A rail grinding device for railway engineering

Abstract

A rail grinding device for railway engineering belongs to the field of rail grinding devices. It is primarily designed to address the low efficiency of existing rail rust removal and grinding devices. It comprises a body with four grinding mechanisms and a power assembly. A slider within a chute is connected to the chute's sidewalls by a spring. The grinding mechanism's motor is fixed to the top of the slider. A mounting housing is located below the motor's output shaft. Each mounting opening of the mounting housing houses a first grinding disc. A movable block, fixed to the first grinding disc, is located within a movable groove within the mounting housing and secured to the groove by a spring. A ring sleeve is mounted on the outside of the motor's output shaft, with the ring sleeve's fixing rod extending into a fixing hole on the motor's output shaft. A push rod is located at the top of the first grinding disc. The mounting housing has an air injection hole, and a circular block within the mounting housing contains an air cavity. The air cavity has a connecting pipe at the top and an air extraction hole at the bottom. A pull rod on a piston within the air cavity secures the first grinding disc. The mounting housing also has a circular hole. The advantage is high grinding efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of track grinding devices, and in particular relates to a track grinding device for railway engineering. Background Art

[0002] Track refers to the route paved with steel strips for trains, trams, etc. After a period of use, the track needs to be polished and rust-removed, especially the inner side, to ensure the normal operation of the track, so a grinding device is needed.

[0003] The existing rail rust removal and grinding device moves the movable plate left and right on the fixed cross plate, so that the wedge-shaped extrusion block moves left and right, the extrusion rod moves inward, the extrusion rod is used to clamp the grinding rod, and then the fixing screw is tightened to fix the grinding rod; when the driving motor drives the supporting shaft to rotate, the third pulley also rotates accordingly, and the third pulley drives the fourth pulley to rotate, and the grinding rod and the grinding head also rotate together, so that the side of the rail can be ground and rust removed, thereby extending the service life of the rail. However, when this device is in use, the grinding head will overheat after grinding the inner side of the rail for a period of time, so it is necessary to wait for it to cool down for a period of time before it can be used. This waiting process affects the efficiency of the entire rust removal work.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to invent a railway engineering track grinding device to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a rail grinding device for railway engineering with high rust removal efficiency.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved as follows: it includes a machine body, a power component for driving its movement is provided at the bottom of the machine body, two groups of grinding mechanisms are arranged on the left and right sides of the machine body, each group includes two grinding mechanisms arranged on the left and right sides, the structures of the grinding mechanisms are the same, and the two grinding mechanisms in each group can grind the left and right sides of a track; four slide grooves are provided on the machine body, the bottoms of the slide grooves are connected to the outside world, and the four grinding mechanisms correspond to the four slide grooves one by one; each slide groove is provided with a slider installed in cooperation with the slide groove, and a second spring is fixed on the side of each slider facing the track, and the other end of the second spring is fixed to the side wall of the slide groove close to the track.

[0007] The cam is fixed to the top of the sliding block, and the output shaft of the first motor is threadedly connected to the lower part of the sliding block, and a mounting shell is fixed to the lower part of the sliding block after the output shaft of the first motor passes through the sliding block, and the outer surface of the mounting shell is equidistantly provided with a plurality of vertical mounting openings, the number of the vertical mounting openings being even; a first grinding sheet is provided in each vertical mounting opening, and a movable slot is provided in the mounting shell below each vertical mounting opening, the movable block is arranged in the movable slot and slides in contact with the movable slot, and the movable block is fixed with the lower end of the first grinding sheet, and the side of the movable block away from the center of the mounting shell is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the movable slot by a first spring; a ring sleeve located above the mounting shell is sleeved on the outside of the output shaft of the first motor, and a fixing rod is threadedly connected to the upper part of the ring sleeve, and the output shaft of the first motor is provided with a fixing hole that cooperates with the fixing rod. The number of the fixing holes is the same as the number of the first grinding sheets and the position corresponds to that of the first grinding sheets, and the fixing rod extends into a fixing hole on the output shaft of the first motor, so as to realize limiting of the ring sleeve. A plurality of outwardly extending adjustment blocks are fixed at equal intervals on the outer circumference of the lower portion of the ring sleeve. The adjustment blocks are wedge-shaped block components with curved surfaces on the outer side. The number of the adjustment blocks is half the number of the first grinding plates. An upwardly extending push rod is fixed to the top of each first grinding plate. The push rods of the first grinding plates are in contact with the adjustment blocks on the ring sleeve at intervals.

