Antenna unit and antenna

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of antennas, and more particularly relates to an antenna unit and an antenna. The antenna comprises a dielectric base body, a radiation structure arranged on the dielectric base body, and a feeding structure arranged on the dielectric base body. The radiation structure comprises at least a pair of symmetrically arranged radiation units. The feeding structure comprises at least one feeding part, which comprises symmetrically arranged first and second feeding parts. The first feeding part is used for coupling feeding to one of the pair of radiation units, and the second feeding part is used for coupling feeding to the other of the pair of radiation units. The first feeding part is connected to the second feeding part, and feeding current is supplied to the geometric centers of the first and second feeding parts. The application can solve the technical problem of low gain of the existing antenna unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of antenna technology, and more specifically, relates to an antenna element and an antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Current wireless communication products increasingly emphasize lightness, thinness, shortness, and smallness, while demanding higher and higher signal penetration and coverage capabilities. This places higher demands on the gain of directional antenna units in wireless devices.

[0003] Traditional dual-polarized directional antenna elements use a single element for radiation, resulting in low gain. To increase the gain, it is necessary to add more radiating elements to form an array, which increases the antenna size and cost. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an antenna unit and an antenna to solve the technical problem of low antenna unit gain in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0006] On the one hand, an antenna element is provided, including a dielectric substrate and a radiating structure and a feeding structure disposed on the dielectric substrate;

[0007] The radiating structure includes at least a pair of symmetrically arranged radiating elements;

[0008] The feeding structure includes at least one feeding section, which includes a first feeding section and a second feeding section arranged symmetrically. The first feeding section is used to couple and feed power to one of the pair of radiating elements, and the second feeding section is used to couple and feed power to the other of the pair of radiating elements.

[0009] The first power supply unit is connected to the second power supply unit, and the geometric center of the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit is supplied with power supply current.

[0010] Optionally, the axes of symmetry of the first and second feed units are parallel to the axes of symmetry of the pair of radiation units.

[0011] Optionally, the first power supply part includes a first power supply body part and a first power supply flare part, and the second power supply part includes a second power supply body part and a second power supply flare part;

[0012] The first power supply main body is connected to the second power supply main body, the first power supply flare is connected to the end of the first power supply main body away from the second power supply main body, and the second power supply flare is connected to the end of the second power supply main body away from the first power supply main body.

[0013] Optionally, the first power supply body includes a first straight line segment and a second straight line segment connected in sequence, and the first straight line segment and the second straight line segment form a broken line structure;

[0014] The second power supply body includes a third straight segment and a fourth straight segment connected in sequence, the third straight segment and the fourth straight segment forming a broken line structure.

[0015] Optionally, the medium substrate includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other;

[0016] The radiating structure is disposed on the first surface, and the feeding structure is disposed on the second surface.

[0017] Optionally, the radiating structure and the feeding structure are arranged opposite to each other.

[0018] Optionally, the antenna element includes at least two radiating structures arranged at an angle;

[0019] The feeding structure includes at least two feeding sections, each of which is used to couple power to one of the radiating structures.

[0020] Optionally, the two radial structures are arranged vertically.

[0021] Optionally, a spacing structure is provided between adjacent radiating structures;

[0022] The spacer structure includes a spacer body and a spacer flared section, with the spacer body connected to the spacer flared section.

[0023] Optionally, the radiating unit includes a first radiating arm and a second radiating arm connected to each other, and a balun resonator is provided between the first radiating arm and the second radiating arm;

[0024] The first radiating arm and the second radiating arm are symmetrically arranged with respect to the balun resonator.

[0025] On the other hand, an antenna is provided, comprising any of the antenna elements described above.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the antenna element provided in this application are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the antenna element provided in this application includes a radiating structure and a feeding structure. The radiating structure includes a pair of symmetrically arranged radiating elements, and the feeding structure includes at least one feeding section, which includes a first feeding section and a second feeding section symmetrically arranged. The first feeding section is used to couple and feed one of the radiating elements, and the second feeding section is used to couple and feed the other radiating element. In this application, the first feeding section is connected to the second feeding section, and a feeding current is passed through the geometric center of the first feeding section and the second feeding section. Since the first feeding section and the second feeding section are symmetrical structures, the pair of radiating elements can obtain high-frequency current excitation with equal amplitude and in phase through the first feeding section and the second feeding section, respectively. The two electromagnetic waves radiated by the pair of radiating elements are superimposed in free space, resulting in enhanced amplitude and improved gain, which is far superior to the prior art. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a superimposed diagram of the overall structure of the antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the radiating structure in the antenna unit provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the feeding structure in the antenna unit provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 4 This is the radiation pattern of the antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a standing wave diagram of the antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 6 This is an antenna current distribution diagram when the feed section is arranged in the horizontal direction according to the embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 7 This is an antenna current distribution diagram when the feed section is arranged in the vertical direction according to an embodiment of this application.

