Light gradient anti-dazzle tunnel portal

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of tunnel natural lighting, in particular to a light gradual change anti-dazzle tunnel portal, comprising an extended arch set at the tunnel portal; a plurality of light transmission holes are formed on the extended arch, the size, shape and number of the light transmission holes are set according to the tunnel cross-sectional area size and the tunnel wall area proportion, the area and number of the light transmission holes are arranged gradually from less to more in the tunnel exit direction and gradually from more to less in the tunnel entrance direction. The present application sets a simple structure to solve the white hole and black hole phenomenon caused by the light difference between the inside and outside of the transition tunnel, reduces the accident risk caused by the temporary blinding effect of the vehicle driver when entering or leaving the tunnel, achieves the purpose of preventing the tunnel portal from dazzling, and does not increase the energy consumption of the tunnel lighting, and the extended arch can also prevent the rock falling from the mountain at the tunnel portal from causing personnel injury and property loss of vehicles and road surfaces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel lighting equipment, and more specifically to a gradient light anti-glare tunnel portal. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the transportation industry, tunnels have become a crucial link in shortening road distances across regions. Examples include railway and highway tunnels traversing mountains, and underwater tunnels crossing rivers, lakes, and oceans, spurring the rapid development of tunnel transportation. However, due to their unique lighting characteristics, tunnels have a higher probability of major accidents compared to other road sections. The main causes of tunnel accidents include glare. Glare is formed due to extremely high brightness contrast in the field of vision, reducing visual function or causing eye discomfort. Glare in the tunnel environment can originate from oncoming vehicle headlights, tunnel lighting devices, and high-brightness external light at the tunnel exit. Glare reduces people's ability to identify obstacles, endangering driving safety.

[0003] To address the glare problem in tunnels, patent document CN113585111A discloses a tunnel exit anti-glare visual guidance system, comprising a planar membrane shell, linear suspension cables, an annular gantry, and linear, annular, and dot-shaped self-illuminating visual guidance facilities. The linear suspension cables bear the system's weight, have a small cross-section, significantly reducing the zebra effect in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the road surface, and follow the visual guidance of the road belt and tunnel lights, thus mitigating road glare, providing directional guidance, and facilitating spatial transition. The membrane shell below the belt has low light transmittance and a gradually decreasing reflectivity, mitigating lateral glare. The membrane shell above the belt has low reflectivity and a gradually increasing light transmittance, mitigating top glare and facilitating brightness transition. The gantry and the contour strip work together to guide vehicle distance. The self-illuminating visual guidance facilities are attached to the suspension cables, gantry, and tunnel structure, providing all-weather speed and directional guidance.

[0004] The existing anti-glare system at the tunnel exit is complex in its overall structure, complicated in its construction process, and has high construction and subsequent maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a light gradient anti-glare tunnel entrance to solve the problems of complex overall structure and construction of existing anti-glare systems.

[0006] The light gradient anti-glare tunnel portal in this solution includes an extended arch wall installed at the tunnel entrance;

[0007] The extended arch wall is provided with multiple light-transmitting holes. The size, shape and number of the light-transmitting holes are set according to the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel wall to the outward extension length of the tunnel. The light-transmitting holes are arranged in a progressive manner from more to less in the direction of the tunnel entrance, and in a progressive manner from fewer to more in the direction of the tunnel exit. The arrangement length of the light-transmitting holes is set according to the tunnel extension length along the tunnel axis.

[0008] The beneficial effects of this plan are:

[0009] By setting up an extended arch at the tunnel entrance and opening multiple light-transmitting holes in it, the size, shape, and number of these holes are determined according to the ratio of the tunnel wall cross-sectional area to the tunnel's outward extension length. This allows for more precise placement and arrangement of the light-transmitting holes on the extended arch, guiding natural light to gradually brighten or dim. In situations where the outside natural light is bright, it can block some light and guide some light to shine through. With a simple structural design, it transitions between the light differences inside and outside the tunnel, achieving the purpose of preventing glare at the tunnel entrance without increasing the energy consumption of tunnel lighting. At the same time, the extended arch can also prevent rocks and soil from falling onto the roadway at the tunnel entrance, improving driving safety at the tunnel exit.

[0010] Furthermore, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel wall is set according to the outward extension length of the tunnel entrance: starting at 5% every two meters, increasing by 5% increments until it reaches 80%.

[0011] The beneficial effect is that by setting the proportion of the size, shape and number of light-transmitting holes, it is possible to gradually adapt the human eye to different ambient brightness for tunnel brightness changes of different cross-sectional areas, thereby improving the anti-glare effect.

[0012] Furthermore, when the extension length of the tunnel entrance arch is less than 15m, the light-transmitting holes are arranged in the tunnel axial direction with a first axial spacing and in the tunnel radial direction with a first radial spacing.

[0013] The beneficial effect is that when the length of the extended arch is relatively small, the light transmitted through the arrangement of the light-transmitting holes is limited because the vehicle travels for a shorter time in the tunnel, and not too much light will be transmitted, causing glare.

