Oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device

Abstract

The present invention discloses an oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device. The present invention comprises an oil tank, a high-voltage bushing and a discharge model. The side wall of the oil tank is provided with a transparent observation window and a drive motor. Two high-voltage bushings are provided on the top of the oil tank, and a plurality of discharge models are provided inside the oil tank. The copper core of the high-voltage bushing is connected to a conductive rod for conduction, and a current booster is provided on the conductive rod. The discharge model includes a surface discharge model and at least two of the tip, suspension and air gap discharge models. The discharge model is connected to a handle outside the tank. A booster and a three-way switch are provided in the oil tank. The connection and disconnection of the three-way switch are controlled by a drive motor. The two conductive heads in the three-way switch are respectively connected to the two conductive rods, and one conductive head is connected to the high-voltage output terminal of the secondary side of the booster. The present invention can simulate the characteristics of different fault types and the influence of discharge intensity on the insulation performance of the high-voltage bushing, and provide more and more accurate test data for the detection and diagnosis analysis of the safe operation status of the high-voltage bushing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of electric power equipment, and in particular relates to an oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device. Background Art

[0002] In power systems, high-voltage bushings are primarily used to insulate the ground for incoming and outgoing lines of power equipment such as transformers, reactors, and circuit breakers, as well as for high-voltage circuits passing through walls. They are crucial components of power transmission and transformation equipment. The performance of high-voltage bushings directly determines the safety and operational efficiency of the entire power project. Defects such as moisture, poor grounding, aging, and insulation degradation can occur due to factors such as production process limitations, oil leakage, overloading, prolonged operation, or improper operation during testing. These defects can affect the insulation performance and proper operation of the bushings, leading to serious power system failures and even major accidents. High-voltage bushing testing is a crucial component in ensuring the safety of high-voltage transmission and transformation projects. Therefore, it is essential to conduct experimental research on high-voltage bushing fault simulation and testing to promptly identify and eliminate safety hazards and defects during operation. Existing methods for detecting high-voltage bushing failures primarily focus on performance assessment and fault detection, while methods for high-voltage bushing fault simulation are limited, simple, and often unsophisticated. Existing bushing fault simulation methods include using a scaled-down bushing model to simulate defects and conduct experimental studies on capacitance, dielectric loss, and partial discharge, and using equivalent capacitance faults to simulate capacitance and dielectric loss. Existing fault simulation methods fail to accurately reproduce actual field high-voltage bushing fault phenomena; they simulate a single fault type and a single type of partial discharge, failing to replicate actual conditions and simultaneously simulating the impact of different faults and discharge types. Furthermore, the simulation device's power supply and fault defect components lack a high level of integration.

[0003] Invention No. 202111398092.X discloses a test method for an oil-paper insulated bushing fault simulation device. Using a test chamber structure based on a bushing scale model, the capacitor core is vacuum-immersed in oil. The high-voltage side of the transformer is connected to the guide rod, and the low-voltage side is connected to the capacitor core. The bushing scale model is configured for defects, and offline partial discharge, capacitance, and dielectric loss are detected, and the partial discharge inception voltage is calculated. Utility Patent No. 201620110105.7 discloses a multi-structure high-voltage bushing performance assessment and testing platform. This utility model utilizes transformer oil-paper bushings, dry-type bushings, and oil-gas bushings to form a closed circuit. A high-voltage power supply simulates operating voltage, and a high-current device simulates operating load current. This test platform allows for simultaneous online monitoring and offline testing of the insulation status of various bushing structures under near-operating conditions, as well as thermal stability testing of immersed bushings under near-operating conditions. The high-voltage power supply and high-voltage current device used in this utility model patent are both external, and the insulation test described refers only to measuring local amplification under high voltage. Utility Model Patent No. 201520639083.9 discloses a transformer body and bushing simulated fault device that uses equivalent capacitance to change the original dielectric loss factors and capacitance of the transformer body and bushing to perform simulated fault testing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device.

[0005] The invention comprises an oil tank, a high-voltage bushing and a discharge model.

[0006] The oil tank is a sealed box filled with transformer oil; a transparent observation window is provided on the side wall of the oil tank, and an oil pillow is provided on the top surface; two high-voltage bushings are provided on the top of the oil tank, three drive motors are provided outside the oil tank, and multiple discharge models are provided inside the oil tank.

