A floating energy-dissipation and vibration-suppression device integrating multiple wave-breaking and flow-reducing mechanisms

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of fusion variety wave-damping flow-reducing mechanism's floating energy-dissipation vibration-suppression device, including float and anchoring system, the upper portion of the float is energy dissipation structure, middle portion is inverted Π type water-carrying pontoon structure, lower portion is inverted triangular porous plate structure, energy dissipation structure, inverted Π type water-carrying pontoon structure, inverted triangular porous plate structure are rigidly connected from top to bottom;Inverted Π type water-carrying pontoon structure is formed by water-carrying pontoon through a plurality of rib plate and widened plate rigidly connected, water-carrying pontoon two ends are respectively provided with water injection valve and drain valve, can be supplied to pontoon and discharge ballast water;Float is connected with gravity anchor foundation by double-zigzag cable.The floating energy-dissipation vibration-suppression device disclosed in the application fuses multiple wave-damping flow-reducing mechanisms, and tests prove that it has excellent energy-dissipation efficiency;Solve the single energy dissipation mechanism of existing device, wave-damping effect is not ideal and almost cannot flow and other problems;Device can be arranged into single row, multiple rows or circle structure according to need to better resist wave and current invasion.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of breakwater in ocean engineering, and particularly relates to a floating energy-dissipation and vibration-suppression device integrating multiple wave-damping and flow-reducing mechanisms, which is suitable for maintaining the safety and stability of a floating body under complex wave and current actions. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid growth of the world population, the land space is increasingly crowded, and the available land resources are insufficient, so the development of marine resources has become an urgent demand and inevitable trend on the development path of human beings. However, the complex marine environment often seriously affects the safe and stable operation of the marine resource development device or offshore work platform, making it difficult to achieve the comfort and safety indicators specified in the standard. Breakwater, a structure that can resist or reduce the invasion of waves and currents, generally refers to fixed breakwater. However, the fixed breakwater is increasingly unable to meet the requirements of convenience, economy and environmental protection due to its characteristics of immobility, dramatic increase in cost with increasing water depth, difficult construction and impact on the marine environment. Some scholars have found through experiments and theoretical analysis that on the surface of the water, the water layer with a thickness of about 3 times the wave height concentrates most of the wave energy. Obviously, the floating breakwater floating on the water can better adapt to this wave energy distribution characteristic. In particular, in the exploration of the open sea, due to the limitations of foundation conditions and engineering cost, the traditional fixed breakwater is no longer applicable, and the floating breakwater is more selected.

[0003] At present, the floating breakwater can be mainly divided into floating box type, floating cylinder type and floating raft type according to the structure. Among them, the breakwater wave-damping mechanism of the floating box type floating breakwater is to reflect the incident wave on the wave-approaching surface to reduce the wave energy and thus attenuate the transmitted wave. The material, wave-damping mechanism and characteristics of the floating cylinder type floating breakwater are similar to those of the floating box type structure breakwater. The floating raft type floating breakwater reflects and breaks the incident wave through its own deformation to reduce the wave energy.

[0004] The traditional floating box type, floating cylinder type and floating raft type breakwater has the following shortcomings: (1) the existing device has a single energy-dissipation mechanism, and the wave-damping effect is not ideal; (2) for long-period waves, the wave-damping efficiency is too low, and it is almost impossible to reduce the flow; (3) research shows that most of the wave energy is concentrated in the water layer with a thickness of about 3 times the wave height, and the wave height of general sea conditions is 2-4 m. Obviously, the water depth of the traditional floating breakwater is insufficient to cover the wave influence depth, so the energy-dissipation effect is not ideal; (4) the water-blocking area of the traditional floating box and floating cylinder type breakwater is not adjustable; (5) the dynamic response is large, and the anchoring system is easily damaged under the action of waves and currents; (6) the connection and construction of the breakwater unit are relatively complex, and the maintenance and disassembly are difficult. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is to address the aforementioned issues existing in existing floating breakwater structures by providing a floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device that integrates multiple wave-damping and flow-reducing mechanisms. The device includes an energy-dissipating structure, a water-carrying inverted Π-shaped pontoon, and an inverted triangular perforated plate structure, effectively dissipating energy through various wave-damping and flow-reducing mechanisms. The device can be arranged in single-row, multi-row, or circular structures as needed to better resist wave and current intrusion.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0007] A floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device integrating multiple wave-damping and current-reducing mechanisms includes a floating body and an anchoring system. The floating body has an upper energy-dissipating structure, a middle inverted Π-shaped water-carrying pontoon structure, and a lower inverted triangular perforated plate structure. The energy-dissipating structure, the inverted Π-shaped water-carrying pontoon structure, and the inverted triangular perforated plate structure are rigidly connected from top to bottom. The inverted Π-shaped water-carrying pontoon structure is formed by rigidly connecting the water-carrying pontoon to a widening plate through several ribs. The widening plate is located between the water-carrying pontoon and the lower inverted triangular perforated plate structure. Water injection valves and drainage valves are respectively provided at both ends of the water-carrying pontoon for adding or discharging ballast water. The anchoring system includes cables and a gravity anchor foundation. The floating body is connected to the gravity anchor foundation through double-stretched cables.

