Bridge automatic balancing device suitable for port steel box girder structure

Abstract

The application discloses a bridge automatic balancing device suitable for a port steel box girder structure, a bridge main body bottom is supported on a pier cap beam through a support, and one automatic balancing device is arranged between the two sides of the bridge main body and the pier cap beam, characterized in that the automatic balancing device comprises a transverse stopper arranged on the pier cap beam, a limiting connecting piece with a bottom embedded in the pier cap beam, a movable piece with one end connected with a web plate of the bridge main body and the other end connected with the limiting connecting piece, a balancing mechanism comprising a hydraulic balancing box with one end connected with the transverse stopper and an elastic assembly arranged along the other end of the hydraulic balancing box, and the balancing mechanism is connected with the limiting connecting piece. The application can effectively limit the vertical movement and large-amplitude transverse movement of the bridge main body, and can fully adapt to the temperature deformation of the bridge main body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of port terminal approach bridge construction engineering technology. More specifically, this invention relates to an automatic balancing device for bridges with port steel box girder structures. Background Technology

[0002] The approach bridge of the international container terminal in a domestic port area needs to cross one submarine cable and two submarine oil pipelines from north to south. The cable protection zone is approximately 10m wide, and the oil pipeline protection zone is approximately 31m wide. The approach bridge consists of three sections, A, B, and C, from the sea to the land, with lengths of 70m, 130m, and 90m respectively. Section A connects to the wharf, and section C connects to the breakwater. Both sections adopt a high-pile pier structure with a continuous concrete beam superstructure, a span of 5.5m, and a beam height of 1.8m. Section B crosses the submarine pipelines and adopts a large-span steel-concrete composite beam structure with a span of 40m+50m+40m and a beam height of 2.4m, of which the steel beam is 2.0m high. The concrete layer is 25-40cm thick, and the approach bridge pavement layer is 5cm thick.

[0003] Based on the local theoretical lowest tide level, the bridge deck has a design average elevation of 5.20 meters, a design high water level of 2.27 meters, a wave height of 4.0 meters, and a 50-year return period extreme high water level of 3.63 meters with a wave height of 3.7 meters. Under design or extreme high water levels, the superstructure of the approach bridge is affected by vertical and horizontal wave forces, which may lead to strength failure, displacement, or beam collapse. Sections A and C are reinforced concrete beams with a pier-beam fixed structure, and their self-weight can usually balance the vertical wave force. The pier-beam fixed structure can avoid structural displacement caused by horizontal wave forces. Section B is a steel-concrete composite beam supported on the pier cap beam. Its structural strength can meet the requirements of wave force loads, but the small self-weight of the steel beam and the weak tensile and shear strength of the supports lead to support failure, significant lateral displacement, cracking of lateral blocks, and even beam collapse under wave force loads.

[0004] To address the problem of insufficient pull-out and shear resistance of bridge supports in steel box girder structures, engineering often employs measures such as pouring heavy concrete inside the box girder or installing tensile anchor rods at the supports. However, when the concrete heavy area is small, it is difficult to balance the wave force, and when the heavy area is large, it is easy to increase the additional internal forces of the structure. Furthermore, tensile anchor rods at the supports cannot provide a horizontal force to balance the horizontal wave force.

[0005] Given the structural characteristics of port steel box girder bridges and the inadequacy of conventional wave-resistance measures, there is an urgent need to develop an automatic balancing device that can effectively balance vertical and horizontal wave forces, limit the vertical and lateral displacement of the steel box girder, and protect the bridge supports. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and to provide at least the advantages described below.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic balancing device for bridges with port steel box girder structures, so as to solve the technical problems described in the background art above.

[0008] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the present invention, an automatic balancing device for bridges with port steel box girder structures is provided. The bottom of the bridge body is supported on the pier cap beam by supports, and an automatic balancing device is respectively installed between the two sides of the bridge body and the pier cap beam. The automatic balancing device includes:

[0009] Transverse stop blocks are installed on the pier cap beam;

[0010] The limiting connector is pre-embedded in the pier cap beam at its bottom;

[0011] The movable component has one end connected to the web of the bridge main body and the other end connected to the limiting connector; the movable component can move relative to the limiting connector in the lateral and longitudinal directions.

[0012] The balancing mechanism includes a hydraulic balance box connected at one end to a lateral stop and an elastic component located at the other end of the hydraulic balance box along the lateral direction; the balancing mechanism is connected to a limiting connector, and the elastic component can limit the lateral movement of the moving part.

[0013] Preferably, the automatic balancing device for bridges suitable for port steel box girder structures includes the following limiting connectors:

[0014] Two ribs, both L-shaped structures, with the lower end of the vertical part of each rib pre-embedded in the pier cap beam and the upper end pre-embedded in the transverse block; one end of the horizontal part of each rib is pre-embedded in the transverse block, and the other end extends horizontally towards the main body of the bridge; the hydraulic balance box is connected to the rib.

