A CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching shaft furnace and its quenching system and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of coke quenching technology, and in particular to a CO2 thermochemical rapid coke quenching vertical furnace and its coke quenching system and coke quenching method, comprising a vertical furnace body, a feeding device and a discharging device, a plurality of air-permeable components, which are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the vertical furnace body and extend along the width direction and height direction of the vertical furnace body, dividing the internal space of the vertical furnace body into a plurality of channels, in which materials are arranged at intervals to form spaced material channels and airflow channels; a plurality of windshields, which are arranged inside each of the airflow channels and spaced along the height direction, and the windshields inside adjacent airflow channels are staggered in the height direction. The present invention introduces CO2 into the material layer in multiple stages and penetrates deep into the pores of the raw material, effectively expanding the micro-channels in the coke block and improving the through-porosity / reaction activity; and simultaneously generates CO, realizing the resource utilization of powdered coke and the conversion of CO2 to produce high-quality CO, which is suitable for waste heat recovery and quality improvement processes of high-temperature coke, semi-coke, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of coke quenching technology, in particular to a CO2 thermochemical rapid coke quenching shaft furnace and a coke quenching system and a coke quenching method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Carbon-based materials such as coke and lignite have multi-level composite mesh channels, large specific surface area and high reaction activity. They are widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry and other industries, with an annual output of more than 400 million tons. After leaving the furnace, the temperature of coke / lignite is as high as 1000°C, which is high-quality waste heat. The total amount exceeds 20 million tons of standard coal / year, and has significant prospects for energy saving and carbon reduction.

[0003] Hot coke, semi-coke, and other products produced from the furnace must be promptly quenched (cooled) to prevent rapid combustion and consumption in the air. Current quenching / waste heat recovery technologies include wet quenching and dry quenching. Wet quenching involves directly spraying water on the hot, red coke in the quenching tower to cool it down. While this method is simple to operate, its drawbacks include: 1) it fails to effectively recover the sensible heat of the hot coke; 2) it can easily cause serious water and air pollution; and 3) it damages the coke's microporous structure and particle size, reducing its activity and strength.

[0004] Dry quenching can solve the problems of wet quenching to a certain extent. By using inert gases such as N2 as a circulating cooling medium to directly exchange heat with red coke in the dry quenching oven, the heat transfer efficiency can reach over 80%. Further combining it with waste heat power generation can achieve partial waste heat recovery and utilization. However, the current shortcomings of dry quenching are: 1) the need to prepare inert gases such as N2, and the equipment / system is complex, with high investment and operation and maintenance costs / high energy consumption; 2) although the thermal efficiency of the N2 dry quenching vertical furnace is relatively high, the power generation efficiency of the steam boiler driven by the recovered N2 waste heat is less than 40%. Overall, the effective recovery and utilization rate of waste heat is only ~30%, and there is room for further improvement. In addition, the traditional dry quenching process produces a large amount of coke powder due to gas-solid interaction, which is difficult to use directly, resulting in a waste of resources.

[0005] At present, although some researchers have preliminarily proposed an improved solution of using CO2 as the quenching medium, the gas-solid heat exchange area in the traditional quenching vertical furnace is limited and the gas flow resistance is large, resulting in low quenching efficiency, limited quenching quality, and insufficient waste heat recovery. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the problems of low efficiency, limited quenching quality, insufficient recovery and utilization of waste heat from the quenching process, and waste of coke powder resources in traditional coke quenching, the present invention provides a CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching vertical furnace, a coke quenching system, and a coke quenching method, which realize rapid quenching and efficient utilization of waste heat from red coke and powdered coke. Specifically, CO2 is used as a cooling medium for direct countercurrent heat exchange with high-temperature raw materials (such as red coke), and a new vertical furnace structure with multi-stage CO2 crossing a thin layer of coke / semi-coke is constructed to increase the gas-solid contact area, reduce gas flow resistance, promote carbon thermal reaction of CO2 with C to generate CO, and realize rapid cooling of raw materials; and directly introduce CO2 into the coke / semi-coke layer to expand micropores in the coke block and enhance coke activity through thermochemical reaction; at the same time, CO2 is reduced to CO resources by the pores of high-temperature coke or powdered C, and efficient utilization of waste heat from red coke and powdered coke and resource conversion of CO2 are realized through "thermal energy-chemical energy" conversion.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching shaft furnace, comprising a shaft furnace body, a feeding device located at the top of the shaft furnace body, and a discharging device located at the bottom of the shaft furnace body, and further comprising:

