Backscatter communication methods, devices, electronic equipment and media
By clustering backscattering devices and sending excitation signals in groups, the problems of signal collision and increased power consumption in backscattering IoT are solved, achieving efficient signal transmission and power saving.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA TELECOM CORP LTD
- Filing Date
- 2023-06-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-26
AI Technical Summary
The increase in the number of backscattering devices and data traffic has led to frequent signal collisions, which has affected the communication performance of backscattering IoT devices and increased power consumption.
Backscattering devices are divided into different categories using a clustering algorithm. They are grouped according to time delay requirements and orthogonal coding parameters. Excitation signals are sent to each group of devices in sequence, and uplink signals returned in batches are received. This method enables the orderly transmission of backscattering device information on a large scale.
This reduces the number of times signal collisions and backscattering devices repeatedly transmit information, thereby reducing power consumption and improving communication efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN116634577B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of communications, and specifically relates to a backscatter communication method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. Background Technology
[0002] Backscatter IoT utilizes the principle of radio frequency signal backscattering to communicate with the help of environmental energy. Backscatter IoT consists of a base station and a backscattering device. The base station functions as both a backscattering transmitter and a backscattering receiver, capable of sending excitation signals to the backscattering device and receiving and demodulating the uplink signals transmitted by the backscattering device. The backscattering device receives the downlink excitation signals from the base station, modulates IoT data onto the excitation signals, and transmits them back to the base station.
[0003] In existing technologies, when a base station receives uplink signals, it usually needs to receive information transmitted by a large number of backscattering devices at the same time. The backscattering devices use code division multiple access based on random access mechanism to transmit uplink signals, which can avoid interference between multiple devices to a certain extent.
[0004] However, due to the explosive growth in the number of backscattering devices and data traffic, the above method still cannot avoid collisions. In this case, the backscattering device needs to repeatedly send uplink signals, which leads to increased power consumption and affects the communication effect of backscattering IoT. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a backscatter communication method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium that can solve the problem that backscatter devices need to repeatedly send uplink signals, which leads to increased power consumption and affects the communication effect of backscatter IoT.
[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a backscatter communication method, the method comprising:
[0007] Acquire device information for multiple backscattering devices; the device information includes the latency requirements for each backscattering device.
[0008] Based on the device information, the multiple backscattering devices are clustered to obtain M groups; where M is a positive integer greater than 1.
[0009] Based on the aforementioned delay requirements, determine the average delay of each group of backscattering devices;
[0010] Excitation signals are sent to each group of backscattering devices in ascending order of average time delay; wherein, the excitation signal includes orthogonal coding parameters uniquely corresponding to each backscattering device in the same group;
[0011] The system receives uplink signals returned by the plurality of backscattering devices; the uplink signals are obtained by each backscattering device encoding and modulating the received excitation signal based on the corresponding orthogonal coding parameters.
[0012] Optionally, the device information also includes the data packet length corresponding to each backscattering device; the step of clustering the multiple backscattering devices according to the device information to obtain M groups includes:
[0013] Based on the data packet length and the latency requirement, the multiple backscattering devices are clustered to obtain M groups.
[0014] Optionally, the device information may also include the number of backscattering devices and the number of stored orthogonal coding parameters;
[0015] Before performing clustering processing on the plurality of backscattering devices based on the device information to obtain M groups, the method further includes:
[0016] Perform a modulo operation on the number of devices and the number of parameters to obtain an intermediate value;
[0017] When the intermediate value is 0, a first ratio of the number of devices to the number of parameters is determined as the group number M;
[0018] If the intermediate value is not 0, determine a first ratio between the number of devices and the number of parameters, and round up the first ratio to obtain the number of groups M.
[0019] Optionally, after clustering the plurality of backscattering devices according to the device information to obtain M groups, the process further includes:
[0020] If the number of backscattering devices in any group is greater than the number of parameters, determine the distance between each backscattering device in the group and the cluster centers of other groups.
[0021] The backscattering device with the smallest distance is assigned to the corresponding other groups until the number of backscattering devices in each group is less than or equal to the number of parameters.