[0008] According to the above scheme, the top of the energy-consuming structure is an open plate with multiple openings, through which water falls into the energy-consuming structure; the energy-consuming structure is equipped with multiple energy-consuming plates with multiple openings along the direction of the incident wave.

[0009] According to the above scheme, the opening ratio of the perforated plate is set to 20-25%.

[0010] According to the above scheme, the opening ratio of the energy-consuming plate's injection hole is set to 10% to 13%.

[0011] According to the above scheme, the energy-consuming structure is equipped with two transverse partitions, which divide the energy-consuming structure into three air chambers. The width of the energy-consuming partition is equal to half the width of a single air chamber, and it is arranged in multiple rows at intervals.

[0012] According to the above scheme, the water-carrying pontoon is equipped with two horizontal plates with holes at the bottom (to further enhance structural stability and rigidity).

[0013] According to the above scheme, the water loading rate in the water-carrying pontoon is set to 40% to 65%.

[0014] According to the above scheme, the opening ratio of the water passage holes on the wave-facing side of the inverted triangular perforated plate structure is set to 9% to 11%, and the opening ratio of the water passage holes on the back-wave side of the perforated plate is set to 11% to 13%.

[0015] According to the above scheme, the adjacent floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression devices are connected by the outwardly extending cables and the active shackles.

[0016] According to the above scheme, the plurality of floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression devices are arranged in a single row, multiple rows or a circular structure (arranged according to the wave flow attack direction as needed).

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The upper part is a energy dissipation structure, and the top of the energy dissipation structure is a perforated plate with an opening rate of 20-25%. Water bodies can fall into the energy dissipation structure through the holes of the perforated plate, and the water bodies fall down to generate strong resonance and present large amplitude lifting movement to dissipate wave energy. The energy dissipation structure has an energy dissipation plate with an opening rate of 10-13%. Water bodies pass through the energy dissipation plate to convert into turbulent flow to cause obvious turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and effectively reduce the energy of the water bodies.

[0019] 2. The middle floating water tank can play a role of a box-type breakwater and belongs to a wave reflection type breakwater. The wave dissipation principle is to reflect the incident wave by using a larger wave-approaching surface to reduce wave energy.

[0020] 3. The middle water-carrying floating tank contains ballast water, and the whole can be regarded as a tuned liquid damper structure. The structure can achieve the effect of structural vibration reduction through the lateral force generated by the sloshing of the liquid in the water-carrying floating tank, can reduce the movement of the new floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device, thereby effectively reducing the "self-wave-making" phenomenon of the device, and can also reduce the anchor cable tension.

[0021] 4. By controlling the water-carrying rate of the water-carrying floating tank, the draft depth of the water-carrying floating tank can be adjusted to increase the water-blocking area of the water-carrying floating tank and increase the water inlet depth of the lower inverted triangular perforated plate structure, thereby fully ensuring that the floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device reduces the wave energy in deep water.

[0022] 5. The water-carrying floating tank is provided with widening plates, and the widening plates are reinforced by rib plates to increase the rigidity. The widening plates and the upper water tank form an inverted Π-shaped breakwater, and eddy dissipation can be formed at the end of the widening plates. The widening plates can also increase the relative width of the device to improve the effect of the device on long-period waves.

