LoRa multi-node high-frequency communication conflict avoidance method

Abstract

A method for avoiding high-frequency communication conflicts in LoRa multi-node communication includes the following steps: Step 1: Constructing a star network topology for LoRa wireless nodes; Step 2: Setting up a LoRa network for data terminal nodes; Step 3: Setting up relay nodes and agreeing on a data upload time period; Step 4: Dividing the uplink transmission period of terminal nodes into multiple time slots. Each node is assigned a corresponding transmission time slot; Step 5: Assigning priorities to each terminal node, creating a table of given node sequence lists and initial state of transmitted nodes, preprocessing the data, and uploading the data from the terminal node to the relay node. This invention achieves non-interference in uplink data transmission among terminal nodes by dividing terminal node priorities into two bits and uplink data transmission time slots. Terminal nodes listen to priority data packets and create tables, ensuring that uplink data transmission among terminal nodes does not interfere with each other, urgent data is uploaded first, and the two priority data bits guarantee the integrity of node data transmission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for avoiding high-frequency communication conflicts in LoRa multi-node communication. Background Technology

[0002] LoRa is a wireless communication technology specifically designed for long-range, low-power communication. It is suitable for low-power transmission of IoT devices and is mainly constructed in a star network consisting of terminal nodes, relay nodes, and servers.

[0003] In addition to its features such as large network capacity, low power consumption, strong signal penetration, stable signal at high speeds, and location capabilities, LoRa's biggest advantage lies in its longer wireless radio frequency communication distance under the same power consumption conditions.

[0004] Since multiple nodes do not detect channel occupancy when transmitting data, and if applied to scenarios with high real-time requirements, frequent transmissions by multiple nodes can lead to uplink data communication conflicts, resulting in an increased packet loss rate. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the high packet loss rate in existing technologies, this invention provides a method for avoiding collisions in high-frequency LoRa multi-node communication. The method features a rational structural design and addresses the node collision defects in existing LoRa multi-node high-frequency transmission communication by dividing the uplink data transmission cycle and prioritizing nodes to ensure smooth data transmission and the integrity of multi-node data. When urgent data needs to be uploaded, the terminal prioritizes uploading it using a preemptive mechanism.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is:

[0007] A method for avoiding high-frequency transmission collisions in LoRa multi-node networks, applicable to LoRa networks including multiple terminal nodes and relay nodes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Build a star network topology for LoRa wireless nodes;

[0009] Step 2: Set up the LoRa network for the data terminal node;

[0010] Step 3: Set up relay nodes and agree on the data upload time period;

[0011] Step 4: During uplink transmission, the terminal node divides the transmission period into multiple time slots. Each node is allocated a corresponding transmission time slot;

[0012] Step 5: Assign priority to each terminal node, create a table of given node sequence and initial status of sent nodes, preprocess the data, and have the terminal nodes upload the data to the relay nodes.

[0013] Furthermore, step 1 consists of the following four steps:

[0014] Step 1-1: Determine the required number of nodes N;

[0015] Step 1-2: Place the relay node at the center of the current structural platform, using it as the origin, and integrate all terminal nodes into a coordinate set (x, y) = {(x1, y1), (x2, y2), ..., (x...}. N y N )};

[0016] Steps 1-3: Calculate the straight-line distance between the relay node and the terminal node, where the relay node coordinates are set to (0,0) and the distance is...

[0017] Steps 1-4: Based on the calculation results of Steps 1-3, sort the terminal nodes in descending order of their distance from the relay node, resulting in the node sequence {L1,…,L...}. N}

[0018] Furthermore, step 4 is divided into the following two steps:

[0019] Step 4-1: Divide the uplink transmission cycle of data from N terminal nodes into N transmission time slots;

[0020] Step 4-2: Assign the time slot interval for the terminal node to upload according to the node sequence from smallest to largest as described in Step 1-4.

[0021] Furthermore, step 5 comprises the following five steps:

[0022] Step 5-1: Set two priority data packets. The first priority is the highest priority, and the second priority is the node sorting priority. Before sending data, the first priority is set to 0, and the second priority is arranged according to the node sequence.

[0023] Step 5-2: Nodes send priority data packets and sent node sequence list data packets in priority order. The remaining terminal nodes start receiving mode, listen for the current priority data packets, parse the sent node sequence list data packets, and perform the corresponding delay. The node that is currently sending the priority data packet sends the uplink data packet.

[0024] Step 5-3: The highest priority bit of the data that needs to be uploaded urgently is set to 1 (i.e., valid). After the current priority node completes the uplink transmission, it sends a priority data packet. After the other terminal nodes receive the data packet with the highest priority bit valid, there is a one-time slot delay. The urgent node then preempts the channel to carry out the urgent uplink transmission.

[0025] Step 5-4: After the emergency uplink transmission node completes the transmission and the data returns to normal, it resets to the original priority and listens for the current priority again after a one-transmission cycle delay.

[0026] Step 5-5: The terminal node records the second priority of the node that has completed the reporting, sets the status data in the corresponding sent node table to 1, and the remaining terminal nodes compare the node sequence table and the sent node table to continue uploading data according to priority.