[0035] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:

[0036] 100. Dielectric substrate; 101. First surface; 102. Second surface; 200. Radiation element; 201. First radiation arm; 202. Second radiation arm; 203. Balun resonator; 300. Spacing structure; 301. Spacing main body; 302. Spacing flare; 400. Feeding section; 401. First feeding section; 411. First feeding main body; 4111. First straight segment; 4112. Second straight segment; 412. First feeding flare; 402. Second feeding section; 421. Second feeding main body; 4211. Third straight segment; 4212. Fourth straight segment; 422. Second feeding flare; 403. Cutout groove; 500. Grounding pad; 501. First grounding pad; 502. Second grounding pad; 503. Through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0038] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0039] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0040] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0041] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 3 The antenna element provided in the embodiments of this application will now be described. The antenna element includes a dielectric substrate 100 and a radiating structure and a feeding structure disposed on the dielectric substrate 100.

[0042] It is understood that the dielectric substrate 100 in this embodiment serves as the supporting substrate for the radiating structure and the feeding structure. The dielectric substrate 100 can be made of materials conventionally used in the art, such as polytetrafluoroethylene composite materials or epoxy resin glass fiber materials commonly used in the art. The shape of the dielectric substrate 100 is not limited and can be a circular, rectangular, square, or polygonal shape commonly used in the art, and can be a plate structure or a strip structure, etc. For ease of explanation, when describing this embodiment and other embodiments of this application, the dielectric substrate 100 is described using a square plate structure as an example. It should also be noted that the thickness of the dielectric substrate 100 in this embodiment is not limited and can be flexibly designed according to actual operating conditions.

[0043] In this embodiment, the function of the radiating structure is to convert the input high-frequency current signal into an electromagnetic signal that propagates in free space, thereby radiating electromagnetic waves into space. Specifically, the radiating structure, by acquiring the high-frequency current excitation from the feeding structure, will generate outward-radiating electromagnetic waves in space. In this embodiment, the radiating structure is configured to include at least a pair of symmetrically arranged radiating units 200. It is understood that in some other embodiments, the radiating structure may also include two pairs of radiating units 200, or the radiating structure may include multiple pairs of radiating units 200. In these embodiments with two or more pairs of radiating units 200, each pair of radiating units 200 is symmetrically arranged. The significance of symmetrical arrangement of a pair of radiating units 200 in this embodiment is that when the symmetrically arranged pair of radiating units 200 receives the same current excitation, they can radiate two beams of electromagnetic waves with equal amplitude and phase in space. The two beams of electromagnetic waves with equal amplitude and phase will superimpose in space, thereby enhancing the radiation amplitude of the electromagnetic waves and achieving the technical effect of improving gain. In this embodiment, the symmetrical arrangement of a pair of radiating units 200 means that the pair of radiating units 200 have the same shape or structure and are symmetrical along a certain direction. For example, the pair of radiating units 200 have the same length, width, and thickness. For instance, in this embodiment, the pair of radiating units 200 can be configured as identical circular, rectangular, triangular, or polygonal sheets and symmetrically arranged along a certain direction.

[0044] Typically, the radiating structure described in this embodiment is configured as a sheet structure and attached to one side surface of the dielectric substrate 100. In the art, some dielectric substrates 100 have a pre-formed metal thin-layer structure on their surface. Therefore, in this embodiment, the radiating structure can also be formed by etching on the metal thin layer of the dielectric substrate 100. Both of these methods of forming the radiating structure have the same technical effect as this embodiment. It is understood that other processes in the art for forming radiating structures on the dielectric substrate 100 also have the same technical effect as this embodiment and should be considered as variations of this embodiment and fall within the protection scope of this application; further details will not be provided.

