A real fire simulation training system and simulation training method for large-span industrial plants

Abstract

The present invention discloses a real fire simulation training system for a large-span industrial plant, comprising: a large-span industrial plant, various types of simulation training facilities in the large-span industrial plant, a control system and a supporting system; the various types of simulation training facilities include: a combustion simulation module, a smoke simulation module, an auxiliary simulation module and a special effect simulation module; the auxiliary simulation module includes a falling object simulation submodule, a deformation simulation submodule, an obstacle simulation submodule, a dangerous object simulation submodule, a trap simulation submodule, a leakage simulation submodule and a posture detection device; fire protection measures are taken for the steel beams, steel columns, roofs and part of the exterior walls in the large-span industrial plant; a real fire simulation training method for a large-span industrial plant includes adopting real fire simulation training staged training, including reconnaissance training, search and rescue training, cooling training, fire extinguishing training, smoke exhaust training, material evacuation training and emergency escape training. Corresponding electronic equipment and computer-readable storage media are also disclosed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of safety science and engineering technology, and in particular relates to a real fire simulation training system and a simulation training method for a large-span industrial plant. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the economy and society, large-span industrial plants are widely used due to their advantages such as high strength, light weight, large space, and short construction time. However, due to the high fire load, complex production processes, and building collapse of large-span industrial plants, fire fighting is more difficult than fighting fires in general buildings. To address the firefighting and rescue challenges of large-span industrial plants and to enhance firefighting capabilities, research on large-span industrial plant fire fighting training has become a pressing and practical issue.

[0003] While further improving the effectiveness of firefighting and rescue equipment, increasing practical training is the primary way and means to enhance firefighting capabilities. The training environment has a crucial impact on training effectiveness. Real fire simulation training facilities can simulate an environment similar to an actual fire scene, allowing firefighters to become familiar with, experience, and adapt to the various complexities of a fire scene. This improves commanders' command capabilities and enhances fire safety awareness, thereby enhancing firefighting capabilities. Furthermore, real fire simulation training offers advantages over physical fire training, namely, the reusable training facilities and enhanced safety. However, current research on real fire simulation training is limited to indoor fires and oil tank and chemical fires, lacking research on large-span industrial plants. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to better solve the difficulties faced by firefighters in detecting, extinguishing, searching, cooling, and exhausting smoke when fighting fires in large-span industrial plants. It also aims to improve the real-fire simulation training system and provide a real-fire simulation training system and method for large-span industrial plants. By designing and constructing a real-fire simulation training facility for large-span industrial plants, simulating an environment similar to a plant fire, firefighters can be trained and their ability to fight large-span industrial plant fires can be improved. The system and method address three issues: first, addressing the functional requirements of real-fire simulation training facilities; second, addressing the functional design requirements of real-fire simulation training facilities; and third, addressing the specific application requirements of real-fire simulation training facilities.

[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides a large-span industrial plant real fire simulation training system, comprising:

[0006] Large-span industrial plants, various types of simulation training facilities, control systems, and supporting systems within the large-span industrial plants;

[0007] The various types of simulation training facilities include: a combustion simulation module, a smoke simulation module, an auxiliary simulation module and a special effects simulation module; wherein the auxiliary simulation module includes a falling object simulation sub-module, a deformation simulation sub-module, an obstacle simulation sub-module, a dangerous object simulation sub-module, a trap simulation sub-module, a leakage simulation sub-module and a posture detection device.

[0008] Preferably, fire protection measures are taken for the steel beams, steel columns, roof and part of the exterior walls in the large-span industrial plant, and the heat generated during the training process is cut off or prevented from being transferred to the steel components.

[0009] Preferably, the combustion simulation module includes: setting up a number of combustion devices inside the training workshop, which are independently set up according to the principle of different fire locations and different protection objects, or artificially controlling the fire points to implement series connection, so as to simulate the spread of fire in different areas; setting up a number of combustion devices around the windows of the training workshop to realize the combustion simulation of flames rolling upwards in different windows; the combustion device is composed of a diesel atomizing nozzle, a high-energy ignition device, a flame sensing device and a fan, wherein the function of the diesel atomizing nozzle is to generate a high-speed jet of diesel under the action of pressure, and atomize the diesel through the nozzle; the high-energy ignition device adopts an electronic high-frequency high-voltage igniter; the flame sensing device uses visible light spectrum detection to determine whether the ignition is successful; the function of the fan is to automatically adjust the fan flow and pressure according to the size of the flame; at the same time, automatic shut-off valves and safety interlocking control systems are set on the oil pipe and the air pipe; the high-energy ignition device of the combustion device is fully automatically controlled, can be ignited at any time according to needs, and can be used repeatedly; the height, range and growth rate of the burning flame can be set and automatically adjusted, and the combustion device has dynamic fire feedback technology, and the fire will automatically decrease, extinguish or reignite;

[0010] The smoke simulation module comprises: a plurality of smoke simulation devices installed on windows inside and outside the factory building, so that a designated area is filled with smoke; the smoke spread is simulated by opening the detachable skylight and the automatic skylight on the roof; the smoke simulation device comprises a smoke generating device, a fan and a control device, etc., and a food-grade smoke generating agent is used to emit non-toxic and residue-free smoke, and the smoke concentration is controlled by the duration of the smoke generation; the setting device of the smoke simulation device comprises a smoke outflow simulation smoke generating device (1') and an indoor smoke spread simulation smoke generating device (2');

[0011] The falling object simulation submodule includes a falling simulation device, which is composed of a hanging plate (4A), a capacitive sensor (5A), a lightweight falling object (7A) and a falling object bayonet switch (6A). The hanging plate (4A) is hung on the top of the factory building (1A) through a pull rod (2A). The structure of the falling simulation device is as follows: Figure 3When a firefighter sprays a water cannon at the capacitive sensor (5A), the capacitive sensor (5A) generates a signal and transmits it to the control center via a signal cable (3A). The control system receives the signal, determines whether the training content is qualified, and activates the falling object bayonet switch (6A) according to the training plan set by the guidance team, releasing the light falling object (7A) from the top of the plant (1A), thereby achieving the effect of falling simulation;

[0012] The deformation simulation submodule includes a deformation simulation device, which simulates the signs of partial or complete collapse of the factory building through the interaction of the lighting effects on the induction column and the induction beam with the sound system in the factory building; the device is composed of an explosion-proof warning light (5B) and a sensor (4B), the sensor (4B) has a plurality of signal cables (6), the explosion-proof warning light (5B) and the sensor (4B) are arranged on a crossbeam, the crossbeam is connected between two vertical pull rods (2B), and the other end of the pull rod (2B) is suspended on the roof (1B) of the factory building , the control system with a load-bearing beam (3B) inside turns on the deformation warning light at a certain moment according to the training plan set by the guidance group, and uses the sound facilities in the factory to emit a special sound effect. At this time, the trainees should immediately use a water gun to spray water to cool the "deformed" load-bearing components; when the time when the sensor senses the water flow reaches the set time, a signal is generated and transmitted to the control system, and the control system turns off the warning light and sound, indicating that the treatment is successful; if the sensor (4B) does not sense the water flow within the specified time, the control system tells the trainees through the sound that the treatment has failed and they need to evacuate immediately;

[0013] The obstacle simulation submodule includes an obstacle simulation device. The obstacle simulation device is to install automatic railings on fixed shelves. By controlling the railings, the fire passage conditions are simulated. At the same time, a number of lightweight non-combustible materials are placed on the fixed shelves. By controlling the tilt angle of the shelves, the materials fall, and the automatic railings are used to simulate the blocked passage conditions. Alternatively, the internal space of the factory is divided by sliding doors, and training passages are randomly set according to training needs.

