydrogen production of the system at the minimum total operating cost of the hybrid hydropower hydrogen production system.

[0006] The hybrid hydropower hydrogen production system includes cascade hydropower, run-of-river hydropower, an electrolyzer, a compressor, a hydrogen storage tank, and a battery. Cascade hydropower and run-of-river hydropower generate electricity. The electrolyzer is used to convert the electricity into hydrogen energy. The compressor is used to compress the converted hydrogen energy, which is then stored in the hydrogen storage tank. The remaining electricity is stored in the battery.

[0007] Furthermore, the evaluation method specifically includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Based on the differences between cascade hydropower and run-of-river hydropower, establish a hybrid hydropower generation model.

[0009] Step 2: Establish a hydrogen energy substitution model for hydrogen demand.

[0010] Step 3: Establish an electro-hydrogen production supply chain model using electrolyzers, compressors, hydrogen storage tanks, and energy storage equipment.

[0011] Step 4: Combining Step 1, Step 2, and Step 3, with the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the hybrid hydropower hydrogen production system, establish a model of the hybrid hydropower hydrogen production system and solve for the hydrogen production cost of the system.

[0012] Furthermore, the method for establishing the hybrid hydropower generation model in step one is as follows:

[0013] The power generation and reserve capacity constraints for cascade hydropower are as follows:

[0014]

[0015]

[0016]

[0017]

[0018] in, and Let be the generating power and reserve power of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed of the s-th region at time t. Let be the water inflow of the first cascade hydropower station in the s-th region located in the m-th watershed (affected by the upstream region within the same watershed). Let be the reservoir overflow of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed of the s-th region at time t. Let be the existing installed capacity of the nth cascade hydropower station in the s-th region located in the m-th watershed. and These are the water heads of the nth and (n-1th)th cascade hydropower stations in the sth region located in the m-th watershed, respectively. Let be the reservoir capacity of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed of the s-th region at time t-1. Let be the minimum allowable capacity of the reservoir of the nth cascade hydropower station located in the m-th watershed in the s-th region.

[0019] The reservoir capacity constraints for cascade hydropower projects are:

[0020]

[0021]

[0022]

[0023]

[0024] in, Let be the reservoir capacity of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed of the s-th region at time t. Let the maximum allowable capacity of the reservoir of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed be the s-th region. and These represent the reservoir capacities of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th basin of the s-th region at the start and end of the scheduling process, respectively.

[0025] The constraints on run-of-river hydropower generation and reserve power are:

[0026]

[0027]

[0028]

[0029] in, and These represent the runoff hydropower generation capacity and reserve capacity of the s-th region at time t, respectively. For the existing installed capacity of run-of-river hydropower stations in region s, T max For the maximum scheduling time, Let be the annual utilization hours of the run-of-river hydropower station in the s-th region.

[0030] Furthermore, the method for establishing the hydrogen energy substitution model for hydrogen demand in step two is as follows:

[0031] (1) Hydrogen can replace coal in the industrial field:

[0032]

[0033] in, ρ represents the hydrogen substitution value in the industrial sector of the s-th region. STL and ρ NH3 These represent the hydrogen demand per kilogram of steel produced in the steel industry and per kilogram of ammonia produced in the synthetic ammonia industry, respectively. In the steel industry, this value encompasses two aspects: firstly, hydrogen provides heat for steelmaking through high-temperature fuel cells; secondly, hydrogen directly participates in steelmaking as a reducing agent. In the synthetic ammonia industry, hydrogen is converted into ammonia through the Haber ammonia reactor, with a conversion efficiency of approximately 67%. ω STL and ω NH3 These represent the percentage of substitution in end-user demand in the steel and synthetic ammonia sectors, respectively. and These represent the annual product output of the steel and synthetic ammonia sectors in the s-th region, respectively.

[0034] (2) Hydrogen energy can replace gasoline and diesel in the transportation sector:

[0035]

[0036]

[0037]

[0038] in, Let be the hydrogen substitution value in the transportation sector of the s-th region. and These represent the hydrogen substitution values ​​for gasoline and diesel in the s-th region, ρ. S-FC / M-FC / MD-FC / HD-FC ω represents the fuel substitution ratio of different types of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, such as Subcompact-FC (S-FC), Midsize-FC (M-FC), Medium-duty class 3-FC (MD-FC), and Heavy-duty class 8-FC (HD-FC), for passenger cars, medium-sized passenger cars, large passenger cars, and medium- and heavy-duty trucks. S-FC / M-FC / MD-FC / HD-FC These represent the percentage of vehicles that S-FC, M-FC, MD-FC, and HD-FC replace for their respective vehicle types. These represent the number of vehicles of the corresponding type in the s-th region; and Let represent the annual gasoline consumption and annual diesel consumption of the s-th region, respectively.