[0045] The power supply structure includes at least one power supply section 400. In this embodiment, the function of the power supply section 400 is to provide high-frequency current excitation for the radiation structure. Each pair of radiation structures requires at least one power supply section 400 to provide high-frequency excitation current. It can be understood that in this embodiment, there may also be two or more power supply sections 400, which are used together to provide high-frequency current excitation for the same radiation structure. In the aforementioned embodiments where there are two or more pairs of radiation structures, there may also be two or more power supply sections 400. The number of radiation structures can correspond one-to-one with the number of power supply sections 400, or the number of power supply sections 400 may be greater than the number of multiple pairs of radiation units 200 provided in the radiation structure. This includes a pair of radiation units 200 corresponding to at least two power supply sections 400. The number of power supply sections 400 can be flexibly set according to actual performance requirements.

[0046] In this embodiment, the power supply unit 400 includes a first power supply unit 401 and a second power supply unit 402 symmetrically arranged. The first power supply unit 401 is used to couple power to one of the pair of radiating elements 200, and the second power supply unit 402 is used to couple power to the other of the pair of radiating elements 200. To achieve this, in this embodiment, the geometric centers of the first power supply unit 401 and the second power supply unit 402 can be located in a plane containing the symmetrical axis of the pair of radiating elements 200, and this plane is perpendicular to the direction from one radiating element 200 to the other radiating element 200. Thus, the first power supply unit 401, located on one side of this plane, is used to couple power to one of the pair of radiating elements 200, while the second power supply unit 402 is used to couple power to the other of the pair of radiating elements 200. Further, the first power supply unit 401 is connected to the second power supply unit 402, and the geometric center of the first power supply unit 401 and the second power supply unit 402 is used to supply power to the other.

[0047] Similar to a radiating structure, the feeding structure described in this embodiment can be configured as a sheet structure attached to one side surface of the dielectric substrate 100, or it can be formed by etching a thin metal layer on the dielectric substrate 100. It is understood that other commonly used processes in the art can also be employed to form the feeding structure on the dielectric substrate 100 in this embodiment, which will not be elaborated further. It is also worth noting that the first feeding section 401 and the second feeding section 402 in this embodiment can be selected as microstrip feed lines commonly used in the art for feeding antenna elements. The symmetrical arrangement of the first feeding section 401 and the second feeding section 402 means that they have the same length, width, and thickness. The shape of the microstrip feed line is not limited; it can be a strip-shaped structure or a sheet-like structure commonly used in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the first feeding section 401 and the second feeding section 402 are each selected as a section of metal microstrip feed line and have the same shape.

[0048] See Figure 4 According to the radiation and feeding structures provided in this embodiment, during use, a feeding current signal is supplied to the geometric center of the first feeding section 401 and the second feeding section 402. Since the first feeding section 401 and the second feeding section 402 are connected to this geometric center, a portion of the feeding current flows to the first feeding section 401, exciting one of the pair of radiation units 200 in a coupled manner, while the other portion of the feeding current flows to the second feeding section 402, exciting the other of the pair of radiation units 200 in a coupled manner. In this embodiment, the first feeding section 401 and the second feeding section 402 are symmetrical structures, so the first feeding section 401 and the second feeding section 402 will receive the same feeding current, further enabling the pair of radiation units 200 to receive the same current signal excitation, forming two electromagnetic waves of equal amplitude and in phase in space, which can be superimposed and mutually amplified, significantly improving the propagation range and propagation intensity of the electromagnetic waves. Optionally, in this embodiment, a high-frequency current transmitter can be connected to the geometric center of the feeding structure and input high-frequency current to the first feeding section 401 and the second feeding section 402.

[0049] It is understood that in this embodiment, the axes of symmetry of the first feed section 401 and the second feed section 402 can be the same as or different from the axes of symmetry of the pair of radiating elements 200, but it must be ensured that the first feed section 401 and the second feed section 402 feed the pair of radiating elements 200 respectively. For example, the axes of symmetry of the first feed section 401 and the second feed section 402 can be set at an angle to the axes of symmetry of the pair of radiating elements 200. According to this structure, the effective lengths of the first feed section 401 and the second feed section 402 coupled to the radiating elements 200 remain the same. Therefore, the pair of radiating elements 200 can also obtain the same feed current, thereby enabling the pair of radiating elements 200 to radiate two electromagnetic waves of equal amplitude and phase into space, and achieving the high gain technical effect of the antenna element provided in this embodiment.