[0014] The trap simulation submodule comprises a trap simulation device, which is composed of components such as a patterned steel plate (1C), a spring sleeve (5C), a compression spring (4C), a movable electromagnet (8C), a sensing device (2C), a positioning rod (6C), a fixed sleeve (7C) and a signal cable (3C). When the trap simulation device is not used for firefighting training, the movable electromagnet (8C) is blocked below the positioning rod (6C). At this time, when a firefighter steps on the patterned steel plate (1C), the positioning rod (6C) does not move downward, allowing the firefighter to pass normally. During firefighting training, the movable electromagnet (8C) is separated from the positioning rod (6C) by the fixed electromagnet. At this time, the firefighter steps on the patterned steel plate (1C), and the positioning rod (6C) moves downward; the positioning rod (6C) limits the downward distance of the patterned steel plate (1C), and when the patterned steel plate (1C) drops 100 mm, it touches the sensing device (2C), and the sensing device (2C) generates a signal and sends it to the control system, which records and judges the firefighter's wrong action; when the firefighter leaves the virtual platform, the virtual platform rises to its original height due to the action of the compression spring (4C); after completion, the moving electromagnet (8C) is controlled again to slide below the positioning rod (6C), thereby turning the virtual platform into a real platform, and the firefighter can pass normally;

[0015] The dangerous object simulation submodule is composed of an explosion-proof heat-insulating box (1D), an explosion-proof heat-insulating window (3D), a display screen (4D), a fire extinguishing agent sensing device (5D) and a wireless antenna (2D); the display screen (4D) is arranged in the explosion-proof heat-insulating window (3D), and the fire extinguishing agent sensing device (5D) is arranged on the same outer surface of the explosion-proof heat-insulating box (1D) and the display screen (4D), and has multiple; the control system displays the type of dangerous object on the display screen (4D) of the device according to the plan set by the guidance group. When the firefighter sprays the corresponding fire extinguishing agent on the fire extinguishing agent sensing device (5D), the fire extinguishing agent sensing device (5D) senses the type of fire extinguishing agent and transmits it to the control system through the wireless antenna (2D), and the control system judges the received information. If the sprayed fire extinguishing agent meets the requirements, the control display screen (4D) displays "treatment successful"; if the sprayed fire extinguishing agent does not meet the requirements, the control display screen displays "treatment failed";

[0016] The leakage simulation submodule includes a leakage simulation device, which is modified by adding a sensing device to the fireproof and explosion-proof distribution box; when the trainee successfully closes the transformer box switch, the transformer box sensing device will automatically send information to the system;

[0017] The posture detection device includes: light isolation detectors are set at the entrances of the five gates to evaluate the posture of entering the gate; when the team members enter the scene, they should move forward in a low posture. If they do not bend over, the light transmission on the device will be blocked, the induction switch will automatically send a signal, and the system will determine that the training posture is unqualified.

[0018] Preferably, the special effects simulation module includes:

[0019] (1) Sound simulation submodule: This includes a sound simulation device. Surround explosion-proof speakers are installed in the training workshop according to actual needs to simulate the fire and the scene of people calling for help.

[0020] (2) Lighting simulation submodule: including lighting simulation devices. In the training workshop, surround color explosion-proof lights and bright color explosion-proof lights are installed according to actual needs to simulate the fire burning and the scene of people calling for help.

[0021] (3) Temperature simulation submodule: including a sound simulation device. Infrared heating devices are installed in the training workshop according to actual needs to simulate the fire and the scene of people calling for help.

[0022] (4) Dismantling simulation submodule: including a dismantling simulation device, including a dismantling skylight, an anti-falling net set under the dismantling skylight, and a dismantling door;

[0023] (5) Rescue object: dummies of different weights are designed and manufactured according to the height and weight of real people; the outer layer of the rescue object is treated with fireproof canvas; a skeleton and fillers are set inside the rescue object, and the skeleton has various postures; a broadcaster with an automatic call for help function is set inside the rescue object, and the call for help function can be remotely controlled.

[0024] Preferably, the control system is used for real-time control, monitoring, communication processing, alarm processing, data statistical analysis and comprehensive management of the training plant. The control system of the real fire simulation facility of the large-span industrial plant includes a graphic display subsystem, a scene control subsystem, a safety monitoring subsystem and a training management and evaluation subsystem.

[0025] Preferably, the supporting system includes:

[0026] (1) Electrical system: A floor-standing power box is installed in the on-site control room of the large-span training plant. All electricity in the plant is fed by this distribution box. The on-site power distribution device should adopt leakage protection type. When the equipment is damaged and leaks electricity, the power supply can be disconnected in time to ensure personal safety. The on-site electrical equipment shall adopt waterproof and dustproof sealed stainless steel shell, which can withstand the test of repeated high temperature and high humidity environment, and protective plates shall be added in places that may be burned by fire or impacted by high-pressure water guns. The distribution cables in the plant shall adopt heavy copper core copper sheathed mineral insulated cables with fire resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, mechanical damage resistance and long service life.

[0027] (2) Sewage treatment system: Wastewater generated during training should be collected through underground pipes and transported to the sewage treatment station at the training base. Qualified treated wastewater should be discharged to the nearby existing sewage pipe network;

[0028] (3) Ventilation system: Axial flow fire smoke exhaust fans and side wall fans are installed in large-span industrial plants for mechanical ventilation and smoke exhaust.

[0029] The second aspect of the present invention is to provide a real fire simulation training method for large-span industrial plants, including phased training using real fire simulation training, including reconnaissance training, search and rescue training, cooling training, fire extinguishing training, smoke exhaust training, material evacuation training and emergency escape training.

[0030] Preferably, the reconnaissance training includes: first, placing a number of materials and dummies in the raw material warehouse and finished product warehouse of the large-span training plant, and using a smoke generating device to simulate the smoke environment of the fire scene, starting a number of combustion devices in the production workshop, and simulating the scene of a large-span industrial plant on fire; then, the reconnaissance team wears safety protection equipment, carries a distress call device, a thermal imager and a thermometer, and uses a guide rope to conduct in-depth reconnaissance; before conducting the reconnaissance, use a thermometer to measure the temperature of the steel structure components outside the plant to ensure that there is no danger of collapse of the plant; when conducting internal reconnaissance, find out the burning status of the fire in the large-span training plant, the number and location of trapped people and whether they are buried, the threat of the fire to the surrounding load-bearing steel components, whether the building steel components have taken corresponding fire protection measures, and at the same time make a preliminary judgment on the attack route; after the reconnaissance is completed, quickly evacuate the training plant and report the reconnaissance results; finally, the evaluation team makes a comprehensive score based on the report of the investigation team and the feedback from the evaluation system of the large-span real fire simulation training facility to determine whether the reconnaissance training is qualified;

[0031] The search and rescue training includes: first, setting up two dummies in a large-span training building, one seriously injured and the other slightly injured, and using real fire simulation training facilities to simulate an initial fire scene; then, the search and rescue teams, wearing personal protective equipment, air respirators, carrying call-out devices, guide ropes, hand-held radios, lights, and escape masks, and under the protection of the cover team, the first search and rescue team uses stretchers to rescue trapped minor injuries, while the second search and rescue team uses body-fixing airbags to rescue trapped serious injuries; finally, the evaluation team determines whether the search and rescue training is qualified based on the video display in the control room and the evaluation results of the evaluation system;

[0032] The cooling training includes: starting the steel structure deformation simulation device, the deformation simulation warning light suddenly flashes, and the sound system in the factory simulates the fire sound environment; the cooling team quickly uses fire hoses or fire water monitors to spray water to cool the temperature-sensing beams and columns around the fire; the training is completed after the warning light goes out and the sound effect stops; after the training, the evaluation team evaluates whether the cooling training is qualified based on the video display in the control room and the feedback from the evaluation system.

[0033] The firefighting training includes: First, using a large-span real-fire simulation training facility to simulate a full-scale fire in a factory building with smoke billowing out, while simultaneously activating auxiliary simulation devices. Trainees then use a high-pressure water truck to spray water on the fire to suppress the fire; using a vehicle-mounted cannon to spray water from both sides of the factory building to cool and extinguish the fire; then, adjusting the large-span real-fire simulation training facility to simulate a fire inside the factory building after the external fire is extinguished; finally, the judging panel determines whether the firefighting training is qualified based on the video display in the control room and the evaluation results of the evaluation system.

[0034] The smoke exhaust training includes: first, using a large-span industrial plant real fire simulation training facility to simulate a plant fire, with the plant filled with a large amount of thick smoke; then, after the smoke exhaust team arrives at the training plant site, while using the smoke exhaust fan inside the plant to mechanically exhaust the smoke, open the doors and windows in the downwind or side downwind direction to speed up the smoke exhaust; when the water gun position is in place, open the doors and windows in the upwind or side upwind direction for ventilation and smoke exhaust; use various smoke exhaust equipment during smoke exhaust; demolish the exterior wall in the downwind direction of the plant, or use a high-rise fire truck to send the demolition team to the roof of the plant to demolish and exhaust the smoke. The training ends when the smoke inside the training plant is exhausted; finally, the judging panel determines whether the smoke exhaust training is qualified based on the video display in the control room and the evaluation results of the evaluation system;

[0035] The material evacuation training includes the following steps: first, a certain amount of non-combustible materials are stacked in a large-span industrial plant, along with a few simulated hazardous material boxes. A real fire simulation training facility is used to simulate a plant fire, causing the fire to spread to the warehouse. Then, the material evacuation team and the internal firefighting team work together to evacuate materials from within the plant. Materials that cannot be evacuated in time are isolated by setting up temporary firewalls, while protective measures are taken for materials surrounding the fire. Finally, an evaluation panel determines whether the material evacuation training has passed the test based on the video display in the control room and the evaluation results of the evaluation system.

