Laser-high-pressure water jet combined drilling tool and method

Abstract

The present invention provides a laser-high-pressure water jet combined drilling tool and method, comprising a drill bit, a connecting rod, a laser system, a primary connecting rod clamping device, a secondary connecting rod clamping device, and a tail connecting rod. The connecting rod comprises several sections, each of which is sleeved together. The drill bit is disposed at the front end of the frontmost connecting rod, the middle of the connecting rod being hollow for accommodating the laser system. The rear outer side of the connecting rod is provided with a primary connecting rod clamping device. The rear of the rearmost connecting rod is connected to the tail connecting rod, and the outer side of the tail connecting rod is provided with a secondary connecting rod clamping device. Several water jets are arranged circumferentially around the drill bit, and the angles of the water jets are adjustable. The laser system is sleeved inside the connecting rod and does not interfere with the inner wall of the connecting rod. Through the ingenious combination and layout of the laser system and the water jet system with a small connecting rod, the present invention can achieve miniaturization of the combined drilling tool and can efficiently and stably construct side holes along a predetermined excavation direction, solving the problems of side hole external insertion angle and over-excavation and under-excavation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation and relates to a laser-high-pressure water jet combined drilling tool and method. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] In tunnel excavation and construction, the drill-and-blast method has always dominated due to its strong adaptability, simple construction organization and management, low reliance on large equipment, and rapid and economical construction. However, in drill-and-blast tunnel construction, the initial support moves forward with the construction face, resulting in a very small distance between the initial support and the face. Furthermore, due to the structure of the drilling rig itself, drilling holes around the face cannot be performed along the tunnel excavation contour line, but rather at an angle with an external interpolation angle. Currently, most drilling rigs use a rear impact hammer method for percussive drilling. When drilling near the excavation contour line, the impact force cannot be precisely controlled, causing the end of the inclined drilling section to fall exactly on the tunnel excavation contour line. This can cause over-excavation or under-excavation of the tunnel side holes, necessitating secondary construction in later processing. This not only reduces construction efficiency and increases construction costs, but also affects construction quality and creates safety hazards.

[0004] Currently, there are still some difficulties in eliminating the external drilling angle and controlling the amount of overbreak and underbreak during blasthole construction around the tunnel face using the blasting method:

[0005] Existing blasthole drilling equipment relies solely on mechanical drilling, which requires a large driving force, making it bulky and complex in structure, making it difficult to place between the tunnel lining and the tunnel face. Furthermore, when drilling with a handheld pneumatic drill, the human factor is greatly affected, making it impossible to drill in the intended direction, resulting in large deviations in the external insertion angle of the surrounding blastholes.

[0006] The existing mechanical drilling method has poor drilling stability when drilling close to the excavation contour line, and the drilling amount cannot be accurately controlled, which easily causes over-excavation or under-excavation.

[0007] In summary, in order to solve the problem of over-excavation and under-excavation during the construction of side holes on the tunnel face, it is necessary to solve the following problems: the blasthole drilling equipment is small and convenient, can be placed between the tunnel lining and the face, drill holes in the predetermined direction, and can be fast, efficient, accurate and stable during the drilling process. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a laser-high-pressure water jet combined drilling tool and method. The present invention utilizes the characteristics of laser and high-pressure water jet being small, convenient, efficient and stable. Through the ingenious combination and layout of the laser system and the water jet system with a small connecting rod, the combined drilling tool can be miniaturized, and side holes can be constructed efficiently and stably along the predetermined excavation direction, solving the problems of side hole external insertion angle and over-excavation and under-excavation.

[0009] According to some embodiments, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] A laser-high-pressure water jet combined drilling tool includes a drill bit, a connecting rod, a laser system, a first-stage connecting rod clamping device, a second-stage connecting rod clamping device, and a tail connecting rod, wherein:

[0011] The connecting rod comprises a plurality of sections, each section of the connecting rod being sleeved;

[0012] The drill bit is arranged at the front end of the frontmost connecting rod. The middle of the connecting rod is hollow and is used to accommodate the laser system. A primary connecting rod clamping device is arranged on the outer side of the rear portion of the connecting rod. The rear of the rearmost connecting rod is connected to the tail connecting rod, and a secondary connecting rod clamping device is arranged on the outer side of the tail connecting rod.

