A horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system

Abstract

The present invention provides a horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system, comprising: a base arranged in a tunnel and facing the tunnel excavation direction; a fitting unit arranged at the end of the base, the end face of the fitting unit being fitted on the tunnel excavation face; a plurality of signal transmitting units being arranged at intervals and penetrating the fitting unit, for transmitting electromagnetic wave signals in front of the tunnel excavation face; a plurality of signal receiving units being arranged at intervals and penetrating the fitting unit, for receiving electromagnetic wave signals; a signal processing unit being communicatively connected to the plurality of signal receiving units, for receiving the electromagnetic wave signals received by the plurality of signal receiving units and processing the signals; wherein the posture of the fitting unit relative to the base is adjustable, and the positions of the plurality of signal transmitting units and the plurality of signal receiving units on the fitting unit are adjustable, and the signal processing unit seeks the direction in which the volume of the geological defects connected in the cross section in the current tunnel extension direction is the smallest as the tunneling direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration equipment, and in particular to a horizontal drilling multi-resolution geological radar system. Background Art

[0002] The geological conditions faced by underground projects are affected by a variety of factors. The presence of faults can easily damage the medium, and karst caves can also pose significant safety hazards to the project. Therefore, before and during construction, the area through which the underground project passes needs to be surveyed to identify and circumvent or intervene in geological defects to ensure the safety and reliability of the underground project. Geological radar is often used during surveys. Geological radar measurement uses the electromagnetic waves emitted by the geological radar to propagate and reflect within the medium. It determines whether there are karst, faults, water bodies, or air pockets in the direction of the geological radar signal transmission, which may affect the safety of underground project construction. The advantages of electromagnetic waves' strong penetrating ability and non-destructive properties are combined with the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in different media and the round-trip travel time of the electromagnetic waves to determine the geological conditions of the underground area to be measured.

[0003] The frequency of electromagnetic waves is inversely proportional to their wavelength. At a fixed electromagnetic wave frequency, thin geological defects or locations may not be effectively identified. Furthermore, increasing the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves to ensure sufficient detection depth for the geological radar reduces its horizontal resolution, narrowing its search range and hindering the detection of geological defects close to the radar. CN110221340A provides a method for advanced geological prediction during tunnel excavation. This method combines seismic wave reflection with geological radar for geological prediction. It also includes the steps of advanced horizontal drilling and supplementary detection of advanced blastholes, allowing for diverse survey methods and more accurate results. However, this method is labor-intensive. In addition to advanced drilling and testing on the excavation face, further deepening blastholes, and corresponding drilling in locations with unfavorable geology, some solutions even include the installation of annular exploration holes on the wall adjacent to the excavation face, resulting in a larger construction workload within the construction area.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a horizontal drilling multi-resolution geological radar system to improve the shortcomings of the existing underground survey procedures inside tunnels, which are cumbersome and inefficient. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a horizontal drilling multi-resolution geological radar system that does not require additional holes to be opened on the surface of the tunnel and increases the engineering workload.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: The present invention provides a horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system, comprising:

[0007] A base is arranged in the tunnel and extends toward the tunneling direction;

[0008] The laminating unit is provided at the end of the base and is spaced apart from the base; the end face of the laminating unit is used to be laminating to the excavation face of the tunnel;

[0009] A plurality of signal transmitting units are arranged at intervals and through the bonding unit, and are used to transmit electromagnetic wave signals in front of the tunneling face;

[0010] A plurality of signal receiving units are arranged at intervals and through the laminating unit for receiving electromagnetic wave signals;

[0011] a signal processing unit, communicatively connected to the plurality of signal receiving units, configured to receive electromagnetic wave signals received by the plurality of signal receiving units and process the signals;

[0012] The posture of the laminating unit relative to the base is adjustable, and the positions of the plurality of signal transmitting units and the plurality of signal receiving units on the laminating unit are adjustable; and the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the signal transmitting unit is adjustable.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the profile of the tunneling surface is spherical or hemispherical; the surface of the fitting unit away from the base is in contact with the tunneling surface.

[0014] Preferably, at least one through embedding groove is provided on the side of the base close to the fitting unit, and a plurality of sliders are provided at intervals on the end surface of the fitting unit close to the base, and the plurality of sliders are all extended into the at least one embedding groove and slidably connected with the base; the contour of the extension direction of the at least one embedding groove coincides with the contour of the fitting unit; the fitting unit slides along the at least one embedding groove and rotates a certain angle relative to the vertical center plane of the contour of the excavation face.

