Method of making and applying an acid soil conditioner

Abstract

The application discloses a preparation method and an application method of an acidic soil conditioner. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a mixture of earthworm manure and earthworms; secondly, obtaining small and medium-sized soil animals; thirdly, preparing a compound microbial flora inoculum; and finally, preparing the acidic soil conditioner. The application method comprises the following steps: digging a fertilization ditch with a depth of 30-40 cm and a width of 40-50 cm in a farmland of a land plot to be applied; applying the acidic soil conditioner into the fertilization ditch; covering the fertilization ditch with thin soil; and ensuring that the distance between adjacent fertilization ditches is not more than 1 m. The application emphasizes improving the acidic soil by improving the multifunctionality of the soil ecosystem, reducing the acidic obstacle factors, and being more beneficial to the formation of the sustainable productivity of the soil, fully mobilizing the driving force of the soil organisms, and realizing the comprehensive effect of the three-in-one of reducing, inhibiting and resisting the acid.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of soil conditioning, in particular to a preparation method and application method of an acidic soil conditioner. BACKGROUND

[0002] Acidic soil accounts for about 40-50% of the global potential arable land area and 30% of the earth's area. The area of acidified soil in China is about 2.04 x 10 6 km 2 , accounting for 21% of the national arable land, covering 15 provinces south of the Yangtze River. With the intensification of human activities, the acidification rate of soil in China is increasing year by year. Soil acidification not only causes soil nutrient loss and deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, but also increases the activity of aluminum ions and heavy metals and reduces soil microbial activity, thereby leading to crop yield reduction and even toxic effects on crops, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of agriculture in China.

[0003] Currently, the technologies for improving acidic soil mainly include applying lime, alkaline fertilizer, organic fertilizer and biochar, etc. The principle of these soil conditioners is to neutralize hydrogen in the soil by releasing alkaline substances in the conditioner to reduce acidity. These methods, which focus on chemical neutralization and acid reduction, can improve soil pH in the short term, but often have problems such as poor durability, soil structure damage, and single improvement effect.

[0004] Soil animals are an important driving force for soil fertility and structure, and their role in soil improvement cannot be ignored. Soil animals change soil structure and soil physical and chemical properties through survival, feeding and activity, and form a reasonable soil food web structure, thereby affecting the migration and transformation of soil matter and energy, promoting the formation of soil organic matter, and having a positive effect on improving the ecological environment of farmland soil and enhancing the absorption and utilization of nutrients by crops. However, the existing acidic soil improvement products and technologies have not yet included the positive role of soil animals. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a preparation and application method of an acidic soil conditioner. This method fully utilizes the positive role of soil animals in soil improvement and fertility formation, effectively inhibits soil acidification, promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure and nutrient cycling, enhances crop stress resistance, and ultimately improves productivity.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution designed by the present application is as follows:

[0007] The present application provides a preparation method of an acidic soil conditioner, comprising the following steps:

[0008] 1) Preparation of earthworm manure-earthworm mixture

[0009] Inoculate earthworms into earthworm compost material and feed them until more than 80% of the material has been consumed by the earthworms, thus obtaining an earthworm casting-earthworm mixture.

[0010] 2) Acquisition of small and medium-sized soil animals

[0011] In the vicinity of the proposed application site of the soil conditioner, select a plot of land with high soil fertility and good crop growth, take the topsoil (topsoil is 0-30cm soil), and use a dry-wet funnel to extract (separate) small and medium-sized soil animals. The weight ratio of the amount of soil used to extract small and medium-sized soil animals to the amount of earthworm castings-earthworm mixture to be inoculated is 1:5-10.

[0012] 3) Preparation of compound microbial inoculum solution

[0013] a. In the vicinity of the proposed application site of the soil conditioner, select a plot of land with high soil fertility and good crop growth, take the topsoil (topsoil is 0-30cm soil), add sterile water and shake to prepare a soil suspension, and obtain the original soil microbial inoculum. The weight ratio of topsoil to sterile water is 1:5-15.

[0014] b. Mix commercial microbial agents into the original soil microbial inoculum to obtain a compound microbial inoculum solution; wherein, 5-10g of commercial microbial agents are added to each liter of original soil microbial inoculum solution;

[0015] 4) Preparation of acidic soil conditioner

[0016] All the small and medium-sized soil animals obtained in step 3) were directly inoculated into the earthworm castings-earthworm mixture through the funnel opening. Then, the compound microbial inoculation solution was inoculated into the earthworm castings-earthworm mixture by spraying it layer by layer to cultivate and obtain an acidic soil conditioner.