[0008] Several air-permeable components are arranged inside the vertical furnace body and are spaced apart along the length direction of the vertical furnace body and extend along the width and height directions of the vertical furnace body, dividing the internal space of the vertical furnace body into several channels. Materials are spaced apart in the several channels to form spaced apart material channels and airflow channels, forming several thin layers of coke / semi-coke to reduce gas flow resistance; the airflow channels are located on both sides of the material channels, and the outermost channels are all airflow channels;

[0009] A plurality of windshields are arranged inside each of the air flow channels and spaced apart along the height direction of the corresponding air flow channels. The windshields inside adjacent air flow channels are staggered in the height direction, so that the air flow channels are divided into multiple levels of flow channels by the windshields, allowing the gas to traverse the material layer in the material channel in multiple levels, thereby increasing the gas-solid contact area;

[0010] A lower CO2 feeding device is sleeved on the outside of the lower portion of the vertical furnace body and is provided with an annular air inlet duct which is in communication with the interior of the vertical furnace body;

[0011] The upper CO discharge device is sleeved on the outside of the upper part of the vertical furnace body, and is provided with an annular outlet air duct which is communicated with the interior of the vertical furnace body.

[0012] The air flow channels of the present invention are located on both sides of the material channel, and the number of the air flow channels is the number of the material channels plus 1.

[0013] Furthermore, the vertical furnace body is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the air permeable component is vertically arranged inside the vertical furnace body, the air permeable component is a plate structure with an air permeable structure, and multiple air permeable components are arranged in parallel.

[0014] Preferably, the breathable structure is a breathable hole.

[0015] Preferably, the breathable structures on adjacent breathable components are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0016] Furthermore, the ventilation component is a ventilation shutter.

[0017] Furthermore, the area of the permeable structure on the permeable component gradually increases from the lower CO2 feed device to the upper CO2 discharge device. This preferred solution allows the permeable structure to adapt to the gas volume as CO2 reacts with carbon dioxide in the shaft furnace to produce twice the amount of CO, further facilitating stable pressure maintenance within the shaft furnace.

[0018] Furthermore, the feeding device and the discharging device are both double-valve structures, and the continuous closed operation of the CO2 quenching / semi-coke vertical furnace is achieved by alternately opening and closing.

[0019] More preferably, the feeding device includes a feeding silo, with an upper valve and a lower valve provided at the upper and lower portions of the feeding silo, respectively. At the start of charging, the upper valve of the feeding device is opened and the lower valve is closed, allowing the coke / semi-coke to enter the silo. When the silo is full, the upper valve is closed and the lower valve is opened, allowing the coke / semi-coke to enter the material channel. When the silo is empty, the upper valve is opened and the lower valve is closed, allowing recharging.

[0020] More preferably, the discharging device comprises a discharging silo, and an upper valve and a lower valve are respectively provided at the upper part and the lower part of the discharging silo.

[0021] Furthermore, the vertical furnace body is provided with air-permeable sidewalls on portions of its sidewalls corresponding to the annular inlet and outlet air ducts. These air-permeable sidewalls are parallel to the air-permeable components within the vertical furnace body, and the air-permeable structures on these sidewalls are staggered with those on adjacent air-permeable components. The CO2 quenching / semi-coke vertical furnace body and the annular inlet air duct are connected via the air-permeable structures on both sides of the vertical furnace body.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching system, comprising a CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching vertical furnace, a waste heat boiler and a CO resource recovery gas holder as described in the first aspect, arranged in sequence, wherein the waste heat boiler is connected to the upper CO discharge device in the CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching vertical furnace.

[0023] The CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching system further includes a CO2 supply device connected to the lower CO2 feeding device. The CO2 supply device is selected from a carbonate decomposition kiln or an oxygen-enriched / pure oxygen combustion industrial furnace. Carbonate decomposition kilns include lime kilns and cement kilns, and oxygen-enriched / pure oxygen combustion industrial furnaces include oxygen-enriched / pure oxygen heating furnaces and oxygen-enriched / pure oxygen calcining kilns. The CO2 in the exhaust gas from the carbonate decomposition kiln or the oxygen-enriched / pure oxygen combustion industrial furnace serves as a cooling medium for subsequent mixing with CO.