[0015] A limiting plate is connected to the other end of the horizontal portion of the two ribs; the movable part is movably connected to the limiting plate in the transverse and longitudinal directions.

[0016] Preferably, the bridge automatic balancing device applicable to port steel box girder structures has a flange plate at the lower end of the vertical part of each rib.

[0017] Preferably, the bridge automatic balancing device applicable to port steel box girder structures has an I-shaped movable component with an I-shaped perforation on the limiting plate. One end of the movable component is connected to the web of the bridge body, and the other end extends through the perforation to the other side of the limiting plate away from the bridge body. The height of the web and flange of the perforation is adapted to the thickness of the web and flange of the movable component, respectively, and the longitudinal dimension of the perforation is greater than the longitudinal dimension of the movable component.

[0018] Preferably, the automatic balancing device for bridges suitable for port steel box girder structures has a W-shaped hydraulic balancing box. The closed end of the hydraulic balancing box is embedded in the transverse block, and the two vertices are respectively inserted into the reserved holes on the two ribs. The open end is located between the transverse block and the web of the bridge body. The elastic component is arranged transversely at the open end of the hydraulic balancing box.

[0019] Preferably, the automatic balancing device for bridges suitable for port steel box girder structures includes a hydraulic balancing box comprising:

[0020] The two built-in boxes are U-shaped structures embedded in the transverse blocks. The two built-in boxes are arranged longitudinally and connected. The apex of each built-in box is inserted into a reserved hole on a rib.

[0021] Three external boxes are located between the transverse blocks and the web of the bridge body. Each internal box has an external box connected to its far-away free ends. The two ends of two internal boxes are connected to an external box. Each external box has an elastic component installed along the transverse direction.

[0022] Preferably, the bridge automatic balancing device applicable to port steel box girder structures is provided with an inlet valve at the top and an outlet valve at the bottom of each external box, and an overflow valve at the end where the external box connects to the corresponding internal box.

[0023] Preferably, in the bridge automatic balancing device suitable for port steel box girder structures, each elastic component includes:

[0024] The piston is positioned laterally within the corresponding external housing.

[0025] A spring is horizontally positioned in the corresponding external housing, with one end of the spring connected to the overflow valve and the other end connected to the piston.

[0026] The piston rod has one end connected to the piston and the other end extending horizontally towards the web of the bridge body to the outside of the outer box.

[0027] Preferably, the bridge automatic balancing device applicable to port steel box girder structures includes a bridge body comprising a steel box girder and a bridge deck, wherein the bridge deck is a steel plate integrally formed with the steel box girder or a reinforced concrete slab combined with the steel box girder.

[0028] The present invention also provides a steel box girder or steel-concrete composite box girder approach bridge suitable for ports, which has the automatic balancing device as described above.

[0029] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: taking into account the characteristics of steel box girder bridges in port areas and the inadequacy of conventional wave force resistance measures, the present invention adopts an automatic balancing device that can effectively balance vertical and horizontal wave forces, restricting the vertical movement and large-scale lateral movement of the main body of the bridge, and protecting the supports and lateral blocks.

[0030] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a top view of an automatic bridge balancing device for a port steel box girder structure according to one technical solution of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a transverse cross-sectional view of the automatic balancing device for a port steel box girder structure as described in another technical solution of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a top view of the automatic bridge balancing device for a port steel box girder structure as described in another technical solution of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a transverse cross-sectional view of the automatic balancing device for a port steel box girder structure as described in another technical solution of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the automatic balancing device for a port steel box girder structure as described in another technical solution of the present invention.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Bridge main body; 2-Support; 3-Pier cap beam; 4-Transverse stop; 5-Hydraulic balance box; 6-Moving part; 7-Limiting connector; 8-Piston; 9-Spring; 10-Piston rod; 11-Inlet valve; 12-Outlet valve; 13-Overflow valve; 14-Internal box; 15-External box; 16-Rib plate; 17-Limiting plate; 18-Flange plate; 19-Perforated steel bar; 20-Circular metal plate; 21-Rectangular metal plate. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0038] It should be understood that terms such as “having,” “comprising,” and “including” as used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0039] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following implementation plan are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0040] In the description of this invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0041] like Figures 1-5 As shown, this invention provides an automatic balancing device for bridges with steel box girder structures in ports. The bottom of the bridge body 1 is supported on the pier cap beam 3 by supports 2. An automatic balancing device is respectively installed between the two sides of the bridge body 1 and the pier cap beam 3. The automatic balancing device includes:

[0042] Horizontal stop 4 is provided on the pier cap beam 3;

[0043] The bottom of the limiting connector 7 is pre-embedded in the pier cap beam 3;

[0044] The movable component 6 has one end connected to the web of the main body 1 of the bridge and the other end connected to the limiting connector 7; the movable component 6 can move relative to the limiting connector 7 in the lateral and longitudinal directions.

