Drilling and tapping multi-station machining center

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-station machining center for drilling and tapping, which mainly includes: a fast and precise positioning fixture: a slide block driven by a cylinder is used to realize fast and precise positioning of a workpiece, with high positioning accuracy and short positioning time. Connecting shaft transmission: the two ends of the connecting shaft are respectively connected to the fast and precise positioning fixture to realize synchronous driving of the fixture. Synchronous positioning mechanism: the positioning frame and the upper positioning member fixed under the connecting shaft realize synchronous and precise positioning of other parts except the two end surfaces. The height and size design of the upper positioning member realize two-stage fast positioning and all-round coverage, and provide space for the machining tool. Double rack transmission assembly: realize automatic switching of a fixed toothed belt and an elastic sliding toothed belt. The fixed toothed belt can be automatically engaged and separated, and the elastic sliding toothed belt is kept engaged with the fourth transmission gear to provide subsequent driving force. Anti-reversal mechanism: a ratchet mechanism is used to realize one-way transmission and self-unlocking of the indexing plate. The unlocking member is provided with a ratchet reset spring, which automatically resets and provides support.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of parts processing related equipment, in particular to a drilling and tapping integrated multi-station processing center. Background Art

[0002] The drilling and tapping multi-station machining center can improve the machining efficiency of parts because it has multiple stations. Multi-station machining centers are often equipped with a turntable workbench, and a number of fixtures with equal angles are set on the edge of the turntable workbench. The workpiece is clamped in these fixtures by pneumatic clamps. The workpiece to be processed rotates in different stations during the rotation of the workbench to complete the machining of different parts of the workpiece.

[0003] The existing integrated drilling and tapping multi-station machining centers currently widely use rotary pneumatic joints for the air supply of pneumatic clamps during the rotation and displacement process. However, the current air pipes, distribution valves or pneumatic joints are set on the workbench, which are inevitably contaminated by waste chips or cutting fluids, affecting the performance and life of these pneumatic components, and are difficult to clean. Invention patent application publication number CN 115401457 A A drilling and tapping flying surface combination machine proposes to arrange the distribution valve or pneumatic joint under the turntable workbench, but it cannot avoid the air pipe remaining on the workbench, and although the distribution valve or pneumatic joint is set under the workbench, it is still located in the processing area, and it cannot completely avoid the contamination of cutting waste and cutting fluid.

[0004] Especially for complex workpieces that need to be clamped in multiple locations, more rotary pneumatic joints are needed to supply air. Figure 5 The hinged support 001 in the miter saw is a component used to pivot the lower base and the upper swing arm in the miter saw, and its function is to make the upper swing arm rotate around an axis relative to the base. It has two coaxial and separate discs y1 and a connecting piece y2 connecting the two discs. The two discs are used to connect the swing arm, and the connecting piece is connected to the base. There are mounting holes in the center of the disc and the connecting piece. The holes in the two discs must be concentric. The parts other than the holes of the two discs are connected to the outer surface by multiple ribs. The height of the ribs is lower than the two end faces of the two discs on both sides. This part is generally cast as a blank and then machined. In order to improve processing efficiency, drilling and tapping integrated multi-station machining center is often used for processing. This type of part requires self-centering multi-directional clamping.

[0005] If only the connecting piece y2 is clamped for this type of parts, large cutting vibration will be generated when processing the disc, and the clamping position is remote. If only the outer or inner end face of the disc is clamped, it is difficult to obtain sufficient clamping rigidity. If the disc is clamped in the radial position, the concentricity of the two discs is difficult to ensure. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a drilling and tapping multi-station machining center, which realizes highly automated and high-precision workpiece clamping and positioning and drilling and tapping processing by adopting fast and precise positioning fixtures, connecting shaft transmission, synchronous positioning mechanism, double rack transmission assembly, anti-reversal mechanism, and horizontal and vertical drilling and tapping machines. The machining center has significant advantages such as high degree of automation, high positioning accuracy, high work efficiency, strong versatility and high system flexibility.

[0007] The invention objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a drilling and tapping integrated multi-station machining center, characterized in that: the machining center comprises: a dividing plate; a multi-station workbench fixedly arranged around the outer periphery of the dividing plate; a plurality of quick clamping and positioning fixtures arranged on the dividing plate; drilling and tapping machines respectively fixed on the multi-station workbench, and a manipulator providing loading and unloading services;

[0008] The quick clamping and positioning fixture comprises: a base body located above the indexing plate and detachably connected to the base body; a component mounting portion vertically arranged at one end of the base body; a self-centering support mechanism movably installed in the component mounting portion; a coaxial threaded through hole located on the indexing plate and directly below each self-centering support mechanism; a transmission sleeve threadedly connected to the threaded through hole; a working sleeve sleeved in the transmission sleeve; a third transmission gear located below the indexing plate and coaxially fixedly connected to the transmission sleeve; and an anti-reversal mechanism coaxially fixedly connected to the third transmission gear;

[0009] The self-centering supporting mechanism comprises two camshafts that are coaxially rotatably connected, wherein a driving gear ring is clamped on the outer periphery of one of the camshafts, and after the driving gear ring is selected to be clamped with one of the camshafts, the other camshaft is fixed to the component mounting portion;

[0010] During operation, the workpiece enters the self-centering support mechanism in a corresponding posture under the clamping of the manipulator, and the driving gear ring rotates under external power, which drives a camshaft to rotate. Under the action of the cam surface, the two camshafts extend outward synchronously; the part to be clamped of the workpiece is clamped, and the telescopic part of the power source withdraws; the machining center starts the turntable to convert the workstation, and the corresponding drilling and tapping machine processes the workpiece until all the processes are completed; finally, the manipulator picks up and unloads the workpiece at the unloading station.

