Planar orthogonal electromagnetic assisted vibratory multi-material sand mold additive manufacturing method and apparatus

Abstract

The present application relates to a planar orthogonal electromagnetic auxiliary vibration multi-material sand mold additive manufacturing method and device. The device comprises a hanging beam multi-material sand laying mechanism, a printing platform, a sand collecting groove, a machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism, a machine base sliding rail and a two-way electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism. The device is based on droplet jet technology for sand mold additive manufacturing, increases the space orthogonal two-way interactive follow-up sand laying mechanism, breaks through the single dimension sand laying limitation, realizes multi-region fixed-point quantitative sand falling, is equipped with a double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism, clearly defines the multi-material matching interface, and at the same time, is matched with a two-way electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism to realize accurate control of compaction and pressing amount, fills the printing return stroke, improves the sand mold printing precision and efficiency, and has important significance for realizing two-way efficient multi-material sand mold overall printing process.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of 3DP printing of casting sand molds, in particular to a planar orthogonal electromagnetic auxiliary vibration multi-material sand mold additive manufacturing method and device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Sand mold 3D printing technology is widely used and can realize rapid manufacturing in the fields of assembly manufacturing, new product development and personalized complex parts, etc., and has very broad development prospects. However, at the present stage, the molding material of sand mold 3D printing technology is relatively single, which cannot meet the casting needs of personalized high-quality complex castings, and due to the special forming principle of layer-by-layer bonding of loose sand in sand mold 3D printing technology, the sand mold has high porosity and low strength, and can only increase the strength by adding a bonding agent, and with the large amount of bonding agent added, it will cause problems such as large gas evolution of the sand mold, poor collapsibility, etc., affecting the surface quality and performance of the casting.

[0003] At the present stage, the sand mold 3D printing equipment has been relatively mature, but most of them are equipped with single horizontal direction moving sand laying printing devices, and the two-way sand laying printing devices designed by other patents are mostly sand laying devices with symmetrical sand laying printing mechanisms or sand laying printing integrated devices integrated with multiple printing heads and multiple sand laying boxes, which move back and forth in a single dimension horizontal direction to lay sand and print, which although improves the printing efficiency, but has low flexibility, is not conducive to multi-material sand laying, and is easy to cause the integrated device to be difficult to clean and disassemble and repair.

[0004] At present, the single-material sand mold overall printing equipment based on one-way moving sand laying printing has the following disadvantages:

[0005] (1) The sand molding material is single, which is difficult to meet the high-performance casting needs of high-end complex castings, and the sand laying area is difficult to accurately control, and the interface matching regulation and control of different material sand particles are difficult;

[0006] (2) One-way sand laying printing leads to low sand mold printing efficiency, and the two-way integrated sand laying printing device with single dimension back-and-forth sand laying printing cannot meet the sand laying needs of multi-material sand;

[0007] (3) The compaction device is difficult to accurately control the compaction amount, and is easy to stick sand particles, which destroys the overall sand mold printing precision. SUMMARY

[0008] The present application provides a planar orthogonal electromagnetic auxiliary vibration multi-material sand mold additive manufacturing method and device to improve the printing efficiency, flexible manufacturing capability and product performance of the multi-material sand mold overall printing forming equipment, aiming at the problems of low printing efficiency, single forming material, difficult interface matching regulation and control of sand particles and difficult accurate control of compaction amount in the prior art one-way sand laying printing equipment.

[0009] (ii) Technical Solution

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the plane orthogonal electromagnetic auxiliary vibration multi-material sand type additive manufacturing device comprises: a hanging beam multi-material sand laying mechanism, a printing platform, a sand collecting groove, a machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism, a machine base sliding rail, a two-way electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism.