[0045] The balancing mechanism includes a hydraulic balancing box 5 connected at one end to a transverse stop 4 (embedded inside the transverse stop 4) and an elastic component located at the other end of the hydraulic balancing box 5 along the transverse direction. The balancing mechanism is connected to a limiting connector 7, and the elastic component can limit the transverse movement of the movable part 6. The direction of the roadway is the longitudinal direction of the bridge, and the direction perpendicular to the roadway direction is the transverse direction of the bridge.

[0046] In the above technical solution, the present invention provides an automatic balancing device for bridges with steel box girder structures in ports. This device is installed on both sides of the steel box girder bridge and between the pier cap beams 3, effectively limiting the vertical and lateral displacement of the steel box girder while fully accommodating temperature deformation of the bridge body 1. The bridges to which this invention is applicable have steel box girder structures and are used in port areas.

[0047] like Figure 1As shown, the automatic balancing device provided by this invention is applicable to ports and bridges with steel box girder structures. The bridge has a bridge deck and a steel box girder, and the bridge deck can be made of concrete or steel. The bottom of the bridge body 1 is supported on the pier cap beam 3 by multiple pairs of supports 2 (spaced along the longitudinal direction of the bridge). A transverse stop 4 is set on each side of the pier cap beam 3 along the transverse direction. Each transverse stop 4 is connected to the side of the web of the bridge body 1, and a limiting connector 7, a movable part 6, and a balancing mechanism are respectively set. The limiting connector 7 is embedded in the pier cap beam 3. The movable part 6 is connected to the web of the bridge body 1. At the same time, the movable part 6 and the limiting connector 7 are connected longitudinally. That is, the limiting connector 7 limits the vertical and large-amplitude lateral movement of the movable part 6, thereby effectively limiting the vertical and large-amplitude lateral displacement of the bridge body 1. The movable part 6 can move longitudinally relative to the limiting connector 7, which can adapt to the changes in temperature of the bridge body 1. The automatic balancing device also includes a balancing mechanism, which includes a hydraulic balancing box 5 connected to a transverse stop 4 at one end. The other end of the hydraulic balancing box 5 is provided with an elastic component along the transverse direction. The elastic component can move laterally. When the water waves of the port move from both sides of the bridge laterally, they generate a transverse impact force on the main body of the bridge 1, causing the main body of the bridge 1 to undergo a certain transverse displacement. When the transverse critical displacement is exceeded (a 5cm gap is generally reserved in the transverse direction to accommodate temperature deformation of the bridge), the hydraulic balancing box 5 plays a role. The free end of the elastic component presses against the web of the main body of the bridge 1 to limit the transverse movement of the main body of the bridge 1 and avoid large transverse displacement of the main body of the bridge 1 under wave force load. The limiting connector 7 limits the vertical movement of the moving part 6. That is, under the limiting action of the limiting connector 7, the moving part 6 will not move vertically, thereby effectively limiting the vertical movement of the main body of the bridge 1 and thus preventing the support 2 from being pulled and protecting the support 2 from being damaged by the pulling force.

[0048] The installation of the transverse stop 4, the limiting connector 7, and the balancing mechanism can be completed using existing technologies. One possible implementation is as follows: Both the pier cap beam 3 and the transverse stop 4 are cast-in-place reinforced concrete. Before the concrete pouring of the pier cap beam 3, the lower end of the reinforcing steel of the transverse stop 4 and the bottom of the limiting connector 7 are inserted into the reinforcing cage of the pier cap beam 3. Then, the concrete of the pier cap beam 3 is poured. After the pier cap beam 3 is formed, the lower end of the reinforcing steel of the transverse stop 4 and the bottom of the limiting connector 7 are embedded in the pier cap beam 3. The upper part of the limiting connector 7 passes through the pier cap beam 3 and extends out of the pier cap beam 3. One end of the balancing mechanism is inserted into the reinforcing cage of the transverse stop 4. Then, the concrete of the transverse stop 4 is poured. The pier cap beam 3, the transverse stop 4, the limiting connector 7, and the balancing mechanism are connected as a whole through pre-embedding, which improves the installation firmness of each component and the mechanical strength of the structure.

[0049] The movable component 6 is preferably made of metal (such as low-carbon alloy steel). One end of the movable component 6 is welded to the web of the bridge body 1, and the other end extends laterally and is movably connected to the limiting connector 7 in the longitudinal direction.

[0050] In another technical solution, the automatic balancing device for bridges suitable for port steel box girder structures includes a limiting connector 7 comprising:

[0051] Two ribs 16, both of which are L-shaped structures, with the lower end of the vertical part of each rib 16 pre-embedded in the pier cap beam 3 and the upper end pre-embedded in the transverse block 4; one end of the horizontal part of each rib 16 is pre-embedded in the transverse block 4, and the other end extends horizontally in the direction close to the main body of the bridge 1; the hydraulic balance box 5 is connected to the rib 16.