[0015] Further preferably, the bonding unit is provided with a plurality of penetrating clamping parts in an array, and the plurality of signal transmitting units and the plurality of signal receiving units are respectively embedded in different clamping parts and detachably connected to the bonding unit;

[0016] The maximum chord length of the bonding unit is provided with a plurality of first virtual planes along the first preset direction, and adjacent first virtual planes are arranged at intervals, and each first virtual plane divides the maximum chord length equally;

[0017] A plurality of second virtual planes are arranged along a second preset direction along the maximum chord length of the bonding unit, with adjacent second virtual planes spaced apart, and each second virtual plane equally divides the maximum chord length; the first preset direction is the direction of the maximum chord length of the bonding unit in the horizontal direction, and the second preset direction is the direction of the maximum chord length of the bonding unit in the vertical direction;

[0018] One ends of the plurality of clamping parts are respectively located at the intersection of each first virtual plane and the second virtual plane on the bonding unit; the other ends of the plurality of clamping parts are all extended toward the central axis direction of the bonding unit.

[0019] Further preferably, the distance between adjacent second virtual planes is equal to the distance between adjacent first virtual planes.

[0020] Further preferably, the plurality of signal transmitting units and the plurality of signal receiving units are arranged at equal intervals relative to the central axis of the bonding unit.

[0021] Further preferably, the signal processing unit is used to receive electromagnetic wave signals received by several signal receiving units and process the signals, and one or more signal transmitting units and signal receiving units are respectively arranged at the clamping parts on both sides of the longitudinal center plane of the bonding unit, and the distances between the corresponding one or more signal transmitting units and signal receiving units and the central axis of the bonding unit are equal; each signal transmitting unit is triggered in sequence, and the reflected electromagnetic wave signal is received by the signal receiving unit; the signal processing unit estimates the volume of geological defects in the fan-shaped area in front of the excavation face based on the detection depth, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal and the round-trip time of the electromagnetic wave signal transmission.

[0022] Still further preferably, the sequential triggering of each signal emitting unit and the reception of the reflected electromagnetic wave signal by the signal receiving unit is performed by sliding the bonding unit to one end position of the embedding groove, firstly starting the signal emitting units arranged on each first virtual plane on each non-longitudinal center plane in sequence according to the distance from the horizontal center plane or the longitudinal center plane of the bonding unit from small to large, and the electromagnetic wave signal is received by the signal receiving units arranged on each first virtual plane on the non-longitudinal center plane; then starting each signal emitting unit on each second virtual plane on the non-horizontal center plane in sequence according to the distance from each second virtual plane to the horizontal center plane of the bonding unit, and the electromagnetic wave signal is received by the corresponding signal receiving units arranged on each second virtual plane on the non-horizontal center plane; then adjusting the position of the bonding unit in the embedding groove, and repeating the above process until the bonding unit slides to one end position of the embedding groove; then adjusting the center frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal of the signal emitting unit, and repeating the above process.

[0023] Further preferably, the signal processing unit estimates the volume of the geological defects in the fan-shaped area in front of the excavation face based on the detection depth, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal and the round-trip time of the electromagnetic wave signal transmission, determines when each signal transmitting unit is started, obtains the round-trip time at the signal receiving unit symmetrically arranged with the currently working signal transmitting unit, and calculates the thickness of the geological defect based on the relative conductivity coefficient and the speed of the electromagnetic wave in the medium; fits the cross-section of the geological defect based on whether there is a sudden change in the time difference between the reception time of the reflected electromagnetic wave signal obtained by the adjacent signal receiving units on the first virtual plane or the second virtual plane within the measurement time window and the time when the signal transmitting unit transmits the electromagnetic wave signal; and obtains the volume of the geological defect based on the cross-section of the geological defect and the thickness of the geological defect.

[0024] More preferably, the signal processing unit further selects a direction with the smallest volume of geological defects connected to the excavation face of the current tunnel as the excavation direction according to the acquired volume of the geological defects.

