Anti-erosion methods

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of water conservancy engineering technology and discloses a method for preventing erosion. First, multiple anchor piles are installed on the riverbed or seabed on the side of the object to be protected from water flow erosion. These anchor piles are spaced apart and form at least one row. Then, a flexible permeable frame with a receiving cavity is installed on each anchor pile. The receiving cavity is then filled with a water-absorbing and swelling material and sealed. The water-absorbing and swelling material in the underwater portion absorbs water and swells, forming an underwater protective pile in the underwater part of the flexible permeable frame. In this invention, only the water-absorbing and swelling material completely underwater can absorb water and swell. The water-absorbing and swelling material in the aquatic environment above water is in its initial state. The above-water portion of the flexible permeable frame deforms under its own weight, with no protrusion above the water surface. This allows for adjustment of the height of the underwater protective pile according to water level changes, facilitating regular and rapid dredging operations around the object to be protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, and in particular to a method for preventing erosion. Background Technology

[0002] When water flows past hydraulic structures, high-intensity turbulence and vortex systems around the structures create scour pits, reducing the foundation depth and ultimately damaging the structure, leading to collapse. For example, in bridge collapses, up to 30% are caused by scour. With the development of the global economy, coastal wind power development is booming, but wind turbine foundations still experience scour similar to that of bridge piers. The engineering community has proposed protective measures such as sacrificial piles (pier-front protective piles), which involve arranging small-diameter pile groups in a specific pattern upstream or around existing bridge and wind turbine foundation piers. These piles effectively slow down the upstream water flow, reducing the scour energy on the piers and thus significantly minimizing the scour of existing piers. However, traditional protective piles in front of piers have a significant impact on the aesthetics and ecology of the riverbed environment. At the same time, their location affects navigation, especially in waters with drastic water level fluctuations. After the water level drops, a large portion of the protective piles in front of piers remains exposed above the water level, making them susceptible to localized erosion damage. The exposed areas pose safety hazards and also affect the dredging and maintenance of the piers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an anti-scouring method to solve the problems that existing anti-scouring methods cannot adapt to changes in water level and are inconvenient for dredging.

[0004] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] The anti-erosion method includes the following steps:

[0006] Multiple anchor piles are installed on the riverbed or seabed on the side of the object to be protected from water scouring, and the multiple anchor piles are spaced apart to form at least one row of anchor piles;

[0007] A flexible permeable frame is provided on each of the anchor piles, and the flexible permeable frame has a receiving cavity;

[0008] The cavity of the flexible permeable frame is filled with water-absorbing and swelling material and the cavity is sealed. The water-absorbing and swelling material in the underwater part swells after absorbing water, and the underwater part of the flexible permeable frame forms an underwater protective pile.

[0009] Optionally, the anchor pile is located below the riverbed or the seabed and flush with the surface of the riverbed or the seabed, and the anchor pile is a reinforced concrete pile.

[0010] Optionally, the scour prevention method further includes the step of measuring the maximum water level and the minimum water level, and accordingly setting the height of the underwater protective pile to be greater than the minimum water level and less than the maximum water level.

[0011] Optionally, each anchor pile may be provided with a plurality of flexible permeable frames connected in series, and the receiving cavity of each flexible permeable frame may be separately reserved with an opening for separately filling the water-absorbing and swelling material.

[0012] Optionally, the multiple flexible permeable frames are detachably connected, and after the water-absorbing and swelling material absorbs water and swells, the flexible permeable frames form the cylindrical underwater protective piles.

[0013] Optionally, the water-absorbing and swelling material can be prepared as gel particles before filling it.

[0014] Optionally, before filling the gel particles, the number of gel particles to be filled into each of the receiving cavities is determined based on the relationship between the number of gel particles and the structural strength of the underwater protective pile, and then the required number of gel particles are filled into the receiving cavities.

[0015] Optionally, the flexible permeable frame is a flexible hose, and the side wall of the flexible permeable frame is provided with permeable holes, the size of which is smaller than the size of the water-absorbing and swelling material when it is not absorbing water.

