A porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a porous membrane-reinforced metal alloy material and a preparation method thereof, comprising an aluminum-based mixed material and a silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic granular membrane. The aluminum-based mixed material and the silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic granular membrane have a mass ratio of 50:4-7, a particle size of 0.2-3 mm, and a porosity greater than 80%. The aluminum-based mixed material comprises the following components: 0.05-0.2% copper; 0.5-0.9% magnesium; 0-0.1% manganese; 0.01-0.1% titanium; 0.3-0.6% iron; 0.1-0.8% nickel; and the balance being aluminum. The silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic granular membrane prepared by the present invention has excellent reinforcement and toughening effects on aluminum alloys.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of metal material preparation, and in particular to a porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Advances in science and technology are driving higher demands on materials across various industries. For some industrial sectors, the primary considerations are wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance. To meet these demands, the emergence of new materials is imperative. To meet these evolving needs, many researchers are exploring the field of composite materials. The concept of composite materials emerged in the 1950s. Composite materials primarily consist of a matrix and a reinforcement phase. The continuous phase is the matrix, while the reinforcement phase resides within it. These phases can generally be categorized as continuous and discontinuous. Based on their properties, materials such as metal alloys, polymers, and ceramics can be classified as matrices, whose function is to connect the reinforcement phase and transfer loads. Reinforcements, depending on their appearance and morphology, can be categorized as fibers, whiskers, flakes, or particles. These reinforcements can be made of materials such as graphite, metals, and ceramics, and they provide load-bearing support within the composite material. A third phase, distinct from the matrix and reinforcement, exists within composite materials, often possessing properties distinct from those of the reinforcement and matrix. This interface serves as the transition zone between the matrix and reinforcement phases and also as a transmitter of information such as load. Consequently, composite materials have a diverse composition. The interaction and energy transfer between the reinforcement phase, matrix phase, and interface contribute to the excellent properties and functions of composite materials in certain areas. Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) are the most widely used and common composite materials. Their primary form is a metal or alloy matrix with continuous or discontinuous reinforcements, fabricated through various manufacturing processes. Aluminum-matrix composites (AMCs) offer relatively outstanding performance among MMCs, with advantages such as high specific strength, specific modulus, and low thermal expansion coefficient. In particular, the isotropic microstructure of these composites, enhanced by particle dispersion, offers excellent processability and affordability. The matrix is ​​primarily composed of aluminum and its alloys, reinforced with non-metallic particles, whiskers, or fibers, using specific processing techniques. Depending on the continuity of the reinforcement, aluminum-matrix composites can be categorized as those reinforced with discontinuous particles or short fibers or those reinforced with continuous long fibers or porous ceramics. Both long- and short-fiber reinforced aluminum-matrix composites exhibit excellent properties, including high strength, low linear expansion coefficient, and good high-temperature performance. However, they are expensive and have significant limitations, and are generally used in aerospace and other fields. For example, particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials have the advantages of high specific strength, wear resistance, high specific elastic modulus and high temperature resistance. They can be used to manufacture satellite and aerospace structural materials, aircraft parts, and metal mirror optical systems.

[0003] Currently, research on reinforcement in aluminum-based composites focuses on fiber and particle reinforcement. Fiber reinforcement, however, is technically complex and expensive to manufacture. Furthermore, the preparation process requires overcoming numerous challenges, such as fiber damage and microstructural inhomogeneity, which hinder material performance and can often lead to damage if not handled properly. Particle-reinforced aluminum-based composites, on the other hand, exhibit high hardness after molding, primarily due to limitations in molding technology and difficulty achieving microstructural homogeneity. Consequently, their application has been limited to military and aerospace applications, hindering their widespread adoption. Using porous ceramic reinforcements can improve microstructural homogeneity, while sintering the particles into ceramic blocks also increases the percentage of reinforcement in the composite. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Technical problem to be solved: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material and a preparation method thereof, combining fiber reinforcement and porous ceramic reinforcement to prepare a reinforced metal alloy material.

[0005] Technical solution: A porous membrane-reinforced metal alloy material, comprising an aluminum-based mixed material and a silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum-based mixed material to the silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane is 50:4-7, the particle size of the silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane is 0.2-3 mm, and the porosity of the particle membrane is greater than 80%:

[0006] The aluminum-based mixture includes the following components:

[0007] Copper 0.05-0.2%;

[0008] Magnesium 0.5-0.9%;

[0009] Manganese 0-0.1%;

[0010] Titanium 0.01-0.1%;

[0011] Iron 0.3-0.6%;

[0012] Nickel 0.1-0.8%;

[0013] The balance is aluminum.