[0011] The sand collecting groove is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the printing platform; the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism is provided with a full-width sand laying box b and a movable sand laying box b, a servo motor a controls a sliding block below a fixed connecting plate to move on the machine base sliding rail; the machine base two-way electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism is symmetrically provided with a double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism and an electromagnetic vibration compaction mechanism on both sides of the printing mechanism; the hanging beam multi-material sand laying mechanism suspends a follow-up sand laying mechanism above the printing platform through a hanging beam frame and moves in a perpendicular direction to the machine base sliding rail through a hanging beam sliding rail;

[0012] Further, the orthogonal two-way interactive follow-up sand laying mechanism is composed of the hanging beam multi-material sand laying mechanism and the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism, and two-way multi-region fixed-point and fixed-quantity sand laying is realized through the two-way interactive follow-up sand laying mechanism; the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism is provided with the full-width sand laying box b and the movable sand laying box b on both sides, a servo motor b controls the movable sand laying box b to slide on a movable sliding rail b, position sensors are arranged at both ends of the bottom of the sliding rail to limit the sliding stroke of the movable sand laying box, and a space sand laying mechanism is added to break the limitation of single-dimensional sand laying;

[0013] Further, the hanging beam multi-material sand laying mechanism is supported by a hanging beam frame and a fixed base to ensure stable operation of the whole mechanism; the movable sand laying box a slides through a movable sliding rail a and forms a follow-up sand laying mechanism with the full-width sand laying box a, a hanging beam sliding rail is built-in below the hanging beam frame, the follow-up sand laying mechanism moves on the hanging beam sliding rail through the hanging beam sliding table in a perpendicular direction to the machine base sliding rail;

[0014] Further, the two-way electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism is composed of a printing mechanism, a double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism and an electromagnetic vibration compaction mechanism; in the printing mechanism, a printing nozzle is connected with a side rail through a sliding block linkage seat, a servo motor c controls a movable guide column to rotate, a guide sleeve gives a sliding block a guiding power to promote the nozzle to move and print; the double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the printing mechanism, a cylinder is arranged at both ends of a sand shoveling plate, the double-cylinder linkage quickly pushes the sand shoveling plate to shovel away excess sand materials higher than a reference surface, a plurality of pneumatic connectors are arranged on the sand pushing mechanism, a certain gas pressure gas is introduced into the pneumatic connector to blow the shovelled excess sand materials into the sand collecting groove, so as to realize sand laying of various sand materials; the number and distance of the pneumatic connectors are designed according to requirements;

[0015] Further, in the electromagnetic vibration compaction mechanism, the stepping motor controls the synchronous belt to drive the synchronous pulley to rotate, and a certain rotating speed is given to the compaction roller according to requirements, the electromagnetic vibrator is connected with the connecting support and the compaction roller through the fixed connecting sleeve, the connecting support plays a supporting and stabilizing role, the electromagnetic vibrator drives the compaction roller to vibrate according to the required amplitude, and the compaction pressure is accurately controlled.

[0016] The application also provides a planar orthogonal electromagnetic auxiliary vibration multi-material sand mold additive manufacturing method, which is performed according to the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: a multi-material sand mold three-dimensional model is designed according to the requirements of the casting, sand materials are selected, the layer thickness is set, and slicing and information processing are performed;

[0018] Step 2: the selected multi-material sand materials are mixed with a curing agent and placed in a sand laying box, after the bottom layer of sand is laid from right to left in the sand laying box b of the full width of the machine base in advance, the entire plane is pushed and compacted to the right as a reference surface;

[0019] Step 3: after the bottom layer of sand is laid, the bidirectional electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism and the multi-material sand laying mechanism of the machine base are moved to the original starting point at the leftmost end;

[0020] Step 4: the sand laying box of the machine base moves from the starting point to the right, and the special sand material is laid on the bottom layer of sand in a local, fixed and quantitative manner, followed by laying the ordinary sand material in the full width, until the entire plane is covered, at this time, the special sand is covered with a layer of ordinary sand material;