[0025] The horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0026] (1) This solution provides a swingable fitting unit on the end face of the tunnel in the direction of excavation, which facilitates the scanning of the geological conditions in the excavation direction and its vicinity, and obtains the distribution of underground geological defects in a larger range, thereby better selecting the optimal excavation direction and reducing the auxiliary construction work and reinforcement measures;

[0027] (2) This solution does not require the opening of deep holes on the excavation face and its adjacent faces, which can save a lot of time for auxiliary detection, reduce the excavation workload, and improve work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 A top view of a horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA cross-sectional view;

[0031] Figure 3 A three-dimensional diagram of a bonding unit of a horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a front view of a bonding unit of a horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a partial schematic diagram of the clamping parts, signal transmitting unit and signal receiving unit of the second virtual plane of a horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a signal transmitting unit and a signal receiving unit arranged across a first virtual plane and / or a second virtual plane in a horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of another signal transmitting unit and signal receiving unit of a horizontal drilling multi-resolution geological radar system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] like Figure 1 — Figure 5 As shown, the present invention provides a horizontal drilling multi-resolution geological radar system, including a base 1, a bonding unit 2, a plurality of signal transmitting units 3, a plurality of signal receiving units 4 and a signal processing unit 5.

[0038] Among them, the base 1 is arranged in the tunnel and extends toward the tunnel excavation direction; the base 1 is the installation basis for the bonding unit 2, a plurality of signal transmitting units 3, a plurality of signal receiving units 4 and a signal processing unit 5, and can be moved relative to the tunnel. As a preferred content, the base 1 can lift the bonding unit 2 to a suitable height so that the bonding unit 2 can be better aligned with the center direction of the excavation surface.

[0039] The bonding unit 2 is arranged at the end of the base 1 and is spaced relative to the base 1; the end face of the bonding unit 2 is used to be bonded to the tunnel excavation surface; the bonding unit 2 is used to closely bond to the tunnel excavation surface on the one hand, and to fix the relative positions of each signal transmitting unit 3 and each signal receiving unit 4 on the other hand.

[0040] A plurality of signal transmitting units 3 are arranged at intervals and through the bonding unit 2, and are used to transmit electromagnetic wave signals in front of the excavation face; the center frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal is directly related to the maximum detection depth of the geological radar.

[0041] Several signal receiving units 4 are arranged at intervals and through the bonding unit 2 for receiving electromagnetic wave signals; the signal receiving units 4 and the signal transmitting units 3 appear in pairs for receiving electromagnetic wave signals reflected by geological interfaces and underground geological defects.

[0042] The signal processing unit 5 is communicatively connected to the plurality of signal receiving units 4, and is used to receive the electromagnetic wave signals received by the plurality of signal receiving units 4 and process the signals; the signal processing unit 5 determines the relationship between the contour of the underground geological defect and the excavation surface based on the received reflected electromagnetic wave signals, thereby selecting the optimal excavation direction, reducing the construction workload, and stabilizing the project quality.

[0043] The position of the bonding unit 2 relative to the base 1 is adjustable, and the positions of the signal transmitting units 3 and the signal receiving units 4 on the bonding unit 2 are adjustable. To detect underground geological defects at different distances from the excavation face, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the signal transmitting unit 3 can be adjusted as needed.

[0044] In order to achieve a better fitting effect, the contour of the excavation surface is spherical or hemispherical; the surface of the fitting unit 2 away from the base 1 is against the excavation surface, such as Figure 1 Combine Figure 3 As shown, the fitting unit 2 is also spherical or hemispherical, but the projection area of ​​the end face of the fitting unit 2 in the vertical direction does not exceed the projection area of ​​the excavation face in the vertical direction.

[0045] To facilitate adjustment of the relative position of the bonding unit 2 relative to the base 1 or the central axis of the tunneling face, and to capture a larger area of ​​the surrounding geological environment in the direction of the tunneling face's advance, the base 1 is provided with at least one through-groove 100. The end surface of the bonding unit 2, near the base 1, is provided with a plurality of sliders 200 spaced apart. Each slider 200 extends into the at least one groove 100 and is slidably connected to the base 1. The contour of the at least one groove 100 coincides with the contour of the bonding unit 2. The bonding unit 2 slides along the at least one groove 100 and rotates a certain angle relative to the vertical center plane of the tunneling face's contour. Each time the bonding unit 2 slides along the at least one groove 100, the edges of the corresponding detection areas can partially overlap. This avoids the risk of blind spots and fully captures the conditions of underground geological defects within a certain distance ahead of the tunneling face. In a preferred embodiment, the angle at which the bonding unit 2 slides along the at least one groove 100 does not exceed 1 / 6 to 1 / 5 of the central angle of the at least one groove 100.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, in order to facilitate assembly, sliding and position locking, at least one embedding groove 100 is provided with an arc-shaped through-groove body with an opening, and the surface of the fitting unit 2 close to the base 1 is provided with an arc-shaped columnar slider 200 extending outward to form sufficient surface contact. In order to lock the position of the slider 200 after sliding, a through-locking locking member such as a pin or a bolt can be provided on the side of the slide groove 100 away from the opening direction, and a corresponding blind hole can be provided on the slider 200.