[0014] Preferably, the silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane is prepared by the following steps:

[0015] S1. After anhydrous aluminum chloride is added to water and completely dissolved, an ethanol solution of aluminum isopropoxide is added, followed by glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, and stirred to obtain alumina gel;

[0016] S2. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone was dissolved in anhydrous ethanol and stirred to mix uniformly. The ethanol solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone was added to the alumina gel prepared in step S1, and N,N-dimethylformamide was added and stirred to obtain an alumina precursor solution.

[0017] S3. Using an electrospinning process, the alumina precursor solution prepared in step S2 is electrospun to prepare an electrospun membrane of a certain thickness, and then the electrospun membrane is dried, the dried electrospun membrane is cut into granules, and finally calcined to obtain an alumina fiber electrostatic granular membrane;

[0018] S4. TEOS, water, and ethanol were mixed and stirred uniformly, and acid was added to adjust the pH to <3.5 to hydrolyze to form a silica sol;

[0019] S5. Dissolving lanthanum acetate in water, and then adding acid to adjust the pH to <3.5 to obtain a lanthanum acetate hydrolyzed solution;

[0020] S6. Add the silica sol prepared in step S5 to the lanthanum acetate hydrolysis solution prepared in step S6 to obtain a composite sol, add the alumina fiber electrostatic particle membrane prepared in step S3 to the composite sol, and then filter, attach a layer of composite sol to the surface of the alumina fiber static particle membrane to obtain composite particles, soak the composite particles in ammonia water to convert the sol on the surface of the composite particles into gel, and finally soak them in ethanol for aging, dry and heat-treat after aging to obtain a silica aerogel modified alumina ceramic particle membrane.

[0021] Preferably, the molar ratio of the aluminum chloride, aluminum isopropoxide, glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid is 1:4:2:4.

[0022] Preferably, the concentration of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone ethanol solution is 0.5-1 g / mL, and the mass of polyvinyl pyrrolidone accounts for 4-7 wt % of the alumina precursor solution.

[0023] Preferably, the electrospinning membrane has a thickness of 0.5-2 mm and a porosity of more than 95%.

[0024] Preferably, in step S3, the inner diameter of the needle is 0.25-0.58 mm, the receiving distance is 15-20 cm, the spinning speed is 0.8-1.5 mL / h, and the calcination process is to heat to 550-650 ° C at a rate of 1 ° C / min, keep warm for 2 h, then heat to 800 ° C at a rate of 3-5 ° C / min, keep warm for 2 h, and finally calcine at 1100-1180 ° C for 2 h.

[0025] Preferably, in step S4, the molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate, water and ethanol is 1:4:8.

[0026] Preferably, the concentration of the lanthanum acetate hydrolysis solution in step S5 is 4-8 wt %.

[0027] Preferably, in step S6, the volume ratio of silica sol to lanthanum acetate solution is 1:0.5-2, the aging time in ethanol is 10-20 hours, the drying temperature is 80-100° C., the time is 3-8 hours, and the heat treatment temperature is 450-580° C., and the time is 60-180 minutes.

[0028] The method for preparing the porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material comprises the following steps:

[0029] The aluminum-based mixed materials are mixed evenly, smelted and then refined;

[0030] Control the pouring temperature at 800-850℃ and heat the mold to 400℃;

[0031] C. Prepare a prefabricated block of silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane, dry and preheat it to 450°C, place the prefabricated block in a preheated mold, and allow liquid aluminum-based material to enter the prefabricated block under a pressure of 100-120 MPa. After solidification and cooling, a porous membrane-reinforced metal alloy material is obtained.

[0032] Beneficial effects: The porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material and the preparation method thereof of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0033] In the present invention, an alumina electrospun membrane is first prepared, and the electrospun membrane is prepared into particles of a certain thickness and size. The electrospun membrane is then immersed in silica sol, and then subjected to aging and heat treatment to form a thin layer of silica aerogel attached to the surface of the fiber membrane. In this way, the aerogel is generated and the porosity is guaranteed, so that the aluminum-based material liquid can fully penetrate into it.