[0013] The drill bit is provided with a plurality of water jets in an circumferential direction, and the angles of the water jets are adjustable;

[0014] The laser system is sleeved inside the connecting rod and does not interfere with the inner wall of the connecting rod.

[0015] As an optional embodiment, the rear end of the drill bit is connected to the front end connecting rod, and a through hole is provided in the middle.

[0016] As an optional embodiment, the drill bit can rotate and drive the water jet to rotate to form circular water jet cutting surfaces with different diameters.

[0017] As an optional embodiment, a protective device is provided at the nozzle of the water jet.

[0018] As an optional embodiment, the water jet is connected to a water supply mechanism via a connecting pipe, and the water supply pressure of the water supply mechanism is adjustable.

[0019] As an optional embodiment, adjacent connecting rods are connected by threads, and locking members are provided between adjacent connecting rods.

[0020] As an optional embodiment, the secondary connecting rod clamping device can move forward and backward and can rotate along the central axis.

[0021] The primary connecting rod clamping device can perform a clamping action.

[0022] As an optional implementation manner, the primary connecting rod clamping device and the secondary connecting rod clamping device are connected to a power device to provide power for the primary connecting rod clamping device and the secondary connecting rod clamping device.

[0023] As an optional embodiment, the laser system includes a laser head, a laser optical fiber, a spherical rotary joint, a laser head fixing tube, a fixing tube clamping device, and a laser. The laser head fixing tube has a diameter smaller than the minimum diameter of the connecting rod and is sleeved within the connecting rod. The front end of the spherical rotary joint is connected to the laser head and the rear end is connected to the laser head fixing tube. The tail end of the laser head fixing tube is connected to the fixing tube clamping device. The spherical rotary joint is rotatable, and the laser head is connected to the laser via the laser optical fiber.

[0024] As a further feature, the fixed pipe clamping device is connected to a power device.

[0025] The working method based on the above drilling tool includes the following steps:

[0026] The secondary connecting rod clamping device holds the tail connecting rod tightly, driving the connecting rod, and then driving the drill bit to rotate and advance. Several water jets at different angles on the drill bit rotate to cut the rock in front, forming circular water jet cuts of different diameters, and then forming a crack network in the rock, weakening the rock in front;

[0027] The laser head, adjusted by the spherical rotary joint, irradiates the rock mass weakened by the water jet in front in a circular direction. The rock mass is broken into rock fragments by the combined action of the water jet and the laser head. The rock fragments are then flushed by the water jet emitted by the water jet and discharged along the slag discharge channel formed between the borehole wall and the connecting rod, completing the combined drilling construction.

[0028] Furthermore, during the drilling process, when multi-stage connecting rod connection is required, when the first connecting rod advances to the specified position, the first-level connecting rod clamping device clamps the first connecting rod, the second-level connecting rod clamping device reverses and returns to the initial position, and the tail connecting rod is disassembled and separated from the first connecting rod; the second connecting rod is spliced ​​and placed between the first connecting rod and the tail connecting rod, the second-level connecting rod clamping device rotates and advances, driving the tail connecting rod to connect with the tail end of the second connecting rod, and connecting the front end of the second connecting rod to the tail end of the first connecting rod, and repeating the above process until the connecting rod requirements are met.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] The water jet and laser head device in the combined drilling tool of the present invention is small in size, highly adaptable, and easy to install and operate, which greatly reduces the overall size of the drilling device. It can be arranged within the limited space of the tunnel lining and the face, and side hole construction can be carried out along the predetermined drilling direction, eliminating the influence of the external insertion angle.

[0031] The present invention uses the combined action of high-pressure water jet rotary cutting and laser annular irradiation to accurately break the rock in front of the drill bit. The water jet and laser rock crushing process is relatively stable, allowing the small combined drilling tool to drill stably and efficiently in the predetermined direction without over-excavation or under-excavation.

[0032] The combined drilling tool of the present invention mainly drills holes through the action of high-pressure water jet and laser. The connecting rod only plays a supporting and connecting role and does not bear the rock-breaking reaction force of the mechanical drilling tool. Therefore, the requirements for the driving device are relatively low and the size can be short. The connecting rod is spliced ​​by two semicircular small rods, and continuous connection of rods can be achieved under the condition that there is a laser system inside.