[0008] There is a cavity inside the mounting shell, and a number of air jet holes connected to the cavity are symmetrically provided on the mounting shell on both sides of the vertical mounting port for each first grinding plate, and the jet directions of these air jet holes are all toward the first grinding plates; a round block is provided in the middle of the cavity, and the bottom of the round block is fixed to the bottom wall of the mounting shell by a vertical rod, and the inside of the round block is equidistantly surrounded by air cavities with the same number and corresponding positions as the first grinding plates, and a connecting pipe is provided at the top of each air cavity, and the other end of the connecting pipe is located in the cavity above the round block, and an exhaust hole is provided at the bottom of each air cavity, and a one-way valve is provided on each exhaust hole and each air jet hole, and a piston is provided in each air cavity, and a pull rod is fixedly installed on the side of the piston away from the center of the round block, and the end of the pull rod away from the piston extends outside the air cavity and is fixedly connected to the corresponding first grinding plate.

[0009] The bottom of the installation shell is provided with a circular hole communicated with the inner cavity thereof.

[0010] The power assembly includes four rollers, two of which are arranged in the front of the machine body, and two rollers are arranged in the rear of the machine body. The two rollers at the front are installed on the front roller frame through shafts, and the two rollers at the rear are installed on the rear roller frame through shafts. The four rollers are respectively located on the surfaces of the two tracks. Two cylinders are fixedly installed on the top of the machine body through a connecting frame, and a guide wheel frame is fixedly installed on the bottom of the cylinder rods of the two cylinders. The two guide wheels are respectively installed on the guide wheel frame through guide wheel shafts. A second motor is fixedly installed on the outside of the guide wheel frame, and the output shaft of the second motor is connected to the guide wheel shaft of one of the guide wheels. A transmission rod is connected between the guide wheel shafts of the two guide wheels, and the lifting and lowering of the guide wheel frame can be controlled by extending and shortening the cylinder rod of the cylinder, thereby adjusting the position of the guide wheel so that the two guide wheels are respectively located on the surfaces of the two tracks.

[0011] The outer side of the slider is fixedly connected to a curved protective cover through a connecting rod. The open end of the protective cover is located on the track side and contacts the track side. The protective cover is located on the outer side of the mounting shell. The mounting shell and the first grinding sheet can be protected by the protective cover.

[0012] An arc block is fixedly installed on the bottom of the protective cover, and the arc surface of the arc block is arranged toward the track side.

[0013] A vertical receiving groove is provided on the outer side surface of each first grinding plate, and a second grinding plate is slidably installed in the receiving groove. The two side surfaces of the second grinding plate are arc-shaped surfaces. The inner side surface of the second grinding plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the receiving groove by a third spring. The lower end surface of the second grinding plate is located above the lower end surface of the first grinding plate (the lower end of the second grinding plate is higher than the position of the fixing bolts of the rail and the sleeper), and the outer side surface of the second grinding plate is exposed from the receiving groove of the first grinding plate.

[0014] The working process of this device:

[0015] The machine body is placed on the track, and the first motor is pulled to drive the slider and the mounting shell below to move outward. A pair of adjacent mounting shells are pulled apart to ensure that they can be placed on both sides of the track. As the slider moves, the second spring is stretched to deform and generate a force. When the mounting shell is located on the side of the track, the first motor is released, and the second spring releases the force to drive the slider and the mounting shell below to return to their original position, so that the first grinding sheet can move with the mounting shell until it contacts the inner side of the track.

[0016] The first motor is started to rotate its output shaft to drive the mounting shell, the first grinding disc and the second grinding disc to rotate, and at the same time cooperates with the power assembly to drive the body to move along the track, so that the first grinding disc below can cooperate with the second grinding disc to move along the track to grind its side surface;

[0017] After grinding for a period of time, the first motor is turned off, and the first grinding sheet is adjusted through the ring sleeve to cancel the restriction on the first grinding sheets that have just been used. At this time, the deformed first spring releases the force to drive the moving block and the first grinding sheet that has just been used to be retracted into the mounting shell. At the same time, the unused first grinding sheet drives the connected moving block to extend out of the mounting shell, and at the same time compresses the first spring to deform it to generate a force, and finally completes the switching between the used first grinding sheet and the unused first grinding sheet. There is no need to wait for the first grinding sheet to cool down, and the operation can be continued, which greatly improves work efficiency.