[0034] Adding rare earth lanthanum to the preparation of silica aerogel, lanthanum as a surfactant element, added to the particle film can reduce the surface energy of the aluminum-based liquid and reduce its contact angle on the particle film surface, thereby improving the wettability between the matrix and the reinforcement and improving the interface bonding.

[0035] The silica aerogel modified alumina ceramic particle film prepared by the present invention has good reinforcing and toughening effects on aluminum alloys. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with examples, which are provided to explain the present invention and are not limited to the following examples:

[0037] Example 1

[0038] The silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane was prepared by the following steps:

[0039] S1. After anhydrous aluminum chloride is added to water and completely dissolved, an ethanol solution of aluminum isopropoxide is added, followed by glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, and stirred to obtain an alumina gel, wherein the molar ratio of aluminum chloride, aluminum isopropoxide, glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid is 1:4:2:4;

[0040] S2. Dissolve polyvinyl pyrrolidone in anhydrous ethanol and stir to mix. Then, add the ethanol solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone at a concentration of 0.5 g / mL to the alumina gel prepared in step S1. Add N,N-dimethylformamide and stir to obtain an alumina precursor solution. The mass of polyvinyl pyrrolidone accounts for 7 wt % of the alumina precursor solution.

[0041] S3. The alumina precursor solution prepared in step S2 was electrospun using an electrospinning process with a needle inner diameter of 0.25 mm, a receiving distance of 15 cm, and a spinning speed of 0.8 mL / h to prepare an electrospun membrane with a thickness of 0.5 mm and a porosity of more than 95%. The electrospun membrane was then dried and shredded into granules. Finally, the membrane was calcined to obtain an alumina fiber electrostatic granular membrane. The calcination process was as follows: heating to 550°C at a rate of 1°C / min, holding for 2 h, then heating to 800°C at a rate of 3°C / min, holding for 2 h, and finally calcining at 1100°C for 2 h.

[0042] S4. The ethyl orthosilicate, water and ethanol were mixed and stirred uniformly, the molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate, water and ethanol being 1:4:8, and acid was added to adjust the pH to <3.5 to hydrolyze and form a silica sol;

[0043] S5. Lanthanum acetate was dissolved in water, and then acid was added to adjust the pH to <3.5 to obtain a lanthanum acetate hydrolyzed solution having a concentration of 8 wt%;

[0044] S6. Add the silica sol prepared in step S5 to the lanthanum acetate hydrolysis solution prepared in step S6 to obtain a composite sol, wherein the volume ratio of the silica sol to the lanthanum acetate solution is 1:0.5, and add the alumina fiber electrostatic particle membrane prepared in step S3 to the composite sol, and then filter it, and attach a layer of composite sol to the surface of the alumina fiber static particle membrane to obtain composite particles, and soak the composite particles in ammonia water to convert the sol on the surface of the composite particles into gel, and finally soak them in ethanol for aging, and the aging time in ethanol is 10 hours. After aging, dry and heat-treat them, and the drying treatment temperature is 80°C and the time is 8 hours. The heat treatment temperature is 450°C and the time is 180 minutes to obtain a silica aerogel modified alumina ceramic particle membrane.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] The silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane was prepared by the following steps:

[0047] S1. After anhydrous aluminum chloride is added to water and completely dissolved, an ethanol solution of aluminum isopropoxide is added, followed by glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, and stirred to obtain an alumina gel, wherein the molar ratio of aluminum chloride, aluminum isopropoxide, glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid is 1:4:2:4;

[0048] S2. Dissolve polyvinyl pyrrolidone in anhydrous ethanol and stir to mix. Then, add the ethanol solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone at a concentration of 1 g / mL to the alumina gel prepared in step S1. Add N,N-dimethylformamide and stir to obtain an alumina precursor solution. The mass of polyvinyl pyrrolidone accounts for 4 wt % of the alumina precursor solution.

[0049] S3. The alumina precursor solution prepared in step S2 was electrospun using an electrospinning process with a needle inner diameter of 0.58 mm, a receiving distance of 20 cm, and a spinning speed of 1.5 mL / h to prepare an electrospun membrane with a thickness of 2 mm and a porosity of more than 95%. The electrospun membrane was then dried and shredded into granules. Finally, the membrane was calcined to obtain an alumina fiber electrostatic granular membrane. The calcination process was as follows: heating to 650°C at a rate of 1°C / min, holding for 2 h, then heating to 800°C at a rate of 5°C / min, holding for 2 h, and finally calcining at 1180°C for 2 h.