[0016] Optionally, the volume of the water-absorbing and swelling material in the receiving cavity after absorbing water and swelling does not exceed 85% of the volume of the receiving cavity.

[0017] Optionally, when underwater dredging is required, the water-absorbing and swelling material is removed or discharged from the receiving cavity; after the dredging is completed, the water-absorbing and swelling material is refilled into the receiving cavity.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0019] The erosion prevention method of this invention involves first setting anchor piles, then fixing a flexible permeable frame to the anchor piles, and finally filling the flexible permeable frame with a water-absorbing and swelling material. The flexible permeable frame has flexible deformation and water permeability properties, while the water-absorbing and swelling material has the property of swelling upon contact with water. This allows the underwater portion of the flexible permeable frame to deform and form an underwater protective pile after the water-absorbing and swelling material swells. The underwater protective pile is related to the water level; only the water-absorbing and swelling material completely underwater can absorb water and swell. The water-absorbing and swelling material in the aquatic environment above water is in its initial state. The above-water portion of the flexible permeable frame deforms under its own weight, with no protrusion above the water surface. This achieves the effect of adjusting the height of the underwater protective pile according to water level changes. During dredging, the water-absorbing and swelling material is removed, and the flexible permeable frame can completely deform into a contracted state, facilitating rapid dredging operations. The water-absorbing and swelling material is environmentally friendly and can be directly discharged into the water without ecological pollution. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the anti-erosion method of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of anchor piles installed in the riverbed in the anti-scouring method of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of setting a flexible permeable frame on the anchor pile in the anti-scouring method of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the underwater protective pile structure formed underwater in the anti-erosion method of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the state changes of the underwater and above-water portions of the flexible permeable frame in the anti-erosion method of this invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the underwater anti-scour structure arrangement of the underwater pier in the anti-scour method of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the anti-scour structure of the seawall in the anti-scour method of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-cavity structure of the underwater protective pile in the anti-scour method of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the dredging process in the anti-erosion method of the present invention.

[0029] In the picture:

[0030] 100. Objects requiring protection;

[0031] 1. Anchor piles; 2. Flexible permeable frame; 3. Water-absorbing and swelling material. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0033] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0035] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0036] This invention provides an anti-erosion method, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the erosion prevention method includes the following steps:

[0037] S1, multiple anchor piles 1 are installed on the riverbed or seabed on the side of the object to be protected from water scouring, with the multiple anchor piles 1 spaced apart to form at least one row of anchor piles 1; such as Figure 2 The image shows the arrangement of two rows of anchor piles 1 on the scour side.

[0038] S2, a flexible permeable frame 2 is provided on each anchor pile 1, the flexible permeable frame 2 having a receiving cavity; such as Figure 3 As shown, a flexible permeable frame 2 is fixedly installed at the top of each anchor pile 1. The bottom end of the flexible permeable frame 2 is usually fixed by binding, which facilitates the installation and disassembly of the flexible permeable frame 2.

[0039] S3, fill the cavity of the flexible permeable frame 2 with water-absorbing and swelling material 3 and seal the cavity. The water-absorbing and swelling material 3 in the underwater part swells after absorbing water, and the underwater part of the flexible permeable frame 2 forms an underwater protective pile. Figure 4 As shown, the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 in the flexible permeable frame 2 is located underwater. After absorbing water, the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 swells, increasing in volume, thus filling and supporting the flexible permeable frame 2, forming an underwater protective pile with a certain structural strength. It can be understood that, based on the structural strength and height of the underwater protective pile, the height of the flexible permeable frame 2 and the amount of water-absorbing and swelling material 3 filling it can be pre-designed to obtain the desired structural strength and directional effect.

[0040] The order of steps S2 and S3 above can be interchanged.