[0018] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0019] The inner side of the rail can be polished, and by switching the first polishing disc and the second polishing disc, the operation can be continued without waiting for the first polishing disc and the second polishing disc to cool down, thereby greatly improving work efficiency. While switching the first polishing disc, both sides of the first polishing disc in the collection process can be blown and cleaned to avoid the accumulation of impurities and dust affecting the collection of the first polishing disc, thereby ensuring the normal switching. The stones stuck on the inner wall of the rail can be removed through the protective cover so that the stones will not hinder the first polishing disc, thereby protecting the first polishing disc. When encountering the fixing bolts of the rail and the sleeper during the polishing process, the first polishing disc and the fixing bolts can be automatically avoided to avoid contact between the first polishing disc and the fixing bolts, thereby protecting the first polishing disc, and while avoiding, the second polishing disc can cooperate with the second polishing disc to polish part of the inner side of the rail, thereby improving the polishing effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention from another angle;

[0022] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention from another angle;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a bottom view structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the installation shell in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the mounting shell in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the protective cover in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following combination Figure 1-8 The present invention is further described;

[0029] It includes a body 1, the bottom of which is provided with a power component for driving its movement, and two groups of grinding mechanisms arranged on the left and right sides of the body, each group including two grinding mechanisms arranged on the left and right sides, the structures of the grinding mechanisms are the same, and the two grinding mechanisms in each group can grind the left and right sides of a track; four slide grooves 2 are provided on the body, the bottoms of the slide grooves are connected to the outside world, and the four grinding mechanisms correspond to the four slide grooves one by one; each slide groove is provided with a slider 3 installed in conjunction with the slide groove, and a second spring 4 is fixed on the side of each slider facing the track, and the other end of the second spring is fixed on the side wall of the slide groove close to the track.

[0030] The structure of the grinding mechanism is as follows: it includes a first motor 5, the first motor is fixed to the top of the slider, and the output shaft of the first motor is fixed to the lower part of the slider after passing through the slider, and the outer surface of the mounting shell is equidistantly provided with a plurality of vertical mounting openings, the number of which is even; a first grinding sheet 7 is provided in each vertical mounting opening, and a movable groove 8 is provided in the mounting shell below each vertical mounting opening, and a movable block 9 is arranged in the movable groove and in sliding contact with the movable groove, and the movable block is fixed with the lower end of the first grinding sheet, and the side of the movable block away from the center of the mounting shell is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the movable groove by a first spring 10; a ring sleeve 11 located above the mounting shell is sleeved on the outside of the output shaft of the first motor, and a fixing rod 12 is threadedly connected to the upper part of the ring sleeve, and a fixing hole that cooperates with the fixing rod is provided on the output shaft of the first motor The top of each first grinding sheet is fixed with an upwardly extending push rod 14, and the push rod of the first grinding sheet contacts the adjusting block on the ring sleeve at intervals; the fixing rod is rotated forward to move it outward and leave the fixing hole on the first motor output shaft, and the ring sleeve is rotated to drive the adjusting block to rotate, so that the adjusting block is separated from the conflicting push rod, and the first grinding sheet and the moving block connected to the separated push rod are retracted into the mounting shell under the action of the first spring. At the same time, as the adjusting block rotates, it conflicts with the next push rod and drives the first grinding sheet and the moving block connected thereto to move outward of the mounting shell, that is, the first grinding sheets originally received in the mounting shell can extend out of the mounting shell from the mounting opening, and then the fixing rod is reversed to be inserted into the next fixing hole, so as to achieve the fixation of the ring sleeve, and thus complete the switching of the first grinding sheet after use.

[0031] The number of the first grinding sheets is at least eight, and the positions of every two adjacent first grinding sheets are different, that is, one protrudes from the outside of the mounting shell and the other is retracted into the mounting shell. Since the number of adjustment blocks is half the number of the first grinding sheets, the adjacent first grinding sheets can be switched for use.

