Planting method of rapeseed-peanut-rice annual rotation in saline-alkali land

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of crop planting, and specifically relates to a planting method for rapeseed-peanut-rice annual rotation in saline-alkali land. The planting method provided by the present invention is to pre-treat the saline-alkali land first, and then adopt rapeseed pressing and then utilize the planting method of rapeseed-peanut-rice annual rotation. The present invention presses the green leaves of winter rapeseed back to the field during the flowering period, and simultaneously applies organic fertilizer containing modified vinegar residue, which can improve the soil enzyme activity, rhizosphere soil physical and chemical properties, etc. in the saline-alkali land, and at the same time, can promote the root growth and development of peanuts and rice, and increase the yield of peanuts and rice; the spraying of the agent after pressing the green leaves provided by the present invention can improve the improvement of soil enzyme activity and other properties after the rapeseed is pressed and returned to the field, and will not cause problems such as rot and fungal infection, and has a certain preventive effect on preventing fungal infectious diseases such as peanuts and rice; the present invention adopts the annual rotation planting mode of rapeseed-rice-peanut through a green cultivation method, improves economic benefits, overcomes the continuous cropping obstacle of planting, and takes into account both land use and land conservation, with significant comprehensive benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of crop planting, and in particular relates to a planting method of rapeseed-peanut-rice annual rotation in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Soil salinization has become a global problem for agricultural land and agroecosystems. Salinization causes soil erosion, negatively impacting soil quality and, in turn, reducing crop productivity. Furthermore, soil salinization severely impacts soil microbial communities. Soil microbial communities play a role in the biochemical cycles of ecosystems, and their activity is affected by crop cultivation.

[0003] Currently, the rapeseed-rice rotation model can improve land utilization and soil texture, but this planting method still suffers from low returns and high nitrogen fertilizer requirements. Exploring a new, more efficient planting model that reduces fertilizer use and lowers the cost of saline-alkali land improvement is an urgent issue. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for planting rapeseed-peanut-rice in saline-alkali land in an annual rotation. This method improves agricultural added value, utilizes waste, reduces the use of inputs such as fertilizers, reduces the cost of saline-alkali land improvement, increases the multiple cropping index, and improves land output, thereby doubling the output value through green and efficient "grain-cash-feed" planting.

[0005] The technical solutions adopted by the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned purpose are as follows:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for planting rapeseed-peanut-rice annual rotation in saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Treatment of saline-alkali land: irrigate the saline-alkali land, till the land, and apply fertilizer;

[0008] (2) Rapeseed Planting - Pressing Green: Winter rapeseed is planted in a 1m wide bed with 5 rows per bed and a sowing depth of 1.5cm-2cm. The seeds are evenly sown in the furrows. When the rapeseed enters the flowering period, the rapeseed surface is sprayed with pesticide fertilizers. After 24 hours of spraying, the rapeseed is pressed green.

[0009] (3) After pressing the green leaves, the land was prepared and divided into two plots, A and B. Plot A was planted with ridge-forming and film-covered peanuts, with a ridge width of 85 cm, two rows per ridge, two seeds per hole, a row spacing of 35 cm, a hole spacing of 20 cm, and a sowing depth of 4 cm. Plot B was planted with rice by transplanting, with a water layer depth of 1.8-2 cm, a seedling planting depth of 1.5-1.8 cm, a row spacing of 35 cm, and a plant spacing of 15 cm.

[0010] (4) After peanuts and rice are harvested through conventional field management, steps (1) and (2) are repeated to plant rapeseed and press green rapeseed;

[0011] (5) After pressing green, land preparation was carried out. Plot A adopted the transplanting method to plant rice, with a water layer depth of 1.8-2 cm, and the seedling planting depth was controlled at 1.5-1.8 cm. The row spacing was 35 cm and the plant spacing was 15 cm. Plot B adopted the ridge-forming and film-covering method to plant peanuts, with a ridge width of 85 cm, two rows per ridge, two seeds per hole, a row spacing of 35 cm, a hole spacing of 20 cm, and a sowing depth of 4 cm.