[0050] See Figures 5 to 7 Through the structural arrangement of the antenna element in this embodiment, the performance parameters of the antenna element, such as impedance characteristics, antenna gain, VSWR, and 3dB beamwidth, can meet the requirements, thereby obtaining a low-cost, high-communication-efficiency, and easily debuggable high-gain antenna element. Figure 5 This is the standing wave ratio (SWR) diagram of this embodiment. The diagram shows that the antenna element has a low SWR within the 3–4.2 GHz passband, good impedance matching, and a relatively wide bandwidth. The antenna element gain of this application can reach 10 dBi, which is 3 dBi higher than that of a conventional antenna radiating element 200; the SWR is less than 1.5; the relative bandwidth is above 60%; and the characteristic impedance is 50 Ω. The antenna element connector can be an IPX connector with RF shielding, and the shielding length is selectable. It is understood that the antenna element provided in this embodiment can be used as a standalone antenna or as a radiating element in a multi-element array antenna.

[0051] In another embodiment of this application, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The axes of symmetry of the first feed section 401 and the second feed section 402 are parallel to the axes of symmetry of the pair of radiating elements 200. Thus, the entire first feed section 401 and the entire second feed section 402 can be effectively coupled with the radiating elements 200. Compared with the embodiment in which the axes of symmetry of the first feed section 401 and the second feed section 402 are set at an angle to the axes of symmetry of the pair of radiating elements 200, the corresponding positional relationship of the first feed section 401, the second feed section 402 and the pair of radiating elements 200 provided in this embodiment can more effectively exert the excitation effect of the feed section 400 and maximize the gain effect of the antenna element.

[0052] Understandably, on the plane where the geometric center of the power supply section 400 is located, there are countless positions where the axes of symmetry of the first power supply section 401 and the second power supply section 402 are parallel to the axes of symmetry of the pair of radiation units 200. For example, the power supply section 400 can be positioned above, below, in front of, or behind the radiation units 200, all of which can maximize the excitation effect of the power supply section 400. In practical scenarios, it can be flexibly set according to the working conditions, which will not be elaborated further.

[0053] In another embodiment of this application, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The first power supply unit 401 includes a first power supply main body 411 and a first power supply flare 412. The second power supply unit 402 includes a second power supply main body 421 and a second power supply flare 422. The first power supply main body 411 is connected to the second power supply main body 421. The first power supply flare 412 is connected to the end of the first power supply main body 411 away from the second power supply main body 421. The second power supply flare 422 is connected to the end of the second power supply main body 421 away from the first power supply main body 411. In this embodiment, since the first power supply section 401 and the second power supply section 402 are symmetrical structures, it can be understood that the shape of the first power supply main body section 411 is the same as the shape of the second power supply main body section 421, and the shape of the first power supply flared section 412 is the same as the shape of the second power supply flared section 422. Therefore, the sum of the length or width of the first power supply main body section 411 and the first power supply flared section 412 is the same as the sum of the length or width of the second power supply main body section 421 and the second power supply flared section 422.

[0054] In this embodiment, the meaning of setting the first feed section 401 flared portion and the second feed section flared portion 422 is that the width of the first feed section flared portion 412 is set to be larger than that of the first feed body section 411, and the width of the second feed section flared portion 422 is larger than that of the first feed body section 411. The first feed body section 411 and the second feed body section 421 can be in the shape of a straight line segment, an arc segment, or a broken line segment. One end of the first feed body section 411 and the second feed body section 421 are connected. The first feed section flared portion 412 is connected to the end of the first feed body section 411, and the second feed section flared portion 422 is connected to the end of the second feed body section 421. The second feed section flared portion 422 can be in the shape of a circle, rectangle, sector, triangle, or other polygon. By using the above-described structure of the first power supply flare 412 and the second power supply flare 422, the capacitive reactance of the power supply section 400 can be increased and the bandwidth improved.

[0055] For example, in this embodiment, the shapes of the first feed body 411 and the second feed body 421 can be straight segments, and the shapes of the first feed flare 412 and the second feed flare 422 can be gradient fan-shaped structures. The gradient fan-shaped structure has a wider end and a narrower end, with a gradually changing width from the wider end to the narrower end. In this embodiment, the narrower end of the fan-shaped structure is connected to either the first feed body 411 or the second feed body 421 to increase capacitive reactance and improve bandwidth. The significance of using a gradient fan-shaped design for the first feed flare 412 and the second feed flare 422 in this embodiment is that it can gradually increase capacitive reactance and bandwidth, resulting in better performance compared to structures with other shapes.