[0011] Preferably, the quick clamping and positioning fixture also includes a transmission assembly that passes through the base and is located on one side of the self-centering support mechanism; the transmission assembly includes: a first transmission gear meshing with a driving gear ring; a second transmission gear meshing with a third transmission gear; a connecting shaft fixedly connected to the first transmission gear and the second transmission gear; and a main body arranged at a unloading station of a multi-station workbench, wherein the telescopic part can enter or move away from the area below the dividing plate, and the telescopic part can engage and separate with the second transmission gear.

[0012] Effects of the optimal technical solution:

[0013] 1. The transmission assembly adopts mechanical transmission to replace the pneumatic transmission in the prior art, including the first transmission gear, the second transmission gear and the connecting shaft. The first transmission gear meshes with the driving gear ring to drive the self-centering support mechanism; the second transmission gear meshes with the third transmission gear to drive the rise of the working sleeve and the rotation of the positioning frame. This mechanical transmission method avoids pneumatic components, is not easily contaminated by chips, improves positioning accuracy and service life, and reduces maintenance difficulty;

[0014] 2. The power source uses a motor to drive the second transmission gear to achieve automation. The telescopic part of the power source can enter or move away from the area below the indexing plate, and can engage and disengage with the second transmission gear. This design simplifies the operating steps, realizes the fully automatic workpiece clamping and loosening process, and greatly improves work efficiency;

[0015] 3. The design of the transmission components and power source makes the quick clamping and positioning fixture a modular and standardized component, which is easy to repair and replace. It also facilitates the customized design of the quick clamping and positioning fixture to meet the needs of different workpieces. These have improved the versatility, flexibility and reliability of the machining center;

[0016] 4. The design of mechanical transmission and automatic control can avoid pollution sources such as chips and liquids, is not prone to malfunction, has high precision, long service life, convenient maintenance and lower cost. These advantages meet the requirements of modern machining centers for high speed, high precision and low cost.

[0017] Preferably, the ends of the two camshafts away from the center both have conical surfaces.

[0018] Effects of the optimal technical solution:

[0019] 1. The conical surface design makes the two camshafts contact the two end surfaces of the workpiece when they extend outward under the drive, producing a pre-positioning effect; then the cam surface further pushes the two camshafts to continue to extend outward, achieving the final clamping and positioning of the workpiece, playing a role in stabilizing the workpiece. This two-stage positioning method first achieves rapid pre-positioning, and then achieves precise clamping and positioning, greatly improving the speed and accuracy of workpiece clamping;

[0020] 2. The conical surface design has a self-centering function. No matter there is a certain deviation between the two end faces of the workpiece and the axis of the camshaft, the conical surface can also realize the automatic centering of the end face of the workpiece and the axis, simplifying the requirements for workpiece placement and enhancing the applicability of the system. This self-centering positioning method avoids manual intervention, reduces errors and improves the level of automation;

[0021] 3. The larger surface area of ​​the conical surface is conducive to distributing the load of the workpiece, preventing local excessive stress from causing deformation or damage to the workpiece. This design is conducive to ensuring the accuracy and quality of the workpiece after processing;

[0022] 4. The conical surface design has a smaller space, which is conducive to the miniaturization design of quick clamping and positioning fixtures, which is also an important feature of modern automation equipment.

[0023] In summary, the conical surface design is an extremely ideal structural form of the self-centering support mechanism, which realizes fast and stable workpiece positioning and clamping, and has the advantages of self-centering, deformation prevention, and miniaturization.

[0024] Preferably, the two camshafts are an upper camshaft and a lower camshaft, the minimum net height between the two after retracting is smaller than the part to be clamped of the workpiece, and a gap larger than the size of the part to be clamped of the workpiece is left between the lower camshaft and the working sleeve.

[0025] Effects of the optimal technical solution:

[0026] 1. The heights of the upper camshaft and the lower camshaft are retracted to avoid the inner area of ​​the two end surfaces of the workpiece. This design leaves enough space for loading and unloading the workpiece, making it easier to load and unload the workpiece;

[0027] 2. The minimum clear dimension between the upper camshaft and the lower camshaft is smaller than the width of the workpiece processing area. This design can maximize the stability of workpiece clamping and provide the best workpiece positioning reference for subsequent processing;

[0028] 3. The gap between the lower camshaft and the working sleeve is larger than the part to be clamped, providing sufficient movement space for the workpiece to enter and exit the workpiece processing area;

[0029] 4. The reasonable matching of the two camshafts can be freely adjusted to meet the processing requirements of workpieces of different shapes and sizes. This greatly enhances the applicability and flexibility of this technical solution.

[0030] Preferably, a synchronous positioning mechanism is arranged by utilizing a connecting shaft in each quick clamping and positioning fixture, and the synchronous positioning mechanism comprises: a through hole is arranged at the axis center of the connecting shaft, an inscribed shaft which can rotate tightly and partially protrudes at both ends is arranged in the through hole, a fourth transmission gear is fixed at the lower end of the inscribed shaft, one end of the fourth transmission gear is fixed at the upper end of the inscribed shaft and the other end is sleeved on a positioning frame which is located at the outer periphery of the connecting shaft, and an upper positioning member is fixed on the positioning frame.