[0050] S4. The ethyl orthosilicate, water and ethanol were mixed and stirred uniformly, the molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate, water and ethanol being 1:4:8, and acid was added to adjust the pH to <3.5 to hydrolyze and form a silica sol;

[0051] S5. Lanthanum acetate was dissolved in water, and then acid was added to adjust the pH to <3.5 to obtain a 4wt% lanthanum acetate hydrolyzed solution;

[0052] S6. Add the silica sol prepared in step S5 to the lanthanum acetate hydrolysis solution prepared in step S6 to obtain a composite sol, wherein the volume ratio of the silica sol to the lanthanum acetate solution is 1:2, and add the alumina fiber electrostatic particle membrane prepared in step S3 to the composite sol, and then filter, and attach a layer of composite sol to the surface of the alumina fiber static particle membrane to obtain composite particles, and soak the composite particles in ammonia water to convert the sol on the surface of the composite particles into gel, and finally soak them in ethanol for aging, and the aging time in ethanol is 20 hours. After aging, dry and heat-treat them, and the drying treatment temperature is 100°C and the time is 8 hours. The heat treatment temperature is 580°C and the time is 60 minutes to obtain a silica aerogel modified alumina ceramic particle membrane.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] The silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane was prepared by the following steps:

[0055] S1. After anhydrous aluminum chloride is added to water and completely dissolved, an ethanol solution of aluminum isopropoxide is added, followed by glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, and stirred to obtain an alumina gel, wherein the molar ratio of aluminum chloride, aluminum isopropoxide, glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid is 1:4:2:4;

[0056] S2. Dissolve polyvinyl pyrrolidone in anhydrous ethanol and stir to mix. Then, add the ethanol solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone at a concentration of 0.8 g / mL to the alumina gel prepared in step S1. Add N,N-dimethylformamide and stir to obtain an alumina precursor solution. The mass of polyvinyl pyrrolidone accounts for 5.5 wt % of the alumina precursor solution.

[0057] S3. The alumina precursor solution prepared in step S2 was electrospun using an electrospinning process with a needle inner diameter of 0.41 mm, a receiving distance of 18 cm, and a spinning speed of 1.2 mL / h to prepare an electrospun membrane with a thickness of 1.5 mm and a porosity of more than 95%. The electrospun membrane was then dried and shredded into granules. Finally, the membrane was calcined to obtain an alumina fiber electrostatic granular membrane. The calcination process was as follows: heating to 600°C at a rate of 1°C / min, holding for 2 h, then heating to 800°C at a rate of 4°C / min, holding for 2 h, and finally calcining at 1150°C for 2 h.

[0058] S4. The ethyl orthosilicate, water and ethanol were mixed and stirred uniformly, the molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate, water and ethanol being 1:4:8, and acid was added to adjust the pH to <3.5 to hydrolyze and form a silica sol;

[0059] S5. Lanthanum acetate was dissolved in water, and then acid was added to adjust the pH to <3.5 to obtain a 6wt% lanthanum acetate hydrolyzed solution;

[0060] S6. Add the silica sol prepared in step S5 to the lanthanum acetate hydrolysis solution prepared in step S6 to obtain a composite sol, wherein the volume ratio of the silica sol to the lanthanum acetate solution is 1:1; add the alumina fiber electrostatic particle membrane prepared in step S3 to the composite sol, and then filter; attach a layer of composite sol to the surface of the alumina fiber static particle membrane to obtain composite particles; soak the composite particles in ammonia water to convert the sol on the surface of the composite particles into gel; finally, soak them in ethanol for aging; the aging time in ethanol is 15 hours; dry and heat-treat them after aging; the drying treatment temperature is 80°C for 5 hours; the heat treatment temperature is 550°C for 120 minutes; and silica aerogel modified alumina ceramic particle membrane is obtained.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] A porous membrane-reinforced metal alloy material comprises an aluminum-based mixed material and a silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum-based mixed material to the silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane prepared in Example 1 is 50:4:

[0063] The aluminum-based mixture includes the following components:

[0064] Copper 0.05%;

[0065] magnesium 0.9%;

[0066] Manganese 0.01%;

[0067] Titanium 0.1%;

[0068] Iron 0.3%;

[0069] Nickel 0.8%;

[0070] The balance is aluminum;

[0071] A method for preparing a porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material comprises the following steps:

[0072] A. mixing the above aluminum-based mixed materials uniformly, melting and then refining;

[0073] B. Control the pouring temperature at 800℃ and heat the mold to 400℃;

[0074] C. Prepare a prefabricated block of silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane, dry and preheat it to 450°C, place the prefabricated block in a preheated mold, and allow liquid aluminum-based material to enter the prefabricated block under a pressure of 100 MPa. After solidification and cooling, a porous membrane-reinforced metal alloy material is obtained.

