Methods for Fault Handling and Control of Water Injection Wells Based on RTU Edge Computing

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of oil production technology, specifically to a method for handling and fine-grained control of water injection well faults based on RTU edge computing, comprising the following steps: 1) Obtaining the water injection range and diagnostic control model from the cloud and pushing it to the water distribution room RTU; 2) Based on the pump pressure, oil pressure, and real-time water injection flow data of the water injection well collected by current sensors, the water distribution room RTU determines the water injection status according to the water injection range; if abnormal pressure fluctuations are diagnosed, water injection well pipeline perforation diagnosis and treatment are performed; if there are no abnormal pressure fluctuations, water injection well compliance rate control is performed; 3) Water injection well pipeline perforation diagnosis and treatment; 4) Water injection well compliance rate control; This invention method performs abnormal diagnosis of water injection pipelines based on real-time collected water well and pipeline pressure data, identifies sudden perforation problems and handles them in a timely manner, significantly improving the efficiency of water injection well fault handling and effectively solving the problem of serious lag in fault detection and handling in oilfield water injection management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil production technology, specifically to a method for handling and fine-grained control of water injection well faults based on RTU edge computing. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, major oilfields in my country have accelerated the informatization of oil and gas production operations, with the Internet of Things (IoT) at its core. With the promotion of IoT in oilfields and the widespread use of intelligent equipment and sensors, real-time sensing data has surged. This massive data transmission has caused congestion in transmission channels. Existing cloud-based IoT systems for oil and gas production heavily rely on the network for control processes; when the network is interrupted, production inevitably stops, posing a significant threat to oilfield safety.

[0003] Currently, the oilfield faces serious problems in water injection management, such as delayed detection and handling of water injection well faults, untimely adjustment of water injection volume, and difficulty in achieving precise control of water injection wells. While fluctuations in instantaneous water volume within ±20% of the injection plan can meet the water injection compliance rate requirements, the instantaneous water volume on site cannot meet the water injection compliance rate requirements due to changes in water injection pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to further select a suitable instantaneous water volume based on the commissioning data of the stratified wells. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical shortcomings, this invention provides a method for precise control of water injection wells based on RTU edge computing. This method pushes the water injection range and diagnostic control model calculated from debugging data to an intelligent module at the edge. Based on the production data collected by current sensors, the module autonomously judges the water injection status, intelligently adjusts the water injection wells, and promptly reports any well problems, achieving precise and stable water injection.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to achieve the above objectives is: a method for handling and controlling water injection well faults based on RTU edge computing, comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1) Obtain the water injection range and diagnostic control model from the cloud and push them to the RTU in the water distribution room;

[0007] 2) Based on the pump pressure, oil pressure, and real-time water injection flow data collected by the current sensors, the RTU in the water distribution room determines the water injection status according to the water injection range; if abnormal pressure fluctuations are diagnosed, the water injection well pipeline perforation diagnosis and treatment are performed; if there are no abnormal pressure fluctuations, the water injection well compliance rate control is performed.

[0008] 3) Diagnosis and handling of perforation in water injection well pipelines: Based on the pump pressure and oil pressure of the water injection wells, abnormality diagnosis of water injection pipelines is performed to determine the perforation problem. The opening of the control valve on the corresponding pipeline is controlled by controlling the high-pressure flow meter to adjust the water injection volume. At the same time, the problem is reported to the cloud.

[0009] 4) Water Injection Well Compliance Rate Management and Handling: The water injection well commissioning data pushed from the cloud is used as the basis for adjustment. Based on the collected real-time water injection flow data and water injection well oil pressure data, the water injection qualification rate and water injection compliance rate of the water injection well are judged. The water injection volume is adjusted by controlling the opening of the control valve on the corresponding pipeline through the control high pressure flow meter. The expired or critical situation of water injection data and the operation of adjusting the water injection volume are reported to the cloud in a timely manner.

[0010] The acquisition of water injection range and diagnostic control model includes diagnosing faults and their corresponding water injection ranges.

