An integrated grate tile

Abstract

The present application relates to solid waste incineration treatment incinerator grate field, disclose a kind of integrated grate, including the whole grate piece of strip plate shape along transverse direction, two ends of grate piece are fixedly connected with the side beam of incinerator grate by connecting structure and communicate, air duct is provided in the inside of grate piece along length direction, upper and lower difference grate head is arranged along length direction on the upper portion of grate piece, and is combined to form sawtooth structure, the back of grate head is equipped with several primary air holes communicated with air duct.The present application is the whole integrated structure grate piece in transverse direction, several grate heads are set in transverse direction, front and back, upper and lower three-dimensional misplacement, and comprehensive separation effect is generated to garbage layer, so that staggered primary air is more easily penetrated into layer, enhance material drying and combustion rate, shorten material processing period, improve system efficiency, and remove the transverse connection and tailstock support structure of grate piece, simplify parts and system combination structure, effectively shorten installation maintenance period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of grates of solid waste incineration incinerators, and in particular to an integrated grate sheet. Background Art

[0002] Existing waste treatment technologies primarily include incineration, sanitary landfill, composting, and waste recycling. Among conventional waste treatment technologies, incineration offers significant waste reduction, complete harmlessness, small footprint, waste heat utilization, and minimal secondary pollution, meeting my country's sustainable development requirements.

[0003] The most important component of a waste incinerator is the grate system. The grate system is responsible for transporting waste within the incinerator, while also improving waste agitation and mixing with air, thereby increasing combustion efficiency.

[0004] Several types of incinerator grates are now available, particularly the so-called reciprocating grate system. Reciprocating grate systems primarily consist of fixed and movable grate assemblies. The basic unit of a grate assembly is a single grate segment, which is connected in rows or columns to form a grate assembly. Ultimately, numerous segments overlap in a regular pattern, like roof tiles, forming the support for the waste combustion. The movable grate segments, which can move back and forth, alternate with the fixed grate segments. Their relative motion causes the waste to move forward and backward. On the reciprocating grate, the waste layer is intensely and continuously flipped and stirred, causing it to repeatedly loosen and rearrange itself.

[0005] Currently, China's domestic waste is characterized by low calorific value and high moisture content. To ensure a stable incinerator outlet temperature above 850°C, the waste must be piled high on the grate. Therefore, the grate plates are required to fully and comprehensively flip, stir, and loosen the entire layer of waste, shortening drying time and improving combustion efficiency. Furthermore, due to the high moisture content and complex composition of China's domestic waste, it is prone to clumping and agglomeration during drying and combustion. Therefore, the grate plates are also required to reduce the possibility of garbage agglomeration and ensure that the garbage in the agglomerates is fully exposed to the primary air, drying thoroughly, and burning completely, thereby reducing the thermal burn rate.

[0006] After years of development, although grates have emerged in various structural forms, the main structure of the grate plate is still a narrow long strip, which needs to be connected and assembled by multiple grate plates to form a grate group. For example, patent CN101929679B describes an incinerator grate with a head boss arranged horizontally and staggered front and back. The fixed crossbeam passes through the slots at the end of the same row of fixed grate plates to form a fixed grate plate, and the movable crossbeam passes through the slots at the end of the same row of movable grate plates to form a movable grate plate. The movable grate plate overlaps the fixed grate plate front and back and is arranged alternately to form a grate. An upward protruding head is provided at one end of a single grate plate, and a long strip formed integrally with the head at the other end. The grate plate and its grate group both require the installation of a supporting structure, which will make the installation, replacement and maintenance of the entire grate very complicated. There are many installation connection points, the cost of installation and maintenance is high, the operation cycle is very long, and the grate plates are easily worn out, resulting in slag leakage. There are also grate pieces such as those used in patent CN110925766A, which provide a multi-blade composite fixed grate piece, including a box body, a feeding slide, a side baffle, a side material-discharging blade, a main crushing blade and an auxiliary crushing blade. The overall shape is an approximately rectangular box block. Although the length is reduced in the longitudinal direction and the grate is combined into a longitudinal and transverse side-by-side manner, each grate piece is still installed and connected separately, and the installation connection point is still located at the bottom of the grate piece. After the grate pieces are connected horizontally, there are problems with gap adjustment between adjacent grate pieces and compensation after heating, and slag leakage is also prone to occur.