[0036] The emergency escape training includes: first, utilizing a combination of fixed shelves and temporarily placed sliding doors in a large-span industrial factory finished product warehouse to create a scenario with a narrow attack path through an obstacle simulation device; simultaneously, utilizing real fire simulation training facilities to simulate a fire scene more similar to a real fire scene. Then, the trainees are organized to train in this scenario and, according to the requirements of the plan, use the obstacle simulation device to change the original path when appropriate. The system controls the pulling down of pre-stacked non-combustible lightweight materials on the shelves to bury the water hoses, thus blocking the attack route and allowing the trainees to evacuate by groping. Simultaneously, additional search and rescue forces are dispatched to search and rescue trapped trainees from the entrance. Finally, the judging panel determines whether the emergency escape training has passed based on the video display in the control room and the evaluation results of the evaluation system.

[0037] A third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a plurality of instructions, and the processor is configured to read the instructions and execute the method described in the second aspect.

[0038] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a plurality of instructions, which can be read by a processor and execute the method described in the second aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 A diagram showing the setting of a combustion device in a training plant according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the smoke device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 A structural diagram of a fall simulation device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 A structural diagram of a deformation simulation device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 A trap simulation device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 A dangerous object simulation submodule according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of an auxiliary device arrangement according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8 A control system framework diagram according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 9 A working principle diagram of a security monitoring system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of an interior attack and firefighting combat position according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a hand crank alarm sending a signal according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 12 This is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the electronic device provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] A large-span industrial plant real fire simulation training system, including:

[0054] Large-span industrial plants and various types of simulated training facilities within the large-span industrial plants, thereby creating a plant fire environment, organizing training, enhancing the psychological quality of firefighters, improving safety awareness, and improving the ability to fight fires in large-span industrial plants;

[0055] (1) During real-fire simulation training, the flames generated by the combustion device can heat building components. To ensure building safety during simulation training, fire protection measures must be implemented for the steel beams, columns, roofs, and portions of exterior walls within existing large-span industrial buildings to prevent damage to the existing building structure during fire training. This embodiment primarily utilizes spraying, encapsulation, and shielding methods to intercept or prevent the heat generated during training from being transferred to the steel components, ensuring that the temperature of the steel components does not exceed their critical temperature during training, thereby ensuring the stability of the steel components.

[0056] (1) Fire protection of steel structures

[0057] First, a fire-retardant coating is sprayed onto the steel structure surface, forming a protective layer of a certain thickness. The steel structure components are then encapsulated with fiber-cement composite steel plates, high-temperature insulation wool, and fiber-cement composite steel plates. Due to the low thermal conductivity of the high-temperature insulation wool, heat transfer to the steel components is effectively reduced, increasing the fire resistance time to 3 hours.

[0058] (2) External wall fire protection

[0059] The original exterior wall near the planned blazing point is demolished, and the steel structure purlins of the demolished wall are used to make a fireproof and heat-insulating exterior wall. The structure of the fireproof and heat-insulating wall is fiber cement composite steel plate and high temperature resistant heat-insulating cotton, and the fire resistance limit is 3h.

[0060] (3) Roof fire protection

[0061] A fireproof ceiling is installed above the combustion area, ensuring building safety. A certain distance is maintained between the ceiling and the roof. The ceiling is primarily constructed of fiber-cement composite steel sandwich insulation (with a middle layer of high-temperature-resistant insulation). Fireproof materials are also used to seal gaps and holes in the ceiling to prevent fire from spreading.

[0062] (2) Various types of simulation training facilities include:

[0063] 1. Combustion simulation module: Several combustion devices are installed inside the training workshop. They are set up independently according to the principle of different fire locations and different protection objects. The fire points can also be manually controlled and connected in series to simulate the spread of fire in different areas. Several combustion devices are set up around the windows of the training workshop to simulate the combustion of flames rolling up from different windows.

[0064] The combustion device design includes:

[0065] (1) Device composition and requirements

[0066] The combustion device primarily consists of a diesel atomizing nozzle, a high-energy ignition device, a flame sensor, and a fan. The diesel atomizing nozzle generates a high-speed jet of diesel fuel under pressure, atomizing the diesel fuel through the nozzle. The high-energy ignition device utilizes an electronic high-frequency, high-voltage igniter. The flame sensor uses visible light spectrum detection to determine successful ignition. The fan automatically adjusts its flow rate and pressure based on the size of the flame. Automatic shut-off valves and a safety interlocking control system are also installed on the oil and air ducts.

[0067] The combustion unit's high-energy ignition device is fully automatically controlled, allowing for ignition at any time and repeated use. Ignition can be controlled from either the central control room console or from an on-site cabinet. A handheld on-site terminal allows for single-touch shutdown of the ignition and smoke generator.

[0068] The height, range and growth rate of the burning flame can be set and automatically adjusted. At the same time, the combustion device should have dynamic fire feedback technology, and the fire will automatically decrease, extinguish or reignite.

[0069] For simulations of fire scenarios such as shelf fires, distribution cabinet fires, and concealed fires, a small-fire combustion device is primarily used. The flame size of a small-fire combustion device should be controlled within a 1m x 1m range, with a height of less than 1.5m. For simulations of large ground fires, a medium-fire combustion device is primarily used. A medium-fire combustion device is composed of several modules, and the flame size should be controlled within a 4m x 2m range, with a height of less than 3m.

[0070] (2) Device setting method

[0071] like Figure 1As shown, six medium-fire combustion devices and seven small-fire combustion devices were installed in the production workshop of the training plant, along with a mobile production line for training. The six medium-fire combustion devices (A-F) in the production workshop are primarily used to simulate a fierce fire that spreads rapidly within the workshop, ultimately resulting in a complete fire. The seven small-fire combustion devices are assigned their functions as follows: small-fire combustion devices a and b are installed near the production line, primarily simulating fires on the production line; small-fire combustion devices d and g are installed at the entrance to the production workshop leading to the warehouse, simulating fires spreading from the production workshop to the raw material warehouse and finished product warehouse; small-fire combustion devices c and f primarily work in conjunction with the medium-fire simulation combustion device and the small-fire combustion devices at locations d and g to simulate fire spread; and small-fire combustion device e is installed near the distribution box to simulate a fire in the distribution box.

[0072] In the finished product warehouse of the training plant, several fixed shelves were placed, along with one medium-fire burner and seven small-fire burners. Medium-fire burner G was used to simulate a fierce fire in the finished product warehouse. Small-fire burners (j-m) were installed near the fixed shelves to simulate a shelf fire spreading rapidly within the warehouse. Small-fire burner h was installed at the warehouse entrance to the workshop, working in conjunction with small-fire burner d to simulate a fire spreading from the finished product warehouse to the production workshop. Small-fire burner n was installed to the side of the factory entrance gate to simulate a fire near the gate. Small-fire burner i was installed in the southwest corner of the finished product warehouse to simulate a fire in a corner of the warehouse.

[0073] Inside the raw material warehouse of the training plant, one medium-fire simulation device, four small-fire combustion devices, and a number of small-sized burn pots were installed. Several mobile racks were also placed according to training needs. Medium-fire combustion device F was used to simulate a fierce fire in the raw material warehouse. Small-fire combustion devices P and Q worked in conjunction with other combustion devices to simulate a fire spreading within the warehouse. Small-fire combustion device O was installed at the warehouse entrance to the workshop and, in conjunction with small-fire combustion device G, simulated a fire spreading from the raw material warehouse to the production workshop. Small-fire combustion device R was installed at the factory gate to simulate a fire at the factory gate entrance. Furthermore, a few burn pots containing a small amount of Class A combustible material and soaked in gasoline were placed according to training needs. These burn pots were then ignited through small flames to increase the complexity of the raw material warehouse fire.