[0023] 6. The lower part is an inverted triangular perforated plate structure. The perforated plate has friction and crushing effects on waves, can damage the integrity of the waves, and thereby achieve the effect of reducing wave energy. In addition, the perforated plate can disorder the direction of water flow, cause fluid collision to dissipate energy, thereby reducing the flow velocity and playing a flow dissipation role.

[0024] 7. The lower inverted triangular perforated plate structure provides an anchor point for the device, promotes the formation of a double-tension anchor mooring mode, and the double-tension anchor mooring mode can reduce the "self-wave-making" phenomenon of the device, thereby reducing the wave energy behind the device.

[0025] 8. The active lock connection between devices can be arranged in single row, multiple rows or circle structure to better resist wave flow invasion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 Overall schematic view of the floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device according to the present application;

[0027] Figure 2 Sectional view of the floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device according to the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 Principle diagram of the floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device according to the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 Wave transmission coefficient comparison diagram of the device according to the present application and the conventional floating box breakwater physical model test;

[0030] Figure 5 Fluid permeability comparison diagram of the device according to the present application and the conventional floating box breakwater physical model test;

[0031] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the active lock connection according to the present application;

[0032] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the auxiliary ship anchoring according to the present application;

[0033] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the single row protection long strip according to the present application;

[0034] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the multiple row protection long strip according to the present application;

[0035] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the single row protection circle according to the present application;

[0036] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the multiple row protection circle according to the present application;

[0037] In the drawings, 1 is an energy dissipation structure; 2 is a water-carrying floating box; 3 is an inverted triangular porous plate structure; 4 is a widened plate; 5 is a rib plate; 6 is an energy dissipation plate; 7 is a water injection valve; 8 is a water discharge valve; 9 is ballast water; 10 is a cable; 11 is a transverse plate; 12 is a porous plate; 13 is a tuned liquid damper; 14 is a reflected wave; 15 is an incident wave; 16 is a transmitted wave; 17 is a vortex; 18 is an incident flow; 19 is a turbulent flow; 20 is an active release; 21 is an extended cable; 22 is a ship; 23 is an auxiliary ship. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 As shown, the floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device of the present invention, which integrates multiple wave-damping and flow-reducing mechanisms, includes a floating body and an anchoring system. The upper part of the floating body is an energy-dissipating structure 1, the middle part is an inverted Π-shaped water-carrying pontoon structure, and the lower part is an inverted triangular perforated plate structure 3. The inverted Π-shaped water-carrying pontoon structure is formed by rigidly connecting the water-carrying pontoon 2 to a widening plate 4 through several ribs 5. The widening plate 4 is set between the water-carrying pontoon 2 and the lower inverted triangular perforated plate structure 3. The inverted Π-shaped water-carrying pontoon structure can form a vorticity field, which can dissipate wave energy and at the same time disrupt the direction of the incident flow 18, causing it to collide and dissipate energy. The widening plate 4 can also increase the relative width of the device, thereby improving the device's effect on long-period waves. To further enhance its structural stability and rigidity, two horizontal plates with perforations at the bottom are installed inside the water-carrying pontoon 2. The energy-consuming structure 1, the water-carrying pontoon 2, and the lower inverted triangular perforated plate structure 3 are rigidly connected. The mooring system includes a cable 10 and a gravity anchor foundation. The float is connected to the gravity anchor foundation through a double-stretched cable 10. The mooring system adopts a double-stretched gravity mooring method.