[0075] Example 5

[0076] A porous membrane-reinforced metal alloy material comprises an aluminum-based mixed material and a silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum-based mixed material to the silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane prepared in Example 2 is 50:7:

[0077] The aluminum-based mixture includes the following components:

[0078] Copper 0.2%;

[0079] Magnesium 0.5%;

[0080] Manganese 0.1%;

[0081] Titanium 0.01%;

[0082] Iron 0.6%;

[0083] Nickel 0.1%;

[0084] The balance is aluminum;

[0085] A method for preparing a porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material comprises the following steps:

[0086] The aluminum-based mixed materials are mixed uniformly, smelted and then refined;

[0087] B. Control the pouring temperature at 850℃ and heat the mold to 400℃;

[0088] C. Prepare a prefabricated block of silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane, dry and preheat to 450°C, place the prefabricated block in a preheated mold, and force liquid aluminum-based material into the prefabricated block under a pressure of 120 MPa. After solidification and cooling, a porous membrane-reinforced metal alloy material is obtained.

[0089] Example 6

[0090] A porous membrane-reinforced metal alloy material comprises an aluminum-based mixed material and a silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum-based mixed material to the silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane prepared in Example 3 is 25:3:

[0091] The aluminum-based mixture includes the following components:

[0092] Copper 0.1%;

[0093] magnesium 0.6%;

[0094] Manganese 0.05%;

[0095] Titanium 0.05%;

[0096] Iron 0.4%;

[0097] Nickel 0.4%;

[0098] The balance is aluminum;

[0099] A method for preparing a porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material comprises the following steps:

[0100] A. mixing the above aluminum-based mixed materials uniformly, melting and then refining;

[0101] B. Control the pouring temperature at 800℃ and heat the mold to 400℃;

[0102] C. Prepare a prefabricated block of silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane, dry and preheat it to 450°C, place the prefabricated block in a preheated mold, and allow liquid aluminum-based material to enter the prefabricated block under a pressure of 110 MPa. After solidification and cooling, a porous membrane-reinforced metal alloy material is obtained.

[0103] Comparative Example 1

[0104] A porous membrane-reinforced metal alloy material comprises an aluminum-based mixed material and an alumina ceramic particle membrane, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum-based mixed material to the alumina ceramic particle membrane is 25:3.

[0105] The aluminum-based mixture includes the following components:

[0106] Copper 0.1%;

[0107] magnesium 0.6%;

[0108] Manganese 0.05%;

[0109] Titanium 0.05%;

[0110] Iron 0.4%;

[0111] Nickel 0.4%;

[0112] The balance is aluminum;

[0113] A method for preparing a porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material comprises the following steps:

[0114] A. mixing the above aluminum-based mixed materials uniformly, melting and then refining;

[0115] B. Control the pouring temperature at 800℃ and heat the mold to 400℃;

[0116] C. Dry and preheat the alumina ceramic particle membrane to 450°C, place the prefabricated block in a preheated mold, and allow liquid aluminum-based material to enter the prefabricated block under a pressure of 110 MPa. After solidification and cooling, a porous membrane-reinforced metal alloy material is obtained;

[0117] The alumina ceramic particle film is prepared by the following steps:

[0118] S1. After anhydrous aluminum chloride is added to water and completely dissolved, an ethanol solution of aluminum isopropoxide is added, followed by glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, and stirred to obtain an alumina gel, wherein the molar ratio of aluminum chloride, aluminum isopropoxide, glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid is 1:4:2:4;

[0119] S2. Dissolve polyvinyl pyrrolidone in anhydrous ethanol and stir to mix. Then, add the ethanol solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone at a concentration of 0.8 g / mL to the alumina gel prepared in step S1. Add N,N-dimethylformamide and stir to obtain an alumina precursor solution. The mass of polyvinyl pyrrolidone accounts for 5.5 wt % of the alumina precursor solution.