[0011] The diagnosis and treatment of perforation in the water injection well pipeline includes the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Analyze historical data on pump pressure, oil pressure, and water injection flow rate of the injection well through cloud computing to determine the pump pressure fluctuation threshold, oil pressure fluctuation threshold, and lower limit of water injection volume;

[0013] Step 2: Upload the real-time pump pressure and oil pressure of the injection well to the water distribution room RTU;

[0014] Step 3: The RTU in the water distribution room determines whether the pump pressure is less than the pump pressure fluctuation threshold. If the pump pressure is less than the pump pressure fluctuation threshold, it is diagnosed as a perforation in the water injection manifold, and proceed to step 5; otherwise, proceed to step 4.

[0015] Step 4: Determine if the oil pressure is less than the oil pressure fluctuation threshold. If it is less, diagnose a perforation in the water injection branch pipeline and proceed to step 6; otherwise, there is no fault, maintain the current state.

[0016] Step 5: Compare the current oil pressure and pump pressure of the injection well, and report the water injection pipeline problems and handling operations to the cloud.

[0017] Step 6: The RTU in the water distribution room adjusts the water injection volume to the lower limit value by controlling the flow controller; and reports the water injection pipeline problems and handling operations to the cloud.

[0018] Step 5 specifically involves:

[0019] When the pump pressure of the injection well is greater than the oil pressure of the injection well, maintain the current state and do not make any adjustments;

[0020] When the pump pressure of the injection well equals the oil pressure of the injection well, the RTU in the water distribution room adjusts the valve opening of the control valve on the pipeline through the flow controller, thereby reducing the water injection volume;

[0021] When the pump pressure is lower than the oil pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room adjusts the water injection volume to the lower limit value through the flow controller.

[0022] The compliance rate control and processing of the water injection wells includes the following steps:

[0023] (1) Obtain the water injection pressure range [P1,P2], the quantitative range [Q1,Q2], and the water volume range [Qa,Qb] that meets the water injection compliance rate under different water injection pressures through the cloud and push them to the water distribution room RTU;

[0024] (2) Collect the water injection flow rate data Q and the water injection pressure P of the water injection well, and upload them to the water distribution room RTU;

[0025] (3) The RTU in the water distribution room performs supercritical state judgment on the oil pressure and water injection flow data of the injection well. If at least one state is in a supercritical state, the pressure supercritical state or the water injection flow supercritical state is reported to the cloud; otherwise, step (4) is executed.

[0026] The determination of supercritical state is as follows:

[0027] If the oil pressure in the injection well is not within the injection pressure range [P1,P2], that is, P<P1 or P>P2, then it is a pressure supercritical state.

[0028] If the water injection volume is not within the water injection quantity range [Q1,Q2], that is, Q<Q1 or Q>Q2, then the water injection volume is in a supercritical state.

[0029] (4) Make a judgment on the water injection compliance rate. The RTU in the water distribution room adjusts the water injection volume of the water injection well according to different working conditions through the flow controller to realize the control of the water injection well. According to the debugging data obtained from the cloud, the water injection compliance rate level is set. According to the water injection compliance rate level, the water injection volume of the water injection well is further adjusted to improve the water injection compliance rate. After the water injection volume of the water injection well is adjusted, step (5) is executed.

[0030] (5) Correct the water injection volume according to the fluctuation error conformity table of the three-fixed card;

[0031] (6) Report the water injection treatment operation to the cloud.

[0032] The determination of water injection compliance rate is specifically as follows:

[0033] If the water injection volume already meets the set optimal water volume control range for the water injection compliance rate under the current water injection pressure, then maintain the current production status.

[0034] If, under the current injection pressure, the injection volume exceeds the water volume control range that meets the injection compliance rate, or is within the water volume range that meets the injection compliance rate requirements but is not in the optimal control state, then the water well injection volume will be adjusted according to different injection compliance rate operating conditions to achieve water injection volume control of the injection well.