[0033] The rock debris broken by the combined drilling tool is discharged along the slag discharge channel between the connecting rod and the borehole wall under the flushing action of the high-pressure water jet emitted by its own water jet, and efficient drilling and slag discharge can be achieved without adding special slag discharge media and slag discharge channels.

[0034] The invention solves the practical key problem of side hole construction of blastholes by the drill and blast method, and provides a practical solution for eliminating the external insertion angle when drilling blastholes around the tunnel face by the drill and blast method and solving the problems of over-excavation and under-excavation.

[0035] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0037] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of at least one embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 is a front view of a drill bit structure according to at least one embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a connecting rod structure according to at least one embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a drilling tool in a tunnel according to at least one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Among them, 1. drill bit, 2. connecting rod, 3. laser system, 4. first-level connecting rod clamping device, 5. second-level connecting rod clamping device, 6. tail connecting rod, 7. borehole wall, 8. lining, 9. tunnel face, 10. supporting facilities.

[0042] 11. Drill body, 12. Water jet, 13. Laser hole.

[0043] 31. Laser head, 32. Laser fiber, 33. Spherical rotary joint, 34. Laser head fixing tube, 35. Fixing tube clamping device, 36. Laser.

[0044] 101. Water tank and water pump, 102. Power and fixing devices. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0046] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0047] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0048] The present invention provides a laser-high pressure water jet combined drilling tool, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes a drill bit 1, a connecting rod 2, a laser system 3, a primary connecting rod clamping device 4, a secondary connecting rod clamping device 5 and a tail connecting rod 6.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, the drill bit 1 comprises a drill body 11, water jets 12, and a laser aperture 13. The rear end of the drill body 11 is connected to the connecting rod 2. Several water jets 12 are arranged circumferentially around the edge of the drill body 11, at varying angles of incidence to the borehole wall 7. The water jets 12 emit high-pressure water jets to cut the rock. Rotation of the drill body 11 drives the water jets 12 to rotate and cut the rock in front of the drill bit 1, forming circular water jet slits of varying diameters. This, in turn, creates a network of fractures in the rock, weakening the rock in front. A circular laser aperture 13 is provided in the center of the drill body 11 for emitting a laser beam.

[0050] In some embodiments, the water jet 12 may be arranged at a fixed angle.

[0051] Of course, in some embodiments, the angle of the water jet can be adjusted. For example, blocks with varying inclination angles can be placed beneath the water jet to change its angle, or the water jet nozzle can be positioned on the surface of the drill bit body 11 via an angle-adjustable mechanism. These mechanisms can all be optimized from existing equipment and will not be further described here.

[0052] In some embodiments, the water nozzles of the water jet 12 are provided with protective devices to prevent damage such as impact from broken rocks and friction from rock cuttings during drilling.

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, the front end of the connecting rod 2 is connected to the drill bit 1, and the rear end is connected to the primary connecting rod clamping device 4; a secondary connecting rod clamping device 5 and a tail connecting rod 6 are arranged at the tail end of the combined drilling tool, and the secondary connecting rod clamping device 5 plays the role of holding and driving the tail connecting rod 6 to rotate and propel.

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, the connecting rod 2 is formed by splicing two semicircular rods.

[0055] In other embodiments, other connecting rods with smaller diameters (with the same structure as the connecting rod 2) can be installed between the first connecting rod 2 and the tail connecting rod 6, which can solve the problem of difficulty in connecting the rods when the laser system 3 is inside the connecting rod 2 during drilling.

[0056] The connecting rod 2 and the tail connecting rod 6 are threadedly connected.

[0057] In some embodiments, the position of the secondary connecting rod clamping device 5 can be moved along the axial direction, and the secondary connecting rod clamping device 5 can rotate around the axis of the connecting rod.

[0058] The first-stage connecting rod clamping device 4 is only used to clamp and release the connecting rod when connecting the rod, and does not rotate. A mechanical arm or a clamper can be used.

[0059] The secondary connecting rod clamping device can use the existing structure, such as the power head on the drilling rig, which drives the tail connecting rod to rotate with the cooperation of the hydraulic motor + gear box + reducer; for its axial movement, it can be driven by the motor + slide rail.