[0040] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the top of the energy-dissipating structure 1 is an open plate with an opening ratio of 20-25%. Water can fall into the energy-dissipating structure 1 through the holes in the open plate. The falling water causes strong resonance and exhibits a large-amplitude rise and fall motion, consuming wave energy. Multiple energy-dissipating plates 6 are installed inside the energy-dissipating structure 1. These plates have multiple openings along the direction of the incident wave, with an opening ratio of 10%-13%. Water passing through the open energy-dissipating plates 6 is converted into turbulence, causing significant turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and effectively reducing the energy of the water. Two transverse baffles are installed inside the energy-dissipating structure, dividing it into three air chambers. The width of each energy-dissipating plate is equal to half the width of a single air chamber, and they are arranged in multiple rows at intervals. This design not only increases the turbulent energy dissipation effect of the water but also reduces the impact load to a certain extent, improving the stability of the floating energy dissipation and vibration damping device. The water-carrying float 2 is equipped with a water injection valve 7 and a drainage valve 8 at both ends, which can complete the tasks of water injection and drainage. Figure 2 As shown.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the central water-carrying pontoon 2 and the lower inverted triangular perforated plate structure 3. The water-carrying pontoon 2 contains ballast water 9, with a water load rate set at 40%–65%. When the water-carrying pontoon 2 sways, it can be considered as a tuned liquid damper 13. The principle is that there is a phase difference between the sloshing of the liquid inside the pontoon 2 and the movement of the structure. The lateral force generated by the sloshing liquid can effectively reduce the movement of the floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device, thereby effectively reducing the device's "self-wave generation" phenomenon and simultaneously reducing anchor cable tension. Combined with…Figures 2-3 , the reflected wave 14 reflects the incident wave 15 using the large wave-approaching surface of the upper box to reduce the wave energy. The incident wave 15 passes through the incident holes of the lower porous plate 12, and the wave is sheared and broken by friction, thereby playing a wave-damping role (attenuating the transmitted wave 16). The widened plate 4 and the water-carrying float box 2 form a reversed Π-shaped water-carrying float-type breakwater, and the vortex energy dissipation can be formed at the end of the widened plate. The vortex 17, incident flow 18, and turbulent flow 19 pass through the incident holes of the porous plate 12, and the direction of the turbulent flow is changed so that the water flows collide with each other to reduce the flow velocity and play a flow-damping role.

[0042] Referring to Figures 1-2 , the inverted triangular porous plate structure 3 at the lower part of the float body includes the porous plates 12 on both sides. The results show that the wave energy dissipation caused by the porosity increases first, reaches a maximum value, and then gradually decreases with the increase of the porosity of the plate. By reducing the porosity of the wave-approaching porous plate and increasing the porosity of the wave-backing porous plate, the wave-damping and flow-damping efficiency is improved. The structure with less porosity in the wave-approaching porous plate will more effectively dissipate the wave energy, so the opening rate of the water passing holes of the wave-approaching porous plate is set to 9% to 11%, and the opening rate of the water passing holes of the wave-backing porous plate is set to 11% to 13%.

[0043] In order to verify the energy dissipation and vibration suppression effect of the floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device, a physical model test was carried out in a push-plate type two-dimensional wave and current making water tank in a large hydraulic laboratory of Guangxi University. The test water tank is 30 meters long, 1.5 meters wide, and 1.5 meters high, and the water depth in the tank is 1 meter. According to the existing test conditions, the similarity ratio is 1:50. The size of the floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device of the present application is as follows: the upper energy dissipation structure 1 is 1.46 meters long, 0.6 meters wide, and 0.1 meters high; the middle water-carrying float box 2 structure is 1.46 meters long, 0.6 meters wide, and 0.2 meters high; the widened plate 4 is 1.46 meters long, 0.2 meters wide, and 0.02 meters high; and the lower inverted triangular porous plate structure 3 is 1.46 meters long, 0.6 meters wide, and 0.52 meters high. The size of the traditional float box type breakwater is 1.46 meters long, 0.6 meters wide, and 0.3 meters high. In the test, the model was placed 15 meters away from the wave-making push plate, the flowmeter was 2 meters away from the back wave of the model, 30 cm below the water surface, and the wave height meter was 3 meters away from the back wave of the model. During the experiment, the water inlet and outlet were closed. Regular waves with a period of 4.2~8.4s (test period 0.6~1.2s) were tested; uniform flow with a flow rate of 0.8~1.7m / s (test flow rate 0.12~0.24m / s) was tested, and the test results are shown in Figure 4 、 Figure 5 , and Figure 4The transmission coefficient of the two models under the variable period condition is compared, and the wave transmission coefficient Kt = Ht / Hi is defined, wherein Ht is the wave height after passing through the device, Hi is the incident wave height, the wave transmission coefficient is between 0 and 1, and obviously, the smaller the transmission coefficient is, the better the wave absorbing ability of the device is. Figure 5 The fluid permeability of the two models under the variable flow rate condition is compared, and the fluid permeability λt = Vt / Vi is defined, wherein Vt is the average flow rate of the water flow after passing through the device, Vi is the average flow rate of the incident uniform flow, the fluid permeability is between 0 and 1, and obviously, the lower the fluid permeability is, the better the flow reduction effect of the device is. Figure 4 It can be known that the wave absorbing performance of the device is improved by 82% on average compared with the traditional floating box type breakwater, and the device has a good effect on long period waves. Figure 5 It can be known that the device has a good flow reduction effect, and can reduce the flow by more than 89%, which is 490% higher than the average flow reduction performance of the traditional box type breakwater.