[0022] Optionally, the device information also includes the data packet length and transmission rate corresponding to each backscattering device; the step of sending excitation signals to each group of backscattering devices in ascending order of average delay includes:
[0023] Based on the data packet length and the transmission rate, determine the signal transmission interval corresponding to each group of backscattering devices;
[0024] Excitation signals are sent to each group of backscattering devices in sequence according to the average delay from smallest to largest and the transmission interval.
[0025] Optionally, determining the signal transmission interval corresponding to each group of backscattering devices based on the data packet length and the transmission rate includes:
[0026] For each group of backscattering devices, determine the maximum value of the data packet length;
[0027] A second ratio of the maximum value to the transmission rate is determined, and the second ratio is added to a preset time margin to obtain the signal transmission interval.
[0028] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a backscatter communication apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
[0029] An acquisition module is used to acquire device information for multiple backscattering devices; the device information includes the latency requirement for each backscattering device.
[0030] The clustering module is used to perform clustering processing on the plurality of backscattering devices according to the device information to obtain M groups; where M is a positive integer greater than 1.
[0031] The determination module is used to determine the average time delay of each group of backscattering devices according to the time delay requirements;
[0032] The transmitting module is used to send excitation signals to each group of backscattering devices in ascending order of average time delay; wherein the excitation signal includes orthogonal coding parameters uniquely corresponding to each backscattering device in the same group;
[0033] The receiving module is used to receive the uplink signals returned by the plurality of backscattering devices; the uplink signals are obtained by each backscattering device encoding and modulating the received excitation signal based on the corresponding orthogonal coding parameters.
[0034] Optionally, the device information also includes the data packet length corresponding to each backscattering device; the clustering module is specifically used for:
[0035] Based on the data packet length and the latency requirement, the multiple backscattering devices are clustered to obtain M groups.
[0036] Optionally, the device information may also include the number of backscattering devices and the number of stored orthogonal coding parameters;
[0037] The clustering module is also used for:
[0038] Perform a modulo operation on the number of devices and the number of parameters to obtain an intermediate value;
[0039] When the intermediate value is 0, a first ratio of the number of devices to the number of parameters is determined as the group number M;
[0040] If the intermediate value is not 0, determine a first ratio between the number of devices and the number of parameters, and round up the first ratio to obtain the number of groups M.
[0041] Optionally, the clustering module is further configured to:
[0042] If the number of backscattering devices in any group is greater than the number of parameters, determine the distance between each backscattering device in the group and the cluster centers of other groups.
[0043] The backscattering device with the smallest distance is assigned to the corresponding other groups until the number of backscattering devices in each group is less than or equal to the number of parameters.
[0044] Optionally, the device information also includes the data packet length and transmission rate corresponding to each backscattering device; the sending module is specifically used for:
[0045] Based on the data packet length and the transmission rate, determine the signal transmission interval corresponding to each group of backscattering devices;
[0046] Excitation signals are sent to each group of backscattering devices in sequence according to the average delay from smallest to largest and the transmission interval.
[0047] Optionally, the sending module is specifically used for:
[0048] For each group of backscattering devices, determine the maximum value of the data packet length;
[0049] A second ratio of the maximum value to the transmission rate is determined, and the second ratio is added to a preset time margin to obtain the signal transmission interval.
[0050] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device including a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores programs or instructions executable on the processor, and the programs or instructions, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect.
[0051] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a readable storage medium on which a program or instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect.
[0052] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a chip, the chip including a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface being coupled to the processor, the processor being used to run programs or instructions to implement the method as described in the first aspect.
[0053] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product stored in a storage medium, which is executed by at least one processor to implement the method described in the first aspect.
[0054] In this embodiment, device information of multiple backscattering devices is obtained; the device information includes the latency requirement of each backscattering device; based on the device information, the multiple backscattering devices are clustered to obtain M groups; M is a positive integer greater than 1; based on the latency requirement, the average latency of each group of backscattering devices is determined; excitation signals are sent to each group of backscattering devices in ascending order of average latency; wherein the excitation signal includes the orthogonal coding parameter uniquely corresponding to each backscattering device in the same group; uplink signals returned by multiple backscattering devices are received; the uplink signals are obtained by each backscattering device encoding and modulating the received excitation signal based on the corresponding orthogonal coding parameter.