[0007] Another example is patent CN102734806 A, which relates to a water-cooled reciprocating multi-stage hydraulic mechanical grate furnace and its control method. The grate furnace includes a feeding grate, an incineration grate, a primary air supply system, and a secondary air supply system. The incineration grate is divided into five units along the longitudinal direction, each unit consisting of a plurality of water-cooled grate slices. Each row of grate slices is driven transversely by a shaft and supported laterally by steel frames at at least three locations. This patent also has problems such as the need to connect multiple grate slices into groups, resulting in slag leakage, a large number of parts, and excessive installation and replacement costs and cycles.

[0008] In summary, the existing grate slices are all single and scattered individuals. When in use, multiple grate slices need to be connected and combined into a grate group. Ultimately, the incinerator is covered with multiple grates. Each grate slice and its grate group require an installation support structure, which makes the installation and replacement of the entire grate very complicated. There are many installation connection points, and the installation and maintenance costs and operation cycle are very long. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The present invention aims to provide an integrated grate plate to solve the problem that the grates used in existing waste incinerators are composed of multiple grate plates connected into a group, and each grate plate and its grate group require an installation support structure, which makes the installation and replacement of the entire grate very complicated, with many installation and connection points, and the installation and maintenance costs and operation cycle very long.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: an integrated grate plate, comprising an integral grate plate in the shape of a strip plate along the transverse direction, a connecting structure is provided at both ends of the integral grate plate, and the two ends of the grate plate are fixedly connected and communicated with the side beams of the incinerator grate through the connecting structure, an air duct is provided inside the grate plate along the length direction, and a plurality of grate heads with upper and lower height differences are provided on the upper part of the grate plate along the length direction, and the grate heads are combined to form a serrated structure, and the serrated structure is combined with a plurality of reinforcing ribs provided in the air duct so that the position between adjacent grate heads in the air duct forms a V-shaped warp, and a plurality of primary air holes connected to the air duct are provided on the back of the grate head.

[0011] Preferably, as an improvement, the air duct runs through the grate pieces along the length direction, and after the grate pieces are connected to the side beams, primary air is provided into the air duct from both ends.

[0012] Preferably, as an improvement, the grate plates are divided into several groups of side-by-side grate heads along the length direction.

[0013] Preferably, as an improvement, the grate head is a hollow shell, and each grate head is in the shape of a wedge-shaped quadrangular pyramid with an inclined front, back, top and two side surfaces, and the inclination angles of the front and back are different.

[0014] Preferably, as an improvement, the front surfaces of two adjacent grate heads are flush, and the back surfaces and top surfaces are staggered.

[0015] Preferably, as an improvement, the primary air holes are located on the back side of the grate head.

[0016] Preferably, as an improvement, the primary air hole gradually expands toward the inside of the grate head to form an inverted trumpet shape.

[0017] Preferably, as an improvement, the bottom of the grate plate is opened, the bottom surfaces of the connecting structures at both ends of the grate plate are flush, the middle parts of the bottom surfaces of the plurality of reinforcing ribs are arched upward, and vent holes are provided in the middle of the reinforcing ribs.

[0018] The integrated grate plate provided by the present invention, when applied to the grate of a waste incinerator, is primarily used as a fixed grate. By improving the multiple grate plates arranged horizontally side by side in a traditional grate into a single, integrated unit connected to the side beams at both ends, this reduces the number of connection points required for installation and replacement. After installation, the fixed grate in the incinerator's grate consists of a single integrated grate plate spanning the grate horizontally and multiple integrated grate plates arranged side by side vertically. During incinerator operation, this combined grate plate and the movable grate convey, stir, mix, divide, and disperse the waste.