[0074] Small fire devices were installed on the windows of the training building to simulate a fire on the exterior wall. This process was primarily used to simulate a large-span industrial building in a three-dimensional state of combustion, with flames rolling outward from all windows.

[0075] The combustion device of the training plant is set up as follows Figure 1The small rectangle in the figure is a small fire combustion device, the large rectangle is a medium fire combustion device, and the reference numerals represent the following: 1 represents an assembly line fire; 2 represents an intense fire; 3 represents a distribution box fire; 4 represents an exterior wall fire; 5 represents a cross-area fire; 6 represents a concealed fire; 7 represents an entrance fire; 8 represents a shelf fire; and 9 represents a temporary fire.

[0076] 2. Smoke simulation module: Several smoke-generating devices are installed on the windows inside and outside the factory to fill the designated area with smoke; the opening of the breakable skylights and automatic skylights on the roof can simulate the spread of smoke.

[0077] (1) Device composition and requirements

[0078] The smoke simulation device mainly consists of a smoke generator, a fan, and control equipment. The smoke agent should be food-grade smoke agent, which emits non-toxic and residue-free smoke. The smoke concentration is controlled by the duration of the smoke generation.

[0079] When performing smoke simulation, the parameters of the smoke generating device used in this design are shown in Table 1:

[0080] Table 1 Smoke generating device parameters

[0081]

[0082] The smoke generating device is mainly used to fill the designated area with smoke according to training needs, and is combined with the combustion simulation device to enable trainees to experience the real fire environment.

[0083] (2) Device setting method

[0084] The number of smoke generators installed in the factory directly determines the time it takes for the smoke to fill the training factory. The number of devices is determined based on the size of the training factory and the smoke generating power. Calculate the time it takes for the smoke to be Ym from the ground after the fire occurs. Set the perimeter of the combustion area to 12m, and the time t required for the bottom layer of smoke to be 1.75m from the ground as the time it takes for the smoke to fill the factory during training. Under the premise that the perimeter of the fire area is 12m, the time t required for the smoke to drop to 1.75m from the ground is used as the time it takes for the smoke to fill the factory during simulation training. The total area of ​​the training factory is 5400m 3 , of which the production workshop has a construction area of ​​2400m 2 The raw material warehouse and finished product warehouse have a construction area of ​​1500m each. 2 Calculate the time t required to fill each area and the number of units n required to be installed.

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] According to the above calculations, the smoke cannot fill the factory building at the same time. In order to achieve the requirement that the smoke can fill the factory building at the same time, the shorter time is taken as the time to fill the factory building.

[0088] t'=t 仓库 =351.14s

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] Calculations indicate that the production workshop requires at least seven smoke generators, while the finished product warehouse and raw material warehouse each require at least five. Based on the principle of "combining use with backup," two backup smoke generators were installed in the production workshop, and one each in the finished product warehouse and raw material warehouse. Therefore, the production workshop ultimately required nine smoke generators, while the finished product warehouse and raw material warehouse each required six. Furthermore, wall-mounted air supply devices were used to alter wind direction, simulating the spread and flow of smoke.

[0092] Install smoke generators on factory windows and doors. Use smoke generators and air supply devices to create smoke spreading effects in different directions, creating scenes where smoke gushes from windows, doors, and roofs, depending on training needs.

[0093] Smoke device settings as follows Figure 2 As shown, it includes a smoke outflow simulation smoke generating device 1' and an indoor smoke spread simulation smoke generating device 2'.

[0094] 3. Auxiliary simulation module: including falling object simulation submodule, deformation simulation submodule, obstacle simulation submodule, dangerous object simulation submodule, trap simulation submodule, leakage simulation submodule and posture detection device.

[0095] (1) The falling object simulation submodule includes a falling object simulation device, which is composed of a hanging plate 4A, a capacitive sensor 5A, a lightweight falling object 7A and a falling object bayonet switch 6A. The hanging plate 4A is hoisted on the top of the factory building 1A through a pull rod 2A. The structure of the falling object simulation device is as follows: Figure 3 When a firefighter sprays capacitive sensor 5A with water, it generates a signal and transmits it to the control center via signal cable 3A. The control system receives the signal, determines whether the training content is qualified, and activates falling object bayonet switch 6A according to the training plan set by the guidance team, releasing lightweight falling object 7A from factory building roof 1A, thereby achieving the falling simulation effect.

[0096] (2) The deformation simulation submodule includes a deformation simulation device. The deformation simulation device simulates the signs of partial or complete collapse of the factory building through the interaction of the lighting effects on the sensing column and the sensing beam with the sound system in the factory building. The device consists of an explosion-proof warning light 5B and a sensor 4B. The sensor 4B has multiple signal cables 6. The explosion-proof warning light 5B and the sensor 4B are arranged on a crossbeam. The crossbeam spans between two vertical pull rods 2B. The other end of the pull rod 2B is suspended on the roof 1B of the factory building and has a load-bearing beam 3B inside. According to the training plan set by the guidance group, the control system turns on the deformation warning light at a certain time and uses the sound facilities in the factory building to emit a unique sound effect. At this time, the trainees should immediately use a water gun to spray water to cool the "deformed" load-bearing components. When the time the sensor senses the water flow reaches the set time, a signal is generated and transmitted to the control system. The control system turns off the warning light and the sound, and the treatment is successful. If the sensor 4B does not sense water flow within the specified time, the control system will tell the trainees through the sound that the treatment has failed and they need to evacuate immediately. Figure 4 shown.

[0097] (3) The obstacle simulation submodule includes an obstacle simulation device. The obstacle simulation device is to install automatic railings on fixed shelves. By controlling the railings, the fire passage conditions are simulated. At the same time, a number of lightweight non-combustible materials are placed on the fixed shelves. By controlling the tilt angle of the shelves, the materials fall, and the automatic railings are used to simulate the blocked passage conditions. In addition, the internal space of the factory can also be divided by sliding doors, and training passages can be randomly set according to training needs.

[0098] (4) The trap simulation submodule includes a trap simulation device, which is composed of a patterned steel plate 1C, a spring sleeve 5C, a compression spring 4C, a moving electromagnet 8C, a sensing device 2C, a positioning rod 6C, a fixed sleeve 7C and a signal cable 3C. The device structure is as follows: Figure 5When the trap simulator is not being used for firefighting training, the movable electromagnet 8C is blocked below the positioning rod 6C. When a firefighter steps on the checkered steel plate 1C, the positioning rod 6C does not descend, allowing the firefighter to pass through normally. During firefighting training, the fixed electromagnet disengages the movable electromagnet 8C from under the positioning rod 6C. When the firefighter steps on the checkered steel plate 1C, the positioning rod 6C descends. However, the compression spring 4C provides a buffering effect, preventing the trainee's center of gravity from destabilizing, thus ensuring safety. Furthermore, the positioning rod 6C limits the distance the checkered steel plate 1C can descend. When the checkered steel plate 1C descends 100mm, it contacts the sensor 2C, which generates a signal and sends it to the control system. The control system then records and evaluates any incorrect firefighter movement. When the firefighter leaves the virtual platform, the compression spring 4C causes the virtual platform to rise to its original height. After the training is complete, the movable electromagnet 8C is controlled to slide back below the positioning rod 6C, transforming the virtual platform into a solid platform, allowing the firefighter to pass through normally.

[0099] (5) The hazardous material simulation submodule is composed of an explosion-proof heat-insulating box 1D, an explosion-proof heat-insulating window 3D, a display screen 4D, a fire extinguishing agent sensing device 5D, and a wireless antenna 2D. The display screen 4D is disposed within the explosion-proof heat-insulating window 3D, and the fire extinguishing agent sensing device 5D is disposed on the same outer surface of the explosion-proof heat-insulating box 1D as the display screen 4D. There are multiple such devices.

[0100] The control system displays the type of dangerous objects on the display screen 4D of the device according to the plan set by the guidance group. When the firefighter sprays the corresponding fire extinguishing agent on the fire extinguishing agent sensing device 5D, the fire extinguishing agent sensing device 5D senses the type of fire extinguishing agent and transmits it to the control system through the wireless antenna 2D. The control system judges the received information. If the sprayed fire extinguishing agent meets the requirements, the control display screen 4D will display "treatment successful"; if the sprayed fire extinguishing agent does not meet the requirements, the control display screen will display "treatment failed". The dangerous object simulation submodule is as follows Figure 6 shown.