[0021] Step 5: the sand shoveling plate below the double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism is aligned with the compaction edge reference position, and is quickly moved to the right, and every time a width is passed, the double-cylinder linkage quickly pushes the sand shoveling plate to shovel away the excess sand material beyond the reference surface and blow it into the sand collecting groove, and the electromagnetic vibration compaction mechanism compacts and prints the sand surface of the current width until the rightmost end, so that the multi-material sand laying and printing are realized;

[0022] Step 6: the multi-material sand laying box of the hanging beam moves from the starting position, and the special sand material is laid in a local, fixed and quantitative manner in the vertical direction to the movement of the sand laying box of the machine base, followed by laying the ordinary sand material in the full width, until the entire printing plane is covered;

[0023] Step 7: the bidirectional electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism moves from the rightmost end to the left, and the sand laying, compaction and printing procedures in step 5 are repeated;

[0024] Step 8: during the printing, the multi-material sand laying mechanism of the machine base moves back to the leftmost end with the bidirectional electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism, and the sand laying box of the hanging beam moves back to the starting position;

[0025] Step 9: Repeat steps 3 to 8, layer by layer printing until the multi-material sand mold printing is completed, realizing the bidirectional interactive multi-material sand laying printing process.

[0026] Further, the bidirectional interactive follow-up sand laying printing method is to lay multiple types of sand materials in two vertical directions, and to complete the bidirectional efficient multi-material sand mold printing forming by adopting the back-and-forth moving and compacting printing process, to fill the printing return empty stroke, and to improve the multi-material sand mold performance and printing precision; the ordinary sand material generally adopts quartz sand, and the special sand material types include zircon sand, chromite sand and forsterite sand, etc.

[0027] Further, the step 5 adopts the mode of pneumatic pushing and quickly shoveling away the excess sand material to clearly match the interface of the multiple sand materials; the double-cylinder linkage quick sand shoveling should set the cylinder pressure according to the required sand shoveling amount, and the cylinder pressure can be selected in the range of 0.6-1.2MPa; the pneumatic joint should set the blowing pressure according to the required sand blowing amount, and the blowing pressure can be selected in the range of 0.4-0.8MPa.

[0028] Further, the step 5 adopts the mode of electromagnetic auxiliary vibration compaction to accurately control the compaction pressure and realize high-precision sand mold forming; the electromagnetic vibration amplitude, the compaction roller speed and the compaction pressure should be matched with each other to avoid mechanical damage and destroy the sand mold performance; the electromagnetic auxiliary vibration controls the compaction pressure through the amplitude, and the compaction pressure and the compaction roller speed should be set according to the performance requirements of the casting mold, the amplitude can be selected in the range of 0.1-1mm, the compaction pressure can be selected in the range of 0.05-0.25mm, the accurate value of the compaction pressure should be 0.01mm, and the compaction roller speed can be selected in the range of 0.5-11r / min.

[0029] Further, the step 6 adopts the multi-material follow-up sand laying mode which is perpendicular to the sand laying direction of the machine base, and the sand laying starting position is the full-width sand laying box a and the obstacle-free joint position of the hanging beam frame.

[0030] The present application provides a planar orthogonal electromagnetic auxiliary vibration multi-material sand mold additive manufacturing method and device, which has the following beneficial effects compared with the existing sand mold printing technology based on micro-droplet spraying:

[0031] (1) The device and method increase the spatial sand laying mechanism, adopt the orthogonal bidirectional multi-material efficient sand laying method, remove the empty stroke in the traditional sand mold 3D printing unidirectional sand laying process, break the single dimension sand laying limitation, shorten the sand laying printing time, and improve the overall efficiency and application performance of the sand mold 3D printing.

[0032] (2) The device and method further improve the sanding flexibility, because of the flexible laying, there are more sand type options, so the multi-material sand mold can improve the performance of the casting, adjust the limitations of the sand mold 3D printing material, and control the multi-material sanding interface matching, realize high-precision and high-efficiency preparation of the mold, and complete the comprehensive control of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the casting.