[0019] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. A single integrated grate is a monolithic grate that covers a single row of the incinerator horizontally. It only needs to be installed and fixed through the connection structure at both ends. There are fewer connection points for installation and replacement, fewer installation and maintenance operation points, and assembly and maintenance are more labor-saving and convenient, which is conducive to reducing the installation and disassembly cycle and cost.

[0021] 2. The grate of the incinerator is a single integrated grate piece in the horizontal direction. There is no joint gap between multiple grate pieces in the horizontal direction, which prevents garbage from leaking from the gap and helps to reduce the leakage of ash from the top of the grate to the moving structure below during use.

[0022] 3. Each integrated grate uses a hollow, horizontally through-type air duct that gradually expands toward the inside of the grate head, forming an inverted trumpet-shaped primary air hole. The air duct is supplied with primary air through the side beams at both ends, achieving the effect of continuously discharging ash and slag from the air outlet, making it difficult for ash and slag to block the air outlet and fall into the moving structure below to cause obstruction. This is also beneficial to the overall horizontal cooling of the grate. During long-term operation, some ash and slag will inevitably remain in the air duct. The through-type air duct can also be used to clean the accumulated ash and slag online by inserting a cleaning brush into the interior of the air duct to ensure smooth air flow.

[0023] 4. Only the block-shaped head is used, and the long strips are removed, which simplifies the production process, reduces the amount of raw materials used, shortens the manufacturing cycle, and is more conducive to reducing costs. It can also reduce the maintenance and replacement costs caused by wear and tear of the long strips and breakage.

[0024] 5. The front ends of the two adjacent heads are aligned, the rear ends are staggered, and the air outlet directions are staggered, which can effectively break up the garbage layer, cause the height of garbage in various parts of the incinerator material layer to change, aggravate the instability of the garbage material layer, facilitate the breaking up and loosening of the garbage, and realize the all-round breaking up, loosening and stirring of the garbage material layer in the incinerator, thereby improving the drying and combustion efficiency of the garbage, shortening the drying time, and facilitating the rapid combustion of the garbage.

[0025] 6. The connecting structures at both ends extend into the side beams. The connecting structures can be freely expanded and contracted in the side beams to achieve rapid overall replacement. There will be no slag leakage between the side beams, which reduces the amount of slag leakage and does not block the moving components below. It also effectively solves the problem of gap reservation and compensation for thermal expansion in traditional grate groups, that is, if the gap is too large, slag leakage is easy to occur, and if it is too small, it is easy to cause mechanical jamming.

[0026] 7. When the integrated grate plate provided by the present invention is used for a single row of a 100TPD county-level grate furnace, the integrated grate plate of the present invention can make the grate more integrated and can be installed and replaced as a whole, which has more advantages than other traditional large grates and multi-row grates. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a top view of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a side view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is the main view of Example 1 of the present invention after installation.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a top view of Example 5 of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a top view of Example 6 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a top view of Example 7 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0034] The reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: grate plate 1, side beam 2, connecting base 3, grate head 101, primary air hole 102, reinforcing rib plate 103, air duct 104, front 105, top surface 106, back 107, side 108, and vent 109.

[0035] Example 1, basically as in the attached Figure 1 、 Figure 3 As shown: An integrated grate plate, including an integral grate plate 1 in the shape of a strip cast in one piece, with connecting bases 3 welded at both ends of the grate plate 1 as a connecting structure, the bottom surface of the connecting base 3 is flush, and a through hole is provided in the middle of the connecting base 3. A socket is provided on the inner side of the side beam 2 of the incinerator grate, and the connecting base 3 is inserted into the socket on the side beam 2 to realize the connection between the two ends of the grate plate 1 and the side beam 2 of the incinerator grate. In this way, a certain compensation space can be provided by the insertion depth of the connecting base 3 in the side beam 2. During the use of the incinerator, the connection between the integrated grate plate and the side beam 2 caused by temperature changes can be compensated, ensuring that the integrated grate plate is installed stably and reliably. An air duct 104 is provided inside the grate plate 1 along the length direction, and the air duct 104 passes through the grate plate 1 along the length direction and is connected to the through hole in the middle of the connecting base 3. The bottom end of the grate plate 1 is provided with an opening. The side beam 2 of the incinerator grate is connected to the primary air supply source, and a plurality of primary air holes 102 connected to the air duct 104 are arranged side by side along the length direction on the upper part of the grate plate 1.