[0035] If, under the current injection pressure, the injection volume exceeds the range required for the injection compliance rate, specifically:

[0036] If the current water injection volume is lower than the lower limit of the water injection compliance rate Qa under the current pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the valve opening of the corresponding control valve on the pipeline through the high-pressure flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the lower limit of the water injection compliance rate Qa under the current pressure.

[0037] If the current water injection volume is higher than the upper limit of the water volume for compliance under the current pressure, Qb, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the valve opening of the corresponding control valve on the pipeline through the high-pressure flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the upper limit of the water volume for compliance under the current pressure, Qb.

[0038] The state described as being in a condition where the water injection compliance rate has been met but the optimal control state is not yet optimal, specifically:

[0039] When the water injection volume meets the water volume range required for the water injection compliance rate, but is not in the optimal control state, the compliance rate level of the water injection volume under the current state is determined, and the following adjustments are made:

[0040] If the current water injection pressure is at which the current water injection compliance rate is 1, then maintain the current production status.

[0041] A. If the current water injection compliance rate level is 2, determine whether water injection compliance rate level 2 is the optimal compliance rate level under the current water injection pressure.

[0042] If the current production level is already optimal, then maintain the current production state.

[0043] If it is a non-optimal level, further determine the relationship between the current water injection flow rate and the water injection compliance rate level 1 water injection range;

[0044] If the current water injection volume is lower than the lower limit of water injection compliance level 1 under the current pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the valve opening of the control valve on the pipeline through the flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the lower limit of water injection compliance level 1 under the current pressure.

[0045] If the current water injection volume is higher than the upper limit of the water injection compliance rate level 1 under the current pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the valve opening of the control valve on the pipeline through the flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the upper limit of the water injection compliance rate level 1 under the current pressure.

[0046] B. Determine whether water injection compliance rate level 3 is the optimal compliance rate level under the current water injection pressure;

[0047] If the current production level is already optimal, then maintain the current production state.

[0048] If it is not the optimal level, determine the compliance rate level of the previous level under the current state, and further determine the relationship between the current water injection flow rate and the water injection range of the previous compliance rate.

[0049] If the current water injection volume is lower than the lower limit of the previous level compliance rate under the current pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the opening of the control valve on the pipeline through the flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the lower limit of the previous level compliance rate under the current pressure.

[0050] If the current water injection volume is higher than the upper limit of the previous level compliance rate under the current pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the valve opening of the control valve on the pipeline through the flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the upper limit of the previous level compliance rate under the current pressure.

[0051] C. If the current water injection compliance rate level is 0, determine the water injection compliance rate level of the next higher level under the current water injection pressure, and further determine the relationship between the current water injection flow rate and the water injection range of the next higher compliance rate.

[0052] If the current water injection volume is lower than the lower limit of the previous level compliance rate under the current pressure, the water distribution room will adjust the opening of the control valve on the pipeline through the flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the lower limit of the previous level compliance rate under the current pressure.

[0053] If the current water injection volume is higher than the upper limit of the previous level's compliance rate under the current pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the opening of the control valve on the pipeline by reducing the flow controller, thereby adjusting the water injection volume to the upper limit of the previous level's compliance rate under the current pressure.

[0054] The present invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:

[0055] 1. The method of this invention introduces edge computing technology into the field of oilfield applications. Through edge-cloud collaborative control of the water injection system, it not only meets the real-time requirements of the Internet of Things for field data collection, transmission and production control in oil and gas production, but also solves the production safety problem that has long plagued oilfield enterprises. It replaces experience-based judgment and manual operation with intelligent diagnosis and automatic control, thereby significantly improving production efficiency.

[0056] 2. The method of the present invention is based on real-time collected water well and pipeline pressure data to diagnose abnormalities in water injection pipelines, identify sudden perforation problems and deal with them in a timely manner, which greatly improves the efficiency of water injection well fault handling and effectively solves the problem of serious lag in fault detection and handling in oilfield water injection management.