[0120] S3. The alumina precursor solution prepared in step S2 was electrospun using an electrospinning process. The inner diameter of the needle was 0.41 mm, the receiving distance was 18 cm, and the spinning speed was 1.2 mL / h. An electrospun membrane with a thickness of 1.5 mm and a porosity of more than 95% was prepared. The electrospun membrane was then dried and chopped into granules. Finally, the dried electrospun membrane was calcined to obtain an alumina fiber electrostatic granular membrane. The calcination process was as follows: heating to 600°C at a rate of 1°C / min, keeping warm for 2 h, then heating to 800°C at a rate of 4°C / min, keeping warm for 2 h, and finally calcining at 1150°C for 2 h.

[0121] Comparative Example 2

[0122] A porous membrane-reinforced metal alloy material comprises an aluminum-based mixed material and a silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum-based mixed material to the silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane prepared in Example 3 is 25:3:

[0123] The aluminum-based mixture includes the following components:

[0124] Copper 0.1%;

[0125] magnesium 0.6%;

[0126] Manganese 0.05%;

[0127] Titanium 0.05%;

[0128] Iron 0.4%;

[0129] Nickel 0.4%;

[0130] The balance is aluminum;

[0131] A method for preparing a porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material comprises the following steps:

[0132] A. mixing the above aluminum-based mixed materials uniformly, melting and then refining;

[0133] B. Control the pouring temperature at 800℃ and heat the mold to 400℃;

[0134] C. Prepare a prefabricated block of silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane, dry and preheat it to 450°C, place the prefabricated block in a preheated mold, and allow liquid aluminum-based material to enter the prefabricated block under a pressure of 110 MPa. After solidification and cooling, a porous membrane-reinforced metal alloy material is obtained.

[0135] The silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane is prepared by the following steps:

[0136] S1. After anhydrous aluminum chloride is added to water and completely dissolved, an ethanol solution of aluminum isopropoxide is added, followed by glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, and stirred to obtain an alumina gel, wherein the molar ratio of aluminum chloride, aluminum isopropoxide, glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid is 1:4:2:4;

[0137] S2. Dissolve polyvinyl pyrrolidone in anhydrous ethanol and stir to mix. Then, add the ethanol solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone at a concentration of 0.5 g / mL to the alumina gel prepared in step S1. Add N,N-dimethylformamide and stir to obtain an alumina precursor solution. The mass of polyvinyl pyrrolidone accounts for 7 wt % of the alumina precursor solution.

[0138] S3. The alumina precursor solution prepared in step S2 was electrospun using an electrospinning process with a needle inner diameter of 0.25 mm, a receiving distance of 15 cm, and a spinning speed of 0.8 mL / h to prepare an electrospun membrane with a thickness of 0.5 mm and a porosity of more than 95%. The electrospun membrane was then dried and shredded into granules. Finally, the membrane was calcined to obtain an alumina fiber electrostatic granular membrane. The calcination process was as follows: heating to 550°C at a rate of 1°C / min, holding for 2 h, then heating to 800°C at a rate of 3°C / min, holding for 2 h, and finally calcining at 1100°C for 2 h.

[0139] S4. The ethyl orthosilicate, water and ethanol were mixed and stirred uniformly, the molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate, water and ethanol being 1:4:8, and acid was added to adjust the pH to <3.5 to hydrolyze and form a silica sol;

[0140] S5. Add the alumina fiber electrostatic particle membrane prepared in step S3 to the silica sol, and then filter it. Attach a layer of composite sol to the surface of the alumina fiber static particle membrane to obtain composite particles. Soak the composite particles in ammonia water to convert the sol on the surface of the composite particles into gel. Finally, soak them in ethanol for aging. The aging time in ethanol is 10 hours. After aging, dry and heat-treat them at a drying temperature of 80°C for 8 hours. The heat treatment temperature is 450°C for 180 minutes to obtain a silica aerogel modified alumina ceramic particle membrane.

[0141] Performance test: The equipment used for the tensile mechanical properties test in Table 1 is a Z100 universal material testing machine with a tensile rate of 5×10 -4 m / s, the tensile sample gauge length was 10 mm, 3 sets of data were measured for each sample, and the average value was taken.