[0012] (6) The annual rotation planting of winter rapeseed, peanuts and rice will be repeated later.

[0013] Furthermore, the amount of fertilizer applied per mu is: 2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, and 8 kg of modified vinegar residue.

[0014] The modified vinegar residue used in the present invention is prepared by the following method: adding edible vinegar residue to saturated lime water, stirring evenly, adding a composite bacterial agent, stirring evenly, and fermenting for 5-8 days.

[0015] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the vinegar residue to saturated lime water is 1:1.

[0016] Furthermore, the composite bacterial agent is composed of cellulase and Trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 1:2.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (2), the medicinal fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 40% aloe extract, 0.5% ethylenediamine disuccinic acid and the balance water.

[0018] The aloe extract used in the present invention is prepared by the following method: washing and pulping aloe leaves, adding 10 times the amount of calcium chloride aqueous solution, stirring for 30 minutes, slowly adding fumonisin aqueous solution dropwise, stirring for 1-1.5 hours after the addition is completed, and then squeezing and filtering.

[0019] Furthermore, the concentration of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 3.5%; the amount of the fumonisin aqueous solution added is 10% of the weight of the aloe pulp; and the concentration of the fumonisin aqueous solution is 12-15%.

[0020] The present invention first applies fertilizer to the saline-alkali land, which can effectively reduce the salinity of the land and is beneficial to the germination of rapeseed seeds in subsequent sowing; the fertilizer is applied after the rapeseed is pressed to prevent the rapeseed from rotting after pressing and causing other diseases and insect pests, and can effectively reduce the odor after pressing and accelerate the decomposition of the rapeseed after pressing.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] (1) The present invention can improve soil enzyme activity and rhizosphere soil physical and chemical properties in saline-alkali land by returning green rapeseed to the field during the flowering period and applying organic fertilizer containing modified vinegar residue. At the same time, it can promote the root growth and development of peanuts and rice, thereby increasing the yield of peanuts and rice.

[0023] (2) The spraying of the agent after pressing the rapeseed provided by the present invention can improve the performance of soil enzyme activity and other properties after the rapeseed is pressed and returned to the field, and will not cause problems such as rot and fungal infection. It has a certain preventive effect on preventing fungal infectious diseases of peanuts, rice, etc.;

[0024] (3) The present invention adopts a year-round crop rotation planting model of rapeseed-rice-peanut through a green cultivation method, thereby improving economic benefits, overcoming the obstacles of continuous cropping, and taking into account both land use and land conservation, with significant comprehensive benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention is further explained and illustrated by means of specific embodiments below.

[0026] The soil salt content of the experimental plot of the present invention is 0.6-0.65%; the experimental field is located in the experimental field of Bohai Farm, Lijin County, Dongying City, Shandong Province; the peanut variety is Huayu No. 25, and the rice variety is Lujing No. 1.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A method for planting rapeseed-peanut-rice annual rotation in saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0029] (1) Treatment of saline-alkali land: irrigate the saline-alkali land, till the land, and apply fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer applied per mu is: 2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, and 8 kg of modified vinegar residue;

[0030] The modified vinegar residue used in the present invention is prepared by the following method: adding saturated lime water of equal mass to the vinegar residue, stirring evenly, adding a composite bacterial agent (m 纤维素酶 :m 哈茨木霉菌 =1:2), stir evenly, and ferment at room temperature for 6 days;

[0031] (2) Rapeseed Planting - Pressing Green: Winter rapeseed is planted in a 1m wide bed with 5 rows per bed and a sowing depth of 1.5cm-2cm. The seeds are evenly sown in the furrows. When the rapeseed enters the flowering period, the rapeseed surface is sprayed with pesticide fertilizers. After 24 hours of spraying, the rapeseed is pressed green.

[0032] The medicinal fertilizer used is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 40% aloe vera extract, 0.5% ethylenediamine disuccinic acid and the balance water;

[0033] The aloe extract is prepared by the following method: washing and pulping the aloe leaves, adding 10 times the amount of a 3.5% calcium chloride aqueous solution, stirring for 30 minutes, and slowly adding dropwise a 12% fumonisin aqueous solution accounting for 10% of the weight of the aloe leaves. After the addition is complete, stirring for 1.5 hours, and then squeezing and filtering.