[0101] (6) The leakage simulation submodule includes a leakage simulation device, which is modified by adding a sensing device to the fireproof and explosion-proof distribution box. When the trainee successfully closes the switch of the transformer box, the transformer box sensing device will automatically send information to the system.

[0102] (7) Posture detection device

[0103] Light-blocking detectors are installed at the five main entrances to assess posture upon entry. Team members are required to adopt a low posture upon entering the site. If they fail to bend over, the light transmission from the device is blocked, and the sensor switch automatically sends a signal, indicating that the system has failed the training posture.

[0104] (8) Device setting method

[0105] Install a leakage simulation submodule in the production workshop of the training plant; set up falling object simulation submodules at the entrances of the five gates to train firefighters to eliminate the danger of falling objects on their heads in a timely manner after entering the fire scene; set up a total of 15 virtual-real step devices inside the training plant as posture detection devices to train firefighters to adopt a virtual-front-real-back posture when conducting internal investigations. Set up 2 induction columns and 2 induction beams in the production workshop of the training plant as deformation simulation submodules and trap simulation submodules; set up 1 induction column in each of the finished product warehouse and the raw material warehouse; at the same time, place several dangerous object simulation submodules and obstacle simulation submodules in the warehouse of the training plant to simulate various dangerous objects and obstacles stored. The auxiliary device settings of the training plant are as follows: Figure 7 1E represents a trap simulator, 2E represents a distribution box simulator, 3E represents a hazardous material simulator, 4E represents a fall simulator, 5E represents a collapse simulator-temperature sensing column, 6E represents a collapse simulator-temperature sensing beam, and 7E represents an obstacle simulator.

[0106] 4. Special effects simulation module:

[0107] (1) Sound simulation submodule: This includes a sound simulation device. Surround explosion-proof speakers are installed in the training workshop according to actual needs to simulate fire conditions and people calling for help.

[0108] (2) Lighting simulation submodule: including lighting simulation devices. Surrounding color explosion-proof lights and bright color explosion-proof lights are installed in the training workshop according to actual needs to simulate fire burning and people calling for help.

[0109] (3) Temperature simulation submodule: including a sound simulation device. Infrared heating devices are installed in the training workshop according to actual needs to simulate fire conditions, fire burning, people calling for help, etc.

[0110] (4) Dismantling simulation submodule: It includes a dismantling simulation device, with 6 dismantling skylights set on the roof of the training workshop, which can be used for dismantling and smoke exhaust according to the needs of fire drills; for the safety of trainees, anti-fall nets are set under the dismantling skylights; a dismantling door is set in the production workshop of the training workshop, which has the same function as the dismantling skylights;

[0111] (5) Rescue target.

[0112] Rescue objects are mannequins designed and manufactured to actual height and weight. The female mannequin is 163cm tall and weighs 50kg; the male mannequin is 175cm tall and weighs 80kg. The rescue objects are covered with fire-resistant canvas to prevent burns during real-fire simulation training. Inside the rescue objects, a skeleton and padding are placed, allowing for various poses, such as standing, squatting, supine, and prone. A speaker with an automatic distress call function is also included, which can be controlled remotely.

[0113] 5. Control system

[0114] The control system's primary functions include real-time control, monitoring, communication processing, alarm handling, data statistical analysis, and comprehensive management of the training facility. The control system for the large-span industrial plant's real-fire simulation facility includes a graphic display subsystem, a scene control subsystem, a safety monitoring subsystem, and a training management and evaluation subsystem. The control console, housed in the training base's integrated control room, serves as the hub for the entire simulation training facility. Control buttons for each simulation training facility are integrated into the console.

[0115] (1) Working principle

[0116] The control system is the core of the simulation training facility, consisting of the on-site simulation training equipment, a PLC system, a host computer, displays, and other supporting systems. The on-site simulation training facilities primarily include combustion devices, smoke generators, auxiliary devices, and special effects devices. These devices can be remotely controlled by a control computer, activating the on-site simulation training equipment to create fire scenes with fire, smoke, heat, and sound. The PLC system automatically controls the operating status of each device within the large-span training building based on feedback from monitoring and testing equipment and the logical relationships between the operating devices of each system module. It then centrally uploads the collected data to the host computer. The host computer is responsible for real-time control, recording, and analysis of training data. After training, the server stores all assessment data for subsequent review. The host computer, along with the video surveillance system and broadcasting system, forms the control center.

[0117] The system adopts a three-layer structure. The first layer is the on-site front-end equipment layer, which controls the relevant facilities and devices of each simulation module. The second layer is the logic linkage control layer. The control system automatically controls the equipment operation status of each module according to the feedback signal from the large-span training plant. The third layer is the central control layer, which consists of the host computer, data server, network equipment and monitoring software. The control system framework structure is as follows Figure 8 shown.

[0118] (2) Image display subsystem

[0119] Through the configuration software, the status of the fire simulation training device can be displayed on the console display or the large-screen splicing wall. The startup status of the training equipment such as ignition and smoke generation during training and various parameter data during the training process, such as temperature and time, can be vividly displayed with dynamic images and different colors.

[0120] (3) Scene control subsystem

[0121] Based on the selected training plan, the scenario control system controls on-site simulation training facilities to effectively simulate different fire scenarios, allowing trainees to experience a realistic fire environment. Under these conditions, various firefighting and rescue training exercises are conducted, effectively strengthening trainees' psychological preparation and improving their professional skills. The system can control combustion simulators, smoke simulators, leakage simulators, fall simulators, trap simulators, passage simulators, collapse simulators, hazardous material simulators, sound and light devices, heating devices, demolition simulators, and on-site props. These can be controlled not only from the training base control room, but also via wireless handheld terminals and terminals in the on-site control room. Different levels of authority are granted to different administrators and operators. Authorized personnel at different levels are limited to operations and data queries within their authorized range, enhancing system security.

[0122] (4) Security monitoring subsystem

[0123] The safety monitoring system is used to ensure the safety of training. Through signal acquisition, the operation of each device is monitored in real time. If the data monitored by the system shows that there is a dangerous situation on the scene, the system will issue a real-time alarm and automatically run the corresponding protection program to ensure the safety of the training process. For example, the ambient temperature sensor installed in the factory building, when two sensors in a certain area alarm at the same time, the fire point in this area will be automatically closed and the ventilation and smoke exhaust device will be started. A field operating system is set up in the field control room next to the training plant to directly control the equipment, so that the commander can more intuitively understand the situation of the control training site. The closed-circuit monitoring system can be used to watch the on-site drills, and the residual fire or unextinguished fire points can also be observed. The control principle of the safety monitoring system is as follows Figure 9 shown.

[0124] (5) Training management and evaluation subsystem

[0125] The training management and evaluation system plays a vital role in conducting real-fire simulation training, evaluating training effectiveness, and mining data and information. The system's primary functions are to receive and transmit data related to simulation equipment, analyze on-site environmental conditions, provide more effective training plans, and scientifically evaluate training results.

[0126] The system incorporates a real-fire simulation training program for large-span industrial plants. These programs are designed by training experts based on specific training subjects and objectives, ensuring scientific and effective training content and processes. During training, the system automatically executes the training plan. Assessment and evaluation are based on analysis and judgment of received sensor data, primarily through automatic scoring, supplemented by video recordings and screenshots for commanders to assess. Different assessment and scoring methods are used for different training content. The assessment methods are shown in Table 2.

[0127] Table 2 Assessment methods for large-span industrial plants

[0128]

[0129]

[0130] 6. Supporting system design plan

[0131] (1) Electrical system

[0132] The design of the electrical system should comply with various national regulations. A floor-standing power box is installed in the on-site control room of the large-span training plant, and all electricity in the plant is fed by this distribution box. The on-site power distribution device should adopt leakage protection type. When the equipment is damaged and leaks electricity, the power supply can be disconnected in time to ensure personal safety. The on-site electrical equipment all adopts waterproof and dustproof sealed stainless steel shells, which can withstand the test of repeated high temperature and high humidity environments, and protective plates are added in places that may be exposed to fire or high-pressure water guns. The distribution cables in the plant should use heavy-duty copper core copper sheathed mineral insulated cables that are fire-resistant, high-temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, mechanically damaged and have a long service life to ensure the reliable operation of electrical equipment and control systems.

[0133] (2) Sewage treatment system

[0134] Since the wastewater generated during real-fire simulation training in large-span industrial plants may contain unburned diesel, in order to prevent pollution and protect the environment, the wastewater generated by the training should be collected through underground pipes and transported to the sewage treatment station at the training base. The qualified wastewater should be discharged into the nearby existing sewage network.