[0033] (3) The device and method adopt electromagnetic auxiliary vibration compaction, accurately control the compaction pressure, and improve the overall sand mold printing precision and performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the planar orthogonal electromagnetic auxiliary vibration multi-material sand mold additive manufacturing device described in the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0035] Figure 2 The hanging beam multi-material sanding mechanism diagram described in the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0036] Figure 3 The overhead view of the machine base multi-material sanding mechanism described in the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0037] Figure 4 The overhead view of the machine base multi-material sanding mechanism described in the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0038] Figure 5 The two-way electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism diagram described in the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0039] Figure 6 The two-way electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism A area enlarged view described in the embodiment of the application is shown in the figure.

[0040] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS: 1- hanging beam multi-material sanding mechanism; 2- printing platform; 3- sand collecting groove; 4- machine base multi-material sanding mechanism; 5- machine base sliding rail; 6- two-way electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism; 7- moving sanding box a; 8- moving sliding rail a; 9- hanging beam sliding rail; 10- hanging beam frame; 11- fixed base; 12- fixed sanding box a; 13- hanging beam sliding table; 14- fixed sanding box b; 15- servo motor a; 16- fixed connecting plate; 17- moving sliding rail b; 18- moving sanding box b; 19- servo motor b; 20- position sensor; 21- moving guide column; 22- printing nozzle; 23- sliding block linkage seat; 24- guide sleeve; 25- double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism a; 26- servo motor c; 27- double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism b; 28- connecting bracket; 29- synchronous belt; 30- electromagnetic vibrator; 31- air cylinder; 32- pneumatic joint; 33- sand shoveling plate; 34- compaction roller; 35- fixed connecting sleeve; 36- synchronous pulley; 37- stepping motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present application will be further clarified by the following description and specific embodiments, which should be understood not to limit the scope of the present application. It is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Specifically, the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "up," and "down" refer to the directions in the drawings and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the directions toward or away from the geometric center of the relevant component.

[0042] As shown in the drawings, the embodiment of the present application provides a planar orthogonal electromagnetic auxiliary vibration multi-material sand type additive manufacturing device, which comprises a hanging beam multi-material sand laying mechanism 1, a printing platform 2, a sand collecting groove 3, a machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism 4, a machine base sliding rail 5, and a bidirectional electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism 6. Figure 1 The sand collecting groove 3 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the printing platform 2; the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism 4 is provided with a full-width sand laying box b14 and a movable sand laying box b18, a servo motor a15 controls a sliding block below a fixed connecting plate to move on the machine base sliding rail 5; the machine base bidirectional electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism 6 is symmetrically provided with a double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism 2527 and an electromagnetic vibration compaction mechanism on both sides of the printing mechanism; the hanging beam multi-material sand laying mechanism 1 suspends a follow-up sand laying mechanism above the printing platform 2 through a hanging beam frame 10 and moves in a direction perpendicular to the machine base sliding rail through a hanging beam sliding rail 9.

[0043] As shown in the drawings, the orthogonal bidirectional interactive follow-up sand laying mechanism is composed of the hanging beam multi-material sand laying mechanism 1 and the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism 4, and bidirectional multi-region fixed-point and fixed-quantity sand laying is realized through the bidirectional interactive follow-up sand laying mechanism; the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism 4 is provided with the full-width sand laying box b14 and the movable sand laying box b18 on both sides, a servo motor b19 controls the movable sand laying box to slide on a movable sliding rail b17, position sensors 20 are arranged at both ends of the bottom of the sliding rail to limit the sliding stroke of the movable sand laying box;

