A dynamic compaction construction method suitable for mountain roads

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of road construction, and discloses a dynamic compaction construction method suitable for mountain roads. In order to solve the problems of slow slope forming speed in the backfill area during the construction of mountain semi-excavated and semi-filled roads, high construction costs and long construction periods caused by the need to separately organize and compact the slopes in the later stage. The present invention includes: (1) implanting anchor bolts at the bottom of the original slope; (2) constructing anchor seats; (3) pouring vertical beams, capping beams and inclined frame beams; (4) constructing anchor fittings for connecting the anchor cables at the top of the capping beam; (5) excavating the slope of the mountain body; (6) using layered backfill compaction; (7) first compacting the area between the vertical beam and the original slope, and then compacting the area between the vertical beam and the frame beam; (8) locking the anchor cables on the anchor fittings on the capping beam. The present invention facilitates the rapid formation of a slope that conforms to the designed slope angle, has the advantage of fast slope forming speed, and can shorten the construction period and reduce the construction cost at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of road construction, and particularly relates to a dynamic compaction construction method suitable for mountain roads. Background Art

[0002] When constructing roads in mountainous areas, it is often necessary to excavate and backfill the mountain body (i.e., half-digging and half-filling). Currently, the construction steps for half-digging and half-filling are mainly as follows:

[0003] (1) Remove the vegetation on the surface of the slope that needs to be excavated and backfilled;

[0004] (2) Use an excavator to directly excavate the mountain body, and after excavation, use a loader and an excavator to transfer the excavated rock and soil to the area that needs to be backfilled (i.e., the slope below the excavated slope);

[0005] (3) Compact the backfilled area in layers (arrange geogrids at equal intervals during backfilling), and at the same time pre-bury drain pipes at equal intervals during backfilling;

[0006] (4) Lay a steel mesh on the surface of the slope formed by backfilling for slope protection treatment and construct a retaining wall. At the same time, obliquely implant anchor bolts into the backfilled area to reinforce the backfilled area, and use the anchor bolts to reinforce the laid steel mesh.

[0007] Currently, during the compaction process of the roadbed for half-digging and half-filling, the following problems often occur:

[0008] Since mountain roads are generally located on slopes, during the excavation process, the excavated soil is directly transferred to the area that needs to be backfilled. However, when starting to excavate the mountain body, the surface soil is relatively soft and most of the surface soil is soil. Therefore, directly transferring it to the backfilled area will cause the soil at the bottom of the backfilled area to be relatively weak. Although subsequent compaction treatment will be carried out, it is prone to settlement and collapse problems due to the influence of waterlogging immersion after compaction.

[0009] 2. During the process of tamping the backfill soil, due to the poor bearing capacity of the rock and soil body in the backfilled area itself, the bearing capacity of the formed slope is even worse. When tamping the edge of the slope, the soil on the slope will quickly slide down under the impact force, resulting in a slow slope forming speed; the slope formed by sliding under the combined action of the impact force and gravity generally has a different angle from the designed slope. Therefore, after the main body of the backfilled area is compacted, the slope needs to be sorted and compacted, which not only extends the construction period but also increases the construction cost. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The present invention aims to solve the problems of slow slope forming speed in the backfill area during the construction of half-excavated and half-filled roads in mountainous areas, high construction costs caused by the need to separately organize and compact the slope in the later stage, and long construction periods. It provides a dynamic compaction construction method suitable for mountain roads, which changes the forming method of the half-excavated and half-filled roadbed, facilitates the rapid formation of a slope that conforms to the designed slope angle, has the advantage of fast slope forming speed, and can shorten the construction period and reduce the construction cost compared with the prior art.

[0011] To solve the technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0012] A dynamic compaction construction method suitable for mountain roads, characterized by including:

[0013] (1) Level the bottom of the original slope; then use an anchor rod machine to implant anchor rods horizontally into the original slope. One end of the anchor rod extends into the interior of the original slope, and the other end of the anchor rod extends out of the original slope.