[0007] The high-voltage bushing includes a copper core, an upper porcelain sleeve, a lower porcelain sleeve and a voltage-equalizing ball; one end of the copper core is connected to the wiring terminal, and the other end is connected to one end of a conductive rod vertically arranged in the oil tank, and the other end of the conductive rod is insulated and connected to the bottom surface of the oil tank; the bushing end screen sensor is installed at the bushing end screen of the high-voltage bushing.

[0008] The discharge models include a surface discharge model and at least two of a tip discharge model, a suspension discharge model and an air gap discharge model; the surface discharge model corresponds to the position of the lower porcelain sleeve of the high-voltage bushing, and the tip discharge model, the suspension discharge model and the air gap discharge model correspond to the position of the conductive rod; each discharge model is connected to a corresponding handle arranged outside the oil tank through a telescopic rod, and the discharge model is moved horizontally in the oil tank by pushing and pulling the handle.

[0009] A current booster is provided on a conductive rod, and a booster and a three-way switch are provided in the fuel tank; the three-way switch controls the connection and disconnection of the three-way switch through three driving motors; two conductive heads in the three-way switch are respectively connected to the two conductive rods for conduction, and one conductive head is connected to the high-voltage output end of the secondary side of the booster.

[0010] Furthermore, each discharge model is set to be one or more.

[0011] Furthermore, the current booster is a multi-turn copper coil, both ends of the coil are connected to the wiring terminals on the oil tank wall, and the current booster is connected to an external test power supply through the wiring terminals.

[0012] Furthermore, both ends of the primary coil of the booster are connected to the wiring terminals on the wall of the fuel tank, and an external test power supply is connected through the wiring terminals.

[0013] Furthermore, the three-way switch junction includes a switch seat, which is a T-shaped metal tee, connected to the metal sleeve in three directions through insulating sleeves, and the metal sleeve is connected to the conductive head; a metal moving part is provided in the metal sleeve, and the metal moving part maintains a conductive state with the metal sleeve; a rack is fixedly provided on the metal moving part, and three pinions are respectively connected to three driving motors, and the driving motor drives the metal moving part to move in the insulating sleeve through the pinions and racks. When one end of the metal moving part moves into the switch seat, the switch seat is connected to the corresponding conductive head through the metal moving part.

[0014] The various high-voltage bushing faults simulated by this invention are identical to actual high-voltage bushing faults. The in vitro control method can simulate the electrical operating conditions of the bushing during actual operation, overheating defects of current-carrying connection components, and internal discharge defects. The onset, disappearance, aggravation, and discharge intensity of typical discharge faults, such as tip, air gap, suspension, and surface discharge, can be accurately controlled, while avoiding the tedious task of changing fault models during fault simulation. The operation is safe, simple, accurate, and efficient.

[0015] This invention can simulate the effects of different fault characteristics and discharge intensity on the insulation performance of high-voltage bushings. These characteristics can be used to derive a large amount of high-voltage bushing fault characteristic data, providing more accurate test data for detecting and diagnosing safe operating conditions. It also provides a test platform for testing or online monitoring of high-voltage bushing insulation, such as pulse current, high frequency, capacitance, and dielectric loss. Various fault types and detection methods can be repeatedly simulated, facilitating teaching and training. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a side structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the back structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 2 AA section diagram;

[0020] Figure 5 for Figure 3 BB-direction cross-sectional diagram;

[0021] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a local C enlargement;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge model installation;

[0023] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the surface discharge model in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the tip discharge model structure in the present invention;

[0025] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the suspension discharge model in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the air gap discharge model structure in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figure 1 、 2 , 3 and 4, an oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device comprises an oil tank, a high-voltage bushing and a discharge model. The oil tank 1 is a sealed box filled with transformer oil. A transparent observation window 2 is provided on the side wall of the oil tank 1, and an oil pillow 3 is provided on the top surface, which serves as a refueling port. Two high-voltage bushings 4 of the same specifications and models are arranged on the top of the oil tank, and three drive motors 5 are arranged outside the oil tank. Multiple discharge models are arranged in the oil tank, and the discharge models include a surface discharge model, and at least two of a tip discharge model, a suspension discharge model and an air gap discharge model, and each discharge model is provided in one or more. This embodiment adopts four surface discharge models (located on the upper part of the oil tank in the figure), two tip discharge models, one suspension discharge model and one air gap discharge model (located on the lower part of the oil tank in the figure).