[0039] (3) Total substitution of hydrogen energy in the industrial and transportation sectors:

[0040]

[0041] in, Let be the total amount of hydrogen energy that can be replaced in the industrial and transportation sectors in the s-th region.

[0042] Furthermore, the method for establishing the hydrogen production supply chain model in step three is as follows:

[0043] Electricity balance in the hydrogen production supply chain system:

[0044]

[0045] in, and Let be the charging and discharging power of the battery energy storage in the s-th region at time t. Let be the net electrical load of the s-th region at time t. Let be the input electrical power of the electrolyzer (elz) in the s-th region at time t. Let be the input electrical power of the compressor in the s-th region at time t.

[0046] Backup power constraints in the electric hydrogen production supply chain system:

[0047]

[0048] in, Let be the battery energy storage reserve power of the s-th region at time t.

[0049] Constraints on renewable energy generation in the hydrogen production supply chain system:

[0050]

[0051] Where β represents the lowest percentage of renewable energy generation.

[0052] Equipment capacity constraints in the electro-hydrogen production supply chain system:

[0053]

[0054] in, and The configuration capacities of ELZ, compressor (hc), hydrogen storage tank (hs), battery charge / discharge (eps), and battery storage (ees) for the s-th region are respectively.

[0055] Battery energy storage operation constraints:

[0056]

[0057]

[0058]

[0059]

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] in, and η represents the battery storage capacity of the s-th region at time t and time t-1, respectively. es+ and η es- These are the charging and discharging efficiencies of the battery, respectively. and These represent the battery storage capacity of the s-th region at the start and end of the scheduling process, respectively.

[0063] Electrolyzer operating constraints:

[0064]

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] in, This represents the operating status of the electrolytic cell in the s-th region at time t. A value of 1 indicates that the electrolytic cell is operating, and a value of 0 indicates that the electrolytic cell is not operating.

[0068] Compressor operating constraints:

[0069]

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] in, Let η be the hydrogen flow rate input to the compressor in region s at time t. elz ε is the conversion efficiency of ELZ, lhv is the lower heating value of hydrogen combustion, and ω is the unit power consumption of the compressor.

[0073] Hydrogen storage tank operating constraints:

[0074]

[0075]

[0076]

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] in, The hydrogen flow rate input to the hydrogen storage tank in region s at time t is... Let σ be the hydrogen load of the s-th region at time t. hc The hydrogen filling and discharging loss rate of the hydrogen storage tank. and Let be the hydrogen storage capacity of the s-th region at time t and time t-1, respectively. and These represent the hydrogen storage capacity of the s-th region at the start and end of the scheduling process, respectively.

[0080] Hydrogen load constraints:

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] Furthermore, the specific method for establishing the hybrid water-electricity hydrogen production system model in step three is as follows:

[0084] (1) The objective function of the hybrid hydropower hydrogen production cost assessment model that takes into account hydrogen demand is:

[0085]

[0086]

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] Among them, COST s Let C be the total system cost for the s-th region. inv,s C om,s and C op,s These represent the annual system investment cost, annual fixed operation and maintenance cost, and annual variable operation and maintenance cost for the s-th region, respectively. The annual investment cost of the i-th type of equipment is, and These represent the annual investment costs of elz, hc, hs, eps, and ees, respectively. The annual fixed maintenance cost of the i-th type of equipment is, and These represent the annual fixed maintenance costs of elz, hc, hs, eps, and ees, respectively. This represents the annual fixed operation and maintenance cost of hydropower. This indicates the annual variable operation and maintenance cost of hydropower.

[0090] The capital recovery factor for the i-th type of equipment is κ. i , i.e. κ elz κ hc κ hs κ eps and κ ees Let represent the capital recovery factors of ELZ, HC, HS, EPS, and EE, respectively, and their values ​​are calculated as follows:

[0091]

[0092] Where r is the discount rate, N i Let be the lifespan of the corresponding i-th type of device.