[0047] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in order to arrange the signal transmitting units 3 and the signal receiving units 4 at equal intervals, a plurality of penetrating clip portions 201 are arranged in an array on the bonding unit 2, and the plurality of signal transmitting units 3 and the plurality of signal receiving units 4 are respectively embedded in different clip portions 201 and detachably connected to the bonding unit 2.

[0048] The clamping portion 201 is obtained as follows: a plurality of first virtual planes 300 are provided along a first preset direction along the maximum chord length of the bonding unit 2, and adjacent first virtual planes 300 are provided at intervals, and each first virtual plane 300 divides the maximum chord length equally;

[0049] A plurality of second virtual planes 400 are arranged along the maximum chord length of the bonding unit 2 along a second preset direction. Adjacent second virtual planes 400 are arranged at intervals, and each second virtual plane 400 divides the maximum chord length equally. The first preset direction is the direction of the maximum chord length of the bonding unit 2 in the horizontal direction, and the second preset direction is the direction of the maximum chord length of the bonding unit 2 in the vertical direction.

[0050] One end of each of the clamping portions 201 is located at the intersection of each of the first virtual planes 300 and the second virtual plane 400 on the laminating unit 2; the other ends of each of the clamping portions 201 extend toward the central axis of the laminating unit 2. The illustrated first virtual screens are planes spaced apart in the vertical direction, such as 300A, 300B, 300C, ..., 300H. The number of illustrated first virtual planes 300 is eight, excluding the longitudinal center plane of the laminating unit 2. However, this should not be considered a limitation on the number of first virtual planes 300; the actual number can be increased or decreased as needed. The same applies to the number of second virtual planes 400, except that each second virtual plane 400 is parallel to the horizontal center plane of the laminating unit 2.

[0051] As a preferred embodiment, in this solution, the distance between adjacent second virtual planes 400 is equal to the distance between adjacent first virtual planes 300, that is, the distance between adjacent first virtual planes 300 or adjacent second virtual planes 400 does not exceed 150 mm.

[0052] A plurality of signal transmitting units 3 and a plurality of signal receiving units 4 are arranged at equal intervals relative to the central axis of the bonding unit 2, that is, the signal transmitting units 3 and signal receiving units 4 arranged in pairs have equal angles with the central axis of the bonding unit 2 and are at equal distances from the central axis of the bonding unit 2.

[0053] The signal processing unit 5 is used to receive and process the electromagnetic wave signals received by the signal receiving units 4. One or more signal transmitting units 3 and signal receiving units 4 are respectively disposed on the clamping portion 201 on both sides of the longitudinal center plane of the bonding unit 2, and the corresponding one or more signal transmitting units 3 and signal receiving units 4 are equidistant from the central axis of the bonding unit 2. Each signal transmitting unit 3 is triggered in sequence, and the signal receiving unit 4 receives the reflected electromagnetic wave signal. The signal processing unit 5 estimates the volume of geological defects in the fan-shaped area ahead of the tunneling face based on the detection depth, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal, and the round-trip time of the electromagnetic wave signal transmission. The volume of the area connected to the possible geological defects in the current tunneling face extension direction is determined, and the direction with the smallest volume of the area connected to the geological defect is selected as the subsequent tunneling direction.