[0135] (3) Ventilation system

[0136] The ventilation system of the large-span training workshop was designed to better assist in combustion and smoke simulation. Axial-flow fire smoke exhaust fans and sidewall fans were installed in the large-span industrial workshop for mechanical ventilation and smoke exhaust. The specific ventilation volumes and ventilation times are shown in Table 3.

[0137] Table 3 Ventilation data reference table

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] Example 2

[0141] A method for real-fire simulation training in large-span industrial plants includes phased real-fire simulation training. Phased training involves conducting item-by-item training on combat action elements according to the requirements of the training topic, with the goal of enabling trainees to master the key and difficult aspects of the training. Through phased real-fire simulation training in large-span industrial plants, trainees master the technical and tactical measures and key maneuvers for plant fire fighting, laying a solid foundation for comprehensive training. The real-fire simulation training method includes reconnaissance training, search and rescue training, cooling training, fire extinguishing training, smoke exhaust training, material evacuation training, and emergency escape training.

[0142] (1) Reconnaissance training

[0143] Fire reconnaissance is the primary task in firefighting training for large-span industrial buildings. Due to the large spans of these buildings, reconnaissance training should be more targeted. To save time, gain timely insight into the internal situation, and ensure the safety of the investigation team, a reconnaissance approach is adopted, conducted from opposite sides. During reconnaissance training, the team's personnel should be rationally deployed based on the actual conditions of the large-span industrial building.

[0144] First, a number of materials and dummies were placed in the raw material warehouse and finished product warehouse of the large-span training plant, and a smoke generating device was used to simulate the smoke environment of a fire. Several combustion devices in the production workshop were started to simulate the scene of a fire in a large-span industrial plant.

[0145] Then, the investigation team, wearing safety protection equipment, carrying distress callers, thermal imagers, and thermometers, used guide ropes to conduct in-depth investigations. The training building is less than 100 meters long, and four investigation teams were arranged, each consisting of three people. Before conducting the investigation, the temperature of the steel structure components outside the factory building was first measured using a thermometer to ensure that there was no danger of collapse. When conducting internal investigations, the burning status of the fire in the large-span training building should be ascertained, as should the number and location of trapped personnel, as well as whether they were buried, the threat posed by the fire to the surrounding load-bearing steel components, and whether appropriate fire protection measures were taken for the building steel components. At the same time, a preliminary judgment should be made on the attack route. After the investigation is completed, the training building should be evacuated quickly, and the investigation results should be reported.

[0146] Finally, the judging panel will make a comprehensive score based on the report of the reconnaissance team and the feedback from the large-span real fire simulation training facility evaluation system to determine whether the reconnaissance training is qualified.

[0147] (2) Search and rescue training

[0148] After the firefighters arrived at the scene, they prioritized rescuing the trapped personnel and organized their efforts to rescue them. The training helped trainees master the code of conduct for search and rescue operations within large-span industrial plants and improve their coordination and collaboration.

[0149] First, two dummies were set up in a large-span training building, one seriously injured and the other slightly injured, to simulate the initial fire scene using real fire simulation training facilities.

[0150] Then, two search and rescue teams were arranged, each consisting of two members, with a cadre serving as the team leader. The search and rescue teams wore personal protective equipment, air respirators, and carried call-out devices, guide ropes, walkie-talkies, lights, and escape masks. Under the protection of the cover team, the first search and rescue team used stretchers to rescue trapped and slightly injured people, while the second search and rescue team used body-fixing airbags to rescue trapped and seriously injured people. After the training began, the search and rescue teams must maintain contact with the outside world at all times so that the commander can understand the internal situation. The search and rescue teams should set reasonable search and rescue routes based on the investigation to avoid repeated searches or inadequate searches. During search and rescue training, participants must dress as required, take personal safety precautions, and the fluorescent signs must be affixed correctly. Training members must not act alone. The training ends when the trapped dummies in the training workshop are rescued.

[0151] Finally, the judging panel determines whether the search and rescue training is qualified based on the video display in the control room and the evaluation results of the judging system.

[0152] (3) Cool-down training

[0153] Cooling steel components is a crucial element of firefighting training for large-span industrial plants. During the real-life fire simulations, trainees are able to promptly identify objects requiring cooling and, based on the fire's development and the balance of forces available, dialectically balance cooling and firefighting. When load-bearing components are directly exposed to the fire or are surrounded by a fiercely burning fire, immediate cooling efforts are required. Meanwhile, remaining forces are organized to suppress the fire and report the situation to the fire command center. Cooling training also includes the use of mobile water cannons, vehicle-mounted cannons, and aerial fire trucks to cool the steel roof trusses on the plant's exterior.

[0154] A fire scenario was simulated using a real-fire training facility in a large-span industrial plant, and participants were organized to undergo cooling training. Following the training plan, the guidance team activated the steel component deformation simulator, causing the deformation warning lights to flash suddenly and the plant's sound system to simulate the sound effects of a fire. The cooling team quickly used fire hoses or water monitors to cool the temperature-sensing beams and columns surrounding the fire. The training was completed when the warning lights extinguished and the sound effects ceased. After the training, a judging panel evaluated the cooling training's success based on the video display in the control room and feedback from the evaluation system.

[0155] (4) Firefighting training

[0156] Firefighting training is a core subject in real-life fire training for large-span industrial plants, directly impacting trainees' future effectiveness in large-span industrial plant firefighting. First, through real-life fire simulation training in large-span industrial plants, trainees are trained to correctly select attack routes. Specifically, the starting point of the attack route should be located upwind or laterally upwind of the training plant. If necessary, windows or demolished walls can be used as the starting point for the attack route. Second, through training, trainees master the basic tactics for firefighting in large-span industrial plants. If one end of a factory building is on fire, water cannon positions should be set up on both sides of the fire to extinguish the fire; if the fire is in the middle of the factory building, the fire should be blocked at both ends to prevent it from spreading. When the time is right and the firefighting force is sufficient, a general attack should be launched to extinguish the fire in one fell swoop; if the entire factory building is on fire, mobile water cannons, vehicle-mounted cannons, and high-rise fire trucks should be used to suppress it from a distance on the periphery. Adhere to the principle of external attack first. After the peripheral fire is effectively controlled, adjust the combat position and adopt the tactics of separation, encirclement, and joint attack. In addition, various operational methods involved in fire fighting in large-span industrial factories should be trained to improve the operational and professional capabilities of the trainees.

[0157] First, a large-span industrial plant fire simulation facility was used to simulate a full-scale fire with billowing smoke. Simultaneously, auxiliary simulation devices were activated. Trainees used a high-pressure water truck to spray water to suppress the fire, and also used a vehicle-mounted cannon to spray water from both sides of the plant to cool and extinguish the fire.

[0158] Then, the large-span real fire simulation training facilities were adjusted to simulate the fire outside the factory being extinguished and the fire inside. After the trainees put on their personal protective equipment, they used the fire hydrants inside the factory and the water guns of the fire trucks outside the factory and mobile fire water monitors to suppress the fire inside the factory. Figure 10 As shown. When conducting internal attack and fire fighting, a staggered attack method should be adopted, mutual cover should be provided, and forward movement should be made. The guidance and coordination group will timely start the steel structure deformation simulation device according to the progress of the training. All deformation warning lights in the training plant will flash, accompanied by a noisy sound. The alarm signal generated by the hand-crank alarm outside the plant indicates that the plant is in danger of collapse, and the trainees should evacuate the plant quickly. The schematic diagram of the hand-crank alarm signal is as follows: Figure 11 shown.

[0159] Finally, the judging panel determines whether the firefighting training is qualified based on the video display in the control room and the evaluation results of the judging system.

[0160] (5) Smoke exhaust training

[0161] Fires in large-span industrial plants generate large amounts of high-temperature, toxic smoke, which not only reduces visibility for search and rescue teams but also poses a serious threat to the building's safety. The purpose of smoke exhaust is to expel the high-temperature smoke as quickly as possible, controlling the fire, increasing visibility, and lowering the internal temperature, thereby facilitating firefighting and evacuation.

[0162] First, a large-span industrial plant real fire simulation training facility was used to simulate a factory fire, with the factory filled with a large amount of thick smoke.