[0031] Effects of the optimal technical solution:

[0032] 1. The inscribed shaft is set in the through hole of the connecting shaft, with both ends partially protruding, one end is connected to the transmission assembly through the fourth transmission gear, and the other end drives the upper positioning member to move through the positioning frame. This design realizes the synchronous rotation of the positioning frame and the upper positioning member, and synchronously positions the other parts of the workpiece except the two end faces, thereby improving the positioning accuracy and stability of the workpiece;

[0033] 2. The shape and position of the positioning frame and the upper positioning member can be customized according to the specific shape of the workpiece, which enhances the applicability of the technical solution and can meet the positioning requirements of different workpieces.

[0034] Preferably, the height of the upper positioning member should exceed the height of the workpiece in the clamping state, and the size of the upper positioning member when entering the working position needs to cover at least most of the workpiece disc, while leaving space for the processing tool to enter and exit at the center position.

[0035] Effects of the optimal technical solution:

[0036] 1. The height of the upper positioning member exceeds the height of the workpiece when it is in the clamping state, so that the upper positioning member can first come to the top of the workpiece without touching the workpiece during the process of moving toward the workpiece under driving, so as to produce a pre-positioning effect;

[0037] 2. The size of the upper positioning piece when entering the working position at least covers the majority of the workpiece disc, which can make the upper positioning piece have a larger positioning coverage area for the workpiece disc, thereby achieving all-round positioning of the workpiece disc and providing the best workpiece positioning reference for the processing of the workpiece disc. This design is conducive to improving the accuracy requirements of the workpiece disc after processing;

[0038] 3. Leave space for the machining tool to enter and exit at the center of the upper positioning part, which avoids the upper positioning part from interfering with the machining tool when it moves toward the workpiece under drive, thus affecting the normal operation of the machining tool. This is crucial for the machining center to achieve automated production;

[0039] 4. The height and size of the upper positioning member can be adjusted according to the shape and size of the specific workpiece, which enhances the applicability of the technical solution and can meet the upper positioning requirements of different workpieces.

[0040] Preferably, the synchronous positioning mechanism also includes a double-rack transmission assembly fixed as a whole under the dividing plate, the double-rack transmission assembly includes a group of slide rails, the slide rails include a fixed part and a movable part, the movable part is provided with a spring return part at the end facing the center of the dividing plate, the fixed part of the slide rail is fixed to the lower surface of the dividing plate, the fixed toothed belt is fixed to the movable part of the slide rail, the elastic sliding toothed belt is slidably installed on the movable part of the slide rail, the compression spring is arranged on the outer end surface of the elastic sliding toothed belt and the spring mounting seat for placing the compression spring; the fixed toothed belt can engage and disengage with the second transmission gear, and is separated when not clamped, while the elastic sliding toothed belt remains in an engaged state with the fourth transmission gear.

[0041] Effects of the optimal technical solution:

[0042] 1. The double rack transmission assembly is fixed as a whole under the indexing plate and is set in the fixed part of the quick clamping and positioning fixture, which avoids large movement changes during the working process and is conducive to improving movement stability and positioning accuracy;

[0043] 2. The movable part is provided with a spring reset piece at one end facing the center of the indexing plate, which enables the movable part to automatically reset when there is no external force, ready for subsequent work. This design simplifies the operation steps and facilitates automatic control;

[0044] 3. The fixed toothed belt and the second transmission gear can automatically engage and disengage, and are in a disengaged state when not clamped. This design realizes the automatic engagement and disengagement of the fixed toothed belt, avoiding the interference of the fixed toothed belt with the workpiece during the placement or removal of the workpiece, causing the position of the workpiece to change. This improves the automation and reliability of the system;

[0045] 4. The elastic sliding toothed belt remains in meshing state with the fourth transmission gear. This allows the fourth transmission gear to continue to mesh with the elastic sliding toothed belt when the fixed toothed belt is separated, providing driving force for subsequent work. This design realizes automatic power switching, avoids work interruption, and improves work efficiency;

[0046] 5. The design of the compression spring enables the elastic sliding toothed belt to have a certain elastic adjustment effect relative to the active part of the slide rail. This can absorb the impact force during the positioning process to a certain extent, avoid generating a large dynamic load on the workpiece, and help ensure the positioning accuracy of the workpiece.

[0047] Preferably, the anti-reversal mechanism is a pawl mechanism with a self-unlocking function, comprising a mounting frame fixed to the lower surface of the dividing plate for mounting the overall mechanism; a ratchet rotatably arranged in the mounting frame; a main body movably mounted on the mounting frame, a pawl whose working part cooperates with the tooth portion of the ratchet; an elastic component arranged in the mounting frame to elastically push the pawl against the tooth portion of the ratchet; the pawl is arranged in the mounting frame, with a protruding tooth on the side away from its own working part; the mounting frame corresponds to the protruding tooth and extends outward to form a hole-shaped mounting portion; an unlocking member in which a part is movably arranged in the mounting portion and engages with the protruding tooth, and the other part has a free end extending from the mounting frame.

[0048] Effects of the optimal technical solution:

[0049] 1. The ratchet mechanism is used to realize the one-way transmission of the indexing plate, which prevents the indexing plate from reversing during the process of placing or removing the workpiece, thus ensuring the smooth progress of the workpiece clamping process and helping to improve work safety and automation;

[0050] 2. The ratchet mechanism has a self-unlocking function, which facilitates the reverse operation of the indexing plate. This design simplifies the operation steps and facilitates the automatic control of the system;

[0051] 3. The pawl is provided with a protruding tooth on the side away from the working part, which is engaged with the mounting part; the free end of the unlocking piece extends out from the mounting frame. This design realizes the manual unlocking of the pawl mechanism, and the indexing plate can also be reversed by external operation in the event of system failure or other extreme situations. This enhances the safety and reliability of the system;

[0052] 4. The design of the elastic component ensures that the pawl always maintains correct meshing with the ratchet teeth when rotating around the mounting frame. This can absorb the impact force during the start or stop of the indexing plate to a certain extent, avoid generating large dynamic loads on the indexing plate and the workpiece, and help to increase the service life of the system;

[0053] 5. The ratchet, pawl and mounting bracket are all fixed on the lower surface of the indexing plate, which simplifies the installation process of the entire mechanism.