[0057] 3. The method of the present invention automatically analyzes the current pressure and instantaneous water volume of the injection well, and intelligently adjusts the water injection distribution based on the well commissioning data, thereby effectively improving the water injection compliance rate. Attached Figure Description

[0058] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the water injection control system of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the water injection well fault handling and fine control method of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 3 This is a flowchart for handling water injection well malfunctions;

[0061] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the detailed management and control process for water injection wells. Detailed Implementation

[0062] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0063] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a water injection control system diagram of the present invention.

[0064] Pump pressure sensors, oil pressure sensors, and high-pressure flow controllers connected to control valves are installed on the water injection pipeline and water injection manifold, respectively. The pump pressure sensors, oil pressure sensors, and high-pressure flow controllers are all commercially available products. The pump pressure sensors and oil pressure sensors transmit the pump pressure and oil pressure of the corresponding water injection pipeline or water injection manifold to the water distribution unit in real time. The high-pressure flow controller is used to control the opening degree of the control valve.

[0065] Pump pressure sensors, oil pressure sensors, and high-pressure flow controllers transmit the pump pressure, oil pressure, and water injection flow rate of the water injection pipeline or water injection manifold to the water distribution room RTU in real time. The water distribution room RTU determines the water injection status based on the water injection range transmitted from the cloud and determines whether there are abnormal pressure fluctuations. Based on the determination results, it selects to perform water injection well pipeline perforation diagnosis and treatment or water injection well compliance rate control treatment.

[0066] The high-pressure flow controller controls the valve opening to increase or decrease the water injection flow rate, thereby controlling the flow rate of each water injection pipeline and achieving automated control. At the same time, the diagnostic problem and handling process, as well as the water injection data, are uploaded to the cloud.

[0067] like Figure 2 The diagram shown is a flowchart of the water injection well fault handling and fine control method of the present invention.

[0068] 1. The water injection range and diagnostic control model calculated from the debugging data are pushed to the RTU in the water distribution room via the cloud.

[0069] The commissioning data is based on historical data records from the current water injection wells and is based on existing technology.

[0070] 2. Based on the pump pressure, oil pressure, and real-time water injection flow data collected by the current sensors, the RTU in the water distribution room determines the water injection status according to the water injection range; if abnormal pressure fluctuations are diagnosed, the water injection well pipeline perforation diagnosis and treatment are performed; if there are no abnormal pressure fluctuations, the water injection well compliance rate control is performed.

[0071] 3. Diagnosis and handling of perforation in water injection well pipelines: Based on the pump pressure and oil pressure of the water injection wells, abnormalities in the water injection pipelines are diagnosed, perforation problems are identified, and the opening of the control valves on the corresponding pipelines is controlled by controlling the high-pressure flow meter to adjust the water injection volume. At the same time, the problem is reported to the cloud.

[0072] 4. Water Injection Well Compliance Rate Management and Handling: The water injection well commissioning data pushed from the cloud is used as the basis for adjustment. Based on the collected real-time water injection flow data and water injection well oil pressure data, the water injection qualification rate and water injection compliance rate of the water injection well are judged. The water injection volume is adjusted by controlling the opening of the control valve on the corresponding pipeline through the control high-pressure flow meter. The expired or critical water injection data and the operation of adjusting the water injection volume are reported to the cloud in a timely manner.

[0073] Diagnosis and treatment of perforation in water injection well pipelines, such as Figure 3 As shown:

[0074] Step (1): Analyze historical data of pump pressure, oil pressure and water injection flow rate of injection wells through cloud computing to determine the pump pressure fluctuation threshold, oil pressure fluctuation threshold and lower limit of water injection volume;

[0075] Step (2): Upload the real-time pump pressure and oil pressure of the injection well to the water distribution room RTU;

[0076] Step (3): The RTU in the water distribution room determines whether the pump pressure is less than the pump pressure fluctuation threshold. If the pump pressure is less than the pump pressure fluctuation threshold, it is diagnosed as a perforation in the water injection manifold and proceeds to step 5; otherwise, proceed to step 4.