[0024] The present invention uses CO2 in the tail gas of carbonate decomposition kilns and oxygen-rich / pure oxygen combustion furnaces as the cooling medium, and directly exchanges heat with high-temperature red coke. Based on the "thermal energy-chemical energy" conversion, it realizes rapid coke quenching, enhanced coke / semi-coke activity, and efficient utilization of waste heat / powdered coke resources and CO2 resource utilization.

[0025] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching method, which is carried out in the CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching system described in the second aspect, comprising: CO2 and CO circulating gas are mixed and introduced from the lower side of the vertical furnace body through the annular inlet duct of the lower CO2 feeding device and enter the air flow channel, and high-temperature raw materials are added from the feeding device at the top of the vertical furnace body and then enter the material channel; under the action of the windshield in the air flow channel, CO2 enters the material channel through the air permeable component and crosses the material layer in the material channel, and performs gas-solid direct heat transfer with the high-temperature raw materials. , and a strong endothermic process of carbon thermal reaction between CO2 and C occurs. The high specific heat capacity of CO2 and the "heat-mass" conversion are used to greatly improve the heat flux density of gas-solid heat transfer, thereby realizing rapid cooling of high-temperature raw materials. After multi-stage cross-layer, CO2 is converted into CO and is led out from the annular outlet duct of the CO discharging device on the upper part of the vertical furnace body. The drawn-out CO is introduced into the waste heat boiler for waste heat recovery, and then a part of the CO enters the CO resource recovery gas cabinet, and the other part of the CO is mixed with CO2 as circulating cooling gas and introduced again from the annular inlet duct on the lower side of the vertical furnace body.

[0026] Furthermore, the method also includes: at the beginning of loading, the upper valve of the feeding device is opened and the lower valve is closed, and the raw materials enter the silo of the feeding device; after the silo is filled, the upper valve of the feeding device is closed and the lower valve is opened, and the raw materials enter the material channel; after the silo is emptied, the upper valve of the feeding device is opened, the lower valve of the feeding device is closed, and loading is carried out again; the raw materials are coke and / or lignite.

[0027] The principle of the CO2 rapid quenching of coke / semi-coke of the present invention is as follows: CO2, which has a specific heat capacity much greater than that of traditional dry quenching cooling media such as N2, is used as the cooling medium, and a strong endothermic process characterized by the thermal reaction of CO2 with C carbon is constructed. The gas-solid heat flux density is greatly improved through "heat-mass" conversion, thereby achieving rapid cooling of high-temperature red coke / semi-coke.

[0028] The principle of enhancing the activity of coke / semi-coke is as follows: CO2 is directly introduced into the coke / semi-coke layer through the breathable components and penetrates into the coke pores. Through thermochemical reaction with C, "C vacancies" are formed on the inner surface of the pores. The formation of "C vacancies" and the migration of gas in the pores will effectively expand the micro-channels in the coke block and improve the coke / semi-coke porosity / reaction activity.

[0029] The principle of efficient utilization of coke / semi-char waste heat and its powdered coke is as follows: in the thermochemical quenching process, the sensible heat of high-temperature red coke / semi-char is used as the heat source, and the powdered C in the pores of coke / semi-char is used as the reducing agent to reduce CO2 to CO. Through the "thermal energy-chemical energy" conversion, the direct and efficient utilization of waste heat / powdered coke and the resource conversion of CO2 are achieved.

[0030] The present invention adopts a CO2 / CO mixture as the cooling gas, and can use CO to adjust the cooling gas flow (total pressure) and CO2 concentration (partial pressure) in the thermochemical quenching process, thereby reducing the coke / semi-coke consumption rate and improving the CO2 conversion rate.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution of the invention are as follows:

[0032] The present invention boasts an ingenious and easy-to-operate structure. By comprehensively considering the energy / mass coupling mechanisms of processes such as coke quenching, waste heat utilization, resource utilization of fine coke, and CO2 conversion, key equipment for rapid CO2 thermochemical quenching of coke / semi-char and a new method for improving its quality were constructed. On the one hand, a multi-stage CO2 vertical furnace structure with a thin layer of coke / semi-char, built on several permeable components, was developed to increase the gas-solid contact area and gas flow resistance, achieving rapid cooling of red coke / semi-char and enhancing its activity. On the other hand, a CO2 thermochemical conversion quenching method was constructed, achieving improved quality of red coke waste heat, resource utilization of fine coke, and production of high-quality CO through CO2 conversion, based on the "thermal-to-chemical" conversion process.