[0034] (3) After pressing the green leaves, the land was prepared and divided into two plots, A and B. Plot A was planted with ridge-forming and film-covered peanuts, with a ridge width of 85 cm, two rows per ridge, two seeds per hole, a row spacing of 35 cm, a hole spacing of 20 cm, and a sowing depth of 4 cm. Plot B was planted with rice by transplanting, with a water layer depth of 1.8-2 cm, a seedling planting depth of 1.5-1.8 cm, a row spacing of 35 cm, and a plant spacing of 15 cm.

[0035] (4) After peanuts and rice are harvested through conventional field management, steps (1) and (3) are repeated to plant rapeseed and press green rapeseed;

[0036] (5) After pressing green, land preparation was carried out. Plot A adopted the transplanting method to plant rice, with a water layer depth of 1.8-2 cm, and the seedling planting depth was controlled at 1.5-1.8 cm. The row spacing was 35 cm and the plant spacing was 15 cm. Plot B adopted the ridge-forming and film-covering method to plant peanuts, with a ridge width of 85 cm, two rows per ridge, two seeds per hole, a row spacing of 35 cm, a hole spacing of 20 cm, and a sowing depth of 4 cm.

[0037] (6) The annual rotation planting of winter rapeseed, peanuts and rice will be repeated later.

[0038] Comparative Example 1

[0039] A method for planting rapeseed-peanut-rice annual rotation in saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0040] (1) Treatment of saline-alkali land: irrigate the saline-alkali land, till the land, and apply fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer applied per mu is: 2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, and 8 kg of modified vinegar residue (same as in Example 1);

[0041] (2) Rapeseed Planting - Pressing Green: Winter rapeseed is planted in a 1m wide bed with 5 rows per bed and a sowing depth of 1.5cm-2cm. The seeds are evenly sown in the furrows. When the rapeseed enters the flowering period, the rapeseed is pressed green.

[0042] Other conditions were the same as those in Example 1. It is noteworthy that when the rice was pressed without spraying, the incidence of sheath blight was more likely to occur, and the probability of sheath blight was higher than that of the planting method in Example 1, with the incidence of sheath blight increasing by 3.5%. In addition, the rotten fruit rate of the harvested peanuts increased, by about 1.2% compared with that in Example 1.

[0043] Comparative Example 2

[0044] A method for planting rapeseed-peanut-rice annual rotation in saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0045] (1) Treatment of saline-alkali land: irrigate the saline-alkali land, till the land, and apply fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer applied per mu is: 2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 15 kg of potassium sulfate;

[0046] (2) Pressing green: Winter rapeseed is planted in a 1m wide bed in mid-to-late September. Each bed is sown in 5 rows at a depth of 1.5cm-2cm. The seeds are evenly sown in the furrows. When the rapeseed enters the flowering stage, the surface of the rapeseed is sprayed with pesticide fertilizer (same as in Example 1). After 24 hours of spraying, the rapeseed is pressed green.

[0047] (3) After pressing the green leaves, the land was prepared and divided into two plots, A and B. Plot A was planted with ridge-forming and film-covered peanuts, with a ridge width of 85 cm, two rows per ridge, two seeds per hole, a row spacing of 35 cm, a hole spacing of 20 cm, and a sowing depth of 4 cm. Plot B was planted with rice by transplanting, with a water layer depth of 1.8-2 cm, a seedling planting depth of 1.5-1.8 cm, a row spacing of 35 cm, and a plant spacing of 15 cm.

[0048] (4) After peanuts and rice are harvested through conventional field management, steps (1) and (3) are repeated to plant rapeseed and press green rapeseed;

[0049] (5) After pressing green, land preparation was carried out. Plot A adopted the transplanting method to plant rice, with a water layer depth of 1.8-2 cm, and the seedling planting depth was controlled at 1.5-1.8 cm. The row spacing was 35 cm and the plant spacing was 15 cm. Plot B adopted the ridge-forming and film-covering method to plant peanuts, with a ridge width of 85 cm, two rows per ridge, two seeds per hole, a row spacing of 35 cm, a hole spacing of 20 cm, and a sowing depth of 4 cm.

