A rotating shaft and end cap cooperation structure and design method, and abnormal sound solving method

Abstract

The application discloses a rotating shaft and end cover cooperation structure and design method, and a abnormal sound solving method. The rotating shaft and end cover cooperation structure comprises an end cover, a rotating shaft and an assembly, the assembly is composed of a plurality of cylindrical rollers and a retainer, the rotating shaft passes through the end cover through the assembly, the end cover is provided with a first limiting surface, the rotating shaft is provided with a second limiting surface, the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface are arranged along the direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft axis, and the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface can limit the movable range of the cylindrical roller in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and the distance between the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface is greater than the axial length of the cylindrical roller. At the beginning of design, the narrow part of the cylindrical roller raceway is eliminated, so that the phenomenon that the cylindrical roller is axially extruded when revolving is weakened or eliminated, and then the impact on the rotating shaft is reduced, that is, the torque and the rotating speed fluctuation of the rotating shaft are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of end cap assembly technology, specifically to a mating structure and design method for a rotating shaft and an end cap, and a solution to abnormal noise. Background Technology

[0002] In automotive transmissions or clutches, there are often shafts that extend through the housing. Since the shaft needs to rotate while the housing or wall remains stationary, bearings are typically used to achieve the fit between them. For assembly structures using cylindrical roller bearings, the fit between the shaft and the end cover is simplified, such as... Figure 1 The diagram shows an ideal scenario where the shaft 2 and end cap 1 form a uniform annular raceway after assembly. The rollers experience uniform force and rotate smoothly within this raceway. However, in actual manufacturing and assembly, the roller raceway formed by the shaft 2 and end cap 1 cannot be a perfect annular shape; it will always form something like... Figure 2 As shown, with one side higher than the other, the axial force on the roller will inevitably differ when the roller revolves through a narrower and a wider axial space. This difference will cause fluctuations in torque and speed of the shaft 2 during rotation, which will be transmitted to the rear end and affect the transmission quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fitting structure and design method for a rotating shaft and an end cover, a solution to abnormal noise, to weaken the torque and speed fluctuations of the rotating shaft, to improve the torque transmission quality of the vehicle, and to improve the drivability of the power system.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a mating structure of a rotating shaft and an end cap, including an end cap, a rotating shaft, and an assembly. The assembly consists of a plurality of cylindrical rollers and a cage. The rotating shaft rotates through the end cap via the assembly. The end cap is provided with a first limiting surface, and the rotating shaft is provided with a second limiting surface. Both the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft, and their cooperation can limit the axial movement range of the cylindrical rollers on the rotating shaft. The distance between the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface is greater than the axial length of the cylindrical roller, so that the two ends of the cylindrical roller are not squeezed by the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface during rotation.

[0005] Furthermore, B > H, where B is the absolute value of the difference between the distance between the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface and the axial length of the cylindrical roller, and H is a set threshold.

[0006] Furthermore, H is set according to the form and position tolerances of the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface.

[0007] Furthermore, H is calculated from the parallelism of the first limiting surface, the parallelism and flatness of the second limiting surface, and the safety factor. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0008] H = (p1 + p2 + c) * k;

[0009] Where p1 is the parallelism of the first limiting surface relative to datum A; p2 is the parallelism of the second limiting plane relative to datum A; c is the flatness of the second limiting surface; k is the safety factor; and A is a datum plane used in the assembly or design of the rotating shaft and end cap.

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a design method for the mating structure of the aforementioned rotating shaft and end cap, comprising the following steps:

[0011] The distance between the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface is designed based on the axial length of the cylindrical roller, the parallelism of the first limiting surface, and the parallelism and flatness of the second limiting surface.

[0012] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a solution to abnormal noise based on the above-mentioned mating structure of the shaft and end cover, which is used to solve the abnormal noise problem of the shaft of the gearbox or clutch, including the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Remove the end cap corresponding to the shaft that is making the abnormal noise;

[0014] Step 2: Remove a layer of thickness m from the first limiting surface of the end cap so that the two ends of the cylindrical roller will not be squeezed by the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface during rotation.

[0015] Furthermore, the value of m is calculated based on the parallelism of the first limiting surface and the parallelism and flatness of the second limiting surface. Preferably, m > H.

[0016] In summary, by adopting the above-mentioned fitting structure and design method of the shaft and end cover, and the solution to the abnormal noise, by designing the distance between the first limiting surface and the second limiting surface to be greater than the axial length of the cylindrical roller, the narrow part of the cylindrical roller raceway is eliminated at the beginning of the design, thereby weakening or eliminating the phenomenon of axial extrusion force when the cylindrical roller revolves, and thus reducing the impact on the shaft, that is, reducing the torque and speed fluctuation of the shaft. Attached Figure Description

[0017] In the attached diagram:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of the ideal fit between the rotating shaft and the end cap of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a simplified structural diagram of the actual fit between the rotating shaft and the end cap of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the mating structure between the rotating shaft and the end cap of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the assembly structure of the rotating shaft and end cap of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of the image.