[0056] In another embodiment of this application, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 Both the first power supply main body 411 and the second power supply main body 421 are configured as polygonal segment structures. Specifically, the first power supply main body 411 includes a first straight segment 4111 and a second straight segment 4112 arranged in a straight line shape, and the second power supply main body 421 includes a third straight segment 4211 and a fourth straight segment 4212 arranged in a straight line shape. The fact that the first power supply main body 401 and the second power supply main body 402 are configured as straight lines facilitates control over the length and width of the first power supply main body 411 and the second power supply main body 421. Furthermore, configuring the first power supply main body 411 and the second power supply main body 421 as polygonal segment structures can further increase the length of the first power supply main body 401 and the second power supply main body 402.

[0057] In this embodiment, the first straight line segment 4111 and the second straight line segment 4112 can be set at an angle to form a broken line segment structure, and the third straight line segment 4211 and the fourth straight line segment 4212 can be set at an angle to form a broken line segment structure. As a preferred embodiment, in this embodiment, the first straight line segment 4111 is set to be perpendicular to the second straight line segment 4112, and the third straight line segment 4211 is set to be perpendicular to the fourth straight line segment 4212. In general, the overall structure of the power supply section 400 provided in this embodiment is configured such that one end of the first straight segment 4111 and the third straight segment 4211 are connected to each other, one end of the second straight segment 4112 is connected to the first straight segment 4111, the other end of the second straight segment 4112 is connected to the first power supply flare 412, one end of the fourth straight segment 4212 is connected to the third straight segment 4211, and the other end of the fourth straight segment 4212 is connected to the second power supply flare 422. Based on the above-described overall structure of the first power supply section 401 and the second power supply section 402, the technical effects of increasing capacitive reactance and improving bandwidth can be further achieved.

[0058] In another embodiment of this application, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 The dielectric substrate 100 includes a first surface 101 and a second surface 102 arranged opposite to each other. The radiating structure is disposed on the first surface 101, and the feeding structure is disposed on the second surface 102. The shapes of the first surface 101 and the second surface 102 are not limited and can be circular, rectangular, or polygonal, respectively. As can be seen from the previous embodiments, the dielectric substrate 100 serves as the carrier of the radiating and feeding structures, and its shape is not limited. The aforementioned embodiments all use a square-shaped plate structure as an example for the dielectric substrate 100. In this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 100 can also be described using a square-shaped plate structure. Specifically, in this embodiment, the dielectric substrate 100 is configured to have a first surface 101 and a second surface 102 arranged opposite to each other and in a square shape. The radiating structure and the feeding structure are respectively disposed on the first surface 101 and the second surface 102. According to this structure, the antenna unit provided in this embodiment can effectively reduce the space occupied, making the antenna unit miniaturized.

[0059] Based on the embodiment where the dielectric substrate 100 is configured to include a first surface 101 and a second surface 102 arranged opposite to each other, in another embodiment of this application, the radiating structure and the feeding structure are further arranged opposite to each other. It is understood that the opposite arrangement of the radiating structure and the feeding structure means that the radiating structure is located directly above or below the feeding structure. This structure allows for better miniaturization of the antenna element, enabling the antenna element provided in this embodiment to achieve both miniaturization and high gain.

[0060] In another embodiment of this application, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The provided antenna element includes at least two radiating structures arranged at an angle. In this embodiment, the feeding structure includes at least two feeding sections 400, and each feeding section 400 is used to couple and feed one radiating structure. It is understood that in other embodiments, the antenna element may also include multiple radiating structures arranged at an angle, and the feeding structure may also include multiple feeding sections 400. It is worth noting that the number of feeding sections 400 should be greater than the number of radiating structures to ensure that each radiating structure is coupled and fed through at least one feeding section 400.