[0093] (2) At this point, the levelized cost of hydrogen production (LCOH) can be calculated to minimize the total system cost:

[0094]

[0095]

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] in, and These represent the annual investment cost, annual fixed operation and maintenance cost, and annual variable operation and maintenance cost related to the hydrogen production system in the s-th region, respectively. i′ , and These represent the capital recovery factor, annual investment cost, and equipment configuration capacity for equipment simultaneously involved in hydrogen production and power generation, respectively, including κ. eps κ ees , and κ i″ , and The capital recovery factor, annual investment cost, and equipment configuration capacity for equipment solely involved in hydrogen production are κ, respectively. elz , and This represents the annual fixed maintenance cost of equipment that simultaneously participates in hydrogen production and power generation, including and This represents the annual fixed maintenance cost of equipment involved only in hydrogen production.

[0099] The proportion of hydrogen production and power consumption in region s to the total power consumption of the system is determined by α. s The calculation is as follows:

[0100]

[0101] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0102] 1. The present invention's hybrid hydropower hydrogen production cost assessment method, based on a hybrid hydropower hydrogen production model, firstly establishes a hybrid hydropower generation model. This model separately models the differences between cascade hydropower and run-of-river hydropower, effectively representing the actual operation of hydropower. Secondly, for provincial regions, considering the substitution effect of hydrogen energy on fossil fuels in traditional industries and transportation, a regional hydrogen demand model considering hydrogen energy substitution is modeled, accurately predicting regional hydrogen demand. Then, for the remaining components in the model, such as electrolyzers, compressors, hydrogen storage tanks, and energy storage equipment, an electrohydrogen production supply chain model is established. Finally, with the goal of minimizing the total system operating cost, a hybrid hydropower hydrogen production system model is established. This hybrid hydropower hydrogen production cost assessment method, which takes hydrogen demand into account, evaluates the cost by calculating the levelized cost of hydrogen production of the system under the condition of minimizing the total system operating cost.

[0103] 2. Compared with existing methods, the hybrid hydropower hydrogen production cost assessment method of this invention can effectively simulate the real operation of hydropower and assess the cost of hybrid hydropower hydrogen production. Attached Figure Description

[0104] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0105] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the hybrid water-electricity hydrogen production system of the present invention;

[0106] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the method for cost assessment of hydrogen production using mixed water and electricity according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0107] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0108] A method for cost assessment of hybrid hydropower hydrogen production that takes into account hydrogen demand, such as Figure 1 As shown, the hybrid hydropower hydrogen production system that takes into account hydrogen demand includes cascade hydropower, run-of-river hydropower, an electrolyzer, a compressor, a hydrogen storage tank, and a battery. The cascade hydropower and run-of-river hydropower generate electricity, the electrolyzer is used to convert the electricity into hydrogen energy, the compressor is used to compress the converted hydrogen energy and store it in the hydrogen storage tank, and the remaining electricity is stored in the battery, thereby achieving real-time power balance.

[0109] like Figure 2 As shown, the cost assessment method for hydrogen production using hybrid hydropower specifically includes the following steps:

[0110] Step 1: Establish a hybrid hydropower generation model:

[0111] Separate models were developed for the differences between cascade hydropower and run-of-river hydropower, effectively representing the actual operation of hydropower. The power generation and reserve power constraints for cascade hydropower are as follows:

[0112]

[0113]

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] in, and Let be the generating power and reserve power of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed of the s-th region at time t. Let be the water inflow of the first cascade hydropower station in the s-th region located in the m-th watershed (affected by the upstream region within the same watershed). Let be the reservoir overflow of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed of the s-th region at time t. Let be the existing installed capacity of the nth cascade hydropower station in the s-th region located in the m-th watershed. and These are the water heads of the nth and (n-1th)th cascade hydropower stations in the sth region located in the m-th watershed, respectively. Let be the reservoir capacity of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed of the s-th region at time t-1. Let the minimum allowable capacity of the reservoir of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed of the s-th region be the minimum allowable capacity of the reservoir.

[0117] The reservoir capacity constraints for cascade hydropower projects are:

[0118]

[0119]

[0120]

[0121]

[0122] in, Let be the reservoir capacity of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed of the s-th region at time t. Let the maximum allowable capacity of the reservoir of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed be the s-th region. and These are the reservoir capacities of the nth cascade hydropower station in the sth region, located in the m-th watershed, at the start and end of the dispatching process, respectively.