[0044] As shown in the drawings, the orthogonal bidirectional interactive follow-up sand laying mechanism is composed of the hanging beam multi-material sand laying mechanism 1 and the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism 4, and bidirectional multi-region fixed-point and fixed-quantity sand laying is realized through the bidirectional interactive follow-up sand laying mechanism; the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism 4 is provided with the full-width sand laying box b14 and the movable sand laying box b18 on both sides, a servo motor b19 controls the movable sand laying box to slide on a movable sliding rail b17, position sensors 20 are arranged at both ends of the bottom of the sliding rail to limit the sliding stroke of the movable sand laying box; Figure 3 4 As shown in the drawings, the orthogonal bidirectional interactive follow-up sand laying mechanism is composed of the hanging beam multi-material sand laying mechanism 1 and the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism 4, and bidirectional multi-region fixed-point and fixed-quantity sand laying is realized through the bidirectional interactive follow-up sand laying mechanism; the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism 4 is provided with the full-width sand laying box b14 and the movable sand laying box b18 on both sides, a servo motor b19 controls the movable sand laying box to slide on a movable sliding rail b17, position sensors 20 are arranged at both ends of the bottom of the sliding rail to limit the sliding stroke of the movable sand laying box;

[0045] As shown in the drawings, the orthogonal bidirectional interactive follow-up sand laying mechanism is composed of the hanging beam multi-material sand laying mechanism 1 and the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism 4, and bidirectional multi-region fixed-point and fixed-quantity sand laying is realized through the bidirectional interactive follow-up sand laying mechanism; the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism 4 is provided with the full-width sand laying box b14 and the movable sand laying box b18 on both sides, a servo motor b19 controls the movable sand laying box to slide on a movable sliding rail b17, position sensors 20 are arranged at both ends of the bottom of the sliding rail to limit the sliding stroke of the movable sand laying box; Figure 2 As shown in the drawings, the orthogonal bidirectional interactive follow-up sand laying mechanism is composed of the hanging beam multi-material sand laying mechanism 1 and the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism 4, and bidirectional multi-region fixed-point and fixed-quantity sand laying is realized through the bidirectional interactive follow-up sand laying mechanism; the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism 4 is provided with the full-width sand laying box b14 and the movable sand laying box b18 on both sides, a servo motor b19 controls the movable sand laying box to slide on a movable sliding rail b17, position sensors 20 are arranged at both ends of the bottom of the sliding rail to limit the sliding stroke of the movable sand laying box;

[0046] Figure 5 ​​As shown, the bidirectional electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism 6 is composed of a printing mechanism, a double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism 25 27 and an electromagnetic vibration compaction mechanism; in the printing mechanism, the printing nozzle 22 is connected with the side rail through the slider linkage seat 23, the servo motor c26 controls the rotation of the moving guide column 21, the slider is given a guiding power through the guide sleeve 24, and the nozzle is moved to print; the double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism 25 27 is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the printing mechanism, the sand shoveling plate 33 is provided with a cylinder 31 at both ends, the double-cylinder linkage quickly pushes the sand shoveling plate to shovel away the excess sand material higher than the reference surface, the sand pushing mechanism is provided with a plurality of pneumatic connectors 32, a certain gas pressure is introduced into the pneumatic connector, the excess sand material is blown into the sand collecting groove, and thus a plurality of sand materials are laid; the number and distance of the pneumatic connectors are designed according to requirements, for example, the length of the double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism is 400 mm, the sand blowing amount is greater than or equal to 300 cm when laying sand on each layer 3 , the outer diameter of a single pneumatic connector is 15 mm, and 16 pneumatic connectors are arranged on the sand pushing mechanism, and each pneumatic connector is 10 mm apart;

[0047] As shown in Figure 6 , in the electromagnetic vibration compaction mechanism, the stepping motor 37 controls the synchronous belt 29 to drive the synchronous pulley 36 to rotate, a certain rotating speed is given to the compaction roller 34 according to requirements, the electromagnetic vibrator 30 is connected with the connecting bracket 28 and the compaction roller 34 through the fixed connecting sleeve 35, the connecting bracket 28 plays a supporting and stabilizing role, the electromagnetic vibrator 30 drives the compaction roller 34 to vibrate according to the required amplitude, and the compaction compaction amount is accurately controlled.