[0077] Step (4): Determine if the oil pressure is less than the oil pressure fluctuation threshold. If it is less, the water injection branch pipeline is diagnosed as perforated, and step 6 is executed; otherwise, there is no fault, and the current state is maintained.

[0078] Step (5): Compare the current oil pressure and pump pressure of the injection well, and report the water injection pipeline problems and handling operations to the cloud.

[0079] Step (6): The water distribution room RTU adjusts the water injection volume to the lower limit value by controlling the flow controller; and reports the water injection pipeline problems and handling operations to the cloud.

[0080] Step (5) is as follows:

[0081] When the pump pressure of the injection well is greater than the oil pressure of the injection well, maintain the current state and do not make any adjustments;

[0082] When the pump pressure of the injection well equals the oil pressure of the injection well, the RTU in the water distribution room adjusts the valve opening of the control valve on the pipeline through the flow controller, thereby reducing the water injection volume;

[0083] When the pump pressure is lower than the oil pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room adjusts the water injection volume to the lower limit value through the flow controller.

[0084] In this embodiment, the compliance rate of water injection wells is precisely controlled, such as... Figure 4 As shown:

[0085] Step 1): The water injection pressure range [P1,P2], quantitative range [Q1,Q2], and water volume range that meet the water injection compliance rate under different water injection pressures are calculated by the debugging data and pushed to the edge intelligent module via the cloud.

[0086] Step 2): Collect water injection volume and oil pressure data and upload them to the water distribution room RTU;

[0087] Step 3): Check the validity period of the water injection data. If the check result is that the water injection data has expired, report the expired data.

[0088] Step 4): Run the RTU edge computing module in the water distribution room to determine the supercritical state. If the oil pressure of the injection well exceeds the injection pressure range [P1,P2] or the injection volume exceeds the injection quantity range [Q1,Q2], then the current water injection state is in a supercritical state, and the problem is reported to the cloud.

[0089] The determination of supercritical state is as follows:

[0090] If the oil pressure in the injection well is not within the injection pressure range [P1,P2], that is, P<P1 or P>P2, then it is a pressure supercritical state.

[0091] If the water injection volume is not within the water injection quantity range [Q1,Q2], that is, Q<Q1 or Q>Q2, then the water injection volume is in a supercritical state.

[0092] Step 5): Determine the water injection compliance rate. If the water injection volume at the current injection pressure already meets the optimal water volume control range for the water injection compliance rate, maintain the current production status. If the water injection volume at the current injection pressure exceeds the water volume control range for meeting the water injection compliance rate, or is within the water volume range that meets the water injection compliance rate requirements but is not in the optimal control state, adjust the water well allocation volume according to different water injection compliance rate operating conditions to achieve water injection volume control of the injection well. Proceed to Step 6 for further judgment and handling.

[0093] Step 6): Determine the water injection compliance rate, and intelligently adjust the water well injection volume for different water injection compliance rate conditions to improve the water injection compliance rate and achieve precise control of the water injection well.

[0094] (1) If the water volume exceeds the water volume range required for the water injection compliance rate under the current water injection pressure, further judgment and handling are required:

[0095] If the current water injection volume is lower than the lower limit of the water injection compliance rate Qa under the current pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the valve opening of the corresponding control valve on the pipeline through the high-pressure flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the lower limit of the water injection compliance rate Qa under the current pressure.

[0096] If the current water injection volume is higher than the upper limit of the water volume for compliance under the current pressure, Qb, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the valve opening of the corresponding control valve on the pipeline through the high-pressure flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the upper limit of the water volume for compliance under the current pressure, Qb.

[0097] (2) If the injection volume already meets the water volume range required for the injection compliance rate under the current injection pressure, then it is necessary to further determine the compliance rate level and make corresponding adjustments:

[0098] Perform a water injection compliance rate assessment. If the current water injection compliance rate is 1, then maintain the current production status.