[0163] Then, upon arrival at the training plant, the smoke extraction team will utilize the internal smoke exhaust fans for mechanical exhaust while simultaneously opening doors and windows downwind or side-downwind to accelerate exhaust. Once the water cannon positions are in place, doors and windows upwind or side-upwind are opened for ventilation and smoke extraction. Various smoke extraction equipment, such as smoke exhaust fans and trucks, can be utilized for smoke extraction. If necessary, demolition work can be performed on the downwind exterior wall of the plant, or the demolition team can be transported to the roof of the plant using a high-rise fire truck to perform demolition and smoke extraction. The training concludes when all smoke from the training plant is exhausted.

[0164] Finally, the judging panel determines whether the smoke exhaust training is qualified based on the video display in the control room and the evaluation results of the judging system.

[0165] (6) Material evacuation training

[0166] Large-span industrial buildings contain a large amount of flammable materials. If a fire breaks out, lack of immediate evacuation will inevitably cause the fire to spread rapidly, increasing the difficulty of firefighting and rescue efforts. Material evacuation training aims to improve participants' material handling skills during large-span industrial building firefighting, strengthen their awareness of the integration of evacuation and firefighting, accelerate the firefighting process, and reduce disaster losses.

[0167] First, a certain amount of non-combustible materials are piled up in a large-span industrial plant, and a few dangerous goods simulation boxes are placed. Real fire simulation training facilities are used to simulate a plant fire, causing the fire to spread to the warehouse.

[0168] Then, the material evacuation team and the internal firefighting team work together to evacuate the materials inside the factory building. If the fire has not yet spread to the nearby materials, a blocking position should be quickly set up to prevent the fire from spreading. If the fire is confined to the nearby stacked materials and is within a controllable range, it should be quickly extinguished. If the fire develops violently, the materials in the factory building should be evacuated as much as possible. If the materials cannot be evacuated in time, temporary fire walls should be set up to isolate them, and protective measures should be taken for the materials around the fire.

[0169] Finally, the judging panel determines whether the material evacuation training is qualified based on the video display in the control room and the evaluation results of the judging system.

[0170] (7) Emergency escape training

[0171] When fighting fires in large-span industrial plants, firefighters may encounter falling objects blocking their initial attack routes, preventing them from evacuating the fire scene by their original route. By providing trainees with emergency escape training, we can improve their ability to handle emergencies, thereby effectively preventing casualties.

[0172] First, by combining fixed shelves in a large-span finished product warehouse with temporarily placed sliding doors, an obstacle simulation device was used to create a scene with a narrow attack path. At the same time, a real fire simulation training facility was used to simulate a fire scene that was more similar to a real fire scene.

[0173] Trainees were then organized to practice in this scenario. According to the plan's requirements, they used obstacle course simulators to alter the original path, controlling the pulling down of pre-stacked, lightweight, non-combustible materials on the shelves to bury the hoses, blocking the attack route and allowing the trainees to evacuate. At the same time, additional search and rescue forces were dispatched from the entrance to search for trapped trainees inside.

[0174] Finally, the judging panel determines whether the emergency escape training is qualified based on the video display in the control room and the evaluation results of the judging system.

[0175] The present invention also provides a memory storing a plurality of instructions, wherein the instructions are used to implement the method described in the first embodiment.

[0176] like Figure 12 As shown, the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a processor 301 and a memory 302 connected to the processor 301, wherein the memory 302 stores multiple instructions, which can be loaded and executed by the processor to enable the processor to execute the method described in Example 1.

[0177] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they are aware of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the invention. Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A large-span industrial plant real fire simulation training system, characterized by: include: Large-span industrial plants, various types of simulation training facilities, control systems, and supporting systems within the large-span industrial plants; The various types of simulation training facilities include: a combustion simulation module, a smoke simulation module, an auxiliary simulation module, and a special effect simulation module; wherein the auxiliary simulation module includes a falling object simulation submodule, a deformation simulation submodule, an obstacle simulation submodule, a dangerous object simulation submodule, a trap simulation submodule, a leakage simulation submodule, and a posture detection device; The combustion simulation module includes: setting up several combustion devices inside the training workshop, which are set up independently according to the principle of different fire locations and different protection objects, or manually controlling the fire points to implement series connection to simulate the spread of fire in different areas; setting up several combustion devices around the windows of the training workshop to achieve combustion simulation with flames rolling up from different windows; The smoke simulation module: a number of smoke simulation devices are set on the windows inside and outside the factory to make the designated area full of smoke; The falling object simulation submodule includes a falling object simulation device, which is composed of a hanging plate (4A), a capacitance sensor (5A), a light falling object (7A) and a falling object bayonet switch (6A). The hanging plate (4A) is hung on the top of the factory building (1A) through a pull rod (2A); when a firefighter sprays the capacitance sensor (5A) with a water gun, the capacitance sensor (5A) generates a signal and transmits it to the control center through a signal cable (3A). The control system receives the signal, determines whether the training content is qualified, and turns on the falling object bayonet switch (6A) according to the training plan set by the guidance group, releasing the light falling object (7A) from the top of the factory building (1A), thereby achieving the effect of falling simulation; The deformation simulation submodule includes a deformation simulation device, which simulates the signs of partial or complete collapse of the factory building through the interaction of lighting effects on the induction columns and induction beams with the sound system in the factory building; The trap simulation submodule comprises a trap simulation device, which is composed of a patterned steel plate (1C), a spring sleeve (5C), a compression spring (4C), a movable electromagnet (8C), a sensing device (2C), a positioning rod (6C), a fixed sleeve (7C) and a signal cable (3C). When the trap simulation device is not used for firefighting training, the movable electromagnet (8C) is blocked below the positioning rod (6C). At this time, when a firefighter steps on the patterned steel plate (1C), the positioning rod (6C) will not move downward, and the firefighter can pass normally. During firefighting training, the movable electromagnet (8C) is separated from the positioning rod (6C) by the fixed electromagnet. At the bottom, the firefighter steps on the patterned steel plate (1C), and the positioning rod (6C) moves downward; the positioning rod (6C) limits the distance that the patterned steel plate (1C) can descend. When the patterned steel plate (1C) descends 100 mm, it touches the sensing device (2C), and the sensing device (2C) generates a signal and sends it to the control system. The control system records and judges the firefighter's erroneous action; when the firefighter leaves the virtual platform, the virtual platform rises to its original height due to the action of the compression spring (4C); after the end, the moving electromagnet (8C) is controlled again to slide to the bottom of the positioning rod (6C), thereby turning the virtual platform into a real platform, and the firefighter can pass normally.

2. A large-span industrial plant real fire simulation training system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Fire protection measures are taken for the steel beams, steel columns, roof and part of the exterior walls in the large-span industrial plant, and the heat generated during the training process is cut off or prevented from being transmitted to the steel components.