[0061] As is generally known in the art, each feed section 400 should be individually configured to avoid short circuits that could affect the feeding effect. Therefore, in an antenna element with at least two feed section 400 structures, to prevent the two feed section 400 structures from connecting to each other, a portion of one feed section 400 may penetrate the interior of the dielectric substrate 100 to bypass the other feed section 400. In some embodiments, if the dielectric substrate 100 is a plate-like structure with a relatively thin thickness, a portion of the feed section 400 may also penetrate the entire dielectric substrate 100 to bypass the other feed sections 400. However, in these embodiments, it should be noted that an insulating structure should be provided between the feed section 400 and the radiating structure to prevent them from forming an electrical connection. For example, a cutoff groove 403 may be provided between the feed section 400 and the radiating structure to separate them. Of course, the power supply unit 400 can also take other forms to prevent short circuits between each other, and all of them should be considered as a variation of this embodiment and are within the protection scope of this application, which will not be elaborated here.

[0062] Based on the above-described structure of the antenna unit, the antenna unit in this embodiment can radiate electromagnetic waves in at least two directions in space, greatly increasing the radiation range of the antenna unit and achieving better spatial radiation effect.

[0063] Based on the aforementioned embodiment where the antenna unit has two radiating structures, another embodiment of this application can be found here. Figure 1 and Figure 2 Preferably, the two radiating structures are arranged perpendicularly to each other. Specifically, a pair of radiating elements 200 in one radiating structure can be arranged horizontally, while a pair of radiating elements 200 in the other radiating structure can be arranged vertically. The pair of radiating elements 200 arranged horizontally are excited by a coupled feeding section 400 to obtain high-frequency signals of equal amplitude and phase, which are then superimposed in free space to improve gain. The pair of radiating elements 200 arranged vertically are excited by a coupled feeding section 400 to obtain high-frequency signals of equal amplitude and phase, which are then superimposed in free space to improve gain. Through the above-described preferred arrangement of the radiating structures, the antenna unit provided in this embodiment can obtain high-gain high-frequency radiated signals in both the horizontal and vertical directions, resulting in not only stronger but also wider radiated signals, which can well meet the market requirements for the antenna unit's signal penetration and coverage capabilities.

[0064] Based on the aforementioned embodiment where the antenna unit has at least two radiating structures, in another embodiment of this application, please refer to [link to embodiment]. Figure 1 and Figure 2An interlayer structure 300 is provided between adjacent radiating structures. The interlayer structure 300 is a spatial separation between each radiating structure. The significance of providing the interlayer structure 300 is twofold: firstly, to separate the radiating structures and prevent them from interfering with each other; secondly, the interlayer structure 300 can also be used to adjust the overall impedance of the antenna element and improve the bandwidth. In this embodiment, the interlayer structure 300 is specifically configured to include an interlayer main body 301 and an interlayer flared part 302, with the interlayer main body 301 connected to the interlayer flared part 302.

[0065] In this embodiment, the spacing main body 301 and the spacing flared part 302 are configured such that the width of the spacing flared part 302 is greater than the width of the spacing main body 301. The spacing main body 301 can be a straight line segment, an arc segment, or a broken line segment. The spacing flared part 302 is connected to one end of the spacing main body 301 and can be circular, rectangular, fan-shaped, triangular, or other polygonal shapes. In a preferred embodiment, the spacing main body 301 is selected as a straight gap, and the spacing flared part 302 is configured as a gradually changing fan-shaped opening. Through the above-described structural configuration of the spacing main body 301 and the spacing flared part 302, the overall impedance does not change rapidly with frequency, thus improving bandwidth. Since the width and length of the spacing structure 300 both affect bandwidth and resonant frequency, this embodiment further limits the width of the spacing structure 300. The width of the spacing main body 301 is set to within 3mm or 2mm, resulting in better technical performance.

[0066] In another embodiment of this application, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The radiating element 200 is configured to include a first radiating arm 201 and a second radiating arm 202 connected to each other. The first radiating arm 201 and the second radiating arm 202 constitute a dipole radiating element 200. In this embodiment, the shapes of the first radiating arm 201 and the second radiating arm 202 are not limited and can be flexibly set according to the shape of the dielectric substrate. A balun resonator 203 is disposed between the first radiating arm 201 and the second radiating arm 202, and the first radiating arm 201 and the second radiating arm 202 are symmetrically arranged about the balun resonator 203. The significance of setting the balun resonator 203 in this embodiment is that it plays a role in expanding the bandwidth and tuning the impedance. The balun resonator 203 can be selected to be a long and thin strip. Specifically, in the antenna element provided in this embodiment, the length of the balun resonator 203 is limited to 1 / 4 wavelength of the preset frequency band, and the width is 1 mm.