[0023] In the figure, 1 is the end cap; 101 is the bottom of the bowl; 102 is the bowl rim; 11 is the first limiting surface; 12 is the central hole; 13 is the outer ring structure; 14 is the first annular groove; 15 is the first slope; 2 is the rotating shaft; 21 is the second limiting surface; 22 is the first shaft segment; 23 is the shaft shoulder; 24 is the second annular groove; 3 is the assembly; 31 is the cylindrical roller; and 32 is the cage. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that these descriptions of embodiments are for the purpose of helping to understand the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0025] Figure 1-5 This invention illustrates a mating structure between a shaft and an end cover. To simplify the structure, the outer ring of the cylindrical roller bearing is integrated onto the end cover 1. Specifically, the inner ring sidewall of the end cover 1 is designed to act as the outer ring of the cylindrical roller bearing, and the outer ring remains fixed along with the end cover 1. The inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing is integrated onto the shaft 2. Specifically, a portion of the outer sidewall of the shaft 2 directly serves as the inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing. Thus, the cylindrical roller bearing consists only of the cylindrical rollers 31 fixed by the cage 32. This results in a simple, space-saving structure that is easy to assemble. During operation, the cylindrical rollers 31 rotate and revolve.

[0026] like Figure 1-5 As shown, the mating structure of the rotating shaft and the end cover includes an end cover 1, a rotating shaft 2, and an assembly 3. The assembly 3 consists of several cylindrical rollers 31 and a retainer 32. The rotating shaft 2 rotates through the end cover 1 via the assembly 3. The end cover 1 is provided with a first limiting surface 11, and the rotating shaft 2 is provided with a second limiting surface 21. The first limiting surface 11 and the second limiting surface 21 are both arranged in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft 2, and their cooperation can limit the range of movement of the cylindrical rollers 31 in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 2. The distance between the first limiting surface 11 and the second limiting surface 21 is greater than the axial length of the cylindrical rollers 31, so that the two ends of the cylindrical rollers 31 will not be squeezed by the first limiting surface 11 and the second limiting surface 21 during rotation.

[0027] The first limiting surface 11 is a plane perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft 2 on the structure of the end cover 1 that serves as the outer ring of the cylindrical roller bearing; the second limiting surface 21 is a plane perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft 2 at the shaft section that serves as the inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing. When the distance between the two limiting surfaces exceeds the axial length of the cylindrical roller 31, the cylindrical roller 31 will not be squeezed during its rotation, thus reducing the torque and speed fluctuations during the rotation of the rotating shaft 2.

[0028] Optionally, B > H, where B is the absolute value of the difference between the distance between the first limiting surface 11 and the second limiting surface 21 and the axial length of the cylindrical roller 31, and H is a set threshold.

[0029] Optionally, H is set based on the form and position tolerances of the first limiting surface 11 and the second limiting surface 21. H is calculated from the parallelism of the first limiting surface 11, the parallelism and flatness of the second limiting surface 21, and a safety factor. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0030] H = (p1 + p2 + c) * k;

[0031] Where p1 is the parallelism of the first limiting surface 11 relative to the reference A; p2 is the parallelism of the second limiting surface 21 relative to the reference A; c is the flatness of the second limiting surface 21; k is the safety factor; and A is a reference plane when the rotating shaft and the end cover are assembled or designed.

[0032] Let: the distance between the first limiting surface 11 and the second limiting surface 21 be d1, which is calculated from the basic dimensions of the first limiting surface 11 and the second limiting surface 21 relative to the same reference surface A; and let the axial length of the cylindrical roller 31 be d2; then:

[0033] B > H means: d1 - d2 > (p1 + p2 + c) * k, that is, d1 > (p1 + p2 + c) * k + d2.

[0034] Optionally, the ends of the cylindrical rollers 31 are chamfered. When the shaft 2 is tilted relative to the end cover 1, the chamfer will reduce the axial length of the tilted cylindrical rollers 31 and reduce axial compression.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, the end cap 1 is provided with a central hole 12 for the rotating shaft 2 to pass through and an outer ring structure 13 that rotates and engages with the component 3. The outer ring structure 13 is an L-shaped ring, and the inner side of the end of the ring is the first limiting surface 11.

[0036] The outer ring structure 13 serves as the outer ring of the bearing. The inner side of the vertical part of the L-shaped main body rolls in contact with the cylindrical roller 31 on the assembly 3. The bottom surface of the horizontal part is the first limiting surface 11, which is aligned with part of the end face of the cylindrical roller 31. Care should be taken to avoid the cage 32.