[0027] The technical concept of this invention is as follows: LoRa, as a technology increasingly widely used in the Internet of Things, faces communication conflicts arising from high-frequency transmission in star networks composed of multiple nodes under high real-time requirements. This invention provides a LoRa multi-node high-frequency communication conflict avoidance method, establishing corresponding countermeasures for emergency data transmission under multi-node high-frequency transmission conditions. It designs a method to avoid packet loss caused by terminal nodes preempting the channel in emergency situations.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0029] 1. Enable the receiving mode of the terminal node only during the LoRa transmission cycle to reduce power consumption;

[0030] 2. This invention divides terminal nodes into two priority bits, divides the transmission period into multiple transmission time slots, assigns different priorities to different time slots, and sets the highest priority bit, thereby avoiding communication conflicts caused by nodes uploading at the same time.

[0031] 3. The terminal node listens for priority and creates a table to ensure the integrity of data across multiple nodes. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of LoRa star network data upload operation;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the LoRa terminal node workflow of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the periodic time slots, priority division, and emergency preemption work in a specific embodiment;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a diagram comparing the sent node table and the node sequence table. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical features of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which provide examples to make the content of the present invention easier to understand.

[0037] Reference Figures 1-4 A method for avoiding high-frequency transmission collisions in LoRa networks with multiple nodes, applicable to LoRa networks with high real-time requirements including multiple terminal nodes and relay nodes, the method includes the following steps:

[0038] Step 1: Build a star network topology for LoRa wireless nodes;

[0039] Step 1 consists of the following four steps:

[0040] Step 1-1: Determine the required number of nodes N;

[0041] Step 1-2: Place the relay node at the center of the current structural platform, using it as the origin, and integrate all terminal nodes into a coordinate set (x, y) = {(x1, y1), (x2, y2), ..., (x...}. N y N )};

[0042] Steps 1-3: Calculate the straight-line distance between the relay node and the terminal node, where the relay node coordinates are set to (0,0) and the distance is...

[0043] Steps 1-4: Based on the calculation results of Steps 1-3, sort the terminal nodes in descending order of their distance from the relay node, resulting in the node sequence {L1,…,L...}. N};

[0044] Step 2: Set up the LoRa network for the data terminal node;

[0045] Step 3: Set up relay nodes and agree on the data upload time period;

[0046] Step 4: During uplink transmission, the terminal node divides the transmission period into multiple time slots. Each node is allocated a corresponding transmission time slot;

[0047] Step 4 consists of the following two steps:

[0048] Step 4-1: Divide the uplink transmission cycle of data from N terminal nodes into N transmission time slots;

[0049] Step 4-2: Assign the upload time slot interval to the terminal node in steps 1-4 according to the node sequence from smallest to largest;

[0050] Step 5: Assign priority to each terminal node, create a given node sequence list and an initial state table of sent nodes, preprocess the data, and have the terminal nodes upload the data to the relay nodes.

[0051] The process consists of the following five steps:

[0052] Step 5-1: Set two priority data packets. The first priority is the highest priority, and the second priority is the node sorting priority. Before sending data, the first priority is set to 0, and the second priority is arranged according to the node sequence.

[0053] Step 5-2: Nodes send priority data packets and sent node sequence list data packets in priority order. The remaining terminal nodes start receiving mode, listen for the current priority data packets, parse the sent node sequence list data packets, and perform the corresponding delay. The node that is currently sending the priority data packet sends the uplink data packet.

[0054] Step 5-3: The highest priority bit of the data that needs to be uploaded urgently is set to 1 (i.e., valid). After the current priority node completes the uplink transmission, it sends a priority data packet. After the other terminal nodes receive the data packet with the highest priority bit valid, there is a one-time slot delay. The urgent node then preempts the channel to carry out the urgent uplink transmission.

[0055] Step 5-4: After the emergency uplink transmission node completes the transmission and the data returns to normal, it resets to the original priority and listens for the current priority again after a one-transmission cycle delay.

[0056] Step 5-5: The terminal node records the second priority of the node that has completed the reporting, sets the status data in the corresponding sent node table to 1, and the remaining terminal nodes compare the node sequence table and the sent node table to continue uploading data according to priority.

[0057] The processing procedure in this embodiment is as follows:

[0058] 1. As attached Figure 1 As shown, a LoRa star network consists of multiple terminal nodes and one relay node. The relay node and terminal nodes communicate using LoRa technology. The relay node and terminal nodes agree on a data transmission period.

[0059] 2. Relay nodes are deployed in the center of the scene, and terminal nodes are deployed in the corresponding working areas. The straight-line distance between relay nodes and terminal nodes is calculated, and the node sequence is arranged according to the distance.

[0060] 3. After the terminal nodes and relay nodes complete their corresponding settings, the number of time slots is divided according to the number of nodes. In practical applications, the transmission period T... c It must be greater than the number of nodes N and the time slot length T. i The product of the two data priority bits is used as two priority bits, which are then encapsulated into a data priority data packet. The first bit is the highest priority bit, and the second bit is the second priority bit. The nodes are sorted in descending order of distance, and the second priority bit is assigned sequentially from smallest to largest according to the node sequence. The highest priority bit is only valid when urgent data is present.