[0032] There is a cavity inside the mounting shell, and a number of air jet holes 15 connected to the cavity are symmetrically provided on the mounting shell on both sides of the vertical mounting port for each first grinding plate, and the jet directions of these air jet holes are all toward the first grinding plates (that is, the jet directions of the air jet holes are toward the vertical mounting port of the first grinding plate located between them); a round block 16 is provided in the middle of the cavity, and the bottom of the round block is connected and fixed to the bottom wall of the mounting shell by a vertical rod 17. Air cavities 18 with the same number and corresponding positions as the first grinding plates are equidistantly arranged inside the round block, and a connecting pipe 19 is provided at the top of each air cavity, and the other end of the connecting pipe is located in the cavity above the round block. An exhaust hole 20 is provided at the bottom of each air cavity, and a one-way valve is provided on each exhaust hole and each air jet hole. A piston 21 is provided in each air cavity, and a pull rod 22 is fixedly installed on the side of the piston away from the center of the round block, and the end of the pull rod away from the piston extends outside the air cavity and is fixedly connected to the corresponding first grinding plate. When the first grinding disc is retracted, it will drive the pull rod and the piston to move, squeezing the air in the air cavity outward. At this time, the one-way valve in the exhaust hole is closed. As the air is squeezed out, it enters the cavity through the connecting pipe and pushes open the one-way valve in the air jet hole to be ejected, which can blow on both sides of the first grinding disc during the retraction process, and clean the dust attached to its surface and impurities attached by grinding, so as to avoid the accumulation of impurities and dust affecting the retraction of the first grinding disc, thereby ensuring the normal switching. When the first grinding disc moves toward the outside of the mounting shell, it can cooperate with the pull rod to drive the piston to move, and extract air into the air cavity. At this time, the one-way valve in the exhaust hole is opened, and the one-way valve in the air jet hole is closed, and the outside air enters the air cavity through the exhaust hole for replenishment.

[0033] A circular hole 23 communicating with the inner cavity of the mounting shell is provided at the bottom thereof, through which the air in the mounting shell can be exchanged with the outside, thereby helping to dissipate heat of the first polishing sheet after use.

[0034] The power assembly includes four rollers 24, two of which are arranged in the front of the machine body, and two rollers are arranged in the rear of the machine body. The two rollers at the front are installed on the front roller frame 31 through an axis, and the two rollers at the rear are installed on the rear roller frame 32 through an axis. The four rollers are respectively located on the surfaces of the two rails 25. Two cylinders 26 are fixedly installed on the top of the machine body through a connecting frame. The bottom of the cylinder rods of the two cylinders are jointly fixedly installed with a guide wheel frame 27. Two guide wheels 28 are respectively installed on the guide wheel frame through guide wheel shafts. A second motor 29 is fixedly installed on the outside of the guide wheel frame. The output shaft of the second motor is connected to the guide wheel shaft of one of the guide wheels. A transmission rod 30 is connected between the guide wheel shafts of the two guide wheels. The lifting and lowering of the guide wheel frame can be controlled by the extension and shortening of the cylinder rod of the cylinder, thereby realizing the adjustment of the guide wheel position, so that the two guide wheels are respectively located on the surfaces of the two rails. Starting the second motor causes its output shaft to rotate and drive the connected guide wheel to rotate, and then drives the other guide wheel to rotate through the transmission rod, providing forward power for the machine body, and cooperating with the rollers to realize the movement of the machine body along the track.

[0035] The outer side of the slider is fixedly connected to a curved protective cover 34 through a receiving rod 33. The open end of the protective cover is located on the track side and contacts the side of the track. The protective cover is located on the outside of the mounting shell, and the mounting shell and the first grinding plate can be protected by the protective cover. When the machine body moves, the slider and the protective cover move accordingly. The protective cover can remove stones attached to the inner wall of the track so that the stones will not hinder the first grinding plate and protect the first grinding plate. The protective cover is curved and can cooperate with the curved surface to guide the stones that are pushed open so that the stones can avoid the first grinding plate.

[0036] An arc block 35 is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the protective cover, with the arc surface of the arc block facing the track side.

[0037] The outer side surface of each first grinding sheet is provided with a vertical receiving groove 37, and a second grinding sheet 36 is slidably installed in the receiving groove. The two side surfaces of the second grinding sheet are arc-shaped surfaces, and the inner side surface of the second grinding sheet is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the receiving groove by a third spring 38. The lower end surface of the second grinding sheet is located above the lower end surface of the first grinding sheet (the lower end of the second grinding sheet is higher than the position of the fixing bolt of the track and the sleeper), and the outer side surface of the second grinding sheet is exposed from the receiving groove of the first grinding sheet. The protective cover drives the arc block to move. When the arc block moves to the fixing bolt 39 of the track and the sleeper, the arc surface of the arc block conflicts with the fixing bolt, so that the arc surface of the arc block moves outward along the fixing bolt, and at the same time drives the protective cover, the slider, the first motor and the mounting shell below and the first grinding sheet to move accordingly. At the same time, the slider stretches the second spring to deform it to generate a force, so that the first grinding sheet can avoid the fixing bolt. In the process of avoiding, the first When the second grinding sheet leaves the inner side of the track, under the action of the third spring, the second grinding sheet is extended out of the first grinding sheet again, and the second grinding sheet makes it possible to grind part of the inner side of the track when the first grinding sheet avoids the fixing bolt, thereby improving the grinding effect.