[0029] like Figure 5As shown, the high-voltage bushing 4 includes a copper core 401, an upper porcelain sleeve 402, a lower porcelain sleeve 403 and a voltage-equalizing ball 404. The upper porcelain sleeve 402, the lower porcelain sleeve 403 and the voltage-equalizing ball 404 wrap the copper core 401 in sequence, the voltage-equalizing ball 404 is conductively connected to the copper core 401, and a flange 405 is provided between the upper porcelain sleeve 402 and the lower porcelain sleeve 403. The high-voltage bushing is provided through the top surface of the oil tank, the upper porcelain sleeve is located outside the oil tank, and the lower porcelain sleeve is located inside the oil tank. The high-voltage bushing is fixedly connected to the oil tank through the flange 405. One end of the copper core 401 is connected to the terminal 406 for conductivity, and the other end is connected to one end of the conductive rod 11 vertically arranged in the oil tank for conductivity, and the other end of the conductive rod 11 is insulated and connected to the bottom surface of the oil tank. The bushing end screen sensor 15 is installed at the bushing end screen of the high-voltage bushing.

[0030] A current booster 12 is mounted on a conductive rod 11. This current booster 12 is a multi-turn copper coil, with both ends connected to terminals on the tank wall. The terminals connect the current booster to an external test power supply. A voltage booster 13 is installed within the tank. The primary coil of this voltage booster 13 has both ends connected to terminals on the tank wall, and the secondary ground terminal is grounded. The primary coil of this voltage booster is connected to an external test power supply via terminals.

[0031] A three-way switch 14 is provided in the fuel tank. The structure of the three-way switch is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, it includes a switch base 141, which is a T-shaped metal tee. It is connected to the metal sleeve 143 through the insulating sleeve 142 in three directions. The metal sleeve 143 is connected to the conductive head 144. The two conductive heads 144 in the horizontal direction are respectively connected to the two conductive rods 11 for conduction, and the conductive head 144 in the vertical direction is connected to the high-voltage output end of the secondary side of the booster 13. A metal moving part 145 is provided in the metal sleeve 143, and the metal moving part 145 remains in a conductive state with the metal sleeve 143. A rack is fixedly provided on the metal moving part 145, and three pinions are respectively connected to three driving motors. The driving motor drives the metal moving part 145 to move in the insulating sleeve 142 through the pinions and the rack. When one end of the metal moving part 145 moves into the switch base 141, the switch base 141 is connected to the corresponding conductive head 144 through the metal moving part 145.

[0032] like Figure 4 and 7 As shown, each discharge model is connected to a corresponding handle 7 provided outside the fuel tank via a telescopic rod 6 ( Figure 7 Taking the surface discharge model 20 as an example, the telescopic rod 6 is set through the side wall of the fuel tank and is connected to the fuel tank through the support base 8. By pushing and pulling the handle 7, the discharge model is moved horizontally in the fuel tank.

[0033] The surface discharge model 20 corresponds to the lower porcelain sleeve position of the high-voltage bushing, and the tip discharge model, suspension discharge model, and air gap discharge model correspond to the position of the conductive rod 11. The surface discharge model structure is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, it includes an insulating plate 201 and conductive balls 202, and multiple conductive balls 202 are arranged in a matrix. One side of the insulating plate 201 is fixedly connected to the limit rod 9, and the other end of the limit rod 9 is connected to the telescopic rod 6. The limit rod 9 is connected in cooperation with the limit seat 10 fixedly set in the oil tank to prevent the telescopic rod 6 from rotating during the telescopic process. The other side of the insulating plate 201 is an arc surface that matches the surface of the lower porcelain sleeve, and the conductive balls 202 are embedded in the arc surface. During operation, the surface discharge model is pushed forward as a whole, the insulating plate 201 is fitted with the surface of the lower porcelain sleeve, the conductive balls 202 below the insulating plate 201 are in contact with the equalizing ball 404 (high voltage end), and the conductive balls 202 above are in contact with the flange 405 (ground end). Multiple conductive balls 202 are arranged in a matrix to form creepage and generate surface discharge. All discharge models except the surface discharge model are directly connected to the telescopic rod 6.