[0014] (2) Construct anchor seats at the positions on the ground corresponding to the anchor rods at the bottom of the original slope, anchor the anchor rods extending out of the original slope on the anchor seats, and fixedly connect stay cables to the anchor rods and the anchor seats at the same time.

[0015] (3) Pour vertical beams, crown beams, and inclined frame beams. The vertical beams, crown beams, and frame beams form a retaining wall structure; the number of frame beams corresponds to the number of vertical beams one by one, and the bottoms of the frame beams are connected to each other through ground beams; the frame beams are poured according to the angle of the designed slope of the backfill area. The tops of the vertical beams and the tops of the frame beams are connected into a whole through the crown beam, and the height of the crown beam is adapted to the height of the designed backfill area.

[0016] (4) Construct anchor fittings for locking the stay cables at the positions on the top of the crown beam corresponding to the anchor seats. One end of the stay cable is fixedly connected to the anchor rod and the anchor seat, and the other end of the stay cable passes through the anchor fittings on the crown beam and suspends a heavy object.

[0017] (5) Excavate the slope of the mountain body. First, transfer the soft soil on the surface of the slope to other places, and transfer the harder soil below the soft surface soil to the backfill area for backfilling.

[0018] (6) When backfilling the backfill area with the soil excavated from the slope, adopt the method of layered backfilling and compaction. Among them, during the compaction process using a heavy hammer, when the heavy hammer compacts the soil corresponding to directly below the stay cable, use a rope or a pull rod to traction the stay cable to prevent the stay cable from hindering the impact of the heavy hammer; when the heavy hammer compacts other areas (that is, when the stay cable is not in the falling area of the heavy hammer), the stay cable is in a tensioned state under the action of the heavy object.

[0019] (7) When using a heavy hammer to compact the backfill material layer by layer, first compact the area between the vertical beam and the original slope, and then compact the area between the vertical beam and the frame beam.

[0020] (8) After the backfill area is compacted layer by layer, remove the heavy object suspended on the anchor cable and lock the anchor cable on the anchor on the crown beam to complete the dynamic compaction construction of the mountain road subgrade.

[0021] In some embodiments, a plurality of bearing plates are fixedly connected to the anchor cable. The bearing plates are used to strengthen the acting force between the backfill soils in the backfill area, thereby improving the anti-slip ability of the retaining wall.

[0022] In some embodiments, a tie bar is further connected between the top of the anchor block and the bottom of the vertical beam.

[0023] In some embodiments, drainage channels are provided at the bottom and inside of the backfill area.

[0024] In some embodiments, geogrid and embedded steel bars are arranged at equal intervals inside the backfill area, and the embedded steel bars extend out of the backfill area and are connected to the steel mesh laid on the slope formed by the backfill area.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The dynamic compaction construction method suitable for mountain roads of the present invention first implants anchor bolts at the bottom of the original slope and stabilizes the anchor bolts on the anchor blocks, and then uses anchor cables to connect the anchor bolts and the anchor blocks; at the same time, construct the frame beams (as well as the crown beam, ground beam and tie beam) for the slope protection of the backfill area, connect the anchor cables to the crown beam movably, and then perform layered backfilling and compaction. The present invention can block and intercept the slope soil body in the backfill area through the pre-cast frame beams (as well as the crown beam, ground beam and tie beam), thereby avoiding the unrestricted movement of the soil body under the action of impact force and gravity. On the one hand, it is convenient for rapid shaping and reduces the backfill earthwork volume (as well as the excavation volume); on the other hand, when the backfill area is backfilled and compacted, there is no need to separately process the slope (including slope shaping and construction of slope protection structures). That is to say, the backfill area and the slope (as well as the slope retaining wall (i.e., the frame beam, crown beam, tie beam and ground beam) of the present invention are formed synchronously, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the construction period and construction cost.