[0037] Optionally, the end cap 1 is bowl-shaped, including a bowl bottom 101 and a bowl rim 102. The bowl bottom 101 is pedestal-shaped and has a central hole 12 coaxially. A first annular groove 14 is coaxially formed on the end face of the bowl bottom 101 near the bowl rim 102. An outer ring structure 13 is provided on the inner side of the outer circle of the first annular groove 14.

[0038] The end cap 1 has a bowl-shaped structure, which provides high structural strength and facilitates fixation. The outer ring structure 13 is cleverly designed to be mounted and fixed using the inner surface of the outer circle of the first annular groove 14. During assembly, the outer ring structure 13 can be press-fitted to the end cap 1 first, and then installed onto the outside of the assembly 13. A sealing structure, such as a sealing lip, can be provided between the central hole 12 and the rotating shaft 2.

[0039] Optionally, the rotating shaft 2 is provided with a first shaft segment 22 that is rotatably fitted with the component 3. A shoulder 23 is provided on one side of the first shaft segment 22. The side of the shoulder 23 near the first shaft segment 22 is the second limiting surface 21. A second annular groove 24 is opened on the end face of the first shaft segment 22 away from the shoulder 23.

[0040] The first shaft segment 22 and the shoulder 23 of the rotating shaft 2 directly serve as the inner ring of the bearing. The outer side of the first shaft segment 22 makes rolling contact with the cylindrical roller 31 on the assembly 3. In order to avoid the cage 32, the end face of the shoulder 23 is the second limiting surface 21, which is directly aligned with the other end face of the cylindrical roller 31. The second annular groove 24 is used to avoid the hole wall between the central hole 12 and the first annular groove 14.

[0041] Optionally, a first slope 15 is provided at the end of the side wall of the first annular groove 14 near the central hole 12. The first slope 15 makes the opening of the first annular groove 14 gradually larger. Correspondingly, a second slope is also provided on the outer circular side wall of the second annular groove 24, making the opening of the second annular groove 24 gradually larger. After installation, the first slope 15 is aligned with the second profile.

[0042] This design provides ample adjustable allowance and a guiding structure when assembling the end cap 1 onto the rotating shaft 2, reducing the difficulty of aligning the outer ring structure 13 with the component 3, making installation easy and demonstrating a clever structural design.

[0043] Optionally, the sidewall height of the first annular groove 14 near the central hole 12 is lower than that of the other side, which further facilitates the assembly of the end cap 1.

[0044] right Figure 3 For the structure shown, d2 = 6 mm; p2 = 0.10 mm; p1 = 0.06 mm; c = 0.02 mm. Taking a safety factor k = 1.5, then d1 > (0.1 + 0.06 + 0.02) * 1.5 + 6 = 6.27 mm.

[0045] During assembly, the end cap 1, the rotating shaft 2 and the component 3 are assembled so that the distance between the first limiting surface 11 and the second limiting surface 21 is greater than the axial length of the cylindrical roller 31.

[0046] The present invention provides a design method for the mating structure of the aforementioned rotating shaft and end cap, comprising the following steps: the distance between the first limiting surface 11 and the second limiting surface 21 is designed and determined based on: the axial length of the cylindrical roller 31, the parallelism of the first limiting surface 11, and the parallelism and flatness of the second limiting surface 21, as specified in the formula:

[0047] d1>(p1+p2+c)*k+d2.

[0048] This invention provides a solution to abnormal noise based on the aforementioned mating structure of the shaft and end cover, used to resolve abnormal noise problems in the shaft 2 of a gearbox or clutch, comprising the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Remove the end cap 1 corresponding to the shaft 2 that is making the abnormal noise;

[0050] Step 2: Remove a layer of thickness m from the first limiting surface 11 of the end cap 1 so that the two ends of the cylindrical roller 31 will not be squeezed by the first limiting surface 11 and the second limiting surface 21 during rotation.

[0051] In step two, it is only necessary to thin the area on the first limiting surface 11 corresponding to the end face of the cylindrical roller 31, removing a layer of thickness m. The value of m is calculated based on the parallelism of the first limiting surface and the parallelism and flatness of the second limiting surface, and can be taken as: m > H.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit its scope of protection. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that after reading the present invention, they can still make various changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions to the specific implementation of the invention, but these changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions are all within the scope of protection of the pending claims of the invention.