[0034] like Figure 9 As shown, the tip discharge model includes a fixedly connected front tube 211 and rear tube 212. The insulating material of the front and rear tubes 211 and 212 forms a discharge chamber, within which a metal needle 213 is disposed. A protrusion is provided on the end surface of the front tube 211, through which a first conductive rod 214 passes and is fixedly mounted on the end surface of the front tube 211. One end of the first conductive rod 214 is fixedly connected to and electrically connected to a metal sheet 215 within the discharge chamber, while the other end extends beyond the protrusion on the end surface of the front tube 211. A portion of the first conductive rod 214 and one end of a first metal adjustment member 217 are disposed within a first metal sleeve 216, which is fixedly connected to the protrusion on the end surface of the front tube. A first spring 218 is disposed between the first metal adjustment member 217 and the first conductive rod 214. The first metal sleeve 216, the first metal adjustment member 217, and the first conductive rod 214 are coaxially arranged. As the first metal adjustment member 217 moves forward and backward along the axis, it maintains electrical connection with the first conductive rod 214. A first metal mounting base 219 is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the rear tube 212. This base is connected to one end of the telescopic rod 6. The base of the metal needle 213 is fixedly connected and electrically connected to the first metal mounting base 219, with its tip facing the metal sheet 215. During operation, the tip discharge model is pushed forward as a whole. When the first metal adjustment member 217 contacts the conductive rod 11 (high-voltage electrode), a tip discharge occurs. During this contact between the tip discharge model and the high-voltage electrode plate, the first spring 218 cushions the pressure, protecting the model.

[0035] like Figure 10As shown, the suspended discharge model includes an insulating tube 221 and an insulating seat 222. The insulating seat 222 is fixedly connected to the open end of the insulating tube 221. The insulating tube 221 and the insulating seat 222 enclose a discharge chamber. A metal dummy 223 is located within the discharge chamber and fixedly mounted on the insulating seat 222. A protrusion is provided on the end surface of the insulating tube 221, through which a second conductive rod 224 passes. One end of the second conductive rod 224 extends into the discharge chamber, while the other end extends beyond the protrusion on the end surface of the insulating tube 221. The metal dummy 223 corresponds to the second conductive rod 224, with a gap between them. A portion of the second conductive rod 224 and one end of the second metal adjustment member 225 are located within a second metal sleeve 226, which is fixedly connected to the protrusion on the end surface of the insulating tube. A second spring 227 is provided between the second metal adjustment member 225 and the second conductive rod 224. The second metal sleeve 226, the second metal adjustment member 225, and the second conductive rod 224 are coaxially arranged. The second metal adjustment member 225 always maintains a conductive state with the second conductive rod 224 when moving forward and backward along the axis. The second metal mounting seat 228 is fixedly set on the insulating seat 222. The second metal mounting seat 228 is connected to one end of the telescopic rod 6. The second metal mounting seat 228 is insulated from the metal simulation member 223 by the insulating seat 222. During operation, the suspended discharge model is pushed forward as a whole. When the second metal adjustment member 225 contacts the conductive rod 11 (high-voltage electrode), a suspended discharge is generated. During the contact process between the suspended discharge model and the high-voltage electrode plate, the second spring 227 is used to buffer the pressure and protect the model.

[0036] like Figure 11As shown, the air-gap discharge model includes an insulating block 231, a metal rod 232, and a third conductive rod 233. The insulating block 231 is made of solid polyester with dispersed air bubbles. The metal rod 232 and the third conductive rod 233 extend from opposite sides of the insulating block 231. The heads of the metal rod 232 and the third conductive rod 233 are positioned opposite each other and insulated by the insulating block 231. Portions of the third conductive rod 233 and one end of the third metal adjustment member 234 are positioned within a third metal sleeve 235, which is fixedly connected to the insulating block 231. A third spring 236 is interposed between the third metal adjustment member 234 and the third conductive rod 233. The third metal sleeve 235, the third metal adjustment member 234, and the third conductive rod 233 are coaxially arranged. As the third metal adjustment member 234 moves forward and backward along the axis, it maintains electrical contact with the third conductive rod 233. The third metal mounting base 237 is fixedly mounted on the insulating block 231 and is fixedly connected to and electrically conductive with the metal rod 232. The third metal mounting base 237 is connected to one end of the telescopic rod 6. During operation, the air-gap discharge model is pushed forward as a whole. When the third metal adjustment member 234 contacts the conductive rod 11 (high-voltage electrode), an air-gap discharge is generated. During this contact between the air-gap discharge model and the high-voltage electrode plate, the third spring 236 provides a buffered pressure, protecting the model.