[0052] The limiting plate 17 is connected to the other end of the horizontal portion of the two ribs 16; the movable part 6 is movably connected to the limiting plate 17 in the transverse and longitudinal directions.

[0053] like Figures 3-5 As shown, the limiting connector 7 of the present invention specifically includes two longitudinally spaced ribs 16. Each rib 16 is an inverted L-shaped structure arranged vertically in the transverse direction. The lower end of the vertical part of the rib 16 is located inside the pier cap beam 3, and the upper end extends vertically upward into the transverse stop 4. One end of the horizontal part is integrally formed with the vertical part inside the transverse stop 4, and the other end extends horizontally out of the transverse stop 4 in the direction close to the web of the bridge body 1. The limiting plate 17 is arranged vertically in the longitudinal direction and is fixedly connected to the other end of the horizontal part of the two ribs 16. The other end of the movable part 6 is movably connected to the limiting plate 17 in the longitudinal direction. The limiting plate 17 limits the vertical and transverse movement of the movable part 6. The limiting plate 17 is connected to the pier cap beam 3 through the two ribs 16 to realize the fixed installation of the limiting plate 17.

[0054] Figure 3 This is a top view of the automatic balancing device. Figure 3 The left and right directions are the transverse directions of the bridge, and the up and down directions are the longitudinal directions of the bridge. Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the automatic balancing device along the transverse direction. Figure 4 The left and right directions are the horizontal direction of the bridge, and the up and down direction is the vertical direction. Figure 5 This is a side view of the automatic balancing device (a side view taken from the side where the moving part 6 is located, along the horizontal direction toward the horizontal stop 4). Figure 5 The left and right directions are vertical, and the up and down directions are vertical.

[0055] By pre-embedding the vertical parts of the two ribs 16 into the pier cap beam 3 and the transverse stop 4, the installation stability of the entire limiting connector 7 is improved. The limiting plate 17 of the limiting connector 7 is located between the transverse stop 4 and the web of the bridge steel box girder. The movable part 6 is connected to the limiting plate 17 in the longitudinal direction. That is, the limiting plate 17 limits the vertical movement of the movable part 6 (the transverse movement is limited by the elastic component of the hydraulic balance box 5). At the same time, the movable part 6 can move relative to the limiting plate 17 in the longitudinal direction, thereby realizing the vertical limitation of the bridge body 1. At the same time, it can effectively adapt to the longitudinal displacement of the bridge steel box girder caused by temperature changes.

[0056] In another technical solution, the bridge automatic balancing device applicable to port steel box girder structures has a flange plate 18 at the lower end of the vertical part of each rib 16. Figures 4-5 As shown, a flange plate 18 is horizontally provided at the bottom of the rib plate 16, which is embedded in the pier cap beam 3. The flange plate 18 can strengthen the connection between the limiting connector 7 and the pier cap beam 3, and increase the safety factor against vertical and horizontal wave forces.

[0057] In another technical solution, the bridge automatic balancing device applicable to port steel box girder structures has a movable component 6 with an I-shaped structure. The limiting plate 17 has an I-shaped perforation. One end of the movable component 6 is connected to the web of the bridge body 1, and the other end extends laterally through the perforation to the other side of the limiting plate 17 away from the bridge body 1. The height of the web and flange of the perforation is adapted to the thickness of the web and flange of the movable component 6, respectively, so that the movable component 6 can pass through the perforation laterally. At the same time, the limiting plate 17 can effectively restrict the vertical movement of the movable component 6. The longitudinal dimension of the perforation is larger than the longitudinal dimension of the movable component 6, so that the movable component 6 can move longitudinally relative to the limiting plate 17.

[0058] The present invention further discloses the specific structural features of the connection between the movable component 6 and the limiting plate 17. The movable component 6 is configured as an I-shaped structure. A transverse through hole of the same shape as the movable component 6 and corresponding to it is provided on the limiting plate 17. One end of the movable component 6 is welded to the web of the bridge steel box girder, and the other end extends transversely through the through hole to the side of the limiting plate 17 away from the bridge steel box girder. The height of the web and flange of the through hole is slightly larger (about 2 mm larger) than the size of the web and flange of the movable component 6, so that the movable component 6 can pass smoothly through the through hole during installation. The longitudinal dimension of the through hole is larger than the longitudinal dimension of the movable component 6, so that the movable component 6 can move longitudinally relative to the limiting plate 17. The movable component 6 is not fixedly connected to the inner wall of the through hole. The movable component 6 can move slightly transversely within the through hole, and the distance of movement is the transverse spacing of the elastic components corresponding to the movable component 6.