[0044] Referring to Figure 6 It can be known that the floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device is connected by the outer extension cable 21 and the active shackle 20, and the active shackles 20 arranged between adjacent two floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression devices are connected with each other, so that a plurality of floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device units can be connected into one body quickly and conveniently.

[0045] When temporary protection is needed, auxiliary ships 23 and other offshore independent structures can be used for auxiliary anchoring. Figure 7 As shown in the figure.

[0046] When the wind, wave and flow levels of the surrounding waters are relatively low, single arrangement can be adopted to protect the platform to run safely and stably; when the wind, wave and flow levels of the surrounding waters are relatively high, the device can be arranged into single row or multiple rows. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the multiple row protection long strip arrangement is as shown in the figure. Figure 9 The floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device is arranged in multiple levels and staggered, and the staggered length and interval distance between the arc modules can be flexibly arranged according to the geographical environment, climate conditions and size of the in-out ships, so that the new floating energy dissipation device can achieve the energy dissipation and vibration suppression effect under the premise of ensuring the normal in-out of the transport ships. Figure 10 As shown in the figure, the multiple row protection long strip arrangement is as shown in the figure. Figure 11 As shown in the figure.

[0047] The above merely illustrates the embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application, and any equivalent structure, equivalent process transformation, appropriate deletion or addition, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, which are made according to the content of the present application and the drawings, are also included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device integrating multiple wave-damping and current-reducing mechanisms, characterized in that: The system includes a floating body and an anchoring system. The floating body has an upper energy-dissipating structure, a middle inverted Π-shaped water-carrying pontoon structure, and a lower inverted triangular perforated plate structure. These three structures are rigidly connected from top to bottom. The inverted triangular perforated plate structure includes perforated plates on both sides, forming an inverted triangle. The top of the energy-dissipating structure is an open plate with multiple openings through which water falls into the energy-dissipating structure. Multiple energy-dissipating plates are installed inside the energy-dissipating structure, each with multiple openings along the direction of the incident wave. The structure is internally equipped with two transverse partitions, dividing the energy-consuming structure into three air chambers. The width of each energy-consuming partition is half the width of a single air chamber, and they are arranged in multiple rows at intervals. The inverted Π-shaped water-carrying pontoon structure is formed by rigidly connecting the water-carrying pontoon to a widening plate via several ribs. The widening plate is located between the water-carrying pontoon and the lower inverted triangular perforated plate structure. The water-carrying pontoon is equipped with a water injection valve and a water drainage valve at both ends, which are used to add or remove ballast water from the water-carrying pontoon, respectively. The mooring system includes cables and a gravity anchor foundation. The buoy is connected to the gravity anchor foundation via double-stretched cables.

2. The floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device integrating multiple wave-damping and current-reducing mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perforation ratio of the perforated plate is set to 20-25%.

3. A floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device integrating multiple wave-damping and current-reducing mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aperture ratio of the energy-consuming plate's injection hole is set to 10% to 13%.

4. A floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device integrating multiple wave-damping and current-reducing mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water load rate in the water-carrying pontoon is set to 40% to 65%.

5. A floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device integrating multiple wave-damping and current-reducing mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening ratio of the water passage holes on the wave-facing side of the inverted triangular perforated plate structure is set to 9% to 11%, and the opening ratio of the water passage holes on the back-wave side is set to 11% to 13%.

6. A floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device integrating multiple wave-damping and current-reducing mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Adjacent floating energy dissipation and vibration damping devices are connected by extended cables and active shackles.

7. A floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression device integrating multiple wave-damping and current-reducing mechanisms according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple floating energy dissipation and vibration suppression devices are arranged in a single row, multiple rows, or circular structure.

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