[0048] In addition, the embodiment also provides a planar orthogonal electromagnetic auxiliary vibration multi-material sand mold additive manufacturing method.

[0049] According to the pump body requirement of 280mm*264mm*110mm, a multi-material sand mold three-dimensional model is designed, three kinds of sand materials (70 / 140 quartz sand, 200 / 270 chromite sand and 200 / 270 zircon sand) are selected, the layer thickness is set to 0.4mm, and slicing and information processing are carried out; the selected various sand materials are mixed with 3.5wt.‰ curing agent, the quartz sand is put into the full-width sand laying box, and the other two sands are respectively put into the moving sand laying box, the base layer quartz sand is laid from right to left by the machine base full-width sand laying box b14 in advance, and the whole plane is pushed to the right as a reference surface; after the base layer sand is laid, the bidirectional electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism 6 and the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism 4 are moved to the original starting point at the leftmost end together; the machine base follow-up sand laying box moves from the starting point to the right, and the chromite sand is laid on the base layer sand in a local fixed position and a fixed amount, followed by full-width laying of quartz sand, until the whole plane is filled, at this time a layer of quartz sand is covered on the special sand; the shovel sand plate 33 below the double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism 25, 27 is adjusted to align with the compaction edge reference position, and is quickly moved to the right, and every time a width (70.36mm) is passed, the double-cylinder linkage quickly pushes the shovel sand plate 33 with a length of 400mm at a gas pressure of 0.7MPa, and the excess sand material of at least 300cm 3 above the reference surface is shovelled away, and the excess sand material is blown into the sand collecting groove 3 at a blowing gas pressure of 0.5MPa, and the electromagnetic vibration compaction mechanism compacts and prints (amplitude 0.1mm, compaction pressure 0.05mm, compaction roller speed 2r / min) the current width sand surface until the rightmost end, realizing the laying and printing of various sand materials; the hanging beam multi-material follow-up sand laying box moves from the starting position, and the zircon sand is laid in a local fixed position and a fixed amount in the vertical direction to the movement of the machine base sand laying box, followed by full-width laying of quartz sand, until the whole printing plane is filled; the bidirectional electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism 6 (amplitude 0.1mm, compaction pressure 0.05mm, compaction roller speed 2r / min) moves from the rightmost end to the left, and the sand laying, compaction and printing procedures are repeated; during printing, the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism 4 moves back to the leftmost end with the bidirectional electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism 6, and the hanging beam sand laying box moves back to the starting position; the above steps are repeated, and the layer-by-layer bidirectional interactive laying and printing method is adopted until the multi-material pump body casting mold printing is completed.

[0050] The technical means disclosed in the scheme of the application is not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above-mentioned embodiments, but also includes technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features.

Claims

1. A planar orthogonal electro-magnetic assisted vibratory multi-material sand- mold additive manufacturing apparatus, characterized in that, The sanding mechanism comprises a hanging beam multi-material sanding mechanism (1), a printing platform (2), a sand collecting groove (3), a machine base multi-material sanding mechanism (4), a machine base slide rail (5), and a two-way electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism (6).