[0017] The weight ratio of the amount of compound microbial inoculum solution to the amount of earthworm castings-earthworm mixture to be inoculated is 1:100-200.

[0018] Further, in step 1), the earthworm compost material includes 50-70 parts cow manure, 10-20 parts biochar, 5-10 parts quicklime, and 5-10 parts buffer; wherein the earthworm compost material has a moisture content of 65-70%; the earthworm is Eisenia fetida, and its inoculation density is 80-160 mg / g.

[0019] Furthermore, the biochar is prepared by pyrolyzing straw under anaerobic conditions at a temperature of 400–600°C for 1.5–3 hours; the straw is any one or more of soybean straw, pea straw, broad bean straw, peanut straw, rapeseed straw, alfalfa straw, and milkvetch straw.

[0020] Furthermore, the buffer is a mixture of buffer powder and silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer in a weight ratio of 2:1. The buffer powder is any one or two of attapulgite powder, bentonite powder, and oyster shell powder (the function of the buffer is to eliminate the adverse effects of biochar and quicklime on earthworm feeding).

[0021] As a preferred embodiment, the vermicompost material comprises 70 parts cow manure, 10 parts biochar, 10 parts quicklime, and 10 parts buffer; wherein the vermicompost material has a moisture content of 70%.

[0022] The biochar was prepared by pyrolysis of soybean straw at 600℃ for 2.5 hours under anaerobic conditions. The buffer was prepared by mixing attapulgite powder and bentonite powder with silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer in a 2:1 ratio.

[0023] Furthermore, in step 2), the weight ratio of the amount of soil used to extract small and medium-sized soil animals to the amount of earthworm castings-earthworm mixture to be inoculated is 1:10.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 3), the weight ratio of topsoil to sterile water in sub-step a is 1:10.

[0025] The oscillation conditions were 120 r / min and the oscillation time was 20 min.

[0026] Furthermore, in step b of step 3), the commercial microbial preparation is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus lateralis, and Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus lateralis, and Bacillus mucilaginosus is 4-5:3-4:2-3:1-2.

[0027] Furthermore, in step b of step 3), 7g of commercial microbial preparation is added to each liter of original soil microbial inoculum; the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus lateralis and Bacillus mucilaginosus is 4:3:2:1.

[0028] Furthermore, in step 4), the cultivation conditions are an environment with a water content of 70% and a temperature of 22°C, and the cultivation time is 14 days;

[0029] The weight ratio of the amount of compound microbial inoculum solution to the amount of earthworm castings-earthworm mixture to be inoculated is 1:150.

[0030] This invention also provides a method for applying an acidic soil conditioner, comprising the following steps:

[0031] (1) Before preparing and applying the soil conditioner, the soil of the farmland to be applied shall be tested. When the soil pH is not lower than 4.5 and the soil organic matter content is not lower than 10g / kg, the plot is suitable for the acidic soil conditioner prepared by the above method.

[0032] (2) Dig a fertilization trench 30-40cm deep and 40-50cm wide in the farmland where the fertilizer is to be applied. Apply soil conditioner in the fertilization trench and then cover the top of the fertilization trench with a thin layer of soil. The distance between adjacent fertilization trenches shall not exceed 1m.

[0033] Technical Principles of the Invention

[0034] 1. Mechanism of rapid acid reduction:

[0035] The biochar and quicklime used in the earthworm compost of this invention are both alkaline substances. Combined with the function of calcium glands in the earthworm's intestines, the resulting earthworm castings have a higher pH than ordinary earthworm castings. After being applied to the soil, they can increase the pH value of acidic soils through acid-base interaction, thus achieving rapid acidification.

[0036] 2. Long-lasting acid suppression mechanism:

[0037] The attapulgite powder, bentonite powder, and oyster shell powder used in the vermicompost material of this invention can effectively reduce the impact of biochar and quicklime addition on the palatability of the vermicompost material and improve the feeding efficiency of earthworms. Biochar, quicklime, and cow manure organically combine with each other through the digestion of earthworms to form a unified whole. After being applied to the soil, this mixture can continuously release alkaline substances and nutrients for a relatively long period, achieving long-term acid suppression.

[0038] 3. Enhances crop acid resistance mechanism:

[0039] This invention involves inoculating a mixture of earthworm castings and earthworms with small to medium-sized soil animals and microorganisms isolated and collected from surrounding high-quality soil. The inoculation with commercially available inoculants enhances microbial function and cultivates a healthy food web structure. The soil biome constructed from earthworms, small to medium-sized soil animals, and microorganisms is introduced into acidic soil via furrow application of soil conditioners, altering the food web structure of the acidic soil, strengthening soil processes, improving soil ecological multifunctionality, and ultimately enhancing crop tolerance to acidic environments.