[0014] Furthermore, when the extension length of the tunnel entrance arch is greater than 15m and less than 35m, the light-transmitting holes are arranged in the tunnel axial direction with a second axial spacing and in the tunnel radial direction with a second radial spacing. The second axial spacing is greater than the first axial spacing, and the second radial spacing is less than the first radial spacing.

[0015] The beneficial effect is that when the length of the extended arch is large, it takes a certain amount of time for vehicles to travel inside the tunnel, and the adaptation after exiting the tunnel is even worse. By arranging the light-transmitting holes more compactly in the radial direction of the tunnel, light can be guided from the top of the extended arch, enabling a gradual adaptation to the environment.

[0016] Furthermore, when the extension length of the tunnel entrance arch is greater than 35m, the light-transmitting holes are arranged in the tunnel axial direction with a third axial spacing and in the tunnel radial direction with a third radial spacing. The third axial spacing is less than the first axial spacing, and the third radial spacing is greater than the first radial spacing.

[0017] The beneficial effects are: when the length of the extended arch is very large, vehicles need to travel for a long time inside the tunnel, and the glare problem is more serious when exiting the tunnel. At this time, the light-transmitting holes are arranged compactly in the tunnel axis and wider in the radial direction, which allows the light to be quickly and evenly dispersed when it is introduced, resulting in a faster transition and improved anti-glare effect.

[0018] Furthermore, the extended arch wall is set within a preset length according to the size of the tunnel cross-section, and the preset length is adjusted within 2-50m. The shape of the light-transmitting hole is circular, square, or triangular.

[0019] The beneficial effect is that by setting the extension length within a preset length, excessive costs are avoided.

[0020] Furthermore, the extended arch is constructed of concrete and steel reinforcement, with the light-transmitting holes pre-formed by steel reinforcement before the arch is poured.

[0021] The beneficial effects are: the arch walls are made of concrete, which can resist the force of falling soil and rocks from the mountain, prevent damage to the arch walls themselves, and prevent vehicles and road surfaces from being hit. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the optically gradient anti-glare tunnel entrance of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following detailed description provides further details on specific implementation methods.

[0024] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: extended arch 1, light-transmitting hole 2.

[0025] Example

[0026] Gradient light anti-glare tunnel entrance, such as Figure 1As shown: This includes an extended arch 1 set at the tunnel entrance. The extended arch 1 is constructed of concrete and reinforced steel. The light-transmitting holes 2 are pre-formed by reinforcing steel before the extended arch 1 is poured to ensure the stability of the arch and its strength against falling rocks. The radius of the extended arch 1 is set according to the actual tunnel. The extended arch 1 is set within a preset length according to the size of the tunnel cross-section, with a preset length of 2-50m. For example, if the tunnel cross-section is 60 square meters, the extension length is set to 10m. The arch shape of the extended arch 1 is set according to the tunnel cross-section to avoid excessive construction costs.

[0027] Multiple light-transmitting holes 2 are provided on the extended arch wall 1. The size, shape and number of the light-transmitting holes 2 are set according to the proportion of the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel wall extending outward. The light-transmitting holes 2 are arranged in a progressive manner from few to many in the direction of the tunnel exit. For example, the number of light-transmitting holes 2 in the first row, the second row, the third row, ..., the nth row is 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., n. In this embodiment, 9 rows are used as an example, that is, the number of light-transmitting holes 2 gradually increases from 1 in the first row to 9 in the ninth row.

[0028] The cross-sectional area ratio of the tunnel wall is set according to the outward extension length of the tunnel: starting with 5%, increasing by 5% increments until reaching 80%. The shape of the light-transmitting hole 2 can be circular, square, or triangular. For example, if it is more advantageous to open a square light-transmitting hole 2 in the tunnel arch formed by the cross-sectional area ratio of the tunnel wall, then the light-transmitting hole 2 is a square hole. If it is more advantageous to open a circular light-transmitting hole 2 in the tunnel formed by the cross-sectional area ratio of the tunnel wall, then the light-transmitting hole 2 is a circular hole. The dimensions of the light-transmitting hole 2 include the side length or diameter, which are specifically set according to the shape of the light-transmitting hole 2.

[0029] The size, shape, and number of light-transmitting holes 2 are set according to the proportion of the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel wall. That is, when the extension length of the tunnel entrance arch 1 is greater than 2m and less than 4m, the proportion of light-transmitting holes 2 to the total area of ​​the extension arch 1 is 5%. For example, if the total area of ​​the extension arch 1 is 100 square meters, the proportion of light-transmitting holes 2 is 5 square meters. Ten light-transmitting holes 2 can be set in a progressive manner, each with an area of ​​0.5 square meters, and the shape is set accordingly. When the extension length of the tunnel entrance arch 1 is greater than 4m and less than 6m, and the tunnel length is greater than 4m, the proportion of light-transmitting holes 2 to the total area of ​​the extension arch 1 is 10%. When the extension length of the tunnel entrance arch 1 is greater than the tunnel length and greater than 6m, the proportion of light-transmitting holes 2 to the total area of ​​the extension arch 1 is 15%, and so on, according to actual needs.