[0055] In this way, this application uses a clustering algorithm to divide backscattering devices into different categories, sends excitation signals to each group of backscattering devices in sequence, and receives uplink signals returned in batches from each group, realizing the orderly transmission of large-scale backscattering device information, which can reduce collisions and the number of times backscattering devices repeatedly send information, thereby reducing power consumption. Attached Figure Description
[0056] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a backscatter communication method according to an exemplary embodiment;
[0057] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a backscatter communication system;
[0058] Figure 3 This is a block diagram illustrating a backscatter communication device according to an exemplary embodiment;
[0059] Figure 4 A block diagram of a backscatter communication electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment is shown;
[0060] Figure 5 This is a block diagram illustrating an apparatus for backscatter communication according to an exemplary embodiment. Detailed Implementation
[0061] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0062] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such use of data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.
[0063] The backscatter communication method provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, through specific embodiments and application scenarios.
[0064] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a backscatter communication method according to an exemplary embodiment, the backscatter communication method including the following steps.
[0065] In step S11, device information for multiple backscattering devices is obtained; the device information includes the time delay requirement for each backscattering device.
[0066] like Figure 2 The diagram shows a backscatter communication system. This application can be applied to a base station (BS) in a backscatter Internet of Things (IoT). The base station can send excitation signals to multiple backscatter devices (BDs), including BD1, BD2, BD3, BD4, ..., BDN, etc., and can also receive and demodulate the uplink signals transmitted by each backscatter device. The backscatter devices are used to receive the downlink excitation signals from the base station, modulate IoT data onto the excitation signals, and transmit them back to the base station, thus realizing information transmission.
[0067] Due to the increasing number of backscattering devices and data traffic, the Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) method based on random access mechanisms in related technologies cannot avoid signal collisions. In this case, backscattering devices need to repeatedly transmit uplink signals, leading to increased power consumption and affecting communication performance. Therefore, the above communication method needs to be improved to adapt to scenarios with a large number of backscattering devices.
[0068] In this step, device information of multiple backscattering devices within the service range of the base station can be obtained to facilitate signal transmission with the backscattering devices. The device information may include the latency requirements of each backscattering device, as well as the number of backscattering devices N and the number of orthogonal coding parameters K stored in the backscattering devices.
[0069] In typical backscatter communication systems, backscatter devices have consistent functions, modes, and transmission rates. They are pre-configured with the default code length (i.e., CDMA code length) and several usable orthogonal codes. However, the type, content, and data packet length of the information the backscatter device needs to upload can differ. The backscatter device can flexibly use different orthogonal codes based on the excitation signal sent by the base station. Specifically, the orthogonal code can be determined based on orthogonal coding parameters, which uniquely correspond to each orthogonal code.
[0070] In other words, if the base station knows the transmission service types, latency requirements, and data packet lengths uploaded by each of the N backscattering devices during each periodic operation, then, based on the number K orthogonal coding parameters stored in the backscattering devices, K backscattering devices can simultaneously upload data in the same time slot. However, when the number of backscattering devices is large (far exceeding K), if these devices transmit signals simultaneously, some will use the same orthogonal codes for encoding and modulation, potentially leading to signal collisions, and the base station will be unable to effectively demodulate and decode the signals.
[0071] In step S12, based on the device information, multiple backscattering devices are clustered to obtain M groups; M is a positive integer greater than 1.
[0072] In this step, multiple backscattering devices can be clustered based on the device information, dividing them into at least two groups according to their characteristics, with each group containing backscattering devices having similar characteristics.
[0073] The clustering process can employ algorithms such as k-means clustering and fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM). Based on the similarity between backscattering devices, multiple backscattering devices are grouped together, and similar backscattering devices are assigned to the same group. No specific restrictions are imposed.
[0074] In one implementation, the device information also includes the data packet length corresponding to each backscattering device, where the data packet length corresponds to the size of the data packet sent by each backscattering device. Then, based on the device information, multiple backscattering devices are clustered to obtain M groups, including:
[0075] Based on the data packet length and time delay requirements, multiple backscattering devices are clustered to obtain M groups.
[0076] In other words, based on the data packet length and delay requirements of each backscattering device, multiple backscattering devices are grouped together. Backscattering devices with similar data packet length and delay requirements are grouped into the same group, resulting in M groups. This means that the differences in data packet length and delay requirements among the backscattering devices within the same group are relatively small. As a result, the signal transmission characteristics of the backscattering devices included in each group are similar, which can further improve efficiency in subsequent signal transmission processes.