[0038] Working principle: When in use, place the machine body on the track, pull the first motor to drive the slider and the mounting shell below to move outward, pull a pair of adjacent mounting shells apart to ensure that they can be placed on both sides of the track, and while the slider moves, the second spring will be stretched to deform and generate a force. When the mounting shell is on the side of the track, release the first motor, and the second spring releases the force to drive the slider and the mounting shell to reset. The first grinding sheet can move with the mounting shell until it contacts the side of the track. Start the first motor to rotate its output shaft to drive the mounting shell and the first grinding sheet to rotate. When the first grinding sheet rotates, it will drive the second grinding sheet to move accordingly. After the arc surface of the second grinding sheet conflicts with the inner side of the track, When the second grinding sheet leaves the inner side of the track, the third spring is used to make the second grinding sheet extend out of the first grinding sheet again, and the power component is used to drive the machine body to move along the track. The first grinding sheet and the second grinding sheet can move along the track to grind the inner side thereof. After grinding for a period of time, the first motor is turned off, and the fixed rod is rotated forward to move it outward and away from the fixed hole of the output shaft of the first motor. The ring sleeve is rotated to drive the adjusting block to rotate and separate from the conflicting push rods. The separated push rods The first grinding sheet and the movable block connected thereto are retracted into the mounting shell under the action of the first spring, and at the same time, as the adjusting block rotates, it contacts the next push rod, causing the first grinding sheet and the movable block connected thereto to move out of the mounting shell, and at the same time, the first spring connected thereto is compressed to cause its deformation to generate an action force, so that the first grinding sheet originally received in the mounting shell can be extended out of the mounting shell, and then the fixing rod is reversed to be inserted into the next fixing hole, thereby fixing the ring sleeve, and thus completing the switching of the first grinding sheet and the second grinding sheet after use. There is no need to wait for the first grinding sheet and the second grinding sheet to cool down, and the operation can be continued, which greatly improves the work efficiency. When the cam is retracted, the pull rod and the piston will move accordingly, squeezing the air in the air cavity outwards. At this time, the one-way valve in the exhaust hole is closed. As the air is squeezed out, it enters the cavity through the connecting pipe and pushes open the one-way valve in the air jet hole to be ejected. It can blow on both sides of the first grinding disc during the retraction process to clean it, and avoid the accumulation of impurities and dust affecting the retraction of the first grinding disc, thereby ensuring the normal switching. When the first grinding disc moves toward the outside of the mounting shell, it can cooperate with the pull rod to drive the piston to move accordingly, and extract air into the air cavity. At this time, the one-way valve in the exhaust hole is opened, and the one-way valve in the air jet hole is closed, and the outside air enters the air cavity through the exhaust hole for replenishment.When the machine body moves, the slider and the protective cover move accordingly, and the protective cover can remove the stones attached to the inner wall of the track so that the stones will not hinder the first grinding sheet and can protect the first grinding sheet. The protective cover is curved and can cooperate with the curved surface to guide the stones that are opened so that the stones can avoid the first grinding sheet. The protective cover drives the arc surface block to move accordingly. When the arc surface block moves to the fixing bolts of the track and the sleeper, the arc surface of the arc surface block contacts the fixing bolts, so that the arc surface block cooperates with the arc surface to move outward along the fixing bolts, driving the protective cover, the slider, the first motor and the installation below The shell moves accordingly, and at the same time, the slider stretches the second spring to deform it and generate a force, so that the first grinding can avoid the fixing bolt. In the process of avoiding, the first grinding piece is separated from the inner side of the track. At this time, the second grinding piece can contact the inner side of the track to grind it. When the arc block moves to separate from the fixing bolt, the second spring releases the force to drive the slider to reset, so that the first grinding piece can be reset to contact the inner wall of the track. Through the second grinding piece, it is possible to still perform partial grinding on the inner side of the track when the first grinding piece avoids the fixing bolt, thereby improving the grinding effect.