[0041] The erosion prevention method of the present invention involves first setting up anchor piles 1, then fixing a flexible permeable frame 2 onto the anchor piles 1, and then filling the flexible permeable frame 2 with a water-absorbing and swelling material 3. The flexible permeable frame 2 has flexible deformation and water permeability properties, and the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 has the property of swelling upon contact with water. This allows the underwater portion of the flexible permeable frame 2 to deform and form an underwater protective pile after the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 swells. Figure 4 The underwater protective piles are related to the water level. Only the water-absorbing and swelling material 3, which is completely underwater, can absorb water and swell. The water-absorbing and swelling material 3 in the waterless environment above water is in its initial state (minimum volume state). The above-water part of the flexible permeable frame 2 deforms under its own weight, such as... Figure 5 With no protrusions above the water surface, the underwater protective piles can be adjusted in height according to water level changes. During dredging, the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 can be removed, and the flexible permeable frame 2 can be completely deformed into a contracted state, facilitating rapid dredging operations. The water-absorbing and swelling material 3 is an environmentally friendly material that can be directly discharged into the water without causing ecological pollution.

[0042] According to the above-mentioned erosion prevention method, when the object to be protected, 100, is an underwater pier, such as Figure 6Two rows of anchor piles 1 are installed on the water flow erosion side of the underwater pier to form two rows of underwater protective columns. The first row of anchor piles 1, closer to the underwater pier, consists of two anchor piles 1 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the underwater pier. The second row of anchor piles 1, farther from the underwater pier, consists of one anchor pile 1. The two rows of anchor piles 1 are staggered, with a vertical distance of 2m between them. The distance between the two anchor piles 1 in the first row is 3.5m, forming a triangular protective structure. Furthermore, multiple underwater protective piles can be appropriately installed around the underwater pier as needed. When the object to be protected 100 is a beach or seawall, such as... Figure 7 A row of anchor piles 1 is installed on the scour side of the seawall. The spacing between adjacent anchor piles 1 is 0.2m, and the vertical distance between the anchor piles and the seawall is 10m. Each anchor pile 1 is equipped with a flexible permeable frame 2 and filled with water-absorbing and swelling material 3 to form an underwater protective pile.

[0043] Optionally, the anchor pile 1 is located below the riverbed or seabed and flush with the surface of the riverbed or seabed. The anchor pile 1 is a reinforced concrete pile.

[0044] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, anchor pile 1 is installed in the riverbed, with its top end flush with or below the riverbed surface. When the top end of anchor pile 1 is not fitted with a flexible permeable frame 2, anchor pile 1 has no protruding structure on the riverbed surface, facilitating dredging and ensuring navigation on rivers or seas. Typically, anchor pile 1 has a diameter of 1m and a height of 1m to meet structural strength requirements.

[0045] Optionally, the scour prevention method also includes the step of measuring the maximum and minimum water level heights, wherein the height of the underwater protective pile is greater than the minimum water level height and less than the maximum water level height.

[0046] Before setting up the flexible permeable frame 2, first measure the maximum height of the underwater protective piles required for the object to be protected 100. Then, based on the maximum and minimum water levels of the current water area, set the minimum height of the required underwater protective piles. This allows the underwater protective piles to adaptively adjust between the maximum and minimum heights when the water level changes, meeting the erosion prevention requirements. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, as the waves in the protected environment increase or / and the water level rises, when the water level is higher than the maximum height of the underwater protective pile, all the water-absorbing and swelling materials 3 swell and fill the containment cavity to provide sufficient structural strength for the flexible permeable frame 2 to provide scour protection and play a protective role, such as scour prevention and resisting the impact of water flow and waves; as the waves in the environment decrease or / and the water level drops, and the time exposed to the waterless environment increases, the water-absorbing and swelling materials 3 located outside the water level gradually dehydrate and shrink, reducing their occupancy above the water.

[0047] Optionally, multiple flexible permeable frames 2 connected in series are arranged on each anchor pile 1, and the receiving cavity of each flexible permeable frame 2 is reserved with an opening for filling water-absorbing and swelling material 3 separately.

[0048] like Figure 8 As shown, five interconnected flexible permeable frames 2 are set above the anchor pile 1 to form five independent receiving cavities, or a single flexible permeable frame 2 can be divided into five independent receiving cavities along its height. Adjacent receiving cavities are impermeable to water, and each receiving cavity has permeable holes on its sidewall for water permeation. Each receiving cavity has a separate opening for filling or removing water-absorbing and swelling material 3. It can be understood that by setting multiple independent receiving cavities, the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 in each receiving cavity can absorb water and swell independently, improving the structural strength of the underwater protective pile at the corresponding height of that cavity. This also facilitates adjusting the overall height of the underwater protective pile to adapt to the protection requirements of different water levels.