[0054] Specifically, the bonding unit 2 is slid to an end position of the embedding groove 100, such as the initial position of the starting end. First, one or more signal emitting units 3 and signal receiving units 4 are sequentially activated in the order of distance from the horizontal center plane or the longitudinal center plane of the bonding unit 2 from small to large, and the signal emitting units 3 arranged on each first virtual plane 300 on each non-longitudinal center plane are activated, and the electromagnetic wave signals are received by the signal receiving units 4 arranged on each first virtual plane 300 on the non-longitudinal center plane; Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, taking each first virtual plane 300 as an example, the first virtual planes 300A and 300B are at equal distances from the longitudinal center plane, the first virtual planes 300C and 300D are at equal distances from the longitudinal center plane, the first virtual planes 300E and 300F are at equal distances from the longitudinal center plane, and the first virtual planes 300G and 300H are at equal distances from the longitudinal center plane. Figure 5As shown, when executing this step, the signal transmitting units 3 on the longitudinal center plane can be activated sequentially in order of distance from the longitudinal center plane from smallest to largest. For example, one or more signal transmitting units 3 on the first virtual plane 300B on the right side of the longitudinal center plane are activated first, and then the signal receiving units 4 on the first virtual planes 300A, 300C, 300E, and 300G on the left side of the longitudinal center plane receive electromagnetic wave signals respectively; then one or more signal transmitting units 3 on the first virtual plane 300D are activated, and so on. Multiple signal transmitting units 3 located on the same side of the longitudinal center plane and passing through the same first virtual plane can be activated alternately in a manner of first the middle and then the two sections. Figure 5 The dotted line in the figure corresponds to a correspondence between a group of signal transmitting units 3 and signal receiving units 4 , but the dotted line does not fully reflect the correspondence between each signal receiving unit 4 and the signal transmitting unit 3 . Figure 6 The figure shows a correspondence between multiple signal transmitting units 3 and signal receiving units 4 in any plane passing through the dotted line portion in Figure 5. Assuming that the reflections of electromagnetic wave signals in this plane are one-to-one, such as A1O1A2, A3O2A4, A5O3A6, and A7O4A8, this figure only reflects the boundary conditions of underground geological defects within the current cross-section, and does not reflect the specific content of adjacent areas on the plane.

[0055] After completing the previous step, if Figure 7 As shown, then according to the distance between each second virtual plane 400 and the horizontal center plane of the bonding unit 2, each signal transmitting unit 3 on each second virtual plane 400 of the non-horizontal center plane is started in sequence, and the electromagnetic wave signal is received by the corresponding signal receiving unit 4 on each second virtual plane 400 set on the non-horizontal center plane; then the position of the bonding unit 2 in the embedding groove 100 is adjusted, and the above process is repeated until the bonding unit 2 slides to the end position of the embedding groove 100; similarly, the second virtual planes 400A and 400B are at an equal distance from the horizontal center plane, the second virtual planes 400C and 400D are at an equal distance from the horizontal center plane, the second virtual planes 400E and 400F are at an equal distance from the horizontal center plane, and the second virtual planes 400G and 400H are at an equal distance from the horizontal center plane. Figure 7For example, first activate one or more signal transmitting units 3 on the second virtual plane 400A above the horizontal center plane, and correspondingly activate the signal receiving units 4 on the second virtual planes 400B, 400D, 400F, and 400H below the horizontal center plane to receive electromagnetic wave signals, respectively. Then, activate the signal transmitting units 3 on 400C, 400E, and 400G. Similar to the previous step, multiple signal transmitting units 3 on the same second virtual plane on the same side of the horizontal center plane can be activated alternately in a manner of first the middle and then the two sections. The above two steps perform two searches of an area in front of the excavation face in an approximately orthogonal manner, then change the posture of the bonding unit 2 relative to the excavation face and search again until the other end of the embedded slot 100 is reached, forming a complete search process.

[0056] The above process is executed as a loop. During the detection process, the center frequency of each signal transmitting unit 3 remains unchanged; then the center frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal of the signal transmitting unit 3 is adjusted, and the above process is repeated to complete the entire multi-resolution, multi-band retrieval process.

[0057] The signal processing unit 5 estimates the volume of the geological defects in the fan-shaped area in front of the tunneling face by determining the round-trip time at the signal receiving unit 4 symmetrically arranged with the currently working signal transmitting unit 3 when each signal transmitting unit 3 is activated, and calculating the thickness of the geological defects based on the relative conductivity and the speed of the electromagnetic wave signal in the medium; here, the relative dielectric constant ξ is set as r The formula is ξ r =(ft / 2d) 2 ,v=(2d / t)×10 9 , where f is the lower limit size of the geological defect; t is the round-trip time at the signal receiving unit 4 symmetrically arranged with the currently working signal transmitting unit 3; d is the thickness of the geological defect; and v is the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave signal in the current underground medium.