2. The planar orthogonal electromagnetic assisted vibrational multi-material green sand additive manufacturing device of claim 1, wherein, The sanding mechanism comprises a hanging beam multi-material sanding mechanism (1), a printing platform (2), a sand collecting groove (3), a machine base multi-material sanding mechanism (4), a machine base slide rail (5), and a two-way electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism (6). The two-way electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism (6) comprises a printing mechanism, and double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanisms one (25) and two (27) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the printing mechanism. The machine base multi-material sanding mechanism (4) is provided with a full-width sanding box b (14) and a movable sanding box b (18). The movable sanding box b (18) is controlled by a servo motor b (19) to slide on a movable slide rail b (17). The full-width sanding box b (14) and the movable sanding box b (18) constitute a base follow-up sanding mechanism. The hanging beam multi-material sanding mechanism (1) is supported by a hanging beam frame (10) and a fixed base (11). The movable sanding box a (7) slides through a movable slide rail a (8) and constitutes a hanging beam follow-up sanding mechanism with a full-width sanding box a (12). The hanging beam frame (10) is provided with a hanging beam slide rail (9) below. The hanging beam follow-up sanding mechanism is installed on the hanging beam slide rail (9) through a hanging beam slide (13) and moves in the vertical direction of the machine base slide rail. The movable sanding box slide stroke is limited by position sensors (20) arranged at both ends of the slide rail bottom.

3. The planar orthogonal electromagnetic assisted vibrational multi-material green sand additive manufacturing device of claim 1, wherein, The bidirectional electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism (6) is composed of a printing mechanism, a double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism I (25), a double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism II (27) and an electromagnetic vibration compaction mechanism; the printing mechanism is connected with a side rail through a sliding block linkage seat (23) by a printing nozzle (22), a servo motor c (26) controls the rotation of a moving guide column (21), a guide sleeve (24) gives a sliding block guiding power to promote the nozzle to move and print; the double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism I (25) and the double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism II (27) are provided with a double cylinder formed by a cylinder (31) at both ends of a sand shoveling plate (33), the double cylinder linkage quickly pushes the sand shoveling plate to shovel away the excess sand material higher than the reference surface, the double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism I (25) and the double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism II (27) are provided with a plurality of pneumatic connectors (32), a certain gas pressure is introduced into the pneumatic connector to blow the shovelled excess sand material into a sand collecting groove, so as to realize the sand paving of a plurality of sand materials; the number and distance of the pneumatic connectors are designed according to requirements.

4. The planar orthogonal electromagnetic assisted vibrational multi-material green sand additive manufacturing device of claim 3, wherein, In the electromagnetic vibration compaction mechanism, a stepping motor (37) controls the rotation of a synchronous belt (29) to drive a synchronous pulley (36) to rotate, a certain rotating speed is given to a compaction roller (34) according to requirements, an electromagnetic vibrator (30) is connected with a connecting bracket (28) and the compaction roller (34) through a fixed connecting sleeve (35), the connecting bracket (28) plays a supporting and stabilizing role, the electromagnetic vibrator (30) drives the compaction roller (34) to vibrate according to the required amplitude, and the compaction pressure is accurately controlled.