[0077] It is understandable that the number of orthogonal codes configured in a backscattering device is limited. If the number of backscattering devices included in each packet exceeds the number of configured orthogonal codes, signal collisions may still occur during signal transmission. However, if the number of packets is too large, bandwidth cannot be effectively utilized, which will also affect the efficiency of signal transmission.
[0078] To address the aforementioned issues, one implementation includes, in addition to the number of backscattering devices and the number of stored orthogonal coding parameters, the device information. Before clustering multiple backscattering devices into M groups based on the device information, the following steps are also included:
[0079] Perform a modulo operation on the number of devices and the number of parameters to obtain an intermediate value; if the intermediate value is 0, determine the first ratio of the number of devices and the number of parameters as the group number M; if the intermediate value is not 0, determine the first ratio of the number of devices and the number of parameters, and round the first ratio up to obtain the group number M.
[0080] In other words, the number of groups M can be determined first based on the number of devices N and the number of parameters K, and then the backscattering devices can be divided into M groups. This effectively controls the number of groups, avoids excessive groups from increasing signal transmission delay, and further improves data transmission efficiency.
[0081] Specifically, the process of determining the number of groups M is as follows:
[0082] ① Calculate the intermediate value A = Mod(N, K), that is, A equals the remainder when N is divided by K;
[0083] ②When A=0, M=M1=Rounddown(N / K);
[0084] ③ When A≠0, M=M2=Roundup(N / K);
[0085] Here, Rounddown is the floor function, Roundup is the floor function, and Mod is the modulo function. That is, when A = 0, the remainder of N divided by K is 0, so the number of groups M is the floor function of the quotient of N and K, usually M = N / K. When A ≠ 0, the remainder of N divided by K is not 0, so the number of groups M is the floor function of the quotient of N and K, for example, N = 15, K = 10, then N / K = 1.5, and rounding up gives M = 2.
[0086] In one implementation, after clustering multiple backscattering devices based on device information to obtain M groups, the process further includes:
[0087] If the number of backscattering devices in any group is greater than the number of parameters, determine the distance between each backscattering device in any group and the cluster centers of other groups; assign the backscattering device with the smallest distance to the corresponding other group, until the number of backscattering devices in each group is less than or equal to the number of parameters.
[0088] It is understandable that in some cases, the clustering results are unevenly distributed. There might be a group containing too many backscattering devices, while another group contains too few. This means that in some cases, the number of backscattering devices in a group could exceed the configured number of orthogonal codes, potentially leading to signal collisions during transmission. Therefore, by limiting the number of backscattering devices in each group using the method described above, this situation can be reduced.
[0089] Specifically, when M = M1, the number of backscattering devices specified in each group is K. When M = M2, the number of backscattering devices in each group should be less than or equal to K. In this way, the number of backscattering devices included in each group can be kept relatively even.
[0090] If, during the clustering process, the number of backscattering devices in a certain group exceeds K, then some algorithms are needed to reduce the number of backscattering devices in the current group to K.
[0091] For example, we can calculate the distance of each backscattering device in the current group to the cluster center of other groups with a total number of less than K, take the backscattering device with the smallest distance to other cluster centers, delete it from the current group, and then put it into the other group with the smallest distance.
[0092] Alternatively, the number of devices in a group can be adjusted by directly assigning the backscatter device that is furthest from the cluster center of the current group to the group with the fewest devices, and so on. There are no specific limitations.
[0093] This effectively controls the number of backscattering devices in each group, maintains a relatively even distribution of backscattering devices in each group, reduces bandwidth waste, further avoids signal collisions, and improves data transmission efficiency.
[0094] In step S13, the average time delay of each group of backscattering devices is determined according to the time delay requirements.
[0095] In this application, the latency requirement refers to the signal transmission time requirement of the backscattering device. The longer the latency requirement, the longer the latency allowed for the service of the backscattering device, that is, the signal can arrive at the backscattering device later without errors. The latency requirement is different for each backscattering device.
[0096] Specifically, the average latency of each group of backscattering devices can be determined by calculating the average latency requirement of the backscattering devices within the same group. Alternatively, the latency requirements of each backscattering device can be weighted according to their service importance, and the weighted average of the latency requirements of the backscattering devices within the same group can be used as the average latency, and so on. There are no specific limitations.