[0050] (6) The annual rotation planting of winter rapeseed, peanuts and rice will be repeated later.

[0051] Effect embodiment

[0052] (I) During the planting process of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, control plots were set up. Control plot 1 only adopted the rapeseed-peanut rotation planting pattern; control plot 2 only adopted the rapeseed-rice rotation planting pattern. At the same time, the planting area (1 mu) in the control plot was half of the annual rotation planting area (2 mu) of the present invention. After the second round of peanut harvest, the yields of peanuts and rice were counted respectively. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0053] Table 1

[0054]

[0055] (II) The soil of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was tested. After the rapeseed was pressed green, a 100 cm 3 The undisturbed soil was sampled using a circular cutter. The retrieved soil samples were naturally air-dried and the active organic matter content of the soil was determined using the potassium permanganate oxidation method. The physical and chemical properties of the soil, including soil field water holding capacity, capillary porosity, and soil aeration, were determined and calculated according to the standard method LY / T1215-1999. The specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0056] Table 2

[0057]

Claims

1. A method for planting rapeseed-peanut-rice annual rotation in saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Treatment of saline-alkali land: irrigate the saline-alkali land, till the land, and apply fertilizer; (2) Rapeseed Planting - Pressing Green: Winter rapeseed is planted in a 1m wide bed with 5 rows per bed and a sowing depth of 1.5cm-2cm. The seeds are evenly sown in the furrows. When the rapeseed enters the flowering period, the rapeseed surface is sprayed with pesticide fertilizers. After 24 hours of spraying, the rapeseed is pressed green. (3) After pressing the green leaves, the land was prepared and divided into two plots, A and B. Plot A was planted with ridge-forming and film-covered peanuts, with a ridge width of 85 cm, two rows per ridge, two seeds per hole, a row spacing of 35 cm, a hole spacing of 20 cm, and a sowing depth of 4 cm. Plot B was planted with rice by transplanting, with a water layer depth of 1.8-2 cm, a seedling planting depth of 1.5-1.8 cm, a row spacing of 35 cm, and a plant spacing of 15 cm. (4) After peanuts and rice are harvested through conventional field management, steps (1) and (2) are repeated to plant rapeseed and press green rapeseed; (5) After pressing green, land preparation was carried out. Plot A adopted the transplanting method to plant rice, with a water layer depth of 1.8-2 cm, and the seedling planting depth was controlled at 1.5-1.8 cm. The row spacing was 35 cm and the plant spacing was 15 cm. Plot B adopted the ridge-forming and film-covering method to plant peanuts, with a ridge width of 85 cm, two rows per ridge, two seeds per hole, a row spacing of 35 cm, a hole spacing of 20 cm, and a sowing depth of 4 cm. (6) Repeat the annual crop rotation of winter rapeseed-peanut-rice planting; In step (2), the medicinal fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials by weight: 40% aloe extract, 0.5% ethylenediamine disuccinic acid and the balance water; The aloe extract is prepared by the following method: washing and pulping aloe leaves, adding 10 times the amount of calcium chloride aqueous solution, stirring for 30 minutes, slowly adding fumonisin aqueous solution dropwise, stirring for 1-1.5 hours after the addition is completed, and then squeezing and filtering.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that The amount of fertilizer applied per mu is: 2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, and 8 kg of modified vinegar residue.

3. The planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The modified vinegar residue is prepared by the following method: adding edible vinegar residue to saturated lime water, stirring evenly, adding a composite bacterial agent, stirring evenly, and fermenting for 5-8 days.

4. The planting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the vinegar residue to saturated lime water is 1:

1.

5. The planting method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 5% of the vinegar residue; the composite bacterial agent is composed of cellulase and Trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 1:

2.

6. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 3.5%; the added amount of the fumonisin aqueous solution accounts for 10% of the weight of the aloe pulp; and the concentration of the fumonisin aqueous solution is 12-15%.

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