[0099] If the current water injection compliance rate level is 2, determine whether it is the optimal compliance rate level under the current water injection pressure. If it is the optimal level, maintain the current production state. If it is not the optimal level, further determine the relationship between the current water injection flow rate and the water injection range of the first-level compliance rate. If the current water injection flow rate is lower than the lower limit of the first-level compliance rate under the current pressure, the water distribution room RTU issues a "lower limit water injection for the first-level compliance rate" control command to the high-pressure flow controller, increases the valve opening, and adjusts the water injection flow rate to the lower limit of the first-level compliance rate under the current pressure. If the current water injection flow rate is higher than the upper limit of the first-level compliance rate under the current pressure, the water distribution room RTU issues a "upper limit water injection for the first-level compliance rate" control command to the high-pressure flow controller, decreases the valve opening, and adjusts the water injection flow rate to the upper limit of the first-level compliance rate under the current pressure.

[0100] If the current water injection compliance rate level is 3, determine whether it is the optimal compliance rate level under the current water injection pressure. If it is the optimal level, maintain the current production state. If it is not the optimal level, determine the next higher compliance rate level under the current state, and further determine the relationship between the current water injection flow rate and the water injection range of the next higher compliance rate. If the current water injection volume is lower than the lower limit of the next higher compliance rate under the current pressure, the water distribution room RTU issues a "Level 2 (Level 1) Compliance Rate Lower Limit Water Injection" control command to the high-pressure flow controller, increases the valve opening, and adjusts the water injection volume to the lower limit of the next higher compliance rate under the current pressure. If the current water injection volume is higher than the upper limit of the next higher compliance rate under the current pressure, the water distribution room RTU issues a "Level 2 (Level 1) Compliance Rate Upper Limit Water Injection" control command to the high-pressure flow controller, decreases the valve opening, and adjusts the water injection volume to the upper limit of the next higher compliance rate under the current pressure.

[0101] If the current water injection compliance rate level is 0, determine the next higher compliance rate level under the current state, and further determine the relationship between the current water injection flow rate and the water injection range of the next higher compliance rate. If the current water injection volume is lower than the lower limit of the next higher compliance rate under the current pressure, the water distribution room RTU issues a "Level 3 (Level 2) Compliance Rate Lower Limit Water Injection" control command to the high-pressure flow controller, increases the valve opening, and adjusts the water injection volume to the lower limit of the next higher compliance rate under the current pressure. If the current water injection volume is higher than the upper limit of the next higher compliance rate under the current pressure, the water distribution room RTU issues a "Level 3 (Level 2) Compliance Rate Upper Limit Water Injection" control command to the high-pressure flow controller, decreases the valve opening, and adjusts the water injection volume to the upper limit of the next higher compliance rate under the current pressure.

[0102] Step 7): Correct the water injection volume according to the fluctuation error conformity table of the three-fixed card;

[0103] The water injection volume is adjusted according to the fluctuation error conformity table of the three-fixed card: if the new water injection volume setting value is within the fluctuation error range, no adjustment is made; if the new water injection volume setting value does not conform to the fluctuation error standard, if it is greater than the upper limit of the fluctuation, the water injection volume is adjusted according to the upper limit of the fluctuation, and if it is less than the lower limit of the fluctuation, the water injection volume is adjusted according to the lower limit of the fluctuation.

[0104] Among them, the three-fixed card is a well-known technology in the oilfield and water injection well fields, and is an existing form of data for setting and filling in numerical values.

[0105] Step 8): Report the water injection operation to the cloud.