[0067] In another embodiment of this application, please refer to Figures 1 to 3The provided antenna element also includes a grounding pad 500. Specifically, a first grounding pad 501 is provided on the radiating structure, and a second grounding pad 502 is provided on the feeding structure. By electrically connecting the first grounding pad 501 and the second grounding pad 502, the antenna element provided in this embodiment can be grounded, significantly improving the service life of the antenna element. In the aforementioned embodiment with a balun resonator 203, the grounding pad 500 is preferably located in the extension direction of the balun resonator 203 to avoid affecting the antenna radiation. It can be understood that in the aforementioned embodiment where the radiating structure and the feeding structure are located on two surfaces opposite to the dielectric substrate 100, a through-hole 503 can be provided on the dielectric substrate 100, and a core wire can be inserted into the through-hole 503 to connect the first grounding pad 501 and the second grounding pad 502. This not only ensures safety but also makes the antenna element structure provided in this embodiment more integrated, conforming to the characteristics of antenna element miniaturization.

[0068] On the other hand, embodiments of this application also provide an antenna, including the antenna element provided in any of the foregoing embodiments. Through the superposition of two electromagnetic waves radiated by a pair of radiating elements 200 in the aforementioned antenna element in free space, the antenna in this embodiment can form a high-gain electromagnetic wave in space and has the characteristic of miniaturization. Optionally, the antenna may include multiple antenna elements, and the multiple antenna elements can form a linear array along a certain direction or a circular array along a circumferential direction, which can also improve the radiation gain of the antenna to a certain extent, resulting in a further gain effect.

[0069] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna element, characterized in that, include: The dielectric substrate and the radiating structure and the feeding structure disposed on the dielectric substrate; The radiating structure includes at least a pair of symmetrically arranged radiating elements; The feeding structure includes at least one feeding section, which includes a first feeding section and a second feeding section arranged symmetrically. The first feeding section is used to couple and feed power to one of the pair of radiating elements, and the second feeding section is used to couple and feed power to the other of the pair of radiating elements. The first feed section is connected to the second feed section, and the geometric center of the first feed section and the second feed section is supplied with feed current; The first power supply section includes a first power supply main body and a first power supply flare, and the second power supply section includes a second power supply main body and a second power supply flare; wherein the first power supply flare and the second power supply flare are in the shape of a gradient fan-shaped structure; wherein the gradient fan-shaped structure has a wider end and a narrower end and has a gradient width from the wider end to the narrower end, and the narrower end of the fan-shaped structure is connected to the first power supply main body or the second power supply main body to increase capacitive reactance and improve bandwidth; The first power supply main body is connected to the second power supply main body, the first power supply flare is connected to the end of the first power supply main body away from the second power supply main body, and the second power supply flare is connected to the end of the second power supply main body away from the first power supply main body. The first power supply body includes a first straight line segment and a second straight line segment connected in sequence, and the first straight line segment and the second straight line segment form a broken line structure; The second power supply body includes a third straight segment and a fourth straight segment connected in sequence, the third straight segment and the fourth straight segment forming a broken line structure; The antenna element includes at least two radiating structures arranged at an angle; The feeding structure includes at least two feeding sections, each of which is used to couple and feed one of the radiating structures. An interlayer structure is provided between adjacent radial structures; The spacing structure includes a main body and a flared opening, with the main body connected to the flared opening. The main body is a straight gap, and the flared opening is a gradually changing fan-shaped opening. The radiation unit includes a first radiation arm and a second radiation arm connected to each other, and a balun resonator is provided between the first radiation arm and the second radiation arm. The first radiating arm and the second radiating arm are symmetrically arranged about the balun resonator; wherein the balun resonator is used to expand the bandwidth and tune the impedance, and the width of the balun resonator is 1 mm.

2. The antenna element as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The axes of symmetry of the first and second feed units are parallel to the axes of symmetry of the pair of radiation units.

3. The antenna element as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The medium substrate includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other; The radiating structure is disposed on the first surface, and the feeding structure is disposed on the second surface.

4. The antenna element as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The radiating structure and the feeding structure are arranged opposite to each other.

5. The antenna element as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The two radiation structures are arranged perpendicularly.

6. An antenna, characterized in that: It includes the antenna element as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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