[0030] In the tunnel arch 1, the area of ​​the opening is 5% of the total area. 5% of the external light passing through these openings results in an illuminance of 5% of the external brightness on the ground. In the tunnel arch 1, the opening area is 10% of the total area. The illuminance is 10% of the external brightness. In the tunnel arch 15% of the total area, the illuminance is 15% of the external brightness, and so on. The proportion of the opening area is gradually increased, and the area of ​​the light-transmitting openings 2 in the tunnel radial direction increases by 5% each time, until the opening area reaches 80% of the total area of ​​the arch. This arrangement allows light to be guided from the extended arch 1 in multiple directions, achieving a gradual adaptation to the environment. At this point, the light-transmitting openings 2 are arranged in multiple directions along the tunnel axis and in a wider radial position, allowing the light to be quickly and evenly dispersed when introduced, resulting in a faster transition and improved anti-glare effect.

[0031] When the extension length of the tunnel entrance arch 1 is less than 15m, the light-transmitting holes 2 are arranged in the tunnel axis with a first axial spacing and in the tunnel radial spacing with a first radial spacing. The first axial spacing and the first radial spacing are set according to actual needs, for example, the first axial spacing is 0.3m and the first radial spacing is 0.4m.

[0032] When the extension length of the tunnel entrance arch 1 is greater than 15m and less than 35m, the light-transmitting holes 2 are arranged in the tunnel axis with a second axial spacing and in the tunnel radial spacing with a second radial spacing. The second axial spacing is greater than the first axial spacing and the second radial spacing is less than the first radial spacing. The second axial spacing and the second radial spacing are set according to actual needs. For example, the second axial spacing is 0.4m and the second radial spacing is 0.2m.

[0033] When the extension length of the tunnel entrance arch 1 is greater than 35m, the light-transmitting holes 2 are arranged in the tunnel axis with a third axial spacing and in the tunnel radial spacing with a third radial spacing. The third axial spacing is less than the first axial spacing and the third radial spacing is greater than the first radial spacing. The third axial spacing and the third radial spacing are set according to actual needs. For example, the third axial spacing is 0.2m and the third radial spacing is 0.3m.

[0034] In this embodiment, the axial spacing and radial spacing are the distance between the edges of the two light-transmitting holes.

[0035] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0036] An extended arch 1, constructed with reinforced concrete and identical to the tunnel structure, is installed at the tunnel entrance. This prevents landslides from falling onto vehicles traveling at the tunnel entrance and provides resistance to falling rocks. Furthermore, the extended arch 1, with multiple light-transmitting holes 2, is designed with the size, shape, and number of holes proportional to the cross-sectional area of ​​the tunnel wall and arranged accordingly. This guides natural light to gradually increase its brightness. In bright natural light conditions, it blocks some light while guiding some of it through. This simple structural design effectively bridges the light difference between the inside and outside of the tunnel, preventing glare at the tunnel entrance without increasing energy consumption for tunnel lighting. Additionally, the extended arch 1 prevents rocks from falling from the mountainside at the tunnel entrance, improving driving safety within the tunnel.

[0037] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge regarding specific structures and characteristics is not elaborated upon here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. These modifications and improvements will not affect the effectiveness of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A gradient light-resistant anti-glare tunnel portal, comprising an extended arch wall disposed at the tunnel entrance; characterized in that: The extended arch wall is provided with multiple light-transmitting holes. The size, shape and number of the light-transmitting holes are set according to the ratio of the tunnel wall cross-sectional area to the tunnel extension length. The light-transmitting holes are arranged in a progressive manner from few to many in the direction of tunnel exit, and in a progressive manner from many to few in the direction of tunnel entrance. The arrangement length of the light-transmitting holes is set according to the tunnel extension length in the tunnel axis. The extended arch is constructed of concrete and steel reinforcement. The light-transmitting holes are pre-formed with steel reinforcement before the extended arch is poured. The cross-sectional area ratio of the arch is set according to the outward extension length from the tunnel entrance: starting at 5% every two meters, increasing by 5% increments until it reaches 80%. When the extension length of the tunnel entrance arch is less than 15m, the light-transmitting holes are arranged with a first axial spacing along the tunnel axis and a first radial spacing along the tunnel radially. When the extension length of the tunnel entrance arch is greater than 15m and less than 35m, the light-transmitting holes are arranged with a second axial spacing along the tunnel axis and a second radial spacing along the tunnel radially, where the second axial spacing is greater than the first axial spacing and the second radial spacing is less than the first radial spacing. When the extension length of the tunnel entrance arch is greater than 35m, the light-transmitting holes are arranged with a third axial spacing along the tunnel axis and a third radial spacing along the tunnel radially, where the third axial spacing is less than the first axial spacing and the third radial spacing is greater than the first radial spacing.

2. The light-gradient anti-glare tunnel entrance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extended arch wall is set within a preset length according to the tunnel cross-section and area size. The preset length is 2-50m, and the shape of the light-transmitting hole is circular, square, or triangular.

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