[0123] The constraints on run-of-river hydropower generation and reserve power are:

[0124]

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] in, and These represent the runoff hydropower generation capacity and reserve capacity of the s-th region at time t, respectively. For the existing installed capacity of run-of-river hydropower stations in region s, T max For the maximum scheduling time, Let be the annual utilization hours of the run-of-river hydropower station in the s-th region.

[0128] Step 2: Establish a hydrogen energy substitution model for hydrogen demand:

[0129] To investigate the role of hydrogen energy in replacing fossil fuels in traditional industries and transportation in provincial regions, a regional hydrogen demand model for hydrogen energy substitution is developed, enabling accurate prediction of regional hydrogen demand.

[0130] (1) Hydrogen can replace coal in the industrial field:

[0131]

[0132] in, ρ represents the hydrogen substitution value in the industrial sector of the s-th region. STL and ρ NH3 These represent the hydrogen demand per kilogram of steel produced in the steel industry and per kilogram of ammonia produced in the synthetic ammonia industry, respectively. In the steel industry, these values ​​represent two aspects: firstly, hydrogen provides heat for steelmaking through high-temperature fuel cells; secondly, hydrogen directly participates in steelmaking as a reducing agent. In the synthetic ammonia industry, hydrogen is converted into ammonia through the Haber ammonia reactor, with a conversion efficiency of approximately 67%. ω STL and ω NH3 These represent the percentage of substitution in end-user demand in the steel and synthetic ammonia sectors, respectively. and These represent the annual product output of the steel and synthetic ammonia sectors in the s-th region, respectively.

[0133] (2) Hydrogen energy can replace gasoline and diesel in the transportation sector:

[0134]

[0135]

[0136]

[0137] in, Let be the hydrogen substitution value in the transportation sector of the s-th region; and These represent the hydrogen substitution values ​​for gasoline and diesel in the s-th region, ρ. S-FC / M-FC / MD-FC / HD-FC ω represents the fuel substitution ratio of different types of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, such as Subcompact-FC (S-FC), Midsize-FC (M-FC), Medium-duty class 3-FC (MD-FC), and Heavy-duty class 8-FC (HD-FC), for passenger cars, medium-sized passenger cars, large passenger cars, and medium- and heavy-duty trucks. S-FC / M-FC / MD-FC / HD-FC These represent the percentage of vehicles that S-FC, M-FC, MD-FC, and HD-FC replace for their respective vehicle types. These represent the number of vehicles of the corresponding type in the s-th region; and Let represent the annual gasoline consumption and annual diesel consumption of the s-th region, respectively;

[0138] (3) Total substitution of hydrogen energy in the industrial and transportation sectors:

[0139]

[0140] in, Let be the total amount of hydrogen energy that can be replaced in the industrial and transportation sectors in the s-th region.

[0141] Step 3: Establish an electro-hydrogen production supply chain model using an electrolyzer, compressor, hydrogen storage tank, and energy storage equipment. The method for establishing the electro-hydrogen production supply chain model is as follows:

[0142] Electricity balance in the hydrogen production supply chain system:

[0143]

[0144] in, and Let be the charging and discharging power of the battery energy storage in the s-th region at time t. Let be the net electrical load of the s-th region at time t (ignoring the electrical load under inter-provincial power transmission). Let be the input electrical power of the electrolyzer (elz) in the s-th region at time t. Let be the input electrical power of the compressor in the s-th region at time t;

[0145] Backup power constraints in the electric hydrogen production supply chain system:

[0146]

[0147] in, Let be the battery energy storage reserve power of the s-th region at time t;

[0148] Constraints on renewable energy generation in the hydrogen production supply chain system:

[0149]

[0150] Wherein, β represents the minimum proportion of renewable energy generation;

[0151] Equipment capacity constraints in the electro-hydrogen production supply chain system:

[0152]

[0153] in, and The configuration capacities of ELZ, compressor (hc), hydrogen storage tank (hs), battery charge / discharge (eps), and battery storage (ees) for the s-th region are respectively.

[0154] Battery energy storage operation constraints:

[0155]

[0156]

[0157]

[0158]

[0159]

[0160]

[0161] in, and η represents the battery storage capacity of the s-th region at time t and time t-1, respectively. es+ and η es- These are the charging and discharging efficiencies of the battery, respectively. and These represent the battery storage capacity of the s-th region at the start and end of the scheduling process, respectively.