[0054] Preferably, a pawl return spring is arranged at the end of the unlocking member toward the mounting bracket.

[0055] Effects of the optimal technical solution:

[0056] 1. The elastic force of the pawl reset spring makes the unlocking piece always keep moving in the direction of the pawl when there is no external force. This allows the unlocking piece to automatically reset once the external force disappears after the operator pulls the unlocking piece to unlock the pawl mechanism, and continue to apply reset force to the pawl to ensure that the pawl mechanism is quickly locked. This simplifies the operation steps and is conducive to the automatic control of the system;

[0057] 2. The design of the pawl return spring prevents the unlocking piece from being in a relaxed state without external force, which may cause displacement or vibration during operation and affect the normal locking of the pawl mechanism. The elastic preload force of the pawl return spring can keep the unlocking piece at a certain end pressure, which ensures the stable and reliable working state of the unlocking piece;

[0058] 3. The elastic force exerted by the pawl return spring on the end of the unlocking part can provide support for the operation of the unlocking part to a certain extent. This can prevent the unlocking part from being deformed or malfunctioning due to excessive force during frequent operation, extend the service life of the unlocking part, and improve the reliability of the system;

[0059] 4. The design of the pawl return spring can be parameter-matched according to the end structure and force of the unlocking piece, which enhances the applicability of the technical solution and can meet the working requirements of pawl mechanisms of different specifications.

[0060] Preferably, the drilling and tapping machine includes a transverse drilling and tapping machine and a vertical drilling and tapping machine.

[0061] Effects of the optimal technical solution:

[0062] 1. The design of the horizontal drilling and tapping machine and the vertical drilling and tapping machine can meet the tapping requirements of different parts and directions of the workpiece;

[0063] 2. The horizontal drilling and tapping machines and vertical drilling and tapping machines adopt modular design in their structural layout. They can be set up and work independently, or they can be combined on the same functional mechanism to achieve multi-axis linkage. This design enhances the flexibility of the system and can meet the tapping processing requirements of workpieces of different complexity.

[0064] In summary, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0065] 1. This technical solution has an automated workpiece clamping and drilling and tapping process. The machining center is mainly composed of a dividing plate, a multi-station workbench, a quick clamping and positioning fixture, an anti-reversal mechanism, a power source and other components. The dividing plate drives multiple quick clamping and positioning fixtures to arrive at each station in turn. The quick clamping and positioning fixture has the function of automatically positioning and clamping the workpiece. The multi-station workbench includes a horizontal drilling and tapping station, a vertical drilling and tapping station, and a loading and unloading station to realize the automatic flow of workpieces;

[0066] 2. The quick clamping and positioning fixture uses mechanical transmission to automatically position and clamp the workpiece, avoid the processing area, and is not easily contaminated by chips, thus improving the stability of the machining center. The positioning fixture includes a base, a component mounting part, a self-centering support mechanism, a transmission component, etc., to achieve three-point positioning and clamping of the two end faces of the workpiece and the connecting piece;

[0067] 3. The self-centering support mechanism includes two coaxial rotatable camshafts, which extend outwards under the drive of the driving gear ring to achieve the positioning and clamping of the workpiece. The power source drives the transmission assembly to drive the movement of the self-centering support mechanism and the working sleeve to achieve automatic clamping and loosening of the workpiece;

[0068] 4. The anti-reversal mechanism adopts a ratchet mechanism with a self-unlocking function, which realizes one-way rotation and anti-reversal during the rotation process, locking the workpiece; it automatically unlocks after rotating out of the multi-station workbench, realizing automatic loosening of the workpiece;

[0069] 5. Compared with the existing technology, this technical solution adopts mechanical drive to replace pneumatic components to achieve automatic clamping; simplifies the operation steps and improves efficiency; has a compact design, reduces the volume, and improves the rotation performance; has the advantages of high reliability, high precision, and easy maintenance.

[0070] In summary, this technical solution discloses an integrated drilling and tapping automatic machining center, which realizes workpiece flow and multi-process automatic machining, improves production efficiency, and has broad market prospects and application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0071] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 2 The structural schematic diagram of the outer enclosure, the horizontal drilling and tapping machine, and the vertical drilling and tapping machine is hidden for the present invention;

[0073] Figure 3 The structural diagram of the outer enclosure and the manipulator mounting frame is hidden for the present invention;

[0074] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure from the bottom perspective in the state;

[0075] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hinged support;

[0076] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after the indexing plate and the quick clamping and positioning fixture are combined;

[0077] Figure 7 It is mainly used to express the structural diagram of the quick clamping and positioning fixture and the synchronous positioning mechanism (some parts are omitted, some parts are in an exploded state, and some parts are cut open);

[0078] Figure 8 It is mainly used to express the structural diagram of the quick clamping and positioning fixture after clamping the hinged support and the synchronous positioning mechanism (some parts are omitted and some parts are in an exploded state);

[0079] Fig. 9 for Figure 4 A partial enlarged view of the middle A;

[0080] Fig.10 It is a structural diagram mainly showing the quick clamping and positioning fixture and the synchronous positioning mechanism (partial position cut);

[0081] Fig.11 It is a structural diagram mainly expressing the anti-reversal mechanism (partially cut);

[0082] Fig.12 It is a structural schematic diagram mainly expressing another angle of the anti-reversal mechanism.