[0097] In step S14, excitation signals are sent to each group of backscattering devices in order of increasing average time delay; wherein the excitation signal includes the orthogonal coding parameter uniquely corresponding to each backscattering device in the same group.
[0098] In this step, the backscatter devices of several categories are sorted in ascending order of latency requirements. The base station can prioritize receiving services from backscatter devices with high latency requirements, thus ensuring the performance requirements of IoT services.
[0099] For example, each excitation signal sent by the base station contains the ID number of each type of backscattering device and the orthogonal coding parameters randomly assigned to it. The orthogonal coding parameters can indicate the orthogonal code encoding method to be used by the backscattering device, and the encoding methods of different backscattering devices are not repeated.
[0100] For example, if at time T2, the base station sends an excitation signal to the second type of backscattering device, which includes four backscattering devices with ID numbers 2, 5, 10, and 18, then the excitation signal sent by the base station needs to indicate the ID: code type, specifically: 2:1; 5:4; 10:3; 18:2. This means that the backscattering device with ID number 2 uses the first code, the backscattering device with ID number 5 uses the fourth code, the backscattering device with ID number 10 uses the third code, and the backscattering device with ID number 18 uses the second code. The code used is randomly assigned by the base station, and they do not need to be repeated.
[0101] In one implementation, the device information also includes the data packet length and transmission rate corresponding to each backscattering device; excitation signals are sent sequentially to each group of backscattering devices in ascending order of average delay, including:
[0102] Based on the data packet length and transmission rate, determine the signal transmission interval corresponding to each group of backscattering devices; and send excitation signals to each group of backscattering devices in sequence according to the average delay from smallest to largest and the transmission interval.
[0103] In other words, in order of increasing average latency, the excitation signal is sent to the packet with the shortest average latency first. The signal transmission interval is determined according to the data packet length and transmission rate. In this way, bandwidth can be effectively utilized while reducing signal transmission latency, and the needs of various services can be met as much as possible.
[0104] The signal transmission interval can be represented as T1, T2, T3, ..., T M During the time interval [T1, T2], the base station receives the backscattering device signal in the first category. At time T2, it sends the excitation signal again, which includes the code category corresponding to the backscattering device ID in the second category. The sending and receiving process is repeated until the base station receives the signals of N backscattering devices.
[0105] In one implementation, the signal transmission interval corresponding to each group of backscattering devices is determined based on the data packet length and transmission rate, including:
[0106] For each group of backscattering devices, determine the maximum value of the data packet length; determine the second ratio of the maximum value to the transmission rate, and add the second ratio to the preset time margin to obtain the signal transmission interval.
[0107] For example, the signal transmission interval is reserved according to the maximum number of bytes (Max Packet Bytes) of data packets in each class and the transmission rate capability (V) of the backscattering device, that is:
[0108]
[0109] Where i = 2, 3, ..., M, ΔT is the time margin, which can be reserved according to factors such as wireless environment and channel quality.
[0110] In this way, the signal transmission interval corresponding to each group meets the needs of the backscattering device with the longest data packet to be sent in the current group as much as possible, and can achieve effective signal transmission as much as possible while reducing signal collisions.
[0111] In step S15, uplink signals returned by multiple backscattering devices are received; the uplink signals are obtained by each backscattering device encoding and modulating the received excitation signal based on the corresponding orthogonal coding parameters.
[0112] In this application, the backscattering device receives an excitation signal, receives the orthogonal coding parameters assigned to it, determines the corresponding orthogonal code based on the orthogonal coding parameters, encodes and modulates its own information onto the excitation signal to obtain an uplink signal, and transmits it back to the base station. Only backscattering devices that have received orthogonal coding parameters upload signals, while those that have not received orthogonal coding parameters remain in a silent state.
[0113] Furthermore, the base station can receive uplink signals returned by multiple backscattering devices, and obtain the information sent by the backscattering devices by demodulating and decoding the uplink signals, thereby realizing information transmission in the backscattering communication system.