[0037] When conducting a high-voltage bushing fault simulation test, the oil tank of the high-voltage bushing fault simulation device is first reliably grounded.

[0038] When simulating the electrical operating conditions of the bushing during actual operation, the three-way switch is connected in all three directions, short-circuiting the wiring terminals of the two high-voltage bushings. This creates a closed circuit between the two high-voltage bushings, the two conductive rods, and the three-way switch. The high-voltage output of the booster is connected to this closed circuit. An external programmable booster and current booster simultaneously boost the voltage and current of both high-voltage bushings, with the booster capable of boosting voltage up to 1.5 times the rated voltage and current up to 1.5 times the rated current. The booster can be disconnected by controlling the three-way switch to boost the current independently. Alternatively, the wiring terminals of the two high-voltage bushings can be separated, and the three-way switch can be used to disconnect one side from the conductive rod, allowing the voltage of one high-voltage bushing to be boosted independently.

[0039] When simulating the overheating defect of the current-carrying connection component, the three-way switch disconnects the connection with the booster and short-circuits the wiring terminals of the two high-voltage bushings, so that the two high-voltage bushings, two conductive rods and the three-way switch form a closed loop. The external program-controlled current is increased to 1.5 times the rated current of the high-voltage bushing, causing the current-carrying connection components of the wiring terminals of the high-voltage bushing to overheat.

[0040] When simulating partial discharge defects, all three directions of the three-way switch are connected to external control to boost the voltage to the rated voltage of the high-voltage bushing.

[0041] When tip discharge is required, the tip discharge model is moved forward as a whole. When the tip discharge model contacts the high-voltage electrode, a tip discharge occurs. The bushing end-screen sensor collects the discharge signal and transmits it to the measuring instrument for analysis and processing. After the tip discharge experiment is completed, the tip discharge model is retracted to stop the discharge. The air gap, suspension, and surface discharge models are moved to control the occurrence and disappearance of air gap, suspension, and surface partial discharge faults in the high-voltage bushing. The simultaneous occurrence, disappearance, and aggravation of multiple tip, air gap, suspension, and surface partial discharge fault types can also be controlled. The discharge intensity of each type of fault discharge can be controlled by controlling the voltage boost during the pressurization process. This device is suitable for simulating other high-voltage bushing faults of different types and voltage levels.

Claims

1. An oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device, comprising an oil tank, a high-voltage bushing, and a discharge model; characterized by: The oil tank is a sealed box filled with transformer oil; a transparent observation window is provided on the side wall of the oil tank, and an oil pillow is provided on the top surface; two high-voltage bushings are provided on the top of the oil tank, three drive motors are provided outside the oil tank, and multiple discharge models are provided inside the oil tank; The high-voltage bushing includes a copper core, an upper porcelain sleeve, a lower porcelain sleeve, and a voltage-equalizing ball; one end of the copper core is connected to a terminal block, and the other end is connected to one end of a conductive rod vertically arranged in the oil tank, and the other end of the conductive rod is insulated from the bottom surface of the oil tank; the bushing end screen sensor is installed at the bushing end screen of the high-voltage bushing; The discharge models include a surface discharge model, and at least two of the following: a tip discharge model, a suspension discharge model, and an air gap discharge model. Each discharge model is provided in one or more configurations. The surface discharge model corresponds to the position of the lower porcelain sleeve of the high-voltage bushing, and the tip discharge model, the suspension discharge model, and the air gap discharge model correspond to the position of the conductive rod. Each discharge model is connected to a corresponding handle provided outside the oil tank via a telescopic rod, and the discharge model is moved horizontally within the oil tank by pushing and pulling the handle. A current booster is provided on a conductive rod, and a booster and a three-way switch are provided in the oil tank; the three-way switch controls the connection and disconnection of the three-way switch through three driving motors; two conductive heads in the three-way switch are respectively connected to the two conductive rods for conduction, and one conductive head is connected to the high-voltage output end of the secondary side of the booster; the three-way switch includes a switch seat, which is a T-shaped metal tee, which is connected to the metal sleeve through insulating sleeves in three directions, and the metal sleeve is connected to the conductive head; a metal moving part is provided in the metal sleeve, and the metal moving part remains in a conductive state with the metal sleeve; a rack is fixed on the metal moving part, and three small gears are respectively connected to three driving motors, and the driving motor drives the metal moving part to move in the insulating sleeve through the small gear and the rack. When one end of the metal moving part moves into the switch seat, the switch seat is connected to the corresponding conductive head through the metal moving part.