[0083] Markings in the figure:

[0084] Articulated support 001, manipulator mounting frame 002, disc y1, connecting piece y2, power source 01, indexing plate 10, multi-station workbench 20, slot 21, outer enclosure 30, quick clamping and positioning fixture 40, base 41, component mounting portion 42, self-centering support mechanism 43, upper camshaft 431, lower camshaft 432, drive gear ring 433, threaded through hole 44, transmission sleeve 45, working sleeve 46, third transmission gear 47, anti-reversal mechanism 48, mounting frame 481, ratchet 482 , pawl 483, protruding tooth 484, unlocking member 485, pawl return spring 486, transmission assembly 49, first transmission gear 491, second transmission gear 492, connecting shaft 493, horizontal drilling machine 50, vertical drilling machine 60, synchronous positioning mechanism 70, inscribed shaft 71, fourth transmission gear 72, positioning frame 73, upper positioning member 74, double rack transmission assembly 75, slide rail 751, fixed toothed belt 752, elastic sliding toothed belt 753, compression spring 754, spring mounting seat 755. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0085] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings:

[0086] Example 1

[0087] With reference to all the accompanying drawings, Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention discloses a multi-station machining center for drilling and tapping. The machining center realizes one-touch positioning and clamping of workpieces through the design of mechanical structure, and completes it under external drive. Therefore, it gets rid of the pneumatic clamps set in the dividing plate in the prior art and the disadvantages that come with it: its components are easily contaminated by waste chips or cutting fluid, which not only affects the positioning accuracy and service life, but also increases the difficulty of maintenance. In contrast, the mechanical transmission device of the present invention is set outside the dividing plate, avoiding the processing area and is not easily contaminated, thereby greatly improving the stability of the machining center. The machining center is particularly suitable for similar Figure 5 Processing of fork frame parts and similar fork parts.

[0088] The machining center includes: a dividing plate 10, a multi-station workbench 20 fixedly arranged around its periphery, and an outer enclosure 30 of a closed working space. A plurality of quick clamping and positioning fixtures 40 arranged at equal angles on the dividing plate 10, a horizontal drilling and tapping machine 50 and a vertical drilling and tapping machine 60 which can be fixed on the multi-station workbench 20 and correspond to some of the quick clamping and positioning fixtures 40, and a manipulator (not shown in the figure) providing loading and unloading services.

[0089] The multi-station workbench 20 includes: a horizontal drilling and tapping station, a vertical drilling and tapping station, and a loading and unloading station. The machining center realizes the automated drilling and tapping process through the cooperation of these components:

[0090] The robot first places the workpiece (with Figure 5 The workpiece is sent to the quick clamping and positioning fixture 40 for positioning and clamping. Then, the indexing plate 10 rotates to send the workpiece to the horizontal drilling and tapping station or the vertical drilling and tapping station. Next, the horizontal drilling and tapping machine 50 or the vertical drilling and tapping machine 60 performs drilling and tapping on the workpiece. The above steps are repeated until all the drilling and tapping processes of the workpiece are completed. Finally, the robot removes the processed workpiece from the unloading station.

[0091] Reference Figure 7-8 , the quick clamping and positioning fixture 40 includes:

[0092] Located above the indexing plate 10 and the two are detachably connected to the base 41;

[0093] Vertically disposed at one end of the base 41, having a cylindrical shape and an inner hollow structure of the member mounting portion 42;

[0094] Actively mounted in the member mounting portion 42 of the self-centering support mechanism 43; the axis of the self-centering support mechanism 43 has a through hole, the diameter of the hole is larger than the diameter of the hole of the workpiece;

[0095] Located on the indexing plate 10, each self-centering top support mechanism 43 is directly below the coaxial threaded through hole 44;

[0096] The transmission sleeve 45 is threadedly connected to the threaded through hole 44;

[0097] Sleeved in the transmission sleeve 45 within the working sleeve 46;

[0098] A third transmission gear 47 is coaxially connected to the transmission sleeve 45 and is located below the indexing plate 10; the third transmission gear 47 and the indexing plate 10 have a certain movable space;

[0099] An anti-reverse mechanism 48 is coaxially fixed to the third transmission gear 47 .

[0100] The self-centering supporting mechanism 43 comprises: an upper camshaft 431 and a lower camshaft 432, which are coaxially rotatably connected, have a cam surface at one end and a conical surface at the other end; and a driving gear ring 433 clamped on the outer periphery of one of the camshafts. After the driving gear ring 433 is clamped on one of the camshafts, the radial limit of the other camshaft is in the component mounting portion 42.

[0101] The height dimension between the upper camshaft 431 and the lower camshaft 432 is smaller than the part of the workpiece to be clamped. A gap larger than the size of the part of the workpiece to be clamped is left between the lower camshaft 432 and the working sleeve 46.

[0102] The quick clamping and positioning fixture 40 also includes a transmission assembly 49 that penetrates the base 41 and is located on one side of the self-centering support mechanism 43. The transmission assembly 49 includes:

[0103] The first transmission gear 491 meshing with the drive ring gear 433;

[0104] The second transmission gear 492 meshes with the third transmission gear 47;

[0105] A connecting shaft 493 fixedly connected to the first transmission gear 491 and the second transmission gear 492 .

[0106] The main body is arranged at the unloading station of the multi-station workbench 20, and its telescopic part can enter or move away from the area below the dividing plate 10. At the same time, the telescopic part can engage and disengage with the second transmission gear 492 to form a power source 01.