[0027] Meanwhile, the construction method of the present invention pre-constructs anchor rods at the bottom of the original slope, locks the anchor rods on the anchor seats, then uses the anchor cables to connect the anchor rods and the anchor seats to each other and uses the anchor cables to transfer the anchoring force to the retaining walls of the slope (i.e., vertical beams, frame beams, crown beams, connecting beams and ground beams), so as to traction the retaining walls of the slope in the backfill area. When the soil pressure is transferred to the retaining wall, the acting force is transferred to the anchor seat and the anchor rod through the anchor cable, and the anchor cable and the anchor seat disperse the acting force to the original slope (i.e., within the soil body of the unexcavated slope) and the ground respectively, thereby improving the stability of the retaining wall. In the prior art, generally, after the backfill area is compacted and the slope is formed, anchor rods are implanted into the soil body and locked. The present invention has the following advantages compared with the method of implanting anchor rods later:

[0028] 1. In the prior art, since the anchor rods need to be implanted into the original slope, the required anchor rod quality is longer and the required anchor holes are longer. However, in the present invention, the anchor rods are directly implanted at the bottom of the original slope, and the designed length of the anchor rods is shorter (without passing through the soil body in the width direction of the backfill area). Therefore, the construction cost of the anchor rods in the present invention is lower and the construction period is shorter.

[0029] 2. The anchor rods of the present invention are implanted at the bottom of the original slope and locked on the anchor seats. The common action of the anchor rods and the anchor seats is used as the system support points. When the anchor cable is stressed, the acting force is respectively transferred to the anchor rods implanted at the bottom of the original slope and the anchor seats cast on the ground. Therefore, the acting force of the anchor cable can be dispersed along two different directions. Under the same conditions, the anti-slip ability provided by the anchor cable of the present invention is stronger than that of the inclined implanted anchor rods in the prior art. The anchor rods in the prior art only rely on the soil bodies of the original slope and the backfill area to provide acting forces, and these two acting forces are both along the same direction. At the same time, the acting forces provided by the original slope and the backfill area are mainly transferred to the original slope. Therefore, the acting force range of the anchor rods mainly depends on the length of the anchor rods implanted into the original slope, that is, mainly depends on the static friction between the original slope and the implanted anchor rods. However, the present invention not only uses the original slope and the anchor seat to provide two acting points in different directions, and the original slope not only provides the acting force in the horizontal direction by using the static friction between the implanted anchor rods, but also the original slope can provide the ability to resist upward slip for the anchor seat, and the anchor seat can also provide the ability to resist upward slip under the action of the self-pressure of the soil body in the backfill area. Therefore, the present invention can provide a greater anti-slip ability for the retaining wall, thereby improving the stability of the backfill area.

[0030] In summary, the structural design of the present invention has a lower construction cost compared with the prior art anchor rods, and at the same time can provide a stronger anti-slip ability to prevent slope slip and collapse. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the road where construction needs to be carried out according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of constructing anchor rods at the bottom of the original slope for the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the present invention when an anchor seat and a retaining wall (i.e., composed of vertical beams, frame beams, ground beams, top beams, and connecting beams) are constructed;

[0034] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of constructing anchor cables and tie bars when the retaining wall reaches the set strength;

[0035] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the present invention when the backfill area is backfilled and compacted in layers, a geogrid is laid, and embedded steel bars are pre-buried;

[0036] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure after the construction of the present invention is completed;

[0037] Markings in the figure: A, excavation area, 1, original slope, 2, backfill area, 3, anchor rod, 4, anchor seat, 5, vertical beam, 6, frame beam, 7, ground beam, 8, top beam, 9, anchor cable, 10, heavy object, 11, tie bar, 12, geogrid, 13, embedded steel bar. Embodiment

[0038] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments. The described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be construed as a limitation to the present invention; the terms "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; in addition, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in combination with specific situations.