[0058] Then, the cross-sectional shape of the geological defect is fitted based on whether there is a sudden change in the time difference between the reception time of the reflected electromagnetic wave signal obtained by the adjacent signal receiving unit 4 on the first virtual plane 300 or the second virtual plane 400 and the time when the electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted by the signal transmitting unit 3 within the measurement time window; the volume of the geological defect is obtained based on the cross-sectional shape of the geological defect and the thickness of the geological defect. The cross-sectional shape of the geological defect to be fitted needs to be multiplied by the area correction coefficient. The area correction coefficient is proportional to the angle between the signal transmitting unit 3 and the signal receiving unit 4 in the same plane and the maximum detection range of the geological radar at the current center frequency. Whether the time difference mentioned here is a sudden change indicates that the difference in the round-trip time between the adjacent signal receiving unit 4 exceeds 5% of the average value of the round-trip time difference; the cross-sectional shape of the geological defect can be fitted using the plane discrete point fitting curve tool in MATLAB. The fitted curve is a circle or ellipse, and the area of ​​the circle or ellipse is calculated. The area correction coefficient is then used to correct the area of ​​the circle or ellipse and multiply it by the thickness of the geological defect obtained in the previous step to obtain the volume of the geological defect. Area correction coefficient S d The calculation is done using the following formula: Wherein, α is the maximum value of the angle between the signal transmitting unit 3 and the signal receiving unit 4 in the same plane where the time difference mutation occurs; α0 is the central angle corresponding to the embedded groove 100; D is the maximum detection distance of the geological radar at the current center frequency; β is the adjustment factor, and the value range is (0.1, 0.9).

[0059] Finally, the signal processing unit 5 selects the direction with the smallest volume of geological defects connected to the current tunnel excavation face as the excavation direction according to the acquired volume of the geological defects.

[0060] The specific restrictions on the excavation direction are as follows: 1) The direction with the smallest volume fitted by the signal processing unit 5 shall not be smaller than the minimum turning radius of the excavation machinery; 2) The volume of geological defects completely located in the internal area of ​​the excavation face shall not be considered; 3) The volume of the geological defects connected to the excavation face of the current tunnel is the cumulative sum of the volumes of all geological defects within the corresponding area of ​​the maximum detection of the geological radar in the extension direction of the excavation face and the volumes outside the excavation face section and directly connected.

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system, characterized in that: include: A base (1) is arranged in the tunnel and extends in the direction of tunnel excavation; The laminating unit (2) is arranged at the end of the base (1) and is spaced apart from the base (1); the end face of the laminating unit (2) is used to be laminating to the excavation face of the tunnel; A plurality of signal transmitting units (3) are arranged at intervals and through the laminating unit (2) and are used to transmit electromagnetic wave signals in front of the tunneling face; A plurality of signal receiving units (4) are arranged at intervals and through the laminating unit (2) for receiving electromagnetic wave signals; a signal processing unit (5), communicatively connected to the plurality of signal receiving units (4), and configured to receive electromagnetic wave signals received by the plurality of signal receiving units (4) and process the signals; The posture of the laminating unit (2) relative to the base (1) is adjustable, and the positions of the plurality of signal transmitting units (3) and the plurality of signal receiving units (4) on the laminating unit (2) are adjustable; the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal emitted by the signal transmitting unit (3) is adjustable; At least one through-embedded groove (100) is provided on one side of the base (1) close to the fitting unit (2); a plurality of sliders (200) are provided at intervals on the end surface of the fitting unit (2) close to the base (1); the plurality of sliders (200) all extend into the at least one embedding groove (100) and are slidably connected to the base (1); the contour of the extension direction of the at least one embedding groove (100) coincides with the contour of the fitting unit (2); the fitting unit (2) slides along the at least one embedding groove (100) and rotates at a certain angle relative to the vertical center plane of the contour of the excavation face.

2. The horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The profile of the excavation surface is spherical or hemispherical; the surface of the fitting unit (2) away from the base (1) abuts against the excavation surface.