[0060] The secondary connecting rod clamping device 5 only needs to provide power to rotate and advance the connecting rod, and the driving force requirement is not high. Therefore, the secondary connecting rod clamping device 5 can adopt a miniaturized design. For example, it only needs a small motor to realize the rotation of the connecting rod and a small cylinder to realize the propulsion of the connecting rod.

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, laser system 3 includes a laser head 31, a laser fiber 32, a spherical rotary joint 33, a laser head fixing tube 34, a fixing tube clamping device 35, and a laser 36. The laser system 3 is entirely placed inside connecting rod 2. The laser system 3 and connecting rod 2 form an internal and external rod structure, eliminating the problem of dynamic and static separation between connecting rod 2 and laser fiber 32. The front end of the spherical rotary joint 33 is connected to the laser head 31, and the rear end is connected to the laser head fixing tube 34. The tail end of the laser head fixing tube 34 is connected to the fixing tube clamping device 35.

[0062] The fixed tube holding device 35 is directly fixed to the rear end of the combined drilling tool and is used to clamp and fix the laser head fixed tube 34.

[0063] The diameter of the laser head fixing tube 34 is smaller than the connecting rod with the smallest diameter.

[0064] The laser beam is generated by laser 36 and transmitted through laser fiber 32 to laser head 31. Laser head 31 then emits the laser beam through laser hole 13 in drill bit 1 and irradiates the rock ahead. The laser head 31 can adjust the laser beam's angle of emission, or even swivel it in a circular motion, breaking up rock weakened by the water jet.

[0065] In some embodiments, the form of the laser beam emitted by the laser head 31 is adjustable. When the emitted beam is a parallel beam, the laser head 31 can be fixed to the fixed tube clamping device 35 at the rear end via the laser head fixing tube 34 and does not move forward with the drill bit 1.

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, under the combined destructive action of the high-pressure water jet emitted by the water jet 12 cutting and weakening the rock and the high-energy laser beam emitted by the laser head 31 irradiating, the rock in front of the drill bit 1 is completely destroyed, and the generated rock fragments and debris are discharged along the slag discharge channel between the borehole wall 7 and the connecting rod 2 under the flushing action of the high-pressure water jet of the water jet 12 to form a borehole, and efficient drilling and slag discharge can be achieved without adding special slag discharge media and slag discharge pipes.

[0067] like Figure 4 As shown, the combined drilling tool is compact and simple in structure. It is placed between the tunnel lining 8 and the tunnel face 9 to drill holes in a predetermined direction. The laser 36 and supporting equipment 10 are located outside the tunnel lining 8. Laser 36, the laser generator of the laser system 3, is connected to the combined drilling tool via a laser fiber. A water tank and water pump 101 provide the water source and water pressure for the water jet. The power and fixing device 102 is connected to the primary connecting rod clamping device 4 and the secondary connecting rod clamping device 5 in the combined drilling tool, providing a fixed support and driving force for the combined drilling tool.

[0068] During the drilling process of the combined drilling tool, the secondary connecting rod clamping device 5 holds the tail connecting rod 6 tightly, driving the connecting rod 2 and the drill bit 1 to rotate and advance. Several water jets 12 at different angles on the drill bit 1 rotate to cut the rock mass in front, forming circular water jet cuts of different diameters, and then forming a crack network on the rock, weakening the rock mass in front; at the same time, the laser head 31, under the adjustment of the spherical rotating joint 33, circumferentially illuminates the rock mass in front weakened by the water jet. The rock mass is broken into rock fragments under the joint action of the water jet 12 and the laser head 31; these rock fragments are discharged along the slag discharge channel between the borehole wall 7 and the connecting rod 2 under the flushing action of the water jet emitted by the water jet 12, and finally the drilling construction is completed.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] The difference from the first embodiment is that a connecting rod is required, that is, there are multiple connecting rods.

[0071] In this embodiment, matching connecting threads and locking rings are provided at both ends of the connecting rod 2. Adjacent connecting rods are connected by the connecting threads, and the relative positions of the two adjacent connecting rods are fixed by the locking ring.