[0107] During operation, the workpiece enters the self-centering supporting mechanism 43 in a corresponding posture under the clamping of the manipulator.

[0108] The power source 01 drives the second transmission gear 492 to rotate, the second transmission gear 492 drives the third transmission gear 47 to rotate, the third transmission gear 47 drives the transmission sleeve 45 to rotate, and the transmission sleeve 45 rises under the action of the thread. The rising of the transmission sleeve 45 drives the working sleeve 46 to rise.

[0109] At the same time, the first transmission gear 491 rotates synchronously and drives the driving gear ring 433 to rotate, and the driving gear ring 433 drives a cam shaft to rotate. Under the action of the cam surface, the upper cam shaft 431 and the lower cam shaft 432 extend outward synchronously.

[0110] The part of the workpiece to be clamped is clamped by the conical parts of the upper cam shaft 431 and the lower cam shaft 432 and the upper surface of the working sleeve 46. Figure 6 As shown, the parts to be clamped refer to the inner walls of the inward ends and the end faces of the outward ends of the two discs y1.

[0111] After the workpiece is clamped, the telescopic part of the power source 01 is withdrawn. The machining center starts the turntable to switch the workstation, and the corresponding drilling and tapping machine processes the workpiece until all processes are completed.

[0112] Finally, the robot picks up and unloads the workpiece at the unloading station.

[0113] In order to further increase the stability of clamping and provide a positioning support for the workpiece, a synchronous positioning mechanism 70 is set in each quick clamping and positioning fixture 40 using the connecting shaft 493. The synchronous positioning mechanism 70 needs to reach the predetermined position before the workpiece is clamped, so that the workpiece can be positioned before clamping. After the workpiece is processed, it needs to return to the original position before taking the material so as not to hinder the material taking.

[0114] On this basis, the synchronous positioning mechanism 70 is designed to include the following components: a through hole is provided at the axis of the connecting shaft 493. In the through hole is an inscribed shaft 71 which can rotate tightly and partially protrude at both ends. A fourth transmission gear 72 is fixedly provided at the lower end of the inscribed shaft 71. A positioning frame 73 with one end fixed to the upper end of the inscribed shaft 71 and the other end sleeved on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft 493. An upper positioning member 74 is fixedly provided on the positioning frame 73.

[0115] The height of the upper positioning member 74 should exceed the height of the workpiece when it is in the clamping state. The size of the upper positioning member 74 when entering the working position needs to cover at least half of the workpiece disc. At the same time, space is reserved at the center position for the processing tool to enter and exit.

[0116] The synchronous positioning mechanism 70 also includes a double rack transmission assembly 75 integrally fixed below the indexing plate 10. The double rack transmission assembly 75 includes a set of slide rails 751. The slide rails 751 are composed of a fixed part and a movable part. The movable part is provided with a spring return member at one end facing the center of the indexing plate 10. Figure 4 The fixed part of the slide rail 751 is fixed to the lower surface of the indexing plate 10, the fixed toothed belt 752 is fixed to the movable part of the slide rail 751, the elastic sliding toothed belt 753 is slidably installed on the movable part of the slide rail 751, and the compression spring 754 arranged on the outer end surface of the elastic sliding toothed belt 753 and the spring mounting seat 755 for placing the compression spring 754 are resisted;

[0117] The fixed toothed belt 752 and the second transmission gear 492 can be meshed and separated. When not clamped, they are separated, and the elastic sliding toothed belt 753 remains in meshing state with the fourth transmission gear 72. It should be noted that the tooth width of the second transmission gear 492 is relatively wide, which is sufficient to mesh with the third transmission gear 47 in the upper part and mesh with the fixed toothed belt 752 in the lower part.

[0118] The synchronous positioning mechanism 70 works as follows: the telescopic part of the power source 01 pushes the movable part of the slide rail 751, the spring return member is continuously compressed, the elastic sliding toothed belt 753 moves and drives the fourth transmission gear 72 to rotate, and the fourth transmission gear 72 drives the positioning frame 73 and the upper positioning member 74 to rotate until the positioning frame 73 conflicts with the base 41. The conflict can be set in a variety of ways, such as setting an adjustable screw on the base 41 to determine the rotation limit position of the positioning frame 73, which is the above-mentioned preset position. At this time, the power source 0 The push of the telescopic part of 1 will make the elastic sliding toothed belt 753 overcome the compression spring 754 to keep sliding. At the same time, the fixed toothed belt 752 also comes into engagement with the second transmission gear 492, so that the second transmission gear 492 rotates, and the third transmission gear 47 and the first transmission gear 491 rotate synchronously, and the workpiece is clamped as mentioned above. Here, due to the addition of the positioning frame 73 and the upper positioning member 74, the two discs of the workpiece are fully clamped by the two end faces, and the connecting piece position also has the positioning frame 73 as a backing, so the stability during processing is improved.

[0119] The anti-reversal mechanism 48 can be one of the following structures in the prior art:

[0120] 1. Anti-reverse pin or shaft: usually a cylindrical or conical pin or shaft is inserted into the center hole of the gear or other rotating parts and the frame to prevent them from rotating in the opposite direction. This is a simple and commonly used anti-reverse mechanism;

[0121] 2. Toothed components: Toothed components such as gears, racks, gear rings, etc. are set between the rotating parts and the frame. They only allow the rotating parts to rotate in one direction, thereby playing an anti-reverse role. This component prevents reverse rotation by meshing with the rotating parts;

[0122] 3. Pawl mechanism: A pawl and ratchet are set between the rotating part and the frame. The pawl can slide over the ratchet in the predetermined direction of the rotating part, but is blocked by the ratchet in the opposite direction, thereby achieving the purpose of preventing reverse rotation. This mechanism uses the meshing resistance between the pawl and the ratchet to prevent reverse rotation;

[0123] 4. Spiral member: A mutually meshing spiral member is arranged between the rotating member and the frame, such as a bolt and a nut, a spiral strip and a nut, etc. This member only allows the rotating member to move in a predetermined rotation direction, and acts as a barrier in the opposite direction to prevent reverse rotation;

[0124] 5. Clutch mechanism: By controlling the connection and separation between the clutch and the driven member, it selectively prevents reverse rotation or realizes one-way transmission to achieve the purpose of anti-reverse. This mechanism is a more complex anti-reverse mechanism.