[0142] Table 1

[0143] Yield strength (Mpa) Tensile strength (MPa) Elongation (%) Example 4 271 331 5.3 Example 5 266 326 5.4 Example 6 279 339 5.4 Comparative Example 1 244 252 3.9 Comparative Example 2 250 289 4.1

[0144] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that other variations or modifications based on the above descriptions are possible. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material, characterized in that: The invention comprises an aluminum-based mixed material and a silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum-based mixed material to the silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane is 50:4-7, the particle size of the silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane is 0.2-3 mm, and the porosity of the particle membrane is greater than 80%; The aluminum-based mixed material includes the following components: Copper 0.05-0.2%; Magnesium 0.5-0.9%; Manganese 0-0.1%; Titanium 0.01-0.1%; Iron 0.3-0.6%; Nickel 0.1-0.8%; The balance is aluminum; The silica aerogel modified alumina ceramic particle membrane is prepared by the following steps: S1. After anhydrous aluminum chloride is added to water and completely dissolved, an ethanol solution of aluminum isopropoxide is added, followed by glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid, and stirred to obtain alumina gel; S2. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone was dissolved in anhydrous ethanol and stirred to mix uniformly. The ethanol solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone was added to the alumina gel prepared in step S1, and N,N-dimethylformamide was added and stirred to obtain an alumina precursor solution. S3. Using an electrospinning process, the alumina precursor solution prepared in step S2 is electrospun to prepare an electrospun membrane of a certain thickness, and then the electrospun membrane is dried, the dried electrospun membrane is cut into granules, and finally calcined to obtain an alumina fiber electrostatic granular membrane; S4. TEOS, water, and ethanol were mixed and stirred uniformly, and acid was added to adjust the pH to <3.5 to hydrolyze to form a silica sol; S5. Dissolving lanthanum acetate in water, and then adding acid to adjust the pH to <3.5 to obtain a lanthanum acetate hydrolyzed solution; S6. The silica sol prepared in step S5 is added to the lanthanum acetate hydrolysis solution prepared in step S6 to obtain a composite sol, the alumina fiber electrostatic particle membrane prepared in step S3 is added to the composite sol, and then filtered, a layer of composite sol is attached to the surface of the alumina fiber static particle membrane to obtain composite particles, the composite particles are immersed in ammonia water to convert the sol on the surface of the composite particles into gel, and finally immersed in ethanol for aging, and then dried and heat-treated after aging to obtain a silica aerogel modified alumina ceramic particle membrane.

2. The porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molar ratio of the anhydrous aluminum chloride, aluminum isopropoxide, glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid is 1:4:2:

4.

3. The porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone ethanol solution is 0.5-1 g / mL, and the mass of polyvinyl pyrrolidone accounts for 4-7 wt % of the alumina precursor solution.

4. The porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the electrospinning membrane is 0.5-2 mm, and the porosity is above 95%.

5. The porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the inner diameter of the needle is 0.25-0.58 mm, the receiving distance is 15-20 cm, the spinning speed is 0.8-1.5 mL / h, and the calcination process is to heat to 550-650°C at a rate of 1°C / min, keep warm for 2 hours, then heat to 800°C at a rate of 3-5°C / min, keep warm for 2 hours, and finally calcine at 1100-1180°C for 2 hours.

6. The porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the molar ratio of ethyl orthosilicate, water and ethanol is 1:4:

8.

7. The porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the lanthanum acetate hydrolysis solution in step S5 is 4-8 wt %.

8. The porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the volume ratio of the silica sol to the lanthanum acetate solution is 1:0.5-2, the aging time in ethanol is 10-20 hours, the drying temperature is 80-100° C. for 3-8 hours, and the heat treatment temperature is 450-580° C. for 60-180 minutes.

9. The method for preparing a porous membrane reinforced metal alloy material according to claim 1, wherein: The following steps are involved: The aluminum-based mixed materials are mixed evenly, smelted and then refined; Control the pouring temperature at 800-850℃ and heat the mold to 400℃; The silica aerogel-modified alumina ceramic particle membrane is made into a prefabricated block, dried and preheated to 450°C, and the prefabricated block is placed in a preheated mold. Under a pressure of 100-120 MPa, liquid aluminum-based mixed material is allowed to enter the prefabricated block. After solidification and cooling, a porous membrane-reinforced metal alloy material is obtained.