[0059] In another technical solution, the automatic balancing device for bridges applicable to port steel box girder structures has a W-shaped hydraulic balancing box 5. The closed end of the hydraulic balancing box 5 is embedded in the transverse block 4, and the two vertices are respectively inserted into the reserved holes on the two ribs 16. The open end is located between the transverse block 4 and the web of the bridge body 1. The elastic component is arranged transversely at the open end of the hydraulic balancing box 5.

[0060] like Figure 3 As shown, the hydraulic balance box 5 of the automatic balancing device provided by the present invention is W-shaped and horizontally arranged in the transverse direction. The opening of the hydraulic balance box 5 faces the web of the bridge steel box girder. The closed end of the hydraulic balance box 5 is pre-embedded in the transverse block 4 (specifically, before the concrete is poured into the transverse block 4, the hydraulic balance box 5 is placed in place and the closed end of the hydraulic balance box 5 is inserted into the steel cage of the transverse block 4, and then the concrete of the transverse block 4 is poured, thereby connecting the closed end of the hydraulic balance box 5 with the transverse block 4 to form a whole). The open end of the hydraulic balance box 5 is located between the transverse block 4 and the web of the bridge steel crossbeam. An elastic component is set in the transverse direction at the open end of the hydraulic balance box 5. With the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic balance box 5, the elastic component can move in the transverse direction to offset the wave force and prevent the linearity of the heated support 2 from being damaged under the wave force load.

[0061] In another technical solution, the automatic balancing device for bridges suitable for port steel box girder structures includes a hydraulic balancing box 5 comprising:

[0062] Two built-in boxes 14 are U-shaped structures pre-embedded in the transverse blocks 4. The two built-in boxes 14 are arranged longitudinally and connected. The vertex of each built-in box 14 is inserted into a reserved hole on a rib plate 16.

[0063] Three external boxes 15 are located between the transverse block 4 and the web of the bridge body 1. An external box 15 is connected to one of the opposite ends of the internal boxes 14. An external box 15 is connected to the two ends of the two internal boxes 14. An elastic component is provided in each external box 15 along the transverse direction.

[0064] Furthermore, the W-shaped hydraulic balance box 5 of the present invention consists of two U-shaped tubular internal boxes 14 and three straight tubular external boxes 15. The two internal boxes 14 are arranged adjacent to each other in the longitudinal direction and their adjacent sides are connected to each other. Each internal box 14 is embedded in the transverse block 4, and the internal box 14 passes through a pre-reserved hole in the longitudinal direction on an adjacent rib 16, thereby connecting the hydraulic balance box 5 to the limiting connector 7. The two non-adjacent free ends (open ends) of the internal boxes 14 are respectively connected to an external box 15 (the external boxes 15 on both sides are respectively connected to the corresponding internal boxes 14), and the two adjacent free ends are connected to an external box 15 (the middle external box 15 is connected to each internal box 14), forming a W-shaped structure with overall internal connectivity. Each free end of the external box 15 is provided with an elastic component in the transverse direction. The vertical cross-section of the built-in housing 14 and the two external housings 15 on both sides is circular, while the vertical cross-section of the middle external housing 15 is a rounded rectangle. The elastic component and the movable component 6 located in the middle are arranged opposite each other in the lateral direction, and a certain gap is reserved between the elastic component and the movable component 6 to allow for a small lateral displacement of the movable component 6.

[0065] During the actual construction and installation process, before the concrete pouring of the pier cap beam 3, the built-in box 14 is passed through the corresponding reserved hole, and the built-in box 14 is connected to the corresponding rib plate 16. Then, the built-in box 14 and the rib plate 16 are placed together into the transverse stop block 4, so that the lower end of the rib plate 16 is inserted into the pier cap beam 3. After the two built-in boxes 14 are placed in place, the two adjacent ends of the two built-in boxes 14 are connected (which can be achieved by welding or other conventional technical means). The built-in box 14 and the rib plate 16 are temporarily positioned by binding or other positioning methods. Then, the concrete pouring of the pier cap beam 3 is carried out. The corresponding external box 15 is connected to the end of the built-in box 14. The external box 15 extends laterally, one end of the external box 15 is connected to the built-in box 14, and the other end is equipped with an elastic component.

[0066] In another technical solution, the bridge automatic balancing device applicable to port steel box girder structures is provided with an inlet valve 11 at the top and an outlet valve 12 at the bottom of each external box 15, and an overflow valve 13 at the end where the external box 15 is connected to the corresponding internal box 14.

[0067] An inlet valve 11 for hydraulic oil inflow is provided at the top of the external housing 15, and an outlet valve 12 for hydraulic oil outflow is provided at the bottom. An overflow valve 13 is provided at the connection between the external housing 15 and the internal housing 14. Hydraulic oil is injected into the external housing 15 through the inlet valve 11 and enters the internal housing 14 through the filter valve, so that the entire hydraulic housing is filled with hydraulic oil (in the natural state of the elastic component). The outlet valve 12 is provided so that the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic housing can be discharged and replaced, or when it is necessary to inspect the elastic component or the inside of the hydraulic housing, the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic housing can be discharged in time through the outlet valve 12.