[0125] The above are the components of several anti-reversal mechanisms commonly used in the prior art. Of course, in specific applications, a combination of multiple components will be used as needed to design a more complex and efficient anti-reversal mechanism.

[0126] Reference Figure 9-12 In this embodiment, the anti-reversal mechanism 48 is designed as a pawl mechanism with a self-unlocking function, including a mounting frame 481 fixed to the lower surface of the indexing plate 10 for mounting the entire mechanism;

[0127] The ratchet 482 is rotatably provided in the mounting frame 481;

[0128] The main body is movably mounted on the mounting frame 481, and the working part cooperates with the tooth portion of the ratchet 482 to form a pawl 483;

[0129] An elastic member (not shown) provided in the mounting frame 481 to elastically push the pawl 483 against the teeth of the ratchet 482;

[0130] The ratchet 483 is arranged in the mounting frame 481, and a protruding tooth 484 is provided on the side away from the working part thereof;

[0131] The mounting frame 481 corresponds to the protruding teeth 484, extending outward to form a hole-shaped mounting portion;

[0132] A part of the unlocking member 485 is movable in the mounting portion and engages with the protruding tooth 484, and the other part of the unlocking member 485 extends from the mounting frame 481 at the free end;

[0133] To enhance the resetting capability of the pawl 483, refer to Fig.12 A pawl return spring 486 is provided at the end of the unlocking member 485 facing the mounting frame 481.

[0134] The working process is: the ratchet 482 rotates unidirectionally under the drive, and when it rotates to the working part of the pawl 483, the pawl 483 presses against the tooth part of the ratchet 482 under the action of the elastic component, and the two are stuck to each other, so that the ratchet 482 can only rotate in one direction, thereby achieving anti-reversal.

[0135] If the ratchet 482 needs to be released, an external force presses the free end of the unlocking member 485, and the unlocking member 485 pushes the protruding tooth 484 to rotate, and the protruding tooth 484 drives the pawl 483 to rotate, and the working part of the pawl 483 disengages from the tooth part of the ratchet 482, so that the ratchet 482 can rotate in both directions.

[0136] After the external force is released, the pawl reset spring 486 and the elastic component drive the pawl 483 to reset, and the working part of the pawl 483 is again clamped into the teeth of the ratchet 482. The ratchet 482 can only rotate in one direction, and the mechanism returns to the anti-reversal state.

[0137] Reference Figure 4 and Fig. 9A slot 21 is provided around the inner side surface of the multi-station workbench 20 corresponding to the position of the unlocking member 485, so that the free end of the unlocking member 485 can rotate freely within a certain rotation angle range. That is, the slot 21 does not cover the entire circumference of the multi-station workbench 20. Its purpose is that when the turntable passes through each station of the multi-station workbench 20, the quick clamping and positioning fixture 40 is in a state of locking the workpiece. When the workpiece is about to leave the multi-station workbench 20 after all processing is completed, the slotting is completed, and the free end of the unlocking member 485 contacts the side of the multi-station workbench 20, so that the ratchet 482 can be rotated in both directions to unlock. After unlocking, the pawl reset spring 486 and the elastic component drive the pawl 483 to reset. At the same time, the spring reset member releases the compression, and the fixed toothed belt 752 moves to drive the second transmission gear 492 to rotate in the opposite direction of the aforementioned clamping direction. The first transmission gear 491 rotates synchronously and drives the driving gear ring 433 to rotate in the opposite direction. The upper cam shaft 431 and the lower cam shaft 432 gather toward the center to complete the release of the workpiece.

[0138] When the workpiece is released, the upper positioning member 74 is no longer resisted, and the compression state of the compression spring 754 is released. Under the movement of the elastic sliding toothed belt 753, the upper positioning member 74 and the positioning frame 73 return to the initial position together, and the workpiece can be easily removed.

[0139] In summary, the anti-reversal mechanism 48 realizes unidirectional rotation and anti-reversal, and the positioning fixture 40 is quickly clamped and locked to the workpiece during the rotation of the turntable.

[0140] In order to facilitate the installation of the robot, a robot mounting frame 002 is provided at the loading and unloading station of the multi-station workbench 20.