[0114] As can be seen from the above, the technical solution provided by the embodiments of this application uses a clustering algorithm to divide backscattering devices into different categories, sends excitation signals to each group of backscattering devices in sequence, and receives uplink signals returned in batches from each group, thereby realizing the orderly transmission of backscattering device information on a large scale, reducing collisions and the number of times backscattering devices repeatedly send information, thereby reducing power consumption.
[0115] The backscatter communication method provided in this application can be executed by a backscatter communication device. This application uses a backscatter communication device to execute the backscatter communication method as an example to illustrate the apparatus of the backscatter communication method provided in this application.
[0116] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of a backscatter communication device according to an exemplary embodiment, the device comprising:
[0117] The acquisition module 201 is used to acquire device information of multiple backscattering devices; the device information includes the time delay requirement of each backscattering device.
[0118] Clustering module 202 is used to perform clustering processing on the plurality of backscattering devices according to the device information to obtain M groups; where M is a positive integer greater than 1;
[0119] The determining module 203 is used to determine the average time delay of each group of backscattering devices according to the time delay requirements;
[0120] The transmitting module 204 is used to transmit excitation signals to each group of backscattering devices in ascending order of average time delay; wherein the excitation signal includes orthogonal coding parameters uniquely corresponding to each backscattering device in the same group;
[0121] The receiving module 205 is used to receive the uplink signals returned by the plurality of backscattering devices; the uplink signals are obtained by each backscattering device encoding and modulating the received excitation signal based on the corresponding orthogonal coding parameters.
[0122] In one implementation, the device information further includes the data packet length corresponding to each backscattering device; the clustering module 202 is specifically used for:
[0123] Based on the data packet length and the latency requirement, the multiple backscattering devices are clustered to obtain M groups.
[0124] In one implementation, the device information further includes the number of backscattering devices and the number of stored orthogonal coding parameters;
[0125] The clustering module 202 is also used for:
[0126] Perform a modulo operation on the number of devices and the number of parameters to obtain an intermediate value;
[0127] When the intermediate value is 0, a first ratio of the number of devices to the number of parameters is determined as the group number M;
[0128] If the intermediate value is not 0, determine a first ratio between the number of devices and the number of parameters, and round up the first ratio to obtain the number of groups M.
[0129] In one implementation, the clustering module 202 is further configured to:
[0130] If the number of backscattering devices in any group is greater than the number of parameters, determine the distance between each backscattering device in the group and the cluster centers of other groups.
[0131] The backscattering device with the smallest distance is assigned to the corresponding other groups until the number of backscattering devices in each group is less than or equal to the number of parameters.
[0132] In one implementation, the device information further includes the data packet length and transmission rate corresponding to each backscattering device; the sending module 204 is specifically used for:
[0133] Based on the data packet length and the transmission rate, determine the signal transmission interval corresponding to each group of backscattering devices;
[0134] Excitation signals are sent to each group of backscattering devices in sequence according to the average delay from smallest to largest and the transmission interval.
[0135] In one implementation, the sending module 204 is specifically used for:
[0136] For each group of backscattering devices, determine the maximum value of the data packet length;
[0137] A second ratio of the maximum value to the transmission rate is determined, and the second ratio is added to a preset time margin to obtain the signal transmission interval.
[0138] As can be seen from the above, the technical solution provided by the embodiments of this application uses a clustering algorithm to divide backscattering devices into different categories, sends excitation signals to each group of backscattering devices in sequence, and receives uplink signals returned in batches from each group, thereby realizing the orderly transmission of backscattering device information on a large scale, reducing collisions and the number of times backscattering devices repeatedly send information, thereby reducing power consumption.
[0139] The backscatter communication device in this application embodiment can be an electronic device or a component within an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or a chip. The electronic device can be a terminal or other devices besides a terminal. For example, the electronic device can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, PDA, in-vehicle electronic device, mobile internet device (MID), augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, robot, wearable device, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), netbook, or personal digital assistant (PDA), etc. It can also be a server, network attached storage (NAS), personal computer (PC), television set (TV), ATM, or self-service machine, etc. This application embodiment does not specifically limit the device.
[0140] The backscatter communication device in this application embodiment can be a device with an operating system. This operating system can be Android, iOS, or other possible operating systems; this application embodiment does not specifically limit the specific operating system used.
[0141] The backscatter communication device provided in this application embodiment can achieve... Figures 1 to 3 The various processes implemented in the method implementation examples will not be described again here to avoid repetition.