[0036] Combine Figure 2 、 Figure 3As shown, the grate sheet 1 is divided into several groups of side-by-side grate heads 101 with upper and lower height differences along the length direction, wherein the grate heads 101 are grouped one, two or three. In this embodiment, the grate sheet 1 is composed of five groups of grate heads 101, including one grate head 101 at both ends, three grate heads 101 in the middle, and two grate heads 101 in between. Reinforcing ribs 103 are welded in the air duct 104 between adjacent groups. The middle part of the bottom surface of the reinforcing ribs 103 is arched upward. The structural strength of the grate sheet 1 in the length direction can be enhanced by the reinforcing ribs 103. Three side-by-side vents 109 are provided on the reinforcing ribs 103 for primary air to pass through. Several grate heads 101 are horizontally combined to form a serrated structure. The serrated structure combined with the reinforcing ribs 103 in the air duct 104 forms a V-shaped warp between adjacent grate heads 101 in the air duct 104. Combined Figure 2 As shown, the grate head 101 is a shell with uniform thickness. Each grate head 101 is a wedge-shaped quadrangular pyramid with an inclined front 105, back 107, top 106, and two side surfaces 108. The front 105 and back 107 have different inclination angles. This, combined with the installation angle of the grate plates, can produce different stirring and mixing effects on the material layer during use. The front 105 easily enters the material layer, contacts the material, and lifts the material layer; the back 107 has difficulty entering the material layer, squeezing the material and pushing it. The front 105 ends of two adjacent grate heads 101 are flush, while the back 107 and top 106 are staggered. The adjacent grate heads 101 have different heights. Thus, the adjacent grate heads 101 have top surfaces 106 and side surfaces 108 with different inclination angles, which can enhance the stirring and mixing effect on the material layer. The primary air holes 102 are located on the back side 107 of the grate head 101, forming air outlet directions at different angles. The primary air holes 102 gradually expand toward the inside of the grate head 101, forming an inverted trumpet shape. When the integrated grate plate moves backward, local gaps are easily formed, thereby enhancing the primary air outlet's contact with the material and enhancing the material combustion effect. The middle portion of the bottom surface at both ends of the length direction of the grate plate 1 is arched upward, so that when in use, the contact area between the integrated grate plate and the movable structure of the grate below can be reduced, reducing frictional resistance and ensuring smooth and stable movement of the grate movable structure. When this embodiment is used, it is used in conjunction with the matching movable grate plate. The grate plate 1 is placed on the movable grate plate, and the bottom opening of the grate plate 1 is blocked and closed from below by the movable grate plate to ensure that the primary air in the air duct 104 has a certain working pressure.

[0037] Embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that each group of grate heads 101 includes two grate heads 101 arranged side by side. This can adapt to the use of grates of different sizes.

[0038] Example 3: This example differs from Example 1 only in that each group of grate heads 101 includes five grate heads 101 arranged side by side. This adapts to grates of different sizes, especially large grates, effectively reducing the number of grate segments to be assembled, shortening the system assembly cycle and maintenance cycle.

[0039] Example 4: This example differs from Example 1 only in that the bottom of the grate plate 1 is closed and the middle of the bottom surface of the grate plate 1 is arched upward. This makes the air duct 104 inside the grate plate 1 more sealed and more conducive to full utilization of the primary air.