[0040] Combined with attached Figure 1 to attached Figure 6, the dynamic compaction construction method suitable for mountain roads of the present invention includes:

[0041] (1) Level the bottom of the original slope 1; then use an anchor rod machine to implant anchor rods 3 horizontally into the original slope 1. One end of the anchor rod extends into the interior of the original slope, and the other end of the anchor rod extends out of the original slope. In the specific implementation process, the anchor rod can be a non-expanded head anchor rod or an expanded head anchor rod, and the anchor rod can be designed according to geological conditions and bearing capacity. The design and construction of the anchor rod are both prior arts, and those skilled in the art can understand and comprehend, so details are not described herein.

[0042] (2) Construct an anchor seat 4 on the ground at the bottom of the original slope 1 corresponding to the position of the anchor rod 3, and anchor the anchor rod 3 extending out of the original slope on the anchor seat 4. At the same time, a cable 9 is fixedly connected to the anchor rod 3 and the anchor seat 4. Among them, the anchor seat 4 is directly constructed on the bottom surface at the bottom of the original slope 1, and the upper end of the anchor seat 4 extends out of the ground.

[0043] (3) Pour vertical beams 5, capping beams 8 and inclined frame beams 6. The vertical beams 5, capping beams 8 and frame beams 6 form a retaining wall structure; the number of frame beams 6 corresponds to the number of vertical beams 5 one by one, and the bottoms of the frame beams 6 are connected to each other through ground beams 7; the frame beams are poured according to the angle of the slope designed for the backfill area 2. The top of the vertical beam 5 and the top of the frame beam 6 are connected as a whole through the capping beam 8, and the height of the capping beam 8 is adapted to the height of the designed backfill area 2. A support system is formed by connecting the vertical beams and the frame beams through the capping beam and the tie beam, which is convenient for maintaining the stability of the structure. Among them, there are at least two frame beams along the length direction of the backfill area, and each inclined frame beam and each vertical beam are connected together through tie beams.

[0044] In the specific implementation process, the steel bars in the vertical beam 5, the steel bars in the frame beam 6 and the steel bars in the capping beam 8 are connected to each other, and the steel bars in the frame beam and the steel bars between the ground beams 7 are connected to each other.

[0045] (4) Construct an anchor for locking the cable 9 at the top of the capping beam 8 corresponding to the position of the anchor seat. One end of the cable 9 is fixedly connected to the anchor rod 3 and the anchor seat 4, and the other end of the cable 9 passes through the anchor on the capping beam 8 and hangs a heavy object 10; the purpose of hanging the heavy object is to make the cable in a tensioned state, and at the same time it is convenient for construction personnel to adjust the position of the cable. Among them, the anchor for locking the cable belongs to the prior art, and those skilled in the art can understand and comprehend, so details are not described herein.

[0046] (5) Excavate the slope of the mountain (that is, the appendix of the present invention Figure 1For the excavation area A shown in [description], first transfer the soft soil on the slope surface to other places, and transfer the harder soil below the soft surface soil to the backfill area for backfilling; that is, backfill the soil that is not used on the surface of the slope (excavation area A). Since the surface soil contains a large amount of humus layer after the corrosion of leaves and tree trunks, the humus layer is not easily compacted and will rebound to a certain extent after being compressed during the compaction process, resulting in poor compaction effect. In the prior art, during the semi-excavation and semi-backfill compaction process, the slope is basically directly excavated, and the surface soil of the slope containing the humus layer is directly transferred to the backfill area for backfilling and is directly backfilled at the bottom of the backfill area. The humus layer itself is not easily compacted, and at the same time, the volume of the humus layer will further shrink during the subsequent corrosion process, resulting in the problem of settlement in the backfill area. The present invention directly transfers the surface soil containing the humus layer to other places and does not use it as backfill material. Compared with the prior art backfill compaction method, it can improve the compaction quality and reduce the settlement amount in the subsequent backfill area.

