Safety system, method and transfer device for a hydrogen-containing gas reservoir

Abstract

The application discloses a safety guarantee system, method and transfer device of a hydrogen-containing storage gas reservoir, and belongs to the technical field of installation guarantee of the hydrogen-containing storage gas reservoir. The safety guarantee system comprises a first monitoring subsystem and a transfer device. The hydrogen-containing storage gas reservoir comprises a first storage gas layer and a second storage gas layer. The first monitoring subsystem is arranged in the first storage gas layer and a system unit thereof. The first storage gas layer is connected with one or more second storage gas layers through the transfer device. The first storage gas layer is detected through the first monitoring subsystem, and the stratification of the first storage gas layer is obtained. If the local hydrogen aggregation concentration reaches or is higher than a first threshold value, the hydrogen-containing fuel is transferred from the first storage gas layer to the second storage gas layer through the transfer device. The fluid flow disturbance in the transfer process breaks the balance state of the first storage gas layer and the second storage gas layer, so that the concentration is redistributed, and hydrogen damage caused by possible stratification of the hydrogen-containing fuel is avoided. The safety guarantee system has low cost and high operability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of installation and safety guarantee of hydrogen-containing gas storage, in particular to a safety guarantee system and method for hydrogen-containing gas storage and a transfer device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen is one of the important development directions of new energy, and has the advantages of high heat value, clean combustion products, wide sources and renewable compared with traditional fossil fuels, and is called the clean energy of the future. Hydrogen transportation is an important link of hydrogen energy utilization, and the use of reliable pipeline transportation mode to connect the hydrogen source and the target user is the key to optimizing energy consumption and promoting hydrogen energy utilization.

[0003] With the improvement of energy utilization efficiency, the technology of using hydrogen prepared by cracking of natural gas by-products and using hydrogen prepared by electrolysis of water by wind power or hydroelectric power is increasingly mature and has market demand. The prepared hydrogen is added to the built natural gas pipeline for long-distance hydrogen-doped transportation, which has the advantages of remote scheduling of hydrogen resources or direct improvement of natural gas cleanliness, and is a relatively efficient means of hydrogen utilization; the gas storage is an important facility for gas storage and peak shaving in long-distance pipeline system. However, the built gas storage is usually designed for conventional natural gas, and the design hydrogen content is usually low, and the hydrogen-doped concentration of hydrogen-containing natural gas pipeline is generally much higher than 0.5%. In hydrogen-doped transportation, in addition to the need for pipeline system to meet the needs of hydrogen-doped transportation, the gas storage facilities connected with the pipeline system also need to meet the safety requirements of hydrogen-doped transportation.

[0004] In the transportation and storage of hydrogen-containing natural gas, hydrogen damage is a key control problem for safety guarantee. Even if the built gas storage facilities can meet a certain hydrogen concentration after review, the gas storage is a gas storage and peak shaving facility, and there are stable working conditions such as balance period. Under stable working conditions, hydrogen-natural gas medium can have obvious stratification, resulting in local hydrogen partial pressure / concentration higher than that of design working conditions. Especially for high-pressure pipelines, high-grade pipe materials are usually used; the pressure in the high-pressure pipeline is generally high, and the risk of hydrogen damage of the pipeline caused by excessive local hydrogen concentration is higher. Most of the gas storages in China are located in the densely populated eastern region, and high-pressure, high-consequence areas and complex environments all put higher requirements on the safe operation of the gas storage.

[0005] At present, in the case of high hydrogen partial pressure in the pipeline, the hydrogen-containing fuel in the pipeline is usually discharged, which will cause great waste of energy, and due to the discharge of hydrogen-containing medium, fire, explosion and other dangerous accidents are easy to occur during the venting process.

[0006] Therefore, in order to promote the development of hydrogen energy industry, eliminate the technical bottlenecks in the storage and transportation of hydrogen-containing fuel, and improve the safety of hydrogen-containing storage and transportation system, it is necessary to develop a safety guarantee system and method for hydrogen-containing gas storage. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the above technical problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a hydrogen-containing gas storage safety guarantee system, method and transfer device, which avoids the hydrogen accumulation risk caused by the stratification of hydrogen-containing fuel, and avoids the high cost and safety and environmental pollution problems caused by the emission of hydrogen-containing fuel.

[0008] The first aspect of the present application discloses a hydrogen-containing gas storage safety guarantee system, which comprises a first monitoring subsystem and a transfer device, and a hydrogen-containing gas storage comprising a first gas storage layer and a second gas storage layer.

[0009] The first monitoring subsystem is arranged in the first gas storage layer and its system unit, and is used for monitoring the conditions of the hydrogen-containing fuel in the first gas storage layer, such as temperature, pressure, hydrogen concentration, etc.

[0010] The first monitoring subsystem detects the first gas storage layer and obtains the stratification conditions of the first gas storage layer, such as local hydrogen concentration or hydrogen partial pressure.