[0162] Electrolyzer operating constraints:

[0163]

[0164]

[0165]

[0166] in, This indicates the operating status of the electrolytic cell in the s-th region at time t. A value of 1 indicates that the electrolytic cell is operating, and a value of 0 indicates that the electrolytic cell is not operating.

[0167] Compressor operating constraints:

[0168]

[0169]

[0170]

[0171] in, Let η be the hydrogen flow rate input to the compressor in region s at time t. elz elz represents the conversion efficiency, lhv represents the lower heating value of hydrogen combustion, and ω represents the unit power consumption of the compressor.

[0172] Hydrogen storage tank operating constraints:

[0173]

[0174]

[0175]

[0176]

[0177]

[0178] in, The hydrogen flow rate input to the hydrogen storage tank in region s at time t is... Let σ be the hydrogen load of the s-th region at time t. hc The hydrogen filling and discharging loss rate of the hydrogen storage tank. and Let be the hydrogen storage capacity of the s-th region at time t and time t-1, respectively. and These represent the hydrogen storage capacity of the s-th region at the start and end of the scheduling process, respectively.

[0179] Hydrogen load constraints:

[0180]

[0181]

[0182] Step 4: With the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the hybrid hydropower hydrogen production system, establish a hybrid hydropower hydrogen production system model. By combining Step 1, Step 2, and Step 3 as constraints and combining them with the objective function of the hybrid hydropower hydrogen production cost evaluation model, an optimization model is formed. Finally, the hydrogen production cost of the system is evaluated by solving the model.

[0183] The specific method for establishing the model of the hybrid water-electricity hydrogen production system is as follows:

[0184] (1) The objective function of the hybrid hydropower hydrogen production cost assessment model that takes into account hydrogen demand is:

[0185]

[0186]

[0187]

[0188]

[0189] Among them, COST s Let C be the total system cost for the s-th region. inv,s C om,s and C op,sThese represent the annual system investment cost, annual fixed operation and maintenance cost, and annual variable operation and maintenance cost for the s-th region, respectively. The annual investment cost of the i-th type of equipment is, and These represent the annual investment costs of elz, hc, hs, eps, and ees, respectively. The annual fixed maintenance cost of the i-th type of equipment is, and These represent the annual fixed maintenance costs of elz, hc, hs, eps, and ees, respectively. This represents the annual fixed operation and maintenance cost of hydropower. This indicates the annual variable operation and maintenance cost of hydropower.

[0190] The capital recovery factor for the i-th type of equipment is κ. i , i.e. κ elz κ hc κ hs κ eps and κ ees Let represent the capital recovery factors of ELZ, HC, HS, EPS, and EE, respectively, and their values ​​are calculated as follows:

[0191]

[0192] Where r is the discount rate, N i This represents the lifespan of the corresponding i-th type of device;

[0193] (2) At this point, the levelized cost of hydrogen production (LCOH) can be calculated to minimize the total system cost:

[0194]

[0195]

[0196]

[0197]

[0198] in, and These represent the annual investment cost, annual fixed operation and maintenance cost, and annual variable operation and maintenance cost related to the hydrogen production system in the s-th region, respectively. i′ , and These represent the capital recovery factor, annual investment cost, and equipment configuration capacity for equipment simultaneously involved in hydrogen production and power generation, respectively, including κ. eps κ ees , and κ i″ , and The capital recovery factor, annual investment cost, and equipment configuration capacity for equipment solely involved in hydrogen production are κ, respectively. elz , and This represents the annual fixed maintenance cost of equipment that simultaneously participates in hydrogen production and power generation, including and This represents the annual fixed maintenance cost of equipment involved only in hydrogen production.

[0199] The proportion of hydrogen production and power consumption in region s to the total power consumption of the system is determined by α. s The calculation is as follows:

[0200]

[0201] The method for evaluating the cost of hydrogen production by hybrid hydropower, which takes into account hydrogen demand, assesses the cost by calculating the levelized cost of hydrogen production of the system under the condition of minimizing the total operating cost of the system. This effectively simulates the real operation of hydropower and evaluates the cost of hydrogen production by hybrid hydropower.