[0040] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0041] 1. Compared with traditional acid soil conditioners that focus on pH value itself, this invention emphasizes improving acid soil by enhancing the multifunctionality of the soil ecosystem, which reduces acidity-blocking factors and promotes the formation of sustainable soil productivity.

[0042] 2. Compared with traditional acid soil conditioners that only chemically neutralize and reduce acidity, this invention fully mobilizes the driving force of soil organisms, and can achieve a comprehensive effect of "reducing acidity, inhibiting acidity, and resisting acidity".

[0043] 3. Compared with applying quicklime and biochar alone, this invention utilizes earthworms to process quicklime and biochar into an organic whole with cow manure before application. This not only allows quicklime and biochar to exert their acid-reducing effects but also reduces their adverse effects on soil structure.

[0044] 4. The soil conditioner of this invention can continuously release alkaline substances over a long period of time. The cultivated soil organisms have good adaptability to the soil to be applied and can survive for a long time. Compared with traditional acidic soil conditioners, it has a long-lasting acid-suppressing effect.

[0045] 5. The soil conditioner of this invention can effectively improve crop acid resistance and increase crop yield by increasing soil pH, improving nutrient supply, and forming a healthy soil biological network structure. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart showing the corn yield after harvesting two crops of corn using the example and control examples. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can understand it.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] An acidic soil conditioner 1 was obtained by inoculating a mixture of earthworm castings and earthworms into a substrate, followed by inoculation with small to medium-sized soil animals and a complex microbial community, and then cultivating it for 14 days at a moisture content of 70% and a temperature of 22℃. The specific steps are as follows:

[0050] 1) Preparation of earthworm castings-earthworm mixture

[0051] a. Preparation of vermicompost materials

[0052] Mix 70 parts cow dung, 10 parts biochar, 10 parts quicklime, and 10 parts buffer agent evenly, and adjust the moisture content to 70% to obtain earthworm compost. The biochar is prepared by pyrolysis of soybean straw at 600℃ for 2.5 hours under anaerobic conditions. The buffer agent is made by mixing attapulgite powder and bentonite powder with silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer in a 2:1 ratio.

[0053] b. Earthworm passing through its abdomen

[0054] Earthworms, Eisenia fetida, were inoculated into earthworm compost at a density of 150 mg / g and kept at 22°C until more than 80% of the material was consumed by the earthworms, thus obtaining an earthworm casting-earthworm mixture.

[0055] 2) Acquisition of small and medium-sized soil animals

[0056] In the farmland around Shuangxi Bridge in Xianning, select plots with high soil fertility and good crop growth, take topsoil (topsoil is 0-30cm deep), and use a wet-dry funnel to extract (separate) small and medium-sized soil animals. The weight ratio of the amount of soil used to extract small and medium-sized soil animals to the amount of earthworm castings-earthworm mixture to be inoculated is 1:10.

[0057] 3) Preparation of compound microbial inoculum solution

[0058] a. In the farmland around Shuangxi Bridge in Xianning, select plots with high soil fertility and good crop growth, take the topsoil (topsoil is 0-30cm soil), add sterile water at a weight ratio of 1:10, shake at 120r / min for 20min to prepare soil suspension, and obtain the original soil microbial inoculum.

[0059] b. Mix commercial microbial preparations into the original soil microbial inoculum to obtain a compound microbial inoculum solution; wherein, 7g of commercial microbial preparations are added to each liter of original soil microbial inoculum solution; the weight ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus lateralis and Bacillus mucilaginosus is 4:3:2:1;

[0060] 4) Preparation of acidic soil conditioner

[0061] All the small and medium-sized soil animals obtained in step 3) were directly inoculated into the earthworm castings-earthworm mixture through the funnel opening. Then, the composite microbial inoculation solution was inoculated into the earthworm castings-earthworm mixture by spraying it layer by layer at a weight ratio of 1:150. The mixture was cultured for 14 days at a moisture content of 70% and a temperature of 22℃ to obtain acidic soil conditioner 1.

[0062] The application method of the above-mentioned acidic soil conditioner 1 (mainly including soil testing, conditioner preparation, and conditioner application) includes the following steps:

[0063] (1) Before preparing and applying the conditioner, the acidic soil farmland of Shuangxiqiao, Xianning, where the conditioner was to be applied, was tested. The soil pH was 5.43 and the soil organic matter content was 11.4 g / kg.