[0047] (6) When using the soil of the excavation slope to backfill the backfill area 2, adopt the method of layered backfill and compaction. Among them, during the compaction process using a heavy hammer, when the heavy hammer compacts the soil corresponding to directly below the anchor cable 9, use a rope or a tie rod to pull the anchor cable to prevent the anchor cable from hindering the hammering of the heavy hammer; when the heavy hammer compacts other areas (that is, when the anchor cable is not in the falling area of the heavy hammer), the anchor cable 9 is in a tensioned state under the action of the heavy object 10. Among them, when filling the backfill soil into the backfill area, use the suspended heavy object 10 to keep the anchor cable in a tensioned state. In the specific implementation process, in order to prevent the backfill material from damaging the anchor cable, buffer foam can be coated on the outer periphery of the anchor cable.

[0048] (7) When using a heavy hammer to compact the backfill material (i.e., the rock and soil excavated from the excavation area A) in layers, first compact the area between the vertical beam 5 and the original slope 1, and then compact the area between the vertical beam and the frame beam. In other words, when spot compacting, first spot compact the soil between the vertical beam and the original slope, and then spot compact the area between the vertical beam and the frame beam; when performing full compaction, first fully compact the soil between the vertical beam and the original slope, and then fully compact the soil between the vertical beam and the frame beam. Thus, in the process of tamping with a heavy hammer, the soil is enclosed by the action of the frame beam, ground beam and connecting beam, preventing the soil from sliding freely outward due to the impact force and gravity during the tamping process. Compared with the existing technology, it not only reduces the loss of soil on the slope of the backfill area, but also improves the efficiency and quality of tamping. At the same time, the method of pre-casting the frame beam (and ground beam, connecting beam) of the present invention is convenient and easy to construct, compared with the method of casting after the slope is formed in the existing technology. Since the slope of the backfill area has not been backfilled during the casting process of the frame beam, the frame beam (and ground beam, connecting beam) can be in closer contact with the backfill soil, which can improve the stability between the frame beam (and ground beam, connecting beam) and the soil. At the same time, the frame beam (and ground beam, connecting beam) is equivalent to being pre-buried in the backfill soil to protect the frame beam, thereby improving the service life of the frame beam (and ground beam, connecting beam).

[0049] During the tamping process, exposed connecting steel bars are embedded in the frame beams (as well as the ground beams and tie beams). These connecting steel bars are used to connect to the steel mesh or geogrid laid on the slope of the formed backfill area, thus serving as the fulcrum for the steel mesh or geogrid 12. Accordingly, during the tamping process, the connecting steel bars should be shielded and protected to prevent damage.

[0050] (8) After the backfill area is compacted layer by layer, the weight 10 hanging from the anchor cable 9 is removed and the anchor cable 9 is locked to the anchor on the crown beam 8 to complete the dynamic compaction construction of the mountain road subgrade.

[0051] In some embodiments, a plurality of bearing plates are fixedly connected to the anchor cables 9. The bearing plates 9 are used to strengthen the interaction between the backfill soils in the backfill area, thereby improving the anti-slip capability of the retaining wall.

[0052] In some embodiments, a tension bar 11 is further connected between the top of the anchor seat 4 and the bottom of the vertical beam 5. The tension bar 11 is a steel pipe, a wire rope, a PSB fine rolled thread steel, etc. By connecting the tension bar between the top of the anchor seat and the bottom of the vertical beam, the tension bar provides tensile force for the bottom of the vertical beam. When the retaining wall composed of the vertical beam, the frame beam, the crown beam, the ground beam and the tie beam has a tendency to slide outward, the tendency can be overcome by the action between the tension bar and the anchor seat; and since the anchor seat extends a certain height above the ground at the bottom of the original slope, the tension bar is arranged obliquely downward along the direction from the anchor seat to the bottom of the vertical beam. When the tension bar is acted upon by the vertical beam, the acting force is decomposed into a horizontal acting force and a vertically downward acting force. Therefore, the tension bar can also provide a downward acting force for the anchor seat, and this downward acting force can offset part of the upward acting force exerted on the anchor seat by the anchor cable. Thus, the anti-slip ability of the backfill area is further improved. Preferably, the anchor cable and the tension bar are both subjected to anti-corrosion treatment.