[0068] In another technical solution, the automatic balancing device for bridges suitable for port steel box girder structures includes each elastic component comprising:

[0069] Piston 8 is laterally movable within the corresponding external housing 15;

[0070] Spring 9 is horizontally installed in the corresponding external housing 15. One end of spring 9 is connected to the overflow valve 13, and the other end is connected to the piston 8.

[0071] The piston rod 10 has one end connected to the piston 8 and the other end extending horizontally towards the web of the bridge body 1 to the outside of the outer box 15.

[0072] The present invention includes three elastic components. One elastic component is provided laterally at the free end of each outer box 15. Each elastic component includes a piston 8 sealed inside the corresponding outer box. The piston 8 can move laterally relative to the outer box 15. A spring 9 is provided on the side of the piston 8 near the inner box 14. One end of the spring 9 is connected to the overflow valve 13, and the other end is connected to the side of the piston 8 near the inner box 14. A piston rod 10 is provided on the other side of the piston 8 away from the inner box 14. One end of the rod is connected to the other side of the piston 8 away from the inner box 14, and the other end extends laterally to the outside of the outer box 15.

[0073] Preferably, the hydraulic balance box 5 is filled with hydraulic oil, and the spring 9 is in its natural extended state. A certain distance A is reserved between the other end of the piston rod 10 on both sides and the web of the bridge steel box girder. The other end of the piston rod 10 in the middle is arranged laterally opposite to the other end of the movable part 6, and a certain distance B is reserved between them (distance A and distance B are equal). This provides space for the small-amplitude lateral movement of the bridge body 1 under the action of lateral temperature deformation or external wave force.

[0074] In the automatic balancing device of the present invention, preferably, the W-type hydraulic balancing box 5 (with an internal box 14 and an external box 15), piston 8, piston rod 10 and flow valve 13 are all made of stainless steel, and the rib plate 16, the limiting plate 17 and the I-shaped moving part 6 are all made of low carbon alloy steel.

[0075] In another technical solution, the automatic balancing device for bridges with port steel box girder structures includes a bridge body 1 comprising a steel box girder and a bridge deck. The bridge deck is either a steel plate integrally formed with the steel box girder or a reinforced concrete slab combined with the steel box girder. This invention is applicable to bridges with steel box girders in port areas. The bridge deck can be made of steel plate (the steel box girder and steel plate are integrally formed to form an integral, self-contained, ordinary steel box girder), or reinforced concrete slab (the steel box girder and reinforced concrete slab form a steel-concrete composite bridge). The bottom of the steel box girder is supported on the pier cap beam 3 by multiple supports 2, the number of supports 2 being selected according to the cross-sectional width.

[0076] The present invention also provides a steel box girder or steel-concrete composite box girder approach bridge suitable for ports, which has the above-mentioned automatic balancing device.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] This is applicable to steel box girder or steel-concrete composite box girder approach bridges for ports, comprising a bridge body 1 supported on a pier cap beam 3 by a bearing mechanism, and automatic balancing devices located on both sides of the web of the bridge body 1. The bearing mechanism includes multiple bearing groups arranged longitudinally at intervals, each bearing group including multiple bearings 2 arranged transversely at intervals, preferably each bearing group including two symmetrically arranged bearings 2; an automatic balancing device is correspondingly arranged on both sides of each bearing group along the transverse direction, each automatic balancing device comprising a W-shaped hydraulic balancing box 5, an I-shaped moving part 6, a limiting connector 7, a metal piston 8, a piston return spring 9, and a horizontal piston rod 10. The bridge body 1 uses bearings 2. Supported on the pier cap beam 3, a W-shaped hydraulic balance box 5 is installed on one side of the transverse stop block 4 at the support point, and an I-shaped movable part 6 is installed on one side of the bridge main body. The two ribs 16 of the limiting connector 7 are pre-embedded in the transverse stop block 4 and the pier cap beam 3. The limiting plate 17 is vertically installed between the transverse stop block and the bridge main body. One end of the movable part 6 is connected (welded) to the web of the bridge main body, and the other end passes through the I-shaped perforation on the limiting plate 17. A metal piston 8 is installed inside the W-shaped hydraulic balance box 5. A piston return spring 9 is installed on one side of the metal piston 8, and a horizontal piston rod 10 is installed on the other side. Under the action of wave force load, the bridge main body (steel box girder) undergoes vertical and lateral displacement. When the I-shaped movable part 6 exceeds the vertical critical displacement (the vertical critical displacement is very small, which is the installation gap between the movable rod and the limiting part), the I-shaped movable part 6 vertically presses against the limiting plate 17, thereby restricting the vertical movement of the bridge body 1; when the I-shaped movable part 6 exceeds the lateral critical displacement (the lateral critical displacement is the distance between the middle piston rod and the movable part when the spring is naturally extended), the other end of the I-shaped movable part presses against the middle piston rod, and the piston rods on both sides press against the main body web plate, thereby restricting the large-scale lateral movement of the bridge body 1. At the same time, a longitudinal displacement space is reserved between the movable part 6 and the through hole of the limiting plate 17, which can accommodate the longitudinal displacement of the bridge body 1 caused by temperature changes.