[0064] (2) Dig a fertilization trench 40cm deep and 50cm wide in the farmland where the fertilizer is to be applied, apply soil conditioner 1 into the fertilization trench, and then cover the fertilization trench with a thin layer of soil. The distance between adjacent fertilization trenches is 0.8m. The prepared soil conditioner 1 is stored in a cool and ventilated place and applied within 7 days.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] The application method of acidic soil conditioner 2 in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1. The difference between the preparation method of soil conditioner 2 and that in Example 1 is as follows:

[0067] The earthworm compost material is prepared by mixing 70 parts cow manure, 15 parts biochar, 5 parts quicklime, and 10 parts buffer agent evenly and adjusting the moisture content to 65%. Among them, the biochar is prepared by pyrolyzing soybean straw at 600℃ for 2.5 hours under anaerobic conditions; the buffer agent is made by mixing attapulgite powder and bentonite powder with silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer in a 2:1 ratio.

[0068] Example 3

[0069] The application method of acidic soil conditioner 3 in this embodiment is the same as that in Example 1. The difference between the preparation method of soil conditioner 2 and that in Example 1 is as follows:

[0070] The weight percentages of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus lateralis, and Bacillus mucilaginosus in the microbial preparation are 5:4:2:1. 10g of the commercial microbial preparation is added to each liter of the original soil microbial inoculum.

[0071] Example 4

[0072] The application method of acidic soil conditioner 4 in this embodiment differs from that in Example 1 in that:

[0073] Application method of acidic soil conditioner 4:

[0074] Fertilization trenches 30cm deep and 40cm wide were dug in the farmland. Soil conditioner 4 was applied into the trenches, and then a thin layer of soil was placed over the trenches. The distance between adjacent fertilization trenches was 0.8m. The prepared soil conditioner 4 was stored in a cool, ventilated place and applied within 7 days.

[0075] Compare with Example 1

[0076] No soil treatment is performed.

[0077] Compare with Example 2

[0078] Apply lime to the soil at a rate of 15 kg / mu.

[0079] Compare with Example 3

[0080] Apply earthworm castings organic fertilizer to the soil at a rate of 15 kg / mu.

[0081] 1. Comparison of the physicochemical properties of soil and different soil conditioners at the experimental site

[0082] Examples 1, 2, 3, and 4, along with Control Examples 1, 2, and 3, were compared in Shuangxiqiao Town, Xianning City, Hubei Province. The physicochemical properties of the soil at the test site are shown in Table 1. The soil was weakly acidic (pH 5.43) with an organic matter content of 1.14%, making it suitable for the method of this invention. The properties of the soil conditioner prepared using this invention are shown in Table 1. Its pH range is between 7.94 and 8.25, and it is rich in organic matter and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

[0083] Table 1. Physicochemical properties of soil and soil conditioner at the test site

[0084]

[0085] 2. Changes in soil pH and acid-base buffering capacity during two corn crops in the examples and control examples

[0086] All treatments were planted with maize using conventional agricultural methods. Changes in soil pH and buffering capacity were tested at the first and second maize harvest periods, as shown in Table 2. Both traditional soil conditioners (lime, biochar) and the soil conditioner prepared in this invention significantly increased soil pH and improved soil buffering capacity in the first year. However, after the second maize crop, the soil treated with the traditional conditioner showed a tendency to become acidic again, and its buffering capacity weakened. In contrast, the soil pH in the embodiments of this invention did not change significantly after the second maize crop, and the soil maintained a good acid-base buffering capacity. Furthermore, the exchangeable acid content (CEC) of the soil in the embodiments of this invention was significantly lower than that in the control group after the second maize crop, while the CEC values ​​were significantly higher.

[0087] Table 2. Changes in soil pH and acid-base buffering capacity during two corn crops in the examples and control cases.

[0088]

[0089] Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences between treatments (P<0.05), the same applies below.

[0090] 3. Changes in soil nutrient content and microbial biomass carbon after planting two crops of maize in the examples and control examples

[0091] Soil nutrient content and microbial carbon content were tested at the second corn harvest (Table 3). The results showed that the present invention can improve soil nutrient status. The organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents of the embodiment were significantly higher than those of the control. In addition, the microbial biomass carbon of the embodiment was significantly higher than that of the control, indicating that the soil biological community constructed by the present invention can be maintained in the soil for a longer period of time and fully exert the function of soil organisms driving soil structure and fertility formation.