[0040] Example 5, as Figure 4 As shown, the only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the grate plate 1 is S-shaped along the length direction.

[0041] Example 6, as Figure 5 As shown, the only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the grate plate 1 is arc-shaped along the length direction, and the side where the front 105 of the grate head 101 is located is the outer arc side.

[0042] Example 7, as Figure 6 As shown, the only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the grate piece 1 is arc-shaped along the length direction, and the side where the back surface 107 of the grate head 101 is located is the outer arc side.

[0043] When applied to the grate of a waste incinerator, the integrated grate sheet of the present invention is connected between the side beams 2 of the grate by bolts and used as a fixed grate in the grate. Since it is only fixed by connecting at both ends, the lower bolt connection, tail slots, complex reinforcing ribs and other connecting support structures are omitted, shortening the system installation and disassembly cycle. The traditional long strip plate structure is eliminated, the length of the grate sheet is greatly shortened, the production and processing technology is simplified, the manufacturing cycle can be shortened, and the problem of the existing grate sheet being smashed and broken can be eliminated in later applications. The horizontal integrated casting is a whole, and there is no joint gap between the traditional multiple grate sheets, which greatly reduces the phenomenon of slag leakage and air leakage in the joints during engineering applications. The structure of the base 3 connected at both ends is inserted into the side beam 2, so that there is no gap between the integrated grate sheet and the side beam 2, further reducing the amount of slag leakage. On this basis, a hollow structural design is adopted, and the primary air is supplied in combination with the side beam 2, eliminating the existing air supply method of the air chamber. The primary air can be heated through the side beam 2 before being supplied to the integrated grate. The primary air can be supplied from the inside, and the primary air can be concentrated into the air duct 104 and then ejected from each primary air hole 102, effectively preventing ash from entering the air duct 104. In the case where some ash is inevitably present in the air duct 104, an openable port can be provided on the side beam 4, and a cleaning brush can be inserted into the air duct 104 through the through hole of the connection base 3 to effectively clean the accumulated ash online. It can also reduce the heat loss of the incinerator at the side beam 2, make the utilization of primary air more efficient, and effectively cool the side beam 2 and the integrated grate. Compared with the existing technology, the overall structure is more integrated, the structure is simpler, and it is more convenient to install and maintain.

[0044] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution are not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several variations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the description can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. An integrated grate, characterized by: It includes an integral grate sheet in the shape of a strip in the transverse direction, with connecting structures provided at both ends of the grate sheet, which are fixedly connected and communicated with the side beams of the incinerator grate through the connecting structures, an air duct is provided inside the grate sheet along the length direction, and a plurality of grate heads with upper and lower height differences are provided on the upper part of the grate sheet along the length direction, the grate heads are combined to form a sawtooth structure, the sawtooth structure is combined with a plurality of reinforcing ribs provided in the air duct so that the positions between adjacent grate heads in the air duct form a V-shaped warp, and a plurality of primary air holes connected to the air duct are provided on the back of the grate head; The grate sheets are divided into several groups of side-by-side grate heads along the length direction. The grate heads are hollow shells. Each of the grate heads is a wedge-shaped quadrangular pyramid with an inclined front, back, top and two side surfaces. The front and back surfaces have different inclination angles. The fronts of two adjacent grate heads are flush, and the backs and top surfaces are staggered.

2. The integrated grate sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air duct passes through the grate pieces along the length direction, and after the grate pieces are connected to the side beams, primary air is provided into the air duct from both ends.

3. The integrated grate sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary air holes are located on the back side of the grate head.

4. The integrated grate sheet according to claim 3, characterized in that: The primary air hole gradually expands toward the inside of the grate head to form an inverted trumpet shape.

5. The integrated grate sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the grate plate is open, the bottom surfaces of the connecting structures at both ends of the grate plate are flush, the middle parts of the bottom surfaces of the plurality of reinforcing ribs are arched upward, and vent holes are provided in the middle of the reinforcing ribs.

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