Claims

1. A method for handling and controlling water injection well faults based on RTU edge computing, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Obtain the water injection range and diagnostic control model from the cloud and push them to the RTU in the water distribution room; 2) Based on the pump pressure, oil pressure, and real-time water injection flow data collected by the current sensors, the RTU in the water distribution room determines the water injection status according to the water injection range; If abnormal pressure fluctuations are diagnosed, perform diagnosis and treatment of perforation in the injection well pipeline; If there are no abnormal pressure fluctuations, then implement water injection well compliance rate control measures. 3) Diagnosis and treatment of perforation in water injection well pipelines: Based on the pump pressure and oil pressure of the water injection wells, abnormalities in the water injection pipelines are diagnosed, perforation problems are identified, and the opening of the control valves on the corresponding pipelines is controlled by the flow controller to adjust the water injection volume. At the same time, the problem is reported to the cloud. The diagnosis and treatment of perforation in the water injection well pipeline includes the following steps: Step 1: Analyze historical data on pump pressure, oil pressure, and water injection flow rate of the injection well through cloud computing to determine the pump pressure fluctuation threshold, oil pressure fluctuation threshold, and lower limit of water injection volume; Step 2: Upload the real-time pump pressure and oil pressure of the injection well to the water distribution room RTU; Step 3: The RTU in the water distribution room determines whether the pump pressure is less than the pump pressure fluctuation threshold. If the pump pressure is less than the pump pressure fluctuation threshold, it is diagnosed as a perforation in the water injection manifold, and proceed to step 5; otherwise, proceed to step 4. Step 4: Determine if the oil pressure is less than the oil pressure fluctuation threshold. If it is less, diagnose a perforation in the water injection branch pipeline and proceed to step 6; otherwise, there is no fault, maintain the current state. Step 5: Compare the current oil pressure and pump pressure of the injection well, and report the water injection pipeline problems and handling operations to the cloud. Step 6: The RTU in the water distribution room adjusts the water injection volume to the lower limit value by controlling the flow controller; and reports the water injection pipeline problems and handling operations to the cloud. 4) Water injection well compliance rate control and processing: The water injection well commissioning data pushed from the cloud is used as the basis for adjustment. Based on the collected real-time water injection flow data and water injection well oil pressure data, the water injection qualification rate and water injection compliance rate of the water injection well are judged. The water injection volume is adjusted by controlling the opening of the control valve on the corresponding pipeline through the flow controller. The water injection data expires or is critical, and the operation of adjusting the water injection volume is reported to the cloud in a timely manner. The compliance rate control and processing of the water injection wells includes the following steps: (1) Obtain the water injection pressure range [P1,P2], the quantitative range [Q1,Q2] and the water volume range [Qa,Qb] that meets the water injection compliance rate under different water injection pressures through the cloud and push them to the water distribution room RTU; (2) Collect the water injection flow rate data Q and the water injection pressure P of the water injection well, and upload them to the water distribution room RTU; (3) The RTU in the water distribution room performs supercritical state judgment on the oil pressure and water injection flow data of the injection well. If at least one state is in a supercritical state, the pressure supercritical state or the water injection flow supercritical state is reported to the cloud; otherwise, step (4) is executed. The determination of supercritical state is as follows: If the oil pressure in the injection well is not within the injection pressure range [P1,P2], that is, P<P1 or P>P2, then it is a pressure supercritical state. If the water injection volume is not within the water injection quantity range [Q1,Q2], that is, Q<Q1 or Q>Q2, then the water injection volume is in a supercritical state. (4) Make a judgment on the water injection compliance rate. The RTU in the water distribution room adjusts the water injection volume of the water injection well according to different working conditions through the flow controller to realize the control of the water injection well. According to the debugging data obtained from the cloud, the water injection compliance rate level is set. According to the water injection compliance rate level, the water injection volume of the water injection well is further adjusted to improve the water injection compliance rate. After the water injection volume of the water injection well is adjusted, step (5) is executed. (5) Correct the water injection volume according to the fluctuation error conformity table of the three-fixed card; (6) Report the water injection treatment operation to the cloud.

2. The method for handling and controlling water injection well faults based on RTU edge computing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of water injection range and diagnostic control model includes diagnosing faults and their corresponding water injection ranges.

3. The method for handling and controlling water injection well faults based on RTU edge computing according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 5 specifically involves: When the pump pressure of the injection well is greater than the oil pressure of the injection well, maintain the current state and do not make any adjustments; When the pump pressure of the injection well equals the oil pressure of the injection well, the RTU in the water distribution room adjusts the valve opening of the control valve on the pipeline through the flow controller, thereby reducing the water injection volume; When the pump pressure is lower than the oil pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room adjusts the water injection volume to the lower limit value through the flow controller.