[0011] The safety guarantee system has low cost and high operability.

[0012] The safety guarantee method comprises a first scheduling method:

[0013] If yes, the hydrogen-containing fuel in the first gas storage layer is transferred to one or more second gas storage layers until the hydrogen accumulation concentration of the first gas storage layer is lower than a second threshold.

[0014] The safety guarantee method further comprises a second scheduling method:

[0015] If yes, the hydrogen-containing fuel in the first gas storage layer is transferred to one or more second gas storage layers until the hydrogen accumulation concentration of the first gas storage layer is lower than a second threshold.

[0016] If the conditions are met, the hydrogen-containing fuel from the second gas storage layer is transferred to the first gas storage layer via a bypass pipeline until the pressure is balanced.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the first monitoring subsystem detects the first gas storage layer and obtains the stratification of the first gas storage layer. If the local hydrogen accumulation concentration reaches or exceeds the first threshold, the hydrogen-containing fuel is transferred from the first gas storage layer to the second gas storage layer through the transfer device. The fluid flow disturbance during the transfer process breaks the equilibrium state of the first gas storage layer and the second gas storage layer, achieves concentration redistribution, and avoids hydrogen damage caused by the stratification of hydrogen-containing fuel. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a logic block diagram of the safety assurance system for the hydrogen-containing gas storage facility of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention.

[0020] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Hydrogen-containing gas storage tank; 11. First gas reservoir; 12. Second gas reservoir; 13. Injection and production wells; 14. Gathering and transmission pipeline; 15. First monitoring subsystem; 16. Second monitoring subsystem.

[0021] 2. Transfer device, 21. Pressurization mechanism, 22. Cooling mechanism, 25. Bypass pipeline, 26. Bypass valve. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0024] Hydrogen storage facilities are typically deployed underground, such as at depths of 700 or 4000 meters, to store hydrogen-containing fuels, such as hydrogen-blended natural gas. During operation, numerous users consume hydrogen-containing fuels, causing disturbances and flow within the storage facilities, making stratification less likely. However, during shutdowns, stratification is more likely to occur. Hydrogen, with its lower density, tends to accumulate in the upper layers of the storage facility, leading to hydrogen concentrations / partial pressures in local system units exceeding design values ​​and increasing the risk of hydrogen loss. One approach is to discharge the hydrogen-containing fuel from the storage facility, but this method involves resource waste and environmental pollution.

[0025] like Figure 1As shown, the hydrogen-containing gas storage facility 1 has multiple gas storage layers, exemplarily including a first gas storage layer 11 and multiple second gas storage layers 12. The first gas storage layer 11 and the second gas storage layer 12 are respectively equipped with the first monitoring subsystem 15 and the second monitoring subsystem 16 for monitoring the stratification of the gas storage layers. The transfer device 2 is connected at both ends to the first gas storage layer 11 and the second gas storage layer 12, respectively, for transferring hydrogen-containing fuel to disturb the first and second gas storage layers, thereby achieving a redistribution of hydrogen concentration in the gas storage layers and avoiding local hydrogen concentration or hydrogen partial pressure exceeding the standard due to hydrogen accumulation.

[0026] The first monitoring subsystem 15 and the second monitoring subsystem 16 can monitor the stratification by detecting indicators such as pressure, temperature, and hydrogen concentration in the gas reservoir through pressure detectors, temperature detectors, hydrogen concentration detectors, and stratification detection devices arranged in the gas reservoir and system units (including injection-production wells 13 or surface process systems).

[0027] In one specific embodiment, the first monitoring subsystem is further provided with a layered simulation calculation device, which simulates and calculates the layering of the gas storage layer based on the collected pressure, temperature and layered monitoring data.

[0028] The transfer device 2 includes a pressurizing mechanism 21 and / or a bypass pipeline 25. The two ends of the pressurizing mechanism 21 are connected to the first gas storage layer 11 and the second gas storage layer 12, respectively. The two ends of the bypass pipeline 25 are connected to the first gas storage layer 11 and the second gas storage layer 12, respectively. A bypass valve 26 is provided on the bypass pipeline 25.

[0029] More specifically, the output end of the pressurization mechanism 2 is also equipped with a cooling mechanism 22; both ends of the transfer device 2 are connected to the injection and production wells 13 of the first gas storage layer 11 and the second gas storage layer 12 respectively through the gathering and transportation pipeline 14. A shut-off valve may be installed on the gathering and transportation pipeline 14. The transfer device may be equipped with multiple stages of pressurization mechanism and cooling mechanism as needed.

[0030] To enable the coordinated operation of various parts of the safety assurance system, a control subsystem can also be set up. The control subsystem is electrically connected to the first monitoring subsystem 15, the second monitoring subsystem 15 arranged in the second gas storage layer 12, and the transfer device 2.