Claims

1. A mating structure between a rotating shaft and an end cap, characterized in that, The assembly includes an end cap (1), a rotating shaft (2), and a component (3). The component (3) consists of several cylindrical rollers (31) and a cage (32). The rotating shaft (2) rotates through the end cap (1) via the component (3). The end cap (1) is provided with a first limiting surface (11), and the rotating shaft (2) is provided with a second limiting surface (21). The first limiting surface (11) and the second limiting surface (21) are both arranged in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the rotating shaft (2), and the two cooperate to limit the movable range of the cylindrical rollers (31) in the axial direction of the rotating shaft (2). The distance between the first limiting surface (11) and the second limiting surface (21) is greater than the axial length of the cylindrical rollers (31), so that the two ends of the cylindrical rollers (31) will not be squeezed by the first limiting surface (11) and the second limiting surface (21) during rotation. B > H, where B is the absolute value of the difference between the distance between the first limiting surface (11) and the second limiting surface (21) and the axial length of the cylindrical roller (31), and H is a set threshold. H is calculated from the parallelism of the first limiting surface (11), the parallelism and flatness of the second limiting surface (21), and the safety factor. The calculation formula is as follows: H = (p1 + p2 + c) * k; Wherein, p1 is the parallelism of the first limiting surface (11) relative to the reference A; p2 is the parallelism of the second limiting surface (21) relative to the reference A; c is the flatness of the second limiting surface (21); k is the safety factor; and A is a reference plane when the rotating shaft (2) and the end cap (1) are assembled or designed. The end cap (1) is provided with an outer ring structure (13) that rotates with the component (3). The outer ring structure (13) is an L-shaped ring with an inner side surface at the end of the ring, which is the first limiting surface (11). The rotating shaft (2) is provided with a first shaft segment (22) that is rotatably fitted to the component (3). A shoulder (23) is provided on one side of the first shaft segment (22). The side of the shoulder (23) near the first shaft segment (22) is the second limiting surface (21).

2. The mating structure of the rotating shaft and the end cap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylindrical roller (31) has a chamfer at its end.

3. The mating structure of a rotating shaft and an end cap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end cap (1) is provided with a central hole (12) through which the rotating shaft (2) passes.

4. The mating structure of the rotating shaft and the end cap according to claim 3, characterized in that, The end cap (1) is bowl-shaped, including a bowl bottom (101) and a bowl rim (102). The bowl bottom (101) is pedestal-shaped and has a central hole (12) coaxially. A first annular groove (14) is coaxially formed on the end face of the bowl bottom (101) near the bowl rim (102). The outer ring structure (13) is provided on the inner side of the outer circle of the first annular groove (14).

5. The mating structure of the rotating shaft and the end cap according to claim 4, characterized in that, A second annular groove (24) is formed on the end face of the first shaft segment (22) away from the shoulder (23).

6. The mating structure of the rotating shaft and the end cap according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first annular groove (14) is provided with a first slope (15) at the end of the side wall near the central hole (12), and the first slope (15) makes the opening of the first annular groove (14) gradually larger.

7. A design method for the mating structure of the rotating shaft and the end cap as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The distance between the first limiting surface (11) and the second limiting surface (21) is designed based on the axial length of the cylindrical roller (31), the parallelism of the first limiting surface (11), and the parallelism and flatness of the second limiting surface (21). And B > H, where B is the absolute value of the difference between the distance between the first limiting surface (11) and the second limiting surface (21) and the axial length of the cylindrical roller (31), and H is a set threshold. H is calculated from the parallelism of the first limiting surface (11), the parallelism and flatness of the second limiting surface (21), and the safety factor. The calculation formula is as follows: H = (p1 + p2 + c) * k; Wherein, p1 is the parallelism of the first limiting surface (11) relative to the reference A; p2 is the parallelism of the second limiting surface (21) relative to the reference A; c is the flatness of the second limiting surface (21); k is the safety factor; and A is a reference plane when the rotating shaft (2) and the end cap (1) are assembled or designed.

8. A solution to abnormal noise based on the mating structure of the shaft and end cap as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Remove the end cap (1) corresponding to the shaft (2) that is making the abnormal noise; Step 2: Remove a layer of thickness m from the first limiting surface (11) of the end cap (1) so that the cylindrical roller (31) will not be squeezed by the first limiting surface (11) and the second limiting surface (21) during rotation. Where m takes the value of: m > H, and H is a set threshold; H is calculated from the parallelism of the first limiting surface (11), the parallelism and flatness of the second limiting surface (21), and the safety factor. The calculation formula is as follows: H = (p1 + p2 + c) * k; Wherein, p1 is the parallelism of the first limiting surface (11) relative to the reference A; p2 is the parallelism of the second limiting surface (21) relative to the reference A; c is the flatness of the second limiting surface (21); k is the safety factor; and A is a reference plane when the rotating shaft (2) and the end cap (1) are assembled or designed.

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