4. The method for handling and controlling water injection well faults based on RTU edge computing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of water injection compliance rate is specifically as follows: If the water injection volume already meets the set optimal water volume control range for the water injection compliance rate under the current water injection pressure, then maintain the current production status. If, under the current injection pressure, the injection volume exceeds the water volume control range that meets the injection compliance rate, or is within the water volume range that meets the injection compliance rate requirements but is not in the optimal control state, then the water well injection volume will be adjusted according to different injection compliance rate operating conditions to achieve water injection volume control of the injection well.

5. The method for handling and controlling water injection well faults based on RTU edge computing according to claim 4, characterized in that, If, under the current injection pressure, the injection volume exceeds the range required for the injection compliance rate, specifically: If the current water injection volume is lower than the lower limit of the water injection compliance rate Qa under the current pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the valve opening of the corresponding control valve on the pipeline through the flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the lower limit of the water injection compliance rate Qa under the current pressure. If the current water injection volume is higher than the upper limit of the water volume for the current pressure, Qb, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the valve opening of the corresponding control valve on the pipeline through the flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the upper limit of the water volume for the current pressure.

6. The method for handling and controlling water injection well faults based on RTU edge computing according to claim 4, characterized in that, If, under the current injection pressure, the injection volume is in a state that meets the injection compliance rate but is not optimally controlled, then the water well injection volume will be adjusted for different injection compliance rate conditions, specifically as follows: When the water injection volume meets the water volume range required for the water injection compliance rate, but is not in the optimal control state, the compliance rate level of the water injection volume under the current state is determined, and the following adjustments are made: If the current water injection pressure is at which the current water injection compliance rate is 1, then maintain the current production status. A. If the current water injection compliance rate level is 2, determine whether water injection compliance rate level 2 is the optimal compliance rate level under the current water injection pressure. If the current production level is already optimal, then maintain the current production state. If it is a non-optimal level, further determine the relationship between the current water injection flow rate and the water injection compliance rate level 1 water injection range; If the current water injection volume is lower than the lower limit of water injection compliance level 1 under the current pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the valve opening of the control valve on the pipeline through the flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the lower limit of water injection compliance level 1 under the current pressure. If the current water injection volume is higher than the upper limit of the water injection compliance rate level 1 under the current pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the valve opening of the control valve on the pipeline through the flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the upper limit of the water injection compliance rate level 1 under the current pressure. B. Determine whether water injection compliance rate level 3 is the optimal compliance rate level under the current water injection pressure; If the current production level is already optimal, then maintain the current production state. If it is not the optimal level, determine the compliance rate level of the previous level under the current state, and further determine the relationship between the current water injection flow rate and the water injection range of the previous compliance rate. If the current water injection volume is lower than the lower limit of the previous level compliance rate under the current pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the opening of the control valve on the pipeline through the flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the lower limit of the previous level compliance rate under the current pressure. If the current water injection volume is higher than the upper limit of the previous level compliance rate under the current pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the valve opening of the control valve on the pipeline through the flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the upper limit of the previous level compliance rate under the current pressure. C. If the current water injection compliance rate level is 0, determine the water injection compliance rate level of the next higher level under the current water injection pressure, and further determine the relationship between the current water injection flow rate and the water injection range of the next higher compliance rate. If the current water injection volume is lower than the lower limit of the previous level compliance rate under the current pressure, the water distribution room will adjust the opening of the control valve on the pipeline through the flow controller to adjust the water injection volume to the lower limit of the previous level compliance rate under the current pressure. If the current water injection volume is higher than the upper limit of the previous level's compliance rate under the current pressure, the RTU in the water distribution room will adjust the opening of the control valve on the pipeline by reducing the flow controller, thereby adjusting the water injection volume to the upper limit of the previous level's compliance rate under the current pressure.

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