[0033] Specific beneficial effects include at least:

[0034] (1) The CO2 quenching coke / semi-char vertical furnace of the present invention is provided with a plurality of air-permeable components inside the vertical furnace body, which divide the internal space of the vertical furnace body into material channels and air flow channels arranged at intervals, forming a plurality of coke / semi-char thin layers, thereby reducing gas flow resistance.

[0035] (2) The present invention divides the air flow channel in the vertical furnace body into multiple channels by the windshield, so that the CO2 airflow crosses the coke / lignite material layer multiple times, thereby reducing the gas flow resistance and increasing the gas-solid heat exchange specific surface area and heat exchange time, thereby enhancing the heat transfer / reaction of the CO2 quenching coke / lignite process and achieving rapid coke quenching.

[0036] (3) The present invention rationally designs the permeable structure on the permeable component. The area of the permeable structure gradually increases from the lower CO2 feed device to the upper CO2 discharge device. The area of the permeable structure adapts to the gas volume to ensure stable gas pressure.

[0037] (4) The present invention designs square annular inlet and outlet air ducts, and the inlet / outlet channels are connected to both sides of the vertical furnace body through a breathable structure, so that the inlet / outlet air ducts can be evenly distributed in the height direction.

[0038] (5) The present invention designs the coke / lignite feeding and discharging device as a double-valve structure, and realizes closed continuous feeding and discharging through the alternating opening and closing of the upper / lower double valves and the buffering effect of the charging bin.

[0039] (6) The present invention introduces CO2 directly into the coke / lignite layer through the permeable component and penetrates into the coke pores. Through the thermochemical reaction with C, "C vacancies" are formed on the inner surface of the pores. The formation of "C vacancies" and the migration of gas in the pores will effectively expand the micro-channels in the coke block and improve the coke / lignite porosity / reaction activity.

[0040] (7) In the CO2 quenching coke / lignite vertical furnace of the present invention, a carbon thermal reduction reaction occurs between CO2 and the pores of high-temperature coke / lignite or powdered C, converting CO2 into high-quality CO resources and realizing the resource utilization of powdered coke. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching system of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Center AA view.

[0043] Among them: 1-CO2 quenching coke / semi-char vertical furnace; 2-CO annular outlet air duct; 3-windshield; 4-CO2 annular inlet air duct; 5-air flow channel; 6-ventilation shutter; 7-material channel; 8-coke / semi-char feeding device; 9-feed double valve; 10-coke / semi-char discharging device; 11-discharging double valve; 12-waste heat boiler; 13-CO resource recovery gas cabinet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0045] This invention addresses the issues of limited quenching quality, low quenching efficiency, insufficient waste heat recovery, and waste of fine coke, such as high-temperature coke / semi-coke. It provides a CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching coke / semi-coke shaft furnace and a new process for improving its quality. "Coke / semi-coke" refers to either coke or semi-coke.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the system includes a CO2 quenching coke / semi-char vertical furnace body 1, a CO annular outlet air duct 2, a windshield 3, a CO2 annular inlet air duct 4, an air flow channel 5, a ventilation shutter 6, a material channel 7, a coke / semi-char feeding device 8, a coke / semi-char feeding double valve 9, a coke / semi-char discharging device 10, a coke / semi-char discharging double valve 11, a waste heat boiler 12, and a CO resource recovery gas holder 13.

[0048] The CO2 in the tail gas of carbonate decomposition kilns represented by lime kilns and cement kilns, and oxygen-enriched / pure oxygen combustion industrial furnaces represented by oxygen-enriched / pure oxygen heating furnaces and oxygen-enriched / pure oxygen calcining kilns is used as a cooling medium. After mixing with CO, CO2 is introduced into the air flow channel 5 from the annular air duct 4 on the lower side of the quenching coke / semi-coke vertical furnace body 1, and the high-temperature coke / semi-coke is added to the material channel 7 from the top inlet of the vertical furnace body 1; under the action of the windshield 3, CO2 passes through the air louver 6 and enters the coke / semi-coke material layer in the coke channel 7, and performs gas-solid direct heat transfer with the high-temperature coke / semi-coke, and CO2 and C In strongly endothermic processes such as carbon thermal reaction, the high specific heat capacity of CO2 and the "heat-mass" conversion are used to greatly increase the heat flux density of gas-solid heat transfer, thereby achieving rapid cooling of high-temperature red coke / semi-coke; after multi-stage traversal of the coke / semi-coke material layer, CO2 is converted into CO and drawn out from the annular outlet duct 2 on the upper part of the coke quenching vertical furnace body 1; the drawn-out CO is introduced into the CO waste heat boiler 12 for waste heat recovery, and then a part of the CO enters the CO resource recovery gas cabinet 13, and the other part of the CO is mixed with CO2 as circulating cooling gas and then introduced again from the annular inlet duct 4 on the lower side of the coke quenching / semi-coke vertical furnace body 1.