[0053] In some embodiments, drainage channels are provided at the bottom and inside of the backfill area 2 for draining accumulated water.

[0054] In some embodiments, geogrids 12 and embedded steel bars 13 are arranged at equal intervals inside the backfill area 2, and the embedded steel bars 12 extend out of the backfill area 2 and are connected to the steel mesh laid on the slope formed by the backfill area 2. In order to further improve the overall strength, hooks are provided on the embedded steel bars and are connected to the geogrids.

[0055] Among them, the structural designs of the geogrids, the embedded steel bars and the drainage channels all belong to the prior art, and those skilled in the art can understand and comprehend them, so they will not be elaborated here.

Claims

1. A dynamic compaction construction method suitable for mountain roads, characterized in that: include: (1) Level the bottom of the original slope; Then, an anchor bolt is implanted into the original slope in a horizontal direction using an anchor bolt machine, with one end of the anchor bolt extending into the interior of the original slope and the other end extending out of the original slope; (2) Construct an anchor seat on the ground at the bottom of the original slope at the position corresponding to the anchor rod, anchor the anchor rod extending out of the original slope to the anchor seat, and fix the connecting anchor cable on the anchor rod and the anchor seat; (3) Casting vertical beams, crown beams and inclined frame beams, which form a retaining wall structure; the number of frame beams corresponds to the number of vertical beams, and the bottoms of the frame beams are connected to each other through ground beams; the frame beams are cast according to the angle of the designed slope of the backfill area, and the tops of the vertical beams and the frame beams are connected to form a whole through the crown beams, and the height of the crown beams is adapted to the height of the designed backfill area; (4) An anchor for locking the anchor cable is constructed at the top of the crown beam at the position corresponding to the anchor seat. One end of the anchor cable is fixedly connected to the anchor rod and the anchor seat, and the other end of the anchor cable passes through the anchor cable on the crown beam and is hung with a weight; (5) When excavating the slope of a mountain, first transfer the soft soil on the slope surface to other places, and then use the harder soil below the soft soil on the surface to transfer it to the backfill area for backfilling; (6) When backfilling the backfill area with the soil from the excavated slope, a layered backfilling and compaction method is used. During the compaction process with a heavy hammer, when the heavy hammer compacts the soil directly below the anchor cable, the anchor cable is pulled by a rope or a pull rod to prevent the anchor cable from obstructing the compaction of the heavy hammer; when the heavy hammer compacts other areas, the anchor cable is in a tensioned state under the action of the weight; (7) When using a heavy hammer to compact the backfill material layer by layer, first compact the area between the vertical beam and the original slope, and then compact the area between the vertical beam and the frame beam; (8) After the backfill area is compacted layer by layer, remove the weight hanging from the anchor cable and lock the anchor cable to the anchor on the crown beam to complete the compaction construction of the mountain road subgrade.

2. The dynamic compaction construction method suitable for mountain roads according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of bearing plates are fixedly connected to the anchor cable.

3. The dynamic compaction construction method suitable for mountain roads according to claim 1, characterized in that: A tie bar is connected between the top of the anchor seat and the bottom of the vertical beam.

4. The dynamic compaction construction method suitable for mountain roads according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Drainage channels are provided at the bottom of the backfill area and inside the backfill area.

5. The dynamic compaction construction method suitable for mountain roads according to claim 4, characterized in that: Geogrids and embedded steel bars are arranged at equal intervals inside the backfill area. The embedded steel bars extend out of the backfill area and are connected to the steel mesh laid on the slope formed by the backfill area.

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