[0202] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0203] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. A method for cost assessment of hybrid hydroelectric hydrogen production taking into account hydrogen demand, characterized in that, The method for evaluating the cost of hydrogen production through hybrid hydropower is to assess the cost by calculating the levelized cost of hydrogen production of the system that minimizes the total operating cost of the hybrid hydropower hydrogen production system. The hybrid hydropower hydrogen production system includes cascade hydropower, run-of-river hydropower, an electrolyzer, a compressor, a hydrogen storage tank, and a battery. The cascade hydropower and run-of-river hydropower generate electrical energy. The electrolyzer is used to convert electrical energy into hydrogen energy. The compressor is used to compress the converted hydrogen energy and then store it in the hydrogen storage tank. The remaining electrical energy is stored in the battery. The evaluation method specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Based on the differences between cascade hydropower and run-of-river hydropower, establish a hybrid hydropower generation model; Step 2: Establish a hydrogen energy substitution model for hydrogen demand; Step 3: Establish an electro-hydrogen production supply chain model using electrolyzers, compressors, hydrogen storage tanks, and energy storage equipment; Step 4: Combining Step 1, Step 2, and Step 3, with the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the hybrid hydropower hydrogen production system, establish a model of the hybrid hydropower hydrogen production system and solve for the hydrogen production cost of the system. The specific method for establishing the hybrid water-electricity hydrogen production system model in step four is as follows: (1) The objective function of the hybrid hydropower hydrogen production cost assessment model that takes into account hydrogen demand is: (40) (41) (42) (43) in, Let be the total system cost for the s-th region. , and These represent the annual system investment cost, annual fixed operation and maintenance cost, and annual variable operation and maintenance cost for the s-th region, respectively. The annual investment cost of the i-th type of equipment is, , , , and These represent the annual investment costs of elz, hc, hs, eps, and ees, respectively. The annual fixed maintenance cost of the i-th type of equipment is, , , , and These represent the annual fixed maintenance costs of elz, hc, hs, eps, and ees, respectively. This represents the annual fixed operation and maintenance cost of hydropower. This indicates the annual variable operation and maintenance cost of hydropower. The capital recovery factor for the i-th type of equipment is: ,Right now , , , and Let represent the capital recovery factors of ELZ, HC, HS, EPS, and EE, respectively, and their values ​​are calculated as follows: (44) in, The discount rate is... This represents the lifespan of the corresponding i-th type of device; (2) At this point, the levelized cost of hydrogen production (LCOH) at which the total system cost is minimized can be calculated: (45) (46) (47) (48) in, , and These represent the annual investment cost, annual fixed operation and maintenance cost, and annual variable operation and maintenance cost related to the hydrogen production system in the s-th region, respectively. , and These are the capital recovery factor, annual investment cost, and equipment configuration capacity for equipment that simultaneously participates in hydrogen production and power generation, respectively including... , , , and , ; , and The capital recovery factor, annual investment cost, and equipment configuration capacity for equipment solely involved in hydrogen production are respectively: , and ; This represents the annual fixed maintenance cost of equipment that simultaneously participates in hydrogen production and power generation, including and , This represents the annual fixed maintenance cost of equipment involved only in hydrogen production. ; The proportion of hydrogen production and power consumption in region s to the total power consumption of the system is determined by... The calculation is as follows: (49)。 2. The method for cost assessment of hybrid hydroelectric hydrogen production taking into account hydrogen demand as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method for establishing the hybrid hydropower generation model in step one is as follows: The power generation and reserve capacity constraints for cascade hydropower are as follows: (1) (2) (3) (4) in, and Let be the generating power and reserve power of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed of the s-th region at time t. Let s be the water inflow of the first cascade hydropower station in the m-th region, which is influenced by the upstream regions within the same basin. Let be the reservoir overflow of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed of the s-th region at time t. Let be the existing installed capacity of the nth cascade hydropower station in the s-th region located in the m-th watershed. and These are the water heads of the nth and (n-1th)th cascade hydropower stations in the sth region located in the m-th watershed, respectively. Let be the reservoir capacity of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed of the s-th region at time t-1. Let the minimum allowable capacity of the reservoir of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed of the s-th region be the minimum allowable capacity of the reservoir. The reservoir capacity constraints for cascade hydropower projects are: (5) (6) (7) (8) in, Let be the reservoir capacity of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed of the s-th region at time t. Let the maximum allowable capacity of the reservoir of the nth cascade hydropower station in the m-th watershed be the s-th region. and These are the reservoir capacities of the nth cascade hydropower station in the sth region, located in the m-th watershed, at the start and end of the dispatching process, respectively. The constraints on run-of-river hydropower generation and reserve power are: (9) (10) (11) in, and These represent the runoff hydropower generation capacity and reserve capacity of the s-th region at time t, respectively. Let be the existing installed capacity of run-of-river hydropower stations in region s. For the maximum scheduling time, Let be the annual utilization hours of the run-of-river hydropower station in the s-th region.