[0049] Optionally, multiple flexible permeable frames 2 are detachably connected, and after the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 absorbs water and swells, the flexible permeable frame 2 forms a cylindrical underwater protective pile.

[0050] For example Figure 8 Multiple flexible permeable frames 2 are detachably connected, facilitating standardization and improving versatility. Multiple flexible permeable frames 2 can be freely combined according to protection needs, allowing for adjustable height of the underwater protective pile. Even in cases of extreme water level drops or rises, the height of the underwater protective pile can be increased or decreased by adding or removing flexible permeable frames 2. The detachable connection methods include, but are not limited to, sewing and binding. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the flexible permeable frame 2 uses a flexible hose fitting with good flexibility and deformation performance; the accommodating cavity can be achieved by setting multiple independent chambers within the hose fitting.

[0051] Optionally, the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 can be prepared as gel particles before filling it.

[0052] In this embodiment, the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 is made of natural resin, such as acrylic resin, which is non-toxic and odorless. It has the properties of absorbing water and swelling, and shrinking back to its original shape after dehydration. The large particles after swelling possess certain strength and deformation characteristics. The diameter of the gel particles when not absorbing water is 5×10. -4 m, with a volume of 5.24 × 10 -10 m 3 It reaches full swelling after absorbing water for 3 hours, with a maximum diameter of 1.471 × 10⁻⁶. -2 m, with a volume of 1.33 × 10 -5 m 3The material 3 is a granular water-absorbing and swelling material. After the gel particles absorb water and swell, their volume changes flexibly and can fill the cavity of the flexible permeable frame 2 to form an underwater protective pile with a defined cylindrical shape.

[0053] Optionally, before filling the gel particles, the number of gel particles to be filled into each cavity is determined based on the relationship between the number of gel particles and the structural strength of the underwater protective pile, and then the required number of gel particles are filled into the cavity.

[0054] For an underwater protective pile with a diameter of 1m and a height of 10m, the fully formed volume is 7.85m³. 3 Each underwater protective pile requires approximately 500,000 gel particles, which are averaged and filled into five containment cavities to achieve the structural strength necessary for stable operation in the surrounding aquatic environment. For underwater protective piles protecting seawalls, the diameter is 0.3m and the height is 5m, with each pile having a volume of 0.353m³. 3 One underwater protective pile is installed every 20cm. When the total length of the seawall is 100m, 200 piles are required. Each underwater protective pile requires approximately 22,500 gel particles, which are evenly filled into multiple cavities to achieve the structural strength required for stable operation in the water environment.

[0055] Preferably, the gel particles required to fill each cavity are pre-filled in a flexible, water-permeable bag to facilitate the quick setting and removal of the water-absorbing and swelling material 3.

[0056] Optionally, the flexible permeable frame 2 is a flexible hose. The side wall of the flexible permeable frame 2 has permeable holes, the size of which is smaller than the size of the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 when it is not absorbing water, to prevent leakage of the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 in a dehydrated environment. When a flexible permeable bag is used, the permeable hole can be set to a larger size. Water flows through the permeable hole into the receiving cavity, then through the flexible permeable bag and comes into contact with the water-absorbing and swelling material 3. The flexible permeable bag can be made of materials such as fiber cloth or linen, and can be replaced periodically, or it can be made of plastic of the same material as the flexible permeable frame 2. The flexible permeable frame 2 has an opening for filling the water-absorbing and swelling material, and a locking seal is provided at the opening to bind and seal the opening, preventing gel particles from overflowing.

[0057] Optionally, the volume of the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 in the receiving cavity after water absorption and swelling shall not exceed 85% of the volume of the receiving cavity.