[0049] See also Figure 1 The coke / semi-char quenching vertical furnace body 1 is divided into four groups of material channels 7 and five groups of airflow channels 5 by air-permeable components, and the airflow channels 5 are located on both sides of the material channels 7 (the schematic diagram is for illustrating the principle, and it can actually be divided into several groups of material channels and airflow channels as needed, with one more airflow channel than the material channel); under the action of the air-permeable components, several thin layers of coke / semi-char are formed in the coke / semi-char quenching vertical furnace body 1, reducing the gas flow resistance; in particular, the airflow channels 5 are divided into multi-stage channels by the windshield 3, so that the CO2 airflow crosses the coke / semi-char material layer multiple times, while achieving the purpose of increasing the gas-solid heat exchange specific surface area and heat exchange time, thereby enhancing the heat transfer / reaction of the CO2 coke / semi-char quenching process and achieving rapid coke quenching.

[0050] See also Figure 1 The upper CO outlet and lower CO inlet of the CO2-quenched coke / semi-char vertical furnace body 1 are both annular air ducts 4, ensuring uniform airflow. The connection between the CO2-quenched coke / semi-char vertical furnace body 1 and the CO2 introduction annular air duct 4 is illustrated as an example. Ventilation structures are provided on both sides of the vertical furnace body 1, connecting to the CO2 introduction annular air duct 4. The two sidewalls of the vertical furnace body 1, where the ventilating structures are located, are parallel to the ventilating components within the furnace. The ventilating structures on the vertical furnace body 1 are staggered with those on adjacent ventilating components. The ventilating components are louvers, and the ventilating structures are air holes.

[0051] See also Figure 1 The coke / semi-char feed device 8 at the top and the coke / semi-char discharge device 10 at the bottom of the coke / semi-char vertical furnace body 1 both have dual-valve structures, corresponding to the dual-feed valve 9 and the dual-discharge valve 11, respectively, to achieve continuous closed operation of the CO2-quenched coke / semi-char vertical furnace. The coke / semi-char feed device 8 is used as an example to illustrate the principle of alternating opening and closing closed feeding: at the beginning of charging, the upper valve of the dual-feed valve 9 is opened and the lower valve is closed, allowing coke / semi-char to enter the silo; after the silo is filled, the upper valve of the dual-feed valve 9 is closed and the lower valve is opened, allowing coke / semi-char to enter the material channel 7; after the silo is emptied, the upper valve of the dual-feed valve 9 is opened and the lower valve is closed, allowing charging again.

[0052] Specifically, CO2 is directly introduced into the coke / semi-coke layer and penetrates into the coke pores. Through thermochemical reaction with C, "C vacancies" are formed on the inner surface of the pores. The formation of "C vacancies" and the migration of gas in the pores will effectively expand the microchannels in the coke block and improve the porosity / reaction activity of the coke / semi-coke.

[0053] In the quenching coke / semi-char vertical furnace body 1, the sensible heat of high-temperature coke / semi-char is used as a heat source, and the pores of coke / semi-char or powdered coke is used as a reducing agent to carry out a CO2 thermochemical reduction reaction to produce CO, thereby realizing direct and efficient utilization of waste heat / powdered coke and resource conversion of CO2.

[0054] In particular, the cooling gas adopts a CO2 / CO mixture, aiming to use CO to regulate the cooling gas flow (total pressure) and CO2 concentration (partial pressure) of the thermochemical quenching coke / semi-coke process, thereby reducing the coke / semi-coke consumption rate and improving the CO2 conversion rate.