[0079] The pre-reserved hole on the rib plate 16 is a round hole with a diameter of 140mm. The bottom of the rib plate 16 is horizontally provided with a flange plate 18, the longitudinal dimension of which is preferably 150mm (width). Multiple steel bar holes are arranged vertically at intervals on the pre-embedded parts of the two rib plates 16. Each steel bar hole is longitudinally penetrating, and the steel bar holes on the two rib plates 16 are arranged in pairs and correspondingly in the longitudinal direction. The pairs of steel bar holes are connected by perforated steel bars 19.

[0080] The vertical cross-section of the inner box 14 and the two outer boxes 15 on both sides is circular, with an outer diameter of 120mm. The vertical cross-section of the middle outer box 15 is a rounded rectangle, with an outer diameter of 120mm and a long side of 240mm. The horizontal length of the outer boxes 15 on both sides is 400mm, and the horizontal length of the middle outer box 15 is 250mm.

[0081] The outer diameter of the inlet valve 11 and outlet valve 12 on the external housing 15 is 30mm. As required for operation, liquid oil is injected from the inlet valve 11 and discharged from the outlet valve 12. The flow valve 13 is composed of a circular metal plate 20 and four rectangular metal plates 21. The outer diameter of the circular metal plate 20 corresponds to 50mm on both sides and 80mm in the middle of the external housing 15. The free length of the spring is 170mm. When the spring is naturally extended, the center distance between the piston and the flow valve is 175mm. The distance A between the free end of the piston rod on both sides and the web of the bridge body is 5cm, and the distance B between the piston rod in the middle and the moving part is 5cm.

[0082] The I-shaped perforation on the limiting plate 17 has an upper and lower flange hole height of 25mm and a length of 300mm, a belly hole width of 75mm and a height of 175mm (the total height of the two flange holes plus the belly hole is 225mm), the movable part 6 has a height of 220mm (the total height of the belly and the two flanges is 220mm), and the flange length is 200mm.

[0083] For example, a port steel-concrete composite beam approach bridge (equipped with the automatic balancing device provided by this invention) is 130m long with a span composition of 40+50+40=130m. To prevent support failure under wave loads, no fixed supports are provided at the bottom of the beam; instead, unidirectional (lateral) and bidirectional (lateral and longitudinal) movable supports are used. Figure 1 The arrow in the center plane indicates the direction of bearing movement. The bridge deck is 10m wide, with 0.5m wide reinforced concrete guardrails. The standard section main beam is 2.4m high, including a 2.0m high steel box girder. The concrete bridge deck is 25-40cm thick, and the pavement wearing course is 5cm thick. Steel specifications are 300kg / m², and the concrete bridge deck specifications are 0.3m. 3 / m 2 The steel box girder has a line load of 29.4 kN / m, the concrete bridge deck has a line load of 78.0 kN / m, the pavement wearing layer has a line load of 13.0 kN / m, and the guardrail has a line load of 22.2 kN / m. The total dead load is 142.6 kN / m. The supports do not provide vertical resistance; the lateral horizontal resistance of the supports is taken as 3% of the support reaction force.

[0084] The extreme high water level for a 50-year return period wave force is 3.63 meters, the beam bottom elevation is 2.7 meters, the wave height is 4 meters, and the wavelength is 95.0 meters. The maximum buoyancy pressure acting on the beam bottom and flanges is 11.0 kPa, with a single wavelength range of 40.0 meters. The pressure line load on the side box girder is 95.3 kN / m, with a single wavelength range of 34.0 meters. Considering a wavelength range of 40 meters, the maximum buoyancy line load is 110.0 kN / m, the still water buoyancy line load is 47.0 kN / m, and the lateral wave force line load is 49.8 kN / m. The total vertical wave force load is 157.0 kN / m, and the total lateral wave force load is 49.8 kN / m.

[0085] by Figure 2 Taking the left-side automatic balancing device as an example, the following is a detailed explanation: When wave force acts on a 40m range at the beam end, the vertical wave force load of 157.0kN / m is greater than the dead load of the approach bridge of 142.6kN / m. The automatic balancing device then functions. The movable part 6 on the web of the approach bridge main body contacts the inner wall of the perforation on the limiting plate 17 and then presses against it, preventing vertical displacement of the bridge main body and protecting the support from being damaged. At this time, the beam end support experiences a negative support reaction force, and the horizontal resistance of the support is 0, which is less than the lateral wave force load of 49.8kN / m. The bridge main body undergoes lateral displacement to the left, causing the movable part to move laterally to the left. When the displacement is greater than the distance between the piston rod and the movable part / web of the bridge main body, the movable part and the bridge main body press against the corresponding piston rod. As the bridge main body continues to move laterally, it pushes the piston rod to the left, compressing the spring and reducing the volume of hydraulic oil (hydraulic oil has very low compressibility). Under the reaction of the hydraulic oil, the steel-concrete composite box girder main body is limited from excessive lateral movement.