[0031] like Figure 2 The security assurance methods of the aforementioned security assurance system include a first scheduling method and a second scheduling method:

[0032] First scheduling method:

[0033] Step 101: Obtain detection data of the first gas storage layer and its system units, the detection data including hydrogen accumulation concentration.

[0034] Step 102: Determine whether the hydrogen concentration has reached or exceeded the first threshold. The first threshold can be set according to the hydrogen concentration safety threshold of the first gas storage layer and its system units.

[0035] If so, proceed to step 103: transfer the hydrogen-containing fuel from the first gas storage layer to one or more second gas storage layers until the hydrogen accumulation concentration in the first gas storage layer or its system unit is below a second threshold, or the second gas storage layer reaches the safe operating upper limit pressure. The second threshold should be significantly lower than the safe hydrogen concentration threshold.

[0036] Specifically, the hydrogen-containing fuel in the first gas storage layer 11 is transferred to the second gas storage layer 12 by the pressurization mechanism 21; and the transferred hydrogen-containing fuel is cooled by the cooling mechanism 22.

[0037] If not, proceed to step 104: continuously monitor the first gas storage layer and its system units.

[0038] Second scheduling method:

[0039] Step 111: Obtain detection data of the second gas storage layer and its system units, the detection data including hydrogen accumulation concentration.

[0040] Step 112: Determine whether the first condition is met: the pressure of the second gas storage layer is higher than that of the first gas storage layer, and the hydrogen accumulation concentration of the second gas storage layer or its system unit reaches or exceeds the first threshold.

[0041] If satisfied, proceed to step 113: transfer the hydrogen-containing fuel from the second gas storage layer to the first gas storage layer via the bypass pipeline until pressure equilibrium is reached, then close the bypass pipeline. Specifically, open the bypass valve and close the pressurization mechanism.

[0042] The first scheduling method can also be called the compression and transfer method, and the second scheduling method is called the release and pressure equalization method. By breaking the stratification of hydrogen-containing fuel through the above two methods, the safe operation of the high-pressure hydrogen-containing gas storage facility is effectively guaranteed. At the same time, it fundamentally avoids the safety problems that may be caused by venting hydrogen-containing media in hydrogen-containing pipelines, and avoids energy waste and environmental pollution, thus achieving the economical and safe operation of the hydrogen-containing gas storage facility.

[0043] The reservoir of the hydrogen-containing gas storage facility can be located in a salt cavern, oil and gas reservoir, or aquifer, but is not limited to these.

[0044] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safety assurance system for a hydrogen-containing gas storage facility, characterized in that, The hydrogen storage facility includes a first monitoring subsystem, a second monitoring subsystem, a transfer device, and a control subsystem. It also includes a first storage layer and a second storage layer. The first monitoring subsystem is located within the first gas storage layer and its system unit; The second monitoring subsystem is located within the second gas storage layer and its system units; The first gas storage layer is connected to one or more second gas storage layers via a transfer device; The transfer device includes a pressurization mechanism and a bypass pipeline. The two ends of the pressurization mechanism are connected to the first gas storage layer and the second gas storage layer, respectively. The two ends of the bypass pipeline are connected to the first gas storage layer and the second gas storage layer, respectively. A bypass valve is provided on the bypass pipeline. The control subsystem is connected to the first monitoring subsystem, the second monitoring subsystem arranged in the second gas storage layer, and the transfer device, respectively. Acquire detection data of the first gas storage layer or its system unit, the detection data including hydrogen accumulation concentration; determine whether the hydrogen accumulation concentration reaches or exceeds a first threshold; If so, the hydrogen-containing fuel in the first gas storage layer is transferred to one or more second gas storage layers until the hydrogen accumulation concentration in the first gas storage layer is lower than the second threshold. Acquire detection data of the second gas storage layer and its system units, including hydrogen accumulation concentration; determine whether the following conditions are met: the pressure of the second gas storage layer is higher than that of the first gas storage layer, and the hydrogen accumulation concentration of the second gas storage layer or its system units reaches a first threshold; if met, transfer the hydrogen-containing fuel of the second gas storage layer to the first gas storage layer through a bypass pipeline until the pressure is balanced.

2. The security system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output end of the pressurization mechanism is also equipped with a cooling mechanism; The two ends of the transfer device are connected to the injection and production wells of the first and second gas storage layers respectively via gathering and transportation pipelines.

3. The security system according to claim 2, characterized in that, A shut-off valve is installed on the gathering and transmission pipeline; The transfer device is equipped with a multi-stage pressurization mechanism and / or a multi-stage cooling mechanism.

4. The security system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first monitoring subsystem includes a pressure detector, a temperature detector, a layered detection device, and a layered simulation calculation device.

5. The security system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen-containing fuel in the first gas storage layer is transferred to the second gas storage layer through a pressurization mechanism; The transferred hydrogen-containing fuel is cooled by a cooling system.

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