[0055] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching shaft furnace, comprising a shaft furnace body, a feeding device located at the top of the shaft furnace body, and a discharging device located at the bottom of the shaft furnace body, characterized in that: Also includes: A plurality of air-permeable components are arranged inside the vertical furnace body and are spaced apart along the length direction of the vertical furnace body and extend along the width and height directions of the vertical furnace body, so as to divide the internal space of the vertical furnace body into a plurality of channels. Materials are spaced apart in the plurality of channels to form spaced apart material channels and airflow channels. The airflow channels are located on both sides of the material channels, and the outermost channels are all airflow channels. A plurality of windshields are arranged inside each of the air flow channels and spaced apart along the height direction of the corresponding air flow channels. The windshields inside adjacent air flow channels are staggered in the height direction, so that the air flow channels are divided into multiple levels of flow channels by the windshields, allowing the gas to traverse the material layers in the material channel in multiple levels; A lower CO2 feeding device is sleeved on the outside of the lower portion of the vertical furnace body and is provided with an annular air inlet duct which is in communication with the interior of the vertical furnace body; The upper CO discharge device is sleeved on the outside of the upper part of the vertical furnace body, and is provided with an annular outlet air duct which is communicated with the interior of the vertical furnace body.

2. The CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching shaft furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical furnace body is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the air permeable component is vertically arranged inside the vertical furnace body, the air permeable component is a plate structure with an air permeable structure, multiple air permeable components are arranged in parallel, and the air permeable structures on adjacent air permeable components are staggered.

3. The CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching shaft furnace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The ventilation component is a ventilation shutter.

4. The CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching shaft furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the direction from the lower CO2 feeding device to the upper CO2 discharging device, the area of the air permeable structure on the air permeable component gradually increases.

5. The CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching shaft furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding device and the discharging device are both double-valve structures. The feeding device includes a feeding silo, and an upper valve and a lower valve are respectively provided at the upper and lower parts of the feeding silo. The discharging device includes a discharging silo, and an upper valve and a lower valve are respectively provided at the upper and lower parts of the discharging silo.

6. The CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching shaft furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vertical furnace body is provided with air-permeable side walls on the side walls corresponding to the annular inlet air duct and the annular outlet air duct. The air-permeable side walls are parallel to the air-permeable components inside the vertical furnace body. The air-permeable structures on the air-permeable side walls are staggered with the air-permeable structures on adjacent air-permeable components.

7. A CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching system, characterized in that: It comprises a CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching vertical furnace, a waste heat boiler and a CO resource recovery gas holder as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, which are arranged in sequence, and the waste heat boiler is connected to the upper CO discharging device in the CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching vertical furnace.

8. The CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching system also includes a CO2 supply device, which is connected to the lower CO2 feeding device. The CO2 supply device is selected from a carbonate decomposition kiln and an oxygen-enriched / pure oxygen combustion industrial furnace. The carbonate decomposition kiln includes a lime kiln and a cement kiln. The oxygen-enriched / pure oxygen combustion industrial furnace includes an oxygen-enriched / pure oxygen heating furnace and an oxygen-enriched / pure oxygen calcining kiln.

9. A CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching method, characterized in that: The method is carried out in the CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching system described in claim 7 or 8, comprising: mixing CO2 with CO circulating gas, introducing the CO2 through an annular inlet duct of a lower CO2 feeding device from the lower side of the shaft furnace body and into the airflow channel, adding high-temperature raw materials from the feeding device at the top of the shaft furnace body and then entering the material channel; under the action of a windshield in the airflow channel, the CO2 enters the material channel through a breathable component and traverses the material layer in the material channel, undergoing direct gas-solid heat transfer with the high-temperature raw materials, and undergoing a strong endothermic process of carbon thermal reaction between CO2 and C. The high specific heat capacity of CO2 and the "heat-to-mass" conversion greatly increase the gas-solid heat flux density, thereby achieving rapid cooling of the high-temperature raw materials; after traversing the material layer in multiple stages, the CO2 is converted into CO and discharged from the annular outlet duct of the CO discharging device at the top of the shaft furnace body; the discharged CO is passed into a waste heat boiler for waste heat recovery, and then a portion of the CO2 enters a CO resource recovery gas cabinet, and the remaining portion of the CO2 is mixed with the CO2 as circulating cooling gas and then introduced again through the annular inlet duct on the lower side of the shaft furnace body.

10. The CO2 thermochemical rapid quenching method according to claim 9, characterized in that: Also includes: When loading begins, the upper valve of the feeding device opens and the lower valve closes, and the raw materials enter the silo of the feeding device; After the silo is filled, the upper valve of the feeding device is closed and the lower valve is opened, and the raw materials enter the material channel; after the silo is emptied, the upper valve of the feeding device is opened and the lower valve of the feeding device is closed, and the material is loaded again; the raw materials are coke or lignite.

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