[0072] The specific rod connection steps are as follows: when the first connecting rod advances to the specified position, the first-level connecting rod clamping device 4 clamps the first connecting rod, the second-level connecting rod clamping device 5 reverses and returns to the initial position, and the tail connecting rod 6 is disassembled and separated from the first connecting rod; the second connecting rod is spliced ​​and placed between the first connecting rod and the tail connecting rod 6, the second-level connecting rod clamping device 5 rotates and advances, driving the tail connecting rod to connect with the tail end of the second connecting rod, and connecting the front end of the second connecting rod to the tail end of the first connecting rod for blasthole drilling; the third connecting rod is connected in the same way as described above.

[0073] Although the above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention without any creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser-high-pressure water jet combined drilling tool, characterized in that: It includes a drill bit, a connecting rod, a laser system, a first-stage connecting rod clamping device, a second-stage connecting rod clamping device and a tail connecting rod, wherein: The connecting rod comprises a plurality of sections, each section of the connecting rod is sleeved; the connecting rod is formed by splicing two semicircular rods; The drill bit is arranged at the front end of the frontmost connecting rod. The middle of the connecting rod is hollow and is used to accommodate the laser system. A primary connecting rod clamping device is arranged on the outer side of the rear portion of the connecting rod. The rear of the rearmost connecting rod is connected to the tail connecting rod, and a secondary connecting rod clamping device is arranged on the outer side of the tail connecting rod. The drill bit is provided with a plurality of water jets in an circumferential direction, and the angles of the water jets are adjustable; The laser system is sleeved inside the connecting rod and does not interfere with the inner wall of the connecting rod; The laser system includes a laser head, a laser optical fiber, a spherical rotary joint, a laser head fixing tube, a fixing tube clamping device, and a laser; the diameter of the laser head fixing tube is smaller than the minimum diameter of the connecting rod and is sleeved inside the connecting rod; the front end of the spherical rotary joint is connected to the laser head, the rear end is connected to the laser head fixing tube, the tail end of the laser head fixing tube is connected to the fixing tube clamping device, the spherical rotary joint is rotatable, and the laser head is connected to the laser via the laser optical fiber; The secondary connecting rod clamping device holds the tail connecting rod tightly, driving the connecting rod, and then driving the drill bit to rotate and advance. Several water jets at different angles on the drill bit rotate to cut the rock in front, forming circular water jet cuts of different diameters, and then forming a crack network in the rock, weakening the rock in front; The laser head, adjusted by the spherical rotary joint, irradiates the rock mass weakened by the water jet in front in a circular direction. The rock mass is broken into rock fragments by the combined action of the water jet and the laser head. The rock fragments are then flushed by the water jet emitted by the water jet and discharged along the slag discharge channel formed between the borehole wall and the connecting rod, completing the combined drilling construction.

2. The laser-high-pressure water jet combined drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end of the drill bit is connected to the connecting rod at the front end, and a through hole is provided in the middle.

3. The laser-high-pressure water jet combined drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill bit is rotatable and drives the water jet to rotate, thereby forming circular water jet cutting surfaces with different diameters.

4. The laser-high-pressure water jet combined drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protective device is provided at the nozzle of the water jet.

5. A laser-high-pressure water jet combined drilling tool as claimed in claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The water jet is connected to a water supply mechanism via a connecting pipeline, and the water supply pressure of the water supply mechanism is adjustable.

6. The laser-high-pressure water jet combined drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: Adjacent connecting rods are connected by threads, and locking pieces are provided between adjacent connecting rods.

7. The laser-high-pressure water jet combined drilling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary connecting rod clamping device can move forward and backward and rotate along the central axis; Alternatively, the primary connecting rod clamping device and the secondary connecting rod clamping device are connected to a power device to provide power for the primary connecting rod clamping device and the secondary connecting rod clamping device.

8. A working method for a drilling tool according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: During the drilling process, when multi-stage connecting rod connection is required, when the first connecting rod advances to the specified position, the first-level connecting rod clamping device clamps the first connecting rod, the second-level connecting rod clamping device reverses and returns to the initial position, and the tail connecting rod is disassembled and separated from the first connecting rod; the second connecting rod is spliced ​​and placed between the first connecting rod and the tail connecting rod, the second-level connecting rod clamping device rotates and advances, driving the tail connecting rod to connect with the tail end of the second connecting rod, and connecting the front end of the second connecting rod to the tail end of the first connecting rod, and repeating the above process until the connecting rod requirements are met.

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