2. The oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current booster is a multi-turn copper coil, both ends of the coil are connected to the wiring terminals on the oil tank wall, and the current booster is connected to an external test power supply through the wiring terminals.

3. The oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the booster primary coil are connected to the wiring terminals on the fuel tank wall, and the external test power supply is connected through the wiring terminals.

4. The oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The surface discharge model includes an insulating plate and conductive balls, with multiple conductive balls arranged in a matrix; one side of the insulating plate is fixedly connected to a limit rod, and the other end of the limit rod is connected to the telescopic rod; the limit rod is cooperatively connected to a limit seat fixedly set in the oil tank to prevent the telescopic rod from rotating during the extension and retraction process; the other side of the insulating plate is an arc surface that matches the surface of the lower porcelain sleeve, and the conductive balls are embedded in the arc surface.

5. The oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The tip discharge model includes a front tube and a rear tube that are fixedly connected. The front tube and the rear tube are made of insulating material and form a discharge chamber. The metal needle is disposed in the discharge chamber. A protrusion is provided on the end surface of the front tube. A first conductive rod passes through the protrusion and is fixedly disposed on the end surface of the front tube. One end of the first conductive rod is fixedly connected to and electrically connected to a metal sheet in the discharge chamber, and the other end extends out of the protrusion on the end surface of the front tube. Part of the first conductive rod and one end of a first metal adjustment member are disposed in a first metal sleeve. The first metal sleeve is fixedly connected to the protrusion on the end surface of the front tube. A first spring is disposed between the first metal adjustment member and the first conductive rod. The first metal sleeve, the first metal adjustment member, and the first conductive rod are coaxially disposed. The first metal adjustment member always maintains electrical connection with the first conductive rod as it moves forward and backward along the axis. A first metal mounting seat is fixedly disposed on the bottom surface of the rear tube. The first metal mounting seat is connected to one end of the telescopic rod. The base of the metal needle is fixedly connected to and electrically connected to the first metal mounting seat, with the tip facing the metal sheet.

6. The oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The suspended discharge model includes an insulating tube and an insulating seat, which is fixedly connected to the open end of the insulating tube. The insulating tube and the insulating seat enclose a discharge chamber, and a metal simulation part is arranged in the discharge chamber, and the metal simulation part is fixedly arranged on the insulating seat; a protrusion is provided on the end face of the insulating tube, and the second conductive rod passes through the protrusion, one end of the second conductive rod extends into the discharge chamber, and the other end extends out of the end face protrusion of the insulating tube; the metal simulation part corresponds to the position of the second conductive rod, and there is a gap between the metal simulation part and the second conductive rod; one end of part of the second conductive rod and the second metal adjustment part is arranged in the second metal sleeve, the second metal sleeve is fixedly connected to the end face protrusion of the insulating tube, and a second spring is arranged between the second metal adjustment part and the second conductive rod; the second metal sleeve, the second metal adjustment part and the second conductive rod are coaxially arranged, and the second metal adjustment part always maintains a conductive state with the second conductive rod when it moves back and forth along the axis; the second metal mounting seat is fixedly arranged on the insulating seat, the second metal mounting seat is connected to one end of the telescopic rod, and the second metal mounting seat and the metal simulation part are insulated by the insulating seat.

7. The oil-immersed high-voltage bushing fault simulation detection device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The air-gap discharge model includes an insulating block, a metal rod, and a third conductive rod. The insulating block is made of solid polyester material with bubbles dispersed inside. The metal rod and the third conductive rod extend into the insulating block from both sides. The heads of the metal rod and the third conductive rod are arranged opposite to each other and insulated by the insulating block. Part of the third conductive rod and one end of the third metal adjustment member are arranged in a third metal sleeve. The third metal sleeve is fixedly connected to the insulating block, and a third spring is provided between the third metal adjustment member and the third conductive rod. The third metal sleeve, the third metal adjustment member, and the third conductive rod are coaxially arranged. When the third metal adjustment member moves forward and backward along the axis, it always maintains a conductive state with the third conductive rod. The third metal mounting seat is fixedly arranged on the insulating block, fixedly connected to and conductive with the metal rod, and the third metal mounting seat is connected to one end of the telescopic rod.

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