[0092] Table 3. Changes in soil nutrient content and microbial biomass carbon after two crops of maize were planted in the examples and control cases.

[0093]

[0094] The maize yields of the examples and control examples were determined after the second maize harvest. Figure 1 The results showed that the embodiment could increase yield by about 80% compared with the control, indicating that the present invention can significantly improve crop yield.

[0095] All other parts not described in detail are existing technologies. Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of preparing an acid soil conditioner, characterized by: Comprising the following steps: 1) Preparation of earthworm manure-earthworm mixture The earthworms are inoculated into the earthworm compost material, and the earthworms are bred until more than 80% of the material is passed through the earthworms, and then the breeding is stopped to obtain an earthworm manure-earthworm mixture; wherein the earthworm compost material comprises 50-70 parts of cow dung, 10-20 parts of biochar, 5-10 parts of quicklime and 5-10 parts of a buffer; wherein the water content in the earthworm compost material is 65-70%; and the earthworms are Eisenia foetida ， The inoculation density is 80-160 mg / g. The biochar is prepared by pyrolysis of straw under anaerobic conditions at a temperature of 400-600℃ for 1.5-3h; the straw is any one or more of soybean straw, pea straw, broad bean straw, peanut straw, rape straw, alfalfa straw and Chinese milk vetch straw; The buffer is a mixture of buffer powder and silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer at a weight ratio of 2:1, wherein the buffer powder is any one or two of attapulgite powder, bentonite powder and oyster shell powder; 2) Obtaining of small and medium-sized soil animals In the vicinity of the intended application site of the soil conditioner, select a plot with higher soil fertility and better crop growth, take the surface soil, and use a dry-wet funnel to extract small and medium-sized soil animals, wherein the weight ratio of the soil used for extracting small and medium-sized soil animals to the amount of earthworm manure-earthworm mixture to be inoculated is 1:5-10; 3) Preparation of composite microbial flora inoculum a. In the vicinity of the intended application site of the soil conditioner, select a plot with higher soil fertility and better crop growth, take the surface soil, and add sterile water to prepare a soil suspension by shaking, to obtain a soil original microbial liquid, wherein the weight ratio of the surface soil to the sterile water is 1:5-15; b. Mix the commercial microbial preparation into the soil original microbial liquid to obtain a composite microbial flora inoculum; wherein 5-10 g of commercial microbial preparation is added per liter of soil original microbial liquid; the commercial microbial preparation is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus laterosporus and Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the weight ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus laterosporus and Bacillus mucilaginosus is 4-5:3-4:2-3:1-2; 4) Preparation of acidic soil conditioner All small and medium-sized soil animals obtained in step 3) are directly inoculated into the earthworm manure-earthworm mixture through the funnel, and then the composite microbial flora inoculum is inoculated into the earthworm manure-earthworm mixture in a layer-by-layer spraying manner, and an acidic soil conditioner is obtained by cultivation; The weight ratio of the amount of the composite microbial flora inoculum to the amount of the earthworm manure-earthworm mixture to be inoculated is 1:100-200.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the acidic soil conditioner is prepared by: In step 2), the weight ratio of the amount of soil used for extracting small and medium-sized soil animals to the amount of earthworm manure-earthworm mixture to be inoculated is 1:

10.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the acidic soil conditioner is prepared by: In step 3), the weight ratio of the surface soil to the sterile water in sub-step a is 1:10; The shaking condition is 120 r / min, and the shaking time is 20 min.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the acidic soil conditioner is prepared by: In step 3), 7 g of commercial microbial preparation is added per liter of soil original microbial liquid; the weight ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus laterosporus and Bacillus mucilaginosus is 4:3:2:

1.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the acidic soil conditioner is prepared by: In step 4), the cultivation conditions are a moisture content of 70% and a temperature of 22℃, and the cultivation time is 14d; The weight ratio of the amount of the composite microbial flora inoculum to the amount of the earthworm manure-earthworm mixture to be inoculated is 1:

150.

6. A method of applying an acid soil conditioner, characterized by: Comprising the following steps: (1) before preparing and applying the soil conditioner, the farmland soil to be applied is measured, and when the soil pH is not less than 4.5 and the soil organic matter content is not less than 10 g / kg, the plot is suitable for the acidic soil conditioner prepared by the method of claim 1; (2) a 30-40 cm deep and 40-50 cm wide fertilization ditch is opened in the plot to be applied, the acidic soil conditioner prepared by the method of claim 1 is applied in the fertilization ditch, and then thin soil is covered on the fertilization ditch, and the distance between adjacent fertilization ditches is not more than 1 m.

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