[0058] Considering the volume of the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 after swelling, and the damage caused by the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 during the scouring process, through mechanical tests, it was determined that filling the gel particles with a filling rate of 85% of the volume of the deformable flexible permeable frame 2 after it is fully expanded and molded can obtain the structural strength to work stably in the water environment.

[0059] Optionally, when underwater dredging is required, the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 can be removed or discharged from the cavity; after the dredging is completed, the cavity can be refilled with the water-absorbing and swelling material 3.

[0060] like Figure 9 When dredging is required in the water environment where the project is located, the opening on the flexible permeable frame 2 can be opened directly to remove and recycle the environmentally friendly water-absorbing and swelling material 3. The flexible permeable frame 2 can be removed simultaneously. After the dredging work is completed, the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 can be refilled, or a new flexible permeable frame 2 and new water-absorbing and swelling material 3 can be installed. This method has the advantages of low cost and easy installation. The water-absorbing and swelling material 3 is made from natural resin. A small amount falling into the water during the recycling process will not cause harm to the aquatic environment. It can be completely removed during subsequent dredging. This method is also suitable for periodically replacing the flexible permeable frame 2 and the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 to ensure that the water-absorbing and swelling material 3 inside the flexible permeable frame 2 can provide sufficient structural strength.

[0061] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Method for preventing scouring, characterised in that, The method comprises the following steps: arranging a plurality of anchor piles (1) on the riverbed or seabed on the water flow scouring side of the object (100) to be protected, the plurality of anchor piles (1) being arranged at intervals and forming at least one row of anchor piles (1); arranging a flexible water-permeable frame (2) on each anchor pile (1), the flexible water-permeable frame (2) having a containing cavity; filling the containing cavity of the flexible water-permeable frame (2) with water-absorbing swelling material (3) and sealing the containing cavity, the water-absorbing swelling material (3) in the underwater part swelling after absorbing water, the underwater part of the flexible water-permeable frame (2) forming an underwater protection pile; preparing the water-absorbing swelling material (3) into gel particles before filling the water-absorbing swelling material (3); the flexible water-permeable frame (2) is a hose, the side wall of the flexible water-permeable frame (2) being provided with water-permeable holes, the size of the water-permeable holes being smaller than the size of the water-absorbing swelling material (3) when not absorbing water; the underwater protection pile is related to the water level height, only the water-absorbing swelling material (3) completely underwater can absorb water and swell, the water-absorbing swelling material (3) in the water environment above water is in the initial state, the part of the flexible water-permeable frame (2) above water deforms under the action of gravity.

2. The scouring protection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchor pile (1) is arranged below the riverbed or seabed and flush with the surface of the riverbed or seabed, and the anchor pile (1) is a reinforced concrete pile.

3. The scouring protection method according to claim 1, characterized by, The method further comprises the steps of measuring the maximum water level height and the minimum water level height, and arranging the height of the underwater protection pile to be greater than the minimum water level height and less than the maximum water level height.

4. The scouring protection method according to claim 1, characterized by, A plurality of flexible water-permeable frames (2) connected in series are arranged on each anchor pile (1) in sequence, and the containing cavity of each flexible water-permeable frame (2) is individually provided with an opening for individually filling the water-absorbing swelling material (3).

5. The method of scour protection according to claim 4, wherein, The plurality of flexible water-permeable frames (2) are detachably connected, and the flexible water-permeable frames (2) form a cylindrical underwater protection pile after the water-absorbing swelling material (3) absorbs water and swells.

6. The scouring protection method according to claim 1, characterized by Before filling the gel particles, the number of gel particles required to be filled in each containing cavity is determined according to the relationship between the number of gel particles and the structural strength of the underwater protection pile, and then the required number of gel particles is filled into the containing cavity.

7. The method of scour protection according to claim 6, wherein, The volume of the water-absorbing swelling material (3) in the containing cavity after absorbing water and swelling does not exceed 85% of the volume of the containing cavity.

8. The scouring protection method according to claim 1, characterized by, When underwater dredging is needed, the water-absorbing swelling material (3) is removed or discharged from the containing cavity; and after the dredging is completed, the water-absorbing swelling material (3) is refilled into the containing cavity.

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