[0039] While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and alterations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rail grinding device for railway engineering, comprising a body (1), a power assembly for driving the body at its bottom, two groups of grinding mechanisms arranged on the left and right, each group comprising two grinding mechanisms arranged on the left and right; wherein: The machine body is provided with four slide grooves (2), the bottoms of which are connected to the outside world, and the four grinding mechanisms correspond to the four slide grooves one by one; each slide groove is provided with a slider (3) mounted in cooperation with the slide groove, and each slider is fixed with a second spring (4) on the side facing the track, and the other end of the second spring is fixed to the side wall of the slide groove close to the track; The grinding mechanism includes a first motor (5), which is fixed on the top of the slider, and the output shaft of the first motor passes through the slider and a mounting shell (6) is fixed to the lower part thereof, and a plurality of vertical mounting openings are equidistantly opened on the outer surface of the mounting shell, and the number of the vertical mounting openings is an even number; a first grinding sheet (7) is provided in each vertical mounting opening, and a movable groove (8) is provided in the mounting shell below each vertical mounting opening, and a movable block (9) is provided in the movable groove and in sliding contact with the movable groove, and the movable block is fixed to the lower end of the first grinding sheet, and a side of the movable block away from the center of the mounting shell is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the movable groove via a first spring (10); The ring sleeve (11) located above the mounting shell is sleeved on the outside of the output shaft of the first motor, and a fixing rod (12) is threadedly connected to the upper part of the ring sleeve. A fixing hole that cooperates with the fixing rod is provided on the output shaft of the first motor, and the fixing rod extends into the fixing hole on the output shaft of the first motor. A plurality of outwardly extending adjustment blocks (13) are fixed at equal intervals on the outer circumference of the lower part of the ring sleeve. The adjustment blocks are wedge-shaped block components with an arc surface on the outer side. The number of the adjustment blocks is half the number of the first grinding sheets. A top rod (14) extending upward is fixed to the top of each first grinding sheet. The top rod of the first grinding sheet contacts the adjustment block on the ring sleeve at intervals. The mounting shell has a cavity inside, and a plurality of jet holes (15) connected to the cavity are symmetrically provided on the mounting shell on both sides of the vertical mounting opening for each first grinding sheet, and the jet directions of these jet holes are all toward the vertical mounting opening of the first grinding sheet located between them; a round block (16) is provided in the middle of the cavity, and the bottom of the round block is connected and fixed to the bottom wall of the mounting shell through a vertical rod (17); the inside of the round block is equidistantly surrounded by air cavities (18) with the same number and corresponding positions as the first grinding sheets, and a connecting pipe (19) is provided at the top of each air cavity, and the other end of the connecting pipe is located in the cavity above the round block, and an air extraction hole (20) is provided at the bottom of each air cavity, and a one-way valve is provided on each air extraction hole and each jet hole, and a piston (21) is provided in each air cavity, and a pull rod (22) is fixedly installed on the side of the piston away from the center of the round block, and the end of the pull rod away from the piston extends to the outside of the air cavity and is fixedly connected to the corresponding first grinding sheet; the bottom of the mounting shell is provided with a round hole (23) connected to its inner cavity; The outer side of the slider is fixedly connected to a curved protective cover (34) via a receiving rod (33), the open end of the protective cover is located on the track side and contacts the track side, the protective cover is located on the outer side of the mounting shell, and an arc block (35) is fixedly installed on the bottom of the protective cover, and the arc surface of the arc block is arranged toward the track side; A vertical receiving groove (37) is provided on the outer side of each first grinding sheet, and a second grinding sheet (36) is slidably installed in the receiving groove. The two side surfaces of the second grinding sheet are arc-shaped surfaces. The inner side surface of the second grinding sheet is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the receiving groove through a third spring (38). The lower end surface of the second grinding sheet is located above the lower end surface of the first grinding sheet, and the outer side surface of the second grinding sheet is exposed from the receiving groove of the first grinding sheet. The number of the fixing holes is the same as that of the first grinding plates and the positions thereof correspond.

2. The rail grinding device for railway engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power assembly includes four rollers (24), two of which are arranged in front of the machine body, and two rollers are arranged in the rear of the machine body. The two rollers located in the front are mounted on a front roller frame (31) through a shaft, and the two rollers located in the rear are mounted on a rear roller frame (32) through a shaft. The four rollers are respectively located on the surfaces of two tracks (25). Two cylinders (26) are fixedly mounted on the top of the machine body through a connecting frame. The bottoms of the cylinder rods of the two cylinders are fixedly mounted with a guide wheel frame (27). Two guide wheels (28) are respectively mounted on the guide wheel frame through a guide wheel shaft. A second motor (29) is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the guide wheel frame. The output shaft of the second motor is connected to the guide wheel shaft of one of the guide wheels. A transmission rod (30) is connected between the guide wheel shafts of the two guide wheels.

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