3. The horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bonding unit (2) is provided with a plurality of penetrating clamping parts (201) in an array, and a plurality of signal transmitting units (3) and a plurality of signal receiving units (4) are respectively embedded in different clamping parts (201) and are detachably connected to the bonding unit (2); A plurality of first virtual planes (300) are provided along a first preset direction along the maximum chord length of the laminating unit (2), adjacent first virtual planes (300) are arranged at intervals, and each first virtual plane (300) divides the maximum chord length equally; A plurality of second virtual planes (400) are arranged along a second preset direction along the maximum chord length of the laminating unit (2), and adjacent second virtual planes (400) are arranged at intervals, and each second virtual plane (400) divides the maximum chord length equally; the first preset direction is the direction of the maximum chord length of the laminating unit (2) in the horizontal direction, and the second preset direction is the direction of the maximum chord length of the laminating unit (2) in the vertical direction; One end of each of the clamping portions (201) is located at the intersection of each first virtual plane (300) and the second virtual plane (400) on the laminating unit (2); the other ends of each of the clamping portions (201) are extended toward the central axis of the laminating unit (2).

4. The horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The distance between adjacent second virtual planes (400) is equal to the distance between adjacent first virtual planes (300).

5. The horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The plurality of signal transmitting units (3) and the plurality of signal receiving units (4) are arranged at equal intervals relative to the central axis of the laminating unit (2).

6. The horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The signal processing unit (5) is used to receive electromagnetic wave signals received by a plurality of signal receiving units (4) and process the signals. One or more signal transmitting units (3) and signal receiving units (4) are respectively arranged correspondingly on the clamping parts (201) on both sides of the longitudinal center plane of the bonding unit (2), and the distances between the corresponding one or more signal transmitting units (3) and signal receiving units (4) and the central axis of the bonding unit (2) are equal; each signal transmitting unit (3) is triggered in sequence, and the signal receiving unit (4) receives the reflected electromagnetic wave signal; the signal processing unit (5) estimates the volume of the geological defect in the fan-shaped area in front of the tunneling face according to the detection depth, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal and the round-trip time of the electromagnetic wave signal transmission.

7. The horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method of sequentially triggering each signal emitting unit (3) and receiving the reflected electromagnetic wave signal by the signal receiving unit (4) is to slide the bonding unit (2) to an end position of the embedding groove (100), firstly, one or more signal emitting units (3) and signal receiving units (4) are sequentially activated on each first virtual plane (300) arranged on each non-longitudinal center plane in the order of distance from the horizontal center plane or the longitudinal center plane of the bonding unit (2) from small to large, and the electromagnetic wave signal is received by the signal receiving units (4) arranged on each first virtual plane (300) on the non-longitudinal center plane; and then, each signal emitting unit (3) on each second virtual plane (400) on the non-horizontal center plane is sequentially activated in accordance with the distance from each second virtual plane (400) to the horizontal center plane of the bonding unit (2), and the electromagnetic wave signal is received by the signal receiving units (4) arranged on each second virtual plane (400) on the non-horizontal center plane; Then, the position of the bonding unit (2) in the embedding groove (100) is adjusted, and the above process is repeated until the bonding unit (2) slides to the position of one end of the embedding groove (100); then, the center frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal of the signal transmitting unit (3) is adjusted, and the above process is repeated.

8. The horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The signal processing unit (5) estimates the volume of the geological defect in the fan-shaped area in front of the tunneling face according to the detection depth, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave signal and the round-trip time of the electromagnetic wave signal transmission. The method is to determine the round-trip time at the signal receiving unit (4) symmetrically arranged with the currently working signal transmitting unit (3) when each signal transmitting unit (3) is started, and calculate the thickness of the geological defect according to the relative conductivity and the speed of the electromagnetic wave in the medium; fit the cross section of the geological defect according to whether the time difference between the reception time of the reflected electromagnetic wave signal obtained by the adjacent signal receiving unit (4) on the first virtual plane (300) or the second virtual plane (400) within the measurement time window and the time when the signal transmitting unit (3) transmits the electromagnetic wave signal suddenly changes; and obtain the volume of the geological defect according to the cross section of the geological defect and the thickness of the geological defect.

9. The horizontal borehole multi-resolution geological radar system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The signal processing unit (5) further selects the direction with the smallest volume of geological defects connected to the current tunnel excavation face as the excavation direction based on the acquired volume of the geological defects.

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