[0086] When the wave force on the right side of the bridge body recedes and the wave force on the left side appears, the bridge body undergoes a lateral displacement to the right. A gap appears between the left piston rod and the moving part or the web of the bridge body. Under the action of the piston return spring, the metal piston and piston rod return to their initial positions, and the right-side wave force automatic balancing device starts to work. This cycle repeats to adapt to the periodic changes in wave force.

[0087] When the main body of the bridge moves longitudinally due to temperature changes, the movable part can move longitudinally relative to the limiting plate 17 to accommodate the longitudinal movement of the main body of the bridge due to temperature changes.

[0088] The number of devices and processing scale described herein are for the purpose of simplifying the description of the invention. Applications, modifications, and variations of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0089] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. An automatic balancing device for bridges with steel box girder structures in ports, wherein the bottom of the bridge body is supported on the pier cap beam by bearings, and an automatic balancing device is installed on each side of the bridge body between the bridge body and the pier cap beam, characterized in that... The automatic balancing device includes: Transverse stop blocks are installed on the pier cap beam; The limiting connector is pre-embedded in the pier cap beam at its bottom; The movable component has one end connected to the web of the bridge main body and the other end connected to the limiting connector; the movable component can move relative to the limiting connector in the lateral and longitudinal directions. The balancing mechanism includes a hydraulic balance box connected at one end to a lateral stop and an elastic component disposed at the other end of the hydraulic balance box along the lateral direction; the balancing mechanism is connected to a limiting connector, and the elastic component can limit the lateral movement of the moving part. The limiting connector includes: Two ribs, both L-shaped structures, with the lower end of the vertical part of each rib pre-embedded in the pier cap beam and the upper end pre-embedded in the transverse stop block; one end of the horizontal part of each rib is pre-embedded in the transverse stop block, and the other end extends horizontally towards the main body of the bridge; the hydraulic balance box is connected to the rib. A limiting plate is connected to the other end of the horizontal portion of the two ribs; the movable part is movably connected to the limiting plate in the transverse and longitudinal directions. The hydraulic balance box has a W-shaped structure. The closed end of the hydraulic balance box is embedded in the transverse stop and the two vertices are respectively inserted into the reserved holes on the two ribs. The open end is located between the transverse stop and the web of the bridge body. The elastic component is set in the open end of the hydraulic balance box along the transverse direction.

2. The automatic balancing device for bridges applicable to port steel box girder structures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each rib has a flange at the lower end of its vertical section.

3. The automatic balancing device for bridges applicable to port steel box girder structures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The movable component has an I-shaped structure, and the limiting plate has an I-shaped perforation. One end of the movable component is connected to the web of the main body of the bridge, and the other end extends through the perforation to the other side of the limiting plate away from the main body of the bridge. The height of the web and flange of the perforation are adapted to the thickness of the web and flange of the movable component, respectively, and the longitudinal dimension of the perforation is greater than the longitudinal dimension of the movable component.

4. The automatic balancing device for bridges suitable for port steel box girder structures as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The hydraulic balance box includes: The two built-in boxes are U-shaped structures embedded in the transverse blocks. The two built-in boxes are arranged longitudinally and connected. The apex of each built-in box is inserted into a reserved hole on a rib. Three external boxes are located between the transverse blocks and the web of the bridge body. Each internal box has an external box connected to its opposite free ends. The two ends of two internal boxes are connected to an external box. Each external box has an elastic component installed along the transverse direction.

5. The automatic balancing device for bridges suitable for port steel box girder structures as described in claim 4, characterized in that, Each external enclosure is equipped with an inlet valve at the top and an outlet valve at the bottom, and an overflow valve at the end where the external enclosure connects to the corresponding internal enclosure.

6. The automatic balancing device for bridges suitable for port steel box girder structures as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Each resilient component includes: The piston is positioned laterally within the corresponding external housing. A spring is horizontally positioned in the corresponding external housing, with one end of the spring connected to the overflow valve and the other end connected to the piston. The piston rod has one end connected to the piston and the other end extending horizontally towards the web of the bridge body to the outside of the outer box.

7. The automatic balancing device for bridges applicable to port steel box girder structures as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The main body of the bridge includes a steel box girder and a bridge deck. The bridge deck is a steel plate integrally formed with the steel box girder or a reinforced concrete slab combined with the steel box girder.

8. Approach bridges for steel box girders or steel-concrete composite box girders suitable for ports, characterized in that: It has an automatic balancing device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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