3. The method for cost assessment of hybrid hydroelectric hydrogen production taking into account hydrogen demand, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... The method for establishing the hydrogen energy substitution model for hydrogen demand in step two is as follows: (1) Hydrogen can replace coal in the industrial field: (12) in, Let be the hydrogen substitution value in the industrial sector of the s-th region; and These represent the hydrogen demand per kilogram of steel produced in the steel industry and per kilogram of ammonia produced in the synthetic ammonia industry, respectively. In the steel industry, these values ​​represent two aspects: firstly, hydrogen energy provides heat to steelmaking through high-temperature fuel cells; secondly, hydrogen energy directly participates in steelmaking as a reducing agent. In the ammonia synthesis industry, hydrogen is converted into ammonia through the Haber ammonia synthesis reactor, with a conversion efficiency of approximately 67%. and These represent the percentage of substitution in end-user demand in the steel and synthetic ammonia sectors, respectively. and These represent the annual product output of the steel and synthetic ammonia sectors in the s-th region, respectively. (2) Hydrogen energy can replace gasoline and diesel in the transportation sector: (13) (14) (15) in, Let be the hydrogen substitution value in the transportation sector of the s-th region; and These represent the hydrogen substitution values ​​for gasoline and diesel in the s-th region, respectively. This indicates the fuel substitution mass ratio of different types of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (S-FC, M-FC, Medium duty class 3-FC, MD-FC, and Heavy duty class 8-FC) for passenger cars, medium-sized passenger cars, large passenger cars, and medium and heavy-duty trucks. These represent the percentage of vehicles that S-FC, M-FC, MD-FC, and HD-FC replace for their respective vehicle types. These represent the number of vehicles of the corresponding type in the s-th region; and Let represent the annual gasoline consumption and annual diesel consumption of the s-th region, respectively; (3) Total substitution of hydrogen energy in the industrial and transportation sectors: (16) in, Let be the total amount of hydrogen energy that can be replaced in the industrial and transportation sectors in the s-th region.

4. The method for cost assessment of hybrid hydroelectric hydrogen production taking into account hydrogen demand, as described in claim 3, is characterized in that... The method for establishing the hydrogen production supply chain model in step three is as follows: Electricity balance in the hydrogen production supply chain system: (17) in, and Let be the charging and discharging power of the battery storage in the s-th region at time t. Let be the net electrical load of the s-th region at time t. Let be the input electrical power of the electrolytic cell elz in the s-th region at time t. Let be the input electrical power of the compressor in the s-th region at time t; Backup power constraints in the electric hydrogen production supply chain system: (18) in, Let be the battery energy storage reserve power of the s-th region at time t; Constraints on renewable energy generation in the hydrogen production supply chain system: (19) in, The minimum percentage of renewable energy generation; Equipment capacity constraints in the electro-hydrogen production supply chain system: (20) in, , , , and These are the configuration capacities of the ELZ, compressor HC, hydrogen storage tank HS, battery charge / discharge EPS, and battery storage EE for the s-th region, respectively. Battery energy storage operation constraints: (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) in, and Let be the battery storage capacity of the s-th region at time t and time t-1, respectively. and These are the charging and discharging efficiencies of the battery, respectively. and These represent the battery storage capacity of the s-th region at the start and end of the scheduling process, respectively. Electrolyzer operating constraints: (27) (28) (29) in, This indicates the operating status of the electrolytic cell in the s-th region at time t. A value of 1 indicates that the electrolytic cell is operating, and a value of 0 indicates that the electrolytic cell is not operating. Compressor operating constraints: (30) (31) (32) in, Let the hydrogen flow rate input to the compressor in region s at time t be... For ELZ's conversion efficiency, The lower heating value of hydrogen combustion. This refers to the unit power consumption of the compressor; Hydrogen storage tank operating constraints: (33) (34) (35) (36) (37) in, The hydrogen flow rate input to the hydrogen storage tank in region s at time t is... Let be the hydrogen load of the s-th region at time t. The hydrogen filling and discharging loss rate of the hydrogen storage tank. and Let be the hydrogen storage capacity of the s-th region at time t and time t-1, respectively. and These represent the hydrogen storage capacity of the s-th region at the start and end of the scheduling process, respectively. Hydrogen load constraints: (38) (39)。

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