5. A planar orthogonal electromagnetic assisted vibratory multi-material sand mould additive manufacturing method, said method employing a planar orthogonal electromagnetic assisted vibratory multi-material sand mould additive manufacturing apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that, The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: according to the casting requirements, a three-dimensional model of a multi-material sand mold is designed, sand materials are selected, layer thickness is set, and slicing and information processing are performed; Step 2: the selected plurality of sand materials are mixed with a curing agent and placed in a sand paving box, wherein a full-width sand paving box b (14) and a movable sand paving box b (18) constitute a base servo sand paving mechanism, after the bottom layer sand is paved from right to left in advance by the full-width sand paving box b (14), the entire plane is pushed flat and compacted to the right as a reference surface; Step 3: after the bottom layer sand is paved, the bidirectional electromagnetic vibration compaction printing integrated mechanism (6) and the base multi-material sand paving mechanism (4) are moved together to the original starting point at the leftmost end; Step 4: the base servo sand paving mechanism starts from the starting point and moves to the right, locally and quantitatively paving special sand materials at fixed points on the bottom layer sand, followed by full-width paving of ordinary sand materials, until the entire plane is paved, at this time a layer of ordinary sand materials is covered on the special sand; Step 5: The double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism one (25) and the double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism two (27) include a sand shoveling plate (33), and a cylinder (31) is arranged at both ends of the sand shoveling plate (33) to form a double cylinder; the sand shoveling plate (33) below the double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism one (25) and the double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism two (27) is adjusted to be aligned with the reference position of the compacting edge, and is quickly moved to the right, and the double-cylinder linkage quickly pushes the sand shoveling plate (33) every time one width is passed, so that the excess sand material exceeding the reference surface is shovelled away and blown into the sand collecting groove (3), and the electromagnetic vibration compaction mechanism and the printing mechanism compact and print the sand surface of the current width until the rightmost end, so that the multiple sand materials are laid and printed; Step 6: The hanging beam follow-up sand laying mechanism moves from the starting position, and lays the special sand material in a local fixed point and a fixed quantity in the direction perpendicular to the movement of the machine base follow-up sand laying mechanism, and then lays the general sand material in the full width, until the entire printing plane is fully laid; Step 7: The bidirectional electromagnetic vibration compaction and printing integrated mechanism (6) moves from the rightmost end to the left, and the sand laying, compaction and printing procedures in step 5 are repeated; Step 8: During the printing, the machine base multi-material sand laying mechanism (4) moves back to the leftmost end along with the bidirectional electromagnetic vibration compaction and printing integrated mechanism (6), and the hanging beam follow-up sand laying mechanism moves back to the starting position; Step 9: Steps 3 to 8 are repeated, and the sand laying and printing are performed layer by layer until the multi-material sand printing is completed, so that the bidirectional interactive multi-material sand laying and printing process is realized.

6. The planar, orthogonally electromagnetic assisted vibrational multi-material green sand additive manufacturing method of claim 5, wherein, The manufacturing method is to lay multiple sand materials in two directions vertically, and to adopt a back-and-forth moving compaction and printing procedure to complete the bidirectional efficient multi-material sand printing forming, fill the printing return empty stroke, and improve the performance and printing precision of the multi-material sand mold; the general sand material adopts quartz sand, and the types of the special sand material include zircon sand, chromite sand or forsterite sand.

7. The planar, orthogonally electromagnetic assisted vibrational multi-material green sand additive manufacturing method of claim 5, wherein, In step 5, the pneumatic pushing mode is adopted to quickly shovel away the excess sand material, and the matching interface of the multiple sand materials is clearly defined; the air pressure of the double-cylinder linkage sand shoveling should be set according to the required shoveling amount, and the air pressure is selected in the range of 0.6-1.2 MPa; the pneumatic joint (32) of the double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism one (25) and the double-cylinder linkage sand pushing mechanism two (27) is set according to the required blowing amount, and the blowing air pressure is selected in the range of 0.4-0.8 MPa.

8. The planar, quadrature electromagnetic, auxiliary vibrated multi-material sand- pattern additive manufacturing method of claim 5, wherein, In step 5, the electromagnetic auxiliary vibration compaction mode is adopted to accurately control the compaction pressure, and the high-precision sand mold forming is realized; the electromagnetic auxiliary vibration amplitude, the compaction roller speed and the compaction pressure should be matched with each other to avoid mechanical damage and damage to the performance of the sand mold; the electromagnetic auxiliary vibration controls the compaction pressure through the amplitude, and the compaction pressure and the compaction roller speed should be set according to the performance requirements of the casting mold, the amplitude is selected in the range of 0.1-1 mm, the compaction pressure is selected in the range of 0.05-0.25 mm, the accurate value of the compaction pressure is 0.01 mm, and the compaction roller speed is selected in the range of 0.5-11 r / min.

9. The planar, quadrature electromagnetic, auxiliary vibrated multi-material sand- pattern additive manufacturing method of claim 5, wherein, The step 6 adopts a multi-material follow-up sanding mode which is perpendicular to the sanding direction of the machine base, and the sanding starting position is the position where the full-width sanding box a (12) and the hanging beam frame (10) are connected without obstacles.

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