[0061] 4. Relay nodes employ an algorithmic waiting mechanism, allocating transmission power and communication channels based on the relative positions of each acquisition node. Terminal nodes employ an algorithmic preemption mechanism. Within a terminal node's transmission cycle, the terminal node sends priority data packets to determine the transmission order. Under normal circumstances, each second priority corresponds to its own transmission time slot. If a node urgently needs to transmit data has its first priority bit set to 1 (i.e., valid), that node listens for data transmission within the channel. If data is being transmitted, it waits for the current transmission to complete before immediately sending a priority data packet to preempt the channel; otherwise, it immediately sends a priority data packet to preempt the channel. Other terminal nodes enter a waiting state when they receive a valid data packet with the highest priority bit, with a delay of one time slot. After the urgent transmission is completed, they listen for priority data packets and compare the already transmitted node list with the node sequence list, transmitting according to the priority order of the remaining second priority bits. Within the transmission cycle, relay nodes will communicate with terminal nodes L. i Pairing, receiving data packets and parsing;

[0062] This invention provides a method for avoiding high-frequency channel collisions in LoRa multi-node networks. This method can be applied to various practical multi-node LoRa networks. Depending on the actual application scenario, the data types may vary, and additional data types can be added based on the usage scenario. For most practical IoT LoRa multi-node network applications, uplink data types are basically divided into two categories: periodic data and emergency data. Periodic data is data uploaded by the terminal at fixed intervals. Emergency data is data with high real-time requirements. This invention mainly addresses channel collisions caused by sudden emergencies requiring the transmission of emergency data during high-frequency transmission in scenarios with high real-time requirements.

[0063] In this invention, the uplink period is an integer multiple of the node transmission time slot, and the entire transmission period consists of N node time slots. Each time slot consists of the terminal node's reception time and data transmission time.

[0064] As attached Figure 3 This diagram illustrates time slot allocation. Under normal circumstances, each node operates within its corresponding time slot. In case of emergencies, preemption can occur. After the preempted transmission is completed, if data transmission returns to normal, the node can resume operation from its original time slot. Each time slot T... i =T c / N, if the time slot is not an integer, the time slot can be specified and the transmission period can be calculated later. If the transmission period is not an integer under this method, the number of nodes N can be appropriately increased when calculating.

[0065] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for avoiding high-frequency transmission collisions in LoRa multi-node networks, applicable to LoRa networks including multiple terminal nodes and relay nodes, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Build a star network topology for LoRa wireless nodes; Step 2: Set up the LoRa network for the data terminal node; Step 3: Set up relay nodes and agree on the data upload time period; Step 4: When the terminal node transmits uplink data, it divides the transmission period into multiple time slots, and each node is allocated a corresponding transmission time slot. Step 5: Assign priority to each terminal node, create a given node sequence list and an initial state table of sent nodes, preprocess the data, and have the terminal nodes upload the data to the relay nodes. Step 5 consists of the following five steps: Step 5-1: Set two priority data packets. The first priority is the highest priority, and the second priority is the node sorting priority. Before sending data, the first priority is set to 0, and the second priority is arranged according to the node sequence. Step 5-2: Nodes send priority data packets and sent node sequence list data packets in priority order. The remaining terminal nodes start receiving mode, listen for the current priority data packets, parse the sent node sequence list data packets, and perform the corresponding delay. The node that is currently sending priority data packets sends uplink data packets. Step 5-3: The highest priority bit of the data that needs to be uploaded urgently is set to 1, which means it is valid. After the current priority node completes the uplink transmission, it sends a priority data packet. After the other terminal nodes receive the data packet with the highest priority bit being valid, there is a one-time slot delay. The urgent node then preempts the channel to carry out the urgent uplink transmission. Step 5-4: After the emergency uplink transmission node completes the transmission and the data returns to normal, it resets to the original priority and listens for the current priority again after a one-transmission cycle delay. Step 5-5: The terminal node records the second priority of the node that has completed the reporting, sets the status data in the corresponding sent node table to 1, and the remaining terminal nodes compare the node sequence table and the sent node table to continue uploading data according to priority.

2. The LoRa multi-node high-frequency transmission collision avoidance method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1 consists of the following four steps: Step 1-1: Determine the required number of nodes N; Step 1-2: Place the relay node at the center of the current structural platform, using it as the origin, and integrate all terminal nodes into a coordinate set (x, y) = {(x1, y1), (x2, y2), ..., (x...}. N y N )}; Steps 1-3: Calculate the straight-line distance between the relay node and the terminal node, where the relay node coordinates are set to (0,0) and the distance is... Steps 1-4: Based on the calculation results of Steps 1-3, sort the terminal nodes in descending order of their distance from the relay node, resulting in the node sequence {L1,…,L...}. N } 3. The LoRa multi-node high-frequency transmission collision avoidance method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Step 4 consists of the following two steps: Step 4-1: Divide the uplink transmission cycle of data from N terminal nodes into N transmission time slots; Step 4-2: Assign the time slot interval for the terminal node to upload according to the node sequence from smallest to largest as described in Step 1-4.

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