[0142] Optionally, such as Figure 4 As shown, this application embodiment also provides an electronic device 500, including a processor 501 and a memory 502. The memory 502 stores a program or instructions that can run on the processor 501. When the program or instructions are executed by the processor 501, they implement the various steps of the above-described backscatter communication method embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.
[0143] It should be noted that the electronic devices in the embodiments of this application include the mobile electronic devices and non-mobile electronic devices described above.
[0144] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device to implement an embodiment of this application.
[0145] The electronic device 1000 includes, but is not limited to, components such as: radio frequency unit 1001, network module 1002, audio output unit 1003, input unit 1004, sensor 1005, display unit 1006, user input unit 1007, interface unit 1008, memory 1009, and processor 1010.
[0146] Those skilled in the art will understand that the electronic device 1000 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) for supplying power to various components. The power supply may be logically connected to the processor 1010 through a power management system, thereby enabling functions such as managing charging, discharging, and power consumption through the power management system. Figure 5 The electronic device structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device. The electronic device may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements, which will not be elaborated here.
[0147] As can be seen from the above, the technical solution provided by the embodiments of this application uses a clustering algorithm to divide backscattering devices into different categories, sends excitation signals to each group of backscattering devices in sequence, and receives uplink signals returned in batches from each group, thereby realizing the orderly transmission of backscattering device information on a large scale, reducing collisions and the number of times backscattering devices repeatedly send information, thereby reducing power consumption.
[0148] It should be understood that, in this embodiment, the input unit 1004 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) 10041 and a microphone 10042. The GPU 10041 processes image data of still images or videos obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in video capture mode or image capture mode. The display unit 1006 may include a display panel 10061, which may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode, or the like. The user input unit 1007 includes a touch panel 10071 and at least one of other input devices 10072. The touch panel 10071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 10071 may include a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 10072 may include, but are not limited to, physical keyboards, function keys (such as volume control buttons, power buttons, etc.), trackballs, mice, and joysticks, which will not be described in detail here.
[0149] The memory 1009 can be used to store software programs and various data. The memory 1009 may primarily include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data. The first storage area may store the operating system, application programs or instructions required for at least one function (such as sound playback, image playback, etc.). Furthermore, the memory 1009 may include volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or both. The non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 109 in the embodiments of this application includes, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.
[0150] The processor 1010 may include one or more processing units; optionally, the processor 1010 integrates an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles operations involving the operating system, user interface, and applications, and the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the aforementioned modem processor may also not be integrated into the processor 1010.
[0151] This application also provides a readable storage medium storing a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the various processes of the above-described backscatter communication method embodiments and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.
[0152] The processor is the processor in the electronic device described in the above embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.
[0153] This application embodiment also provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor. The processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-described backscatter communication method embodiments and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.
[0154] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a system-on-a-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-a-chip, etc.
[0155] This application provides a computer program product, which is stored in a storage medium and executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the backscatter communication method embodiment described above, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.
[0156] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.
[0157] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a computer software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.
[0158] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A backscatter communication method, characterized in that, include: Acquire device information for multiple backscattering devices; the device information includes the latency requirements for each backscattering device. Based on the device information, the multiple backscattering devices are clustered to obtain M groups; where M is a positive integer greater than 1. Based on the aforementioned delay requirements, determine the average delay of each group of backscattering devices; Excitation signals are sent to each group of backscattering devices in ascending order of average time delay; wherein, the excitation signal includes orthogonal coding parameters uniquely corresponding to each backscattering device in the same group; The system receives uplink signals returned by the plurality of backscattering devices; the uplink signals are obtained by each backscattering device encoding and modulating the received excitation signal based on corresponding orthogonal coding parameters. The device information also includes the data packet length and transmission rate corresponding to each backscattering device; the step of sending excitation signals to each group of backscattering devices in ascending order of average delay includes: Based on the data packet length and the transmission rate, determine the signal transmission interval corresponding to each group of backscattering devices; Excitation signals are sent to each group of backscattering devices in sequence according to the average delay from smallest to largest and the transmission interval.