[0141] The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in similar ways, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A drilling and tapping multi-station machining center, characterized in that: The machining center comprises: a dividing plate (10); a multi-station workbench (20) fixedly arranged around the outer periphery of the dividing plate (10); a plurality of quick clamping and positioning fixtures (40) arranged on the dividing plate (10); drilling and tapping machines respectively fixed on the multi-station workbench (20), and a manipulator providing loading and unloading services; The quick clamping and positioning fixture (40) comprises: a base (41) located above the indexing plate (10) and detachably connected to the base (41); a component mounting portion (42) vertically arranged at one end of the base (41); a self-centering support mechanism (43) movably mounted in the component mounting portion (42); a coaxial threaded through hole (44) located on the indexing plate (10) and directly below each self-centering support mechanism (43); a transmission sleeve (45) threadedly connected to the threaded through hole (44); a working sleeve (46) sleeved in the transmission sleeve (45); a third transmission gear (47) located below the indexing plate (10) and coaxially fixedly connected to the transmission sleeve (45); and an anti-reversal mechanism (48) coaxially fixedly connected to the third transmission gear (47); The self-centering supporting mechanism (43) comprises two camshafts that are coaxially rotatably connected, wherein a driving gear ring (433) is clamped on the outer periphery of one of the camshafts, and after the driving gear ring (433) is clamped on one of the camshafts, the radial limit of the other camshaft is located in the component mounting portion (42); During operation, the workpiece enters the self-centering support mechanism (43) in a corresponding posture under the clamping of the manipulator, and the driving gear ring (433) is rotated under external power, and the driving gear ring (433) drives a cam shaft to rotate. Under the action of the cam surface, the two cam shafts extend outward synchronously; the part to be clamped of the workpiece is clamped, and the telescopic part of the power source (01) is withdrawn; the machining center starts the turntable to convert the workstation, and the corresponding drilling and tapping machine processes the workpiece until all processes are completed; finally, the manipulator picks up and unloads the workpiece at the unloading station.

2. The drilling and tapping multi-station machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The quick clamping and positioning fixture (40) further includes a transmission assembly (49) that passes through the base (41) and is located on one side of the self-centering support mechanism (43); the transmission assembly (49) includes: a first transmission gear (491) that meshes with the driving gear ring (433); a second transmission gear (492) that meshes with the third transmission gear (47); a connecting shaft (493) that is fixedly connected to the first transmission gear (491) and the second transmission gear (492); and a power source (01) whose main body is arranged at a material unloading station of the multi-station workbench (20), whose telescopic part can enter or move away from the area below the dividing plate (10), and at the same time, the telescopic part can mesh with and separate from the second transmission gear (492).

3. The drilling and tapping multi-station machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ends of the two camshafts away from the center both have conical surfaces.

4. The drilling and tapping multi-station machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two camshafts are respectively an upper camshaft (431) and a lower camshaft (432); the minimum net dimension between the two after the height is retracted is smaller than the part of the workpiece to be clamped; a gap larger than the dimension of the part of the workpiece to be clamped is left between the lower camshaft (432) and the working sleeve (46).

5. The drilling and tapping multi-station machining center according to claim 2, characterized in that: In each of the quick clamping and positioning fixtures (40), a synchronous positioning mechanism (70) is provided by using a connecting shaft (493), and the synchronous positioning mechanism (70) comprises: a through hole is provided at the axis of the connecting shaft (493), an inscribed shaft (71) is provided in the through hole and is rotatable relative to the connecting shaft (493) and partially protrudes at both ends, a fourth transmission gear (72) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the inscribed shaft (71), a positioning frame (73) having one end fixed to the upper end of the inscribed shaft (71) and the other end sleeved on the outer periphery of the connecting shaft (493), and an upper positioning member (74) is fixedly arranged on the positioning frame (73).

6. The drilling and tapping multi-station machining center according to claim 5, characterized in that: The height of the upper positioning member (74) should exceed the height of the workpiece in the clamping state, and the size of the upper positioning member (74) when entering the working position should at least cover the majority of the workpiece disc, while leaving space at the center for the machining tool to enter and exit.

7. The drilling and tapping multi-station machining center according to claim 6, characterized in that: The synchronous positioning mechanism (70) further comprises a double rack transmission assembly (75) integrally fixed below the indexing plate (10), the double rack transmission assembly (75) comprising a set of slide rails (751), the slide rails (751) comprising a fixed portion and a movable portion, the movable portion having a spring return member (756) at one end thereof facing the center of the indexing plate (10), the fixed portion of the slide rails (751) being fixed to the lower surface of the indexing plate (10), and a fixed toothed belt fixed to the movable portion of the slide rails (751) (752), an elastic sliding toothed belt (753) slidably mounted on the movable part of the slide rail (751), abutting against a compression spring (754) arranged on the outer end surface of the elastic sliding toothed belt (753) and a spring mounting seat (755) for placing the compression spring (754); the fixed toothed belt (752) and the second transmission gear (492) can be engaged and separated, and are separated when not clamped, and the elastic sliding toothed belt (753) remains in an engaged state with the fourth transmission gear (72).

8. The drilling and tapping multi-station machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-reversal mechanism (48) is a pawl mechanism with a self-unlocking function, comprising a mounting frame (481) fixed to the lower surface of the indexing plate (10) for mounting the entire mechanism; a ratchet (482) rotatably arranged in the mounting frame (481); a pawl (483) whose main body is movably mounted on the mounting frame (481) and whose working part cooperates with the teeth of the ratchet (482); an elastic component arranged in the mounting frame (481) to elastically push the pawl (483) against the teeth of the ratchet (482); the pawl (483) is arranged in the mounting frame (481) and is provided with a protruding tooth (484) on a side away from the working part thereof; the mounting frame (481) corresponds to the protruding tooth (484) and extends outward to form a hole-shaped mounting portion; and an unlocking member (485) having a portion movably arranged in the mounting portion and engaged with the protruding tooth (484) and another portion having a free end extending outward from the mounting frame (481).

9. The drilling and tapping multi-station machining center according to claim 8, characterized in that: A pawl return spring (486) is provided at the end of the unlocking member (485) facing the mounting frame (481).

10. The drilling and tapping multi-station machining center according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The drilling and tapping machine comprises a transverse drilling and tapping machine (50) and a vertical drilling and tapping machine (60).

Images