2. The backscatter communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device information also includes the data packet length corresponding to each backscattering device; The process of clustering the multiple backscattering devices based on the device information to obtain M groups includes: Based on the data packet length and the latency requirement, the multiple backscattering devices are clustered to obtain M groups.
3. The backscatter communication method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The device information also includes the number of backscattering devices and the number of stored orthogonal coding parameters; Before performing clustering processing on the plurality of backscattering devices based on the device information to obtain M groups, the method further includes: Perform a modulo operation on the number of devices and the number of parameters to obtain an intermediate value; When the intermediate value is 0, a first ratio of the number of devices to the number of parameters is determined as the group number M; If the intermediate value is not 0, determine a first ratio between the number of devices and the number of parameters, and round up the first ratio to obtain the number of groups M.
4. The backscatter communication method according to claim 3, characterized in that, After clustering the multiple backscattering devices according to the device information to obtain M groups, the process further includes: If the number of backscattering devices in any group is greater than the number of parameters, determine the distance between each backscattering device in the group and the cluster centers of other groups. The backscattering device with the smallest distance is assigned to the corresponding other groups until the number of backscattering devices in each group is less than or equal to the number of parameters.
5. The backscatter communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the signal transmission interval corresponding to each group of backscattering devices based on the data packet length and the transmission rate includes: For each group of backscattering devices, determine the maximum value of the data packet length; A second ratio of the maximum value to the transmission rate is determined, and the second ratio is added to a preset time margin to obtain the signal transmission interval.
6. A backscatter communication device, characterized in that, include: An acquisition module is used to acquire device information for multiple backscattering devices; the device information includes the latency requirement for each backscattering device. The clustering module is used to perform clustering processing on the plurality of backscattering devices according to the device information to obtain M groups; where M is a positive integer greater than 1. The determination module is used to determine the average time delay of each group of backscattering devices according to the time delay requirements; The transmitting module is used to send excitation signals to each group of backscattering devices in ascending order of average time delay; wherein the excitation signal includes orthogonal coding parameters uniquely corresponding to each backscattering device in the same group; A receiving module is used to receive uplink signals returned by the plurality of backscattering devices; the uplink signals are obtained by each backscattering device encoding and modulating the received excitation signal based on corresponding orthogonal coding parameters; The device information also includes the data packet length and transmission rate corresponding to each backscattering device; the sending module is specifically used for: Based on the data packet length and the transmission rate, determine the signal transmission interval corresponding to each group of backscattering devices; Excitation signals are sent to each group of backscattering devices in sequence according to the average delay from smallest to largest and the transmission interval.
7. The backscatter communication device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device information also includes the data packet length corresponding to each backscattering device; the clustering module is specifically used for: Based on the data packet length and the latency requirement, the multiple backscattering devices are clustered to obtain M groups.
8. The backscatter communication device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The device information also includes the number of backscattering devices and the number of stored orthogonal coding parameters; The clustering module is also used for: Perform a modulo operation on the number of devices and the number of parameters to obtain an intermediate value; When the intermediate value is 0, a first ratio of the number of devices to the number of parameters is determined as the group number M; If the intermediate value is not 0, determine a first ratio between the number of devices and the number of parameters, and round up the first ratio to obtain the number of groups M.
9. The backscatter communication device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The clustering module is also used for: If the number of backscattering devices in any group is greater than the number of parameters, determine the distance between each backscattering device in the group and the cluster centers of other groups. The backscattering device with the smallest distance is assigned to the corresponding other groups until the number of backscattering devices in each group is less than or equal to the number of parameters.
10. The backscatter communication device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device information also includes the data packet length and transmission rate corresponding to each backscattering device; the sending module is specifically used for: Based on the data packet length and the transmission rate, determine the signal transmission interval corresponding to each group of backscattering devices; Excitation signals are sent to each group of backscattering devices in sequence according to the average delay from smallest to largest and the transmission interval.
11. The backscatter communication device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The sending module is specifically used for: For each group of backscattering devices, determine the maximum value of the data packet length; A second ratio of the maximum value to the transmission rate is determined, and the second ratio is added to a preset time margin to obtain the signal transmission interval.
12. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions that can run on the processor, the program or instructions being executed by the processor to implement the steps of the backscatter communication method as described in any one of claims 1-5.
13. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The readable storage medium stores a program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the backscatter communication method as described in any one of claims 1-5.