3. A large-span industrial plant real fire simulation training system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion device is composed of a diesel atomizing nozzle, a high-energy ignition device, a flame sensing device and a fan. The diesel atomizing nozzle is used to generate a high-speed jet of diesel under pressure, and the diesel is atomized through the nozzle; the high-energy ignition device adopts an electronic high-frequency high-voltage igniter; The flame sensor uses visible light spectrum detection to determine whether ignition is successful. The fan automatically adjusts its flow rate and pressure according to the size of the flame. Automatic shut-off valves and a safety interlocking control system are also installed on the oil and air pipes. The high-energy ignition device of the combustion device is fully automatic and can be ignited at any time as needed and can be used repeatedly. The height, range, and growth rate of the combustion flame can be set and automatically adjusted. The combustion device also has dynamic fire feedback technology, which can automatically reduce, extinguish, or reignite the fire. The smoke simulation module can simulate the spread of smoke by opening the detachable skylight and the automatic skylight on the roof; the smoke simulation device is composed of a smoke generating device, a fan and a control device, and a food-grade smoke generating agent is used to emit non-toxic and residue-free smoke, and the concentration of the smoke is controlled by the duration of the smoke generation; the setting device of the smoke simulation device includes a smoke outflow simulation smoke generating device (1') and an indoor smoke spread simulation smoke generating device (2'); The deformation simulation device is composed of an explosion-proof warning light (5B) and a sensor (4B). The sensor (4B) has a plurality of signal cables (6). The explosion-proof warning light (5B) and the sensor (4B) are arranged on a crossbeam. The crossbeam is connected between two vertical pull rods (2B). The other end of the pull rod (2B) is suspended on the roof (1B) of the factory building and has a load-bearing beam (3B) inside. The control system turns on the deformation warning light at a certain moment according to the training plan set by the guidance group, and uses the sound facilities in the factory building to emit a special sound effect. At this time, the trainees should immediately use a water gun to spray water to cool the "deformed" load-bearing components; when the time when the sensor senses the water flow reaches the set time, a signal is generated and transmitted to the control system. The control system turns off the warning light and the sound, and the treatment is successful; if the sensor (4B) does not sense the water flow within the specified time, the control system tells the trainees through the sound that the treatment has failed and they need to evacuate immediately; The obstacle simulation submodule includes an obstacle simulation device. The obstacle simulation device is to install automatic railings on fixed shelves. By controlling the railings, the fire passage conditions are simulated. At the same time, a number of lightweight non-combustible materials are placed on the fixed shelves. By controlling the tilt angle of the shelves, the materials fall, and the automatic railings are used to simulate the blocked passage conditions. Alternatively, the internal space of the factory is divided by sliding doors, and training passages are randomly set according to training needs. The hazardous material simulation submodule is composed of an explosion-proof heat-insulating box (1D), an explosion-proof heat-insulating window (3D), a display screen (4D), a fire extinguishing agent sensing device (5D) and a wireless antenna (2D); the display screen (4D) is arranged in the explosion-proof heat-insulating window (3D), and the fire extinguishing agent sensing device (5D) is arranged on the same outer surface of the explosion-proof heat-insulating box (1D) and the display screen (4D), and there are multiple of them; the control system displays the type of hazardous material on the display screen (4D) of the device according to the plan set by the guidance group; when the firefighter sprays the corresponding fire extinguishing agent on the fire extinguishing agent sensing device (5D), the fire extinguishing agent sensing device (5D) senses the type of fire extinguishing agent and transmits it to the control system via the wireless antenna (2D), and the control system judges the received information; if the sprayed fire extinguishing agent meets the requirements, the control display screen (4D) is controlled to display "treatment successful"; if the sprayed fire extinguishing agent does not meet the requirements, the control display screen is controlled to display "treatment failed"; The leakage simulation submodule includes a leakage simulation device, which is modified by adding a sensing device to the fireproof and explosion-proof distribution box; When the trainee successfully closes the transformer box switch, the transformer box sensing device will automatically send information to the system; The posture detection device includes: light-blocking detectors at the entrances of the five gates to assess the posture of the person entering the gate; When team members enter the scene, they should move forward in a low posture. If they do not bend over, the light transmission on the device will be blocked, the sensor switch will automatically send a signal, and the system will determine that the training posture is unqualified.

4. A large-span industrial plant real fire simulation training system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The special effects simulation module includes: (1) Sound simulation submodule: including a sound simulation device, which is installed in the training workshop with a surround explosion-proof sound system to simulate the fire and the scene of people calling for help; (2) Lighting simulation submodule: including lighting simulation devices, which are installed in the training workshop with surrounding color explosion-proof lights and bright color explosion-proof lights to simulate the burning of fire and the scene of people calling for help; (3) Temperature simulation submodule: including a sound simulation device, an infrared heating device is installed in the training workshop to simulate the fire burning and the scene of people calling for help; (4) Dismantling simulation submodule: including a dismantling simulation device, including a dismantling skylight, an anti-falling net set under the dismantling skylight, and a dismantling door; (5) Rescue object: dummies of different weights are designed and manufactured according to the height and weight of real people; the outer layer of the rescue object is treated with fireproof canvas; a skeleton and filler are set inside the rescue object, and the skeleton has various postures; a broadcaster with an automatic call for help function is set inside the rescue object, and the call for help function can be remotely controlled.

5. A large-span industrial plant real fire simulation training system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system is used for real-time control, monitoring, communication processing, alarm processing, data statistical analysis and comprehensive management of the training plant. The control system of the large-span industrial plant real fire simulation facility includes a graphic display subsystem, a scene control subsystem, a safety monitoring subsystem and a training management and evaluation subsystem.

6. A large-span industrial plant real fire simulation training system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting system includes: (1) Electrical system: A floor-standing power box is installed in the on-site control room of the large-span training plant. All electricity in the plant is fed by this distribution box. The on-site power distribution device should adopt leakage protection type. When the equipment is damaged and leaks electricity, the power supply can be disconnected in time to ensure personal safety. The on-site electrical equipment shall adopt waterproof and dustproof sealed stainless steel shell, which can withstand the test of repeated high temperature and high humidity environment, and protective plates shall be added in places that may be burned by fire or impacted by high-pressure water guns. The distribution cables in the plant shall adopt heavy copper core copper sheathed mineral insulated cables with fire resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, mechanical damage resistance and long service life. (2) Sewage treatment system: Wastewater generated during training should be collected through underground pipes and transported to the sewage treatment station at the training base. Qualified wastewater should be discharged to the nearby existing sewage pipe network; (3) Ventilation system: Axial flow fire smoke exhaust fans and side wall fans are installed in large-span industrial plants for mechanical ventilation and smoke exhaust.

7. A real fire simulation training method for a large-span industrial plant, implemented using the system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It includes phased training using real fire simulation training, including reconnaissance training, search and rescue training, cooling training, fire fighting training, smoke exhaust training, material evacuation training and emergency escape training.

8. The training method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reconnaissance training includes: first, placing a number of materials and dummies in the raw material warehouse and finished product warehouse of the large-span training plant, and using a smoke generator to simulate the smoke environment of a fire scene, and starting a number of combustion devices in the production workshop to simulate the scene of a large-span industrial plant on fire; then, the reconnaissance team wears safety protection equipment, carries a distress call device, a thermal imager and a thermometer, and uses a guide rope to conduct in-depth reconnaissance; before conducting the reconnaissance, use a thermometer to measure the temperature of the steel structure components outside the plant to ensure that there is no danger of the plant collapsing; when conducting internal reconnaissance, find out the burning status of the fire in the large-span training plant, the number and location of trapped people and whether they are buried, the threat of the fire to the surrounding load-bearing steel components, whether the building steel components have taken corresponding fire protection measures, and at the same time make a preliminary judgment on the attack route; after the reconnaissance is completed, quickly evacuate the training plant and report the reconnaissance results; finally, the evaluation team will make a comprehensive score based on the report of the investigation team and the feedback from the large-span real fire simulation training facility evaluation system to determine whether the reconnaissance training is qualified; The search and rescue training includes: first, setting up two dummies in a large-span training building, one seriously injured and the other slightly injured, to simulate an initial fire scenario using real fire simulation training facilities; then, the search and rescue teams, wearing personal protective equipment, air respirators, carrying call-out devices, guide ropes, hand-held radios, lights, and escape masks, and under the protection of the cover team, the first search and rescue team uses stretchers to rescue trapped minor-injured personnel, while the second search and rescue team uses body-fixing airbags to rescue trapped serious-injured personnel; finally, the evaluation team determines whether the search and rescue training is qualified based on the video display in the control room and the evaluation results of the evaluation system; The cooling training includes: activating the steel component deformation simulation device, causing the deformation simulation warning light to flash suddenly, and the sound system in the factory building to simulate the sound effect environment of a fire scene; the cooling team quickly uses fire hoses or fire water monitors to spray water to cool the temperature-sensitive beams and columns around the fire; the training is completed when the warning light goes out and the sound effect stops; after the training, the evaluation team evaluates whether the cooling training is qualified based on the video display in the control room and the feedback from the evaluation system; The firefighting training includes: first, using a large-span industrial plant real fire simulation training facility to simulate a full-scale fire in the plant with smoke billowing out, while simultaneously activating auxiliary simulation devices; trainees use a high-pressure water jet truck to spray water on the plant to suppress the fire; and use a vehicle-mounted cannon to spray water on both sides of the plant to cool and extinguish the fire; then, the large-span real fire simulation training facility is adjusted to simulate a scenario where the external fire of the plant is extinguished and the internal fire is on; finally, the judging panel determines whether the firefighting training is qualified based on the video display in the control room and the evaluation results of the evaluation system; The smoke exhaust training includes: first, using a large-span industrial plant real fire simulation training facility to simulate a plant fire, with the plant filled with a large amount of thick smoke; then, after the smoke exhaust team arrives at the training plant site, while using the smoke exhaust fan inside the plant to mechanically exhaust the smoke, they open the doors and windows in the downwind or side downwind direction to speed up the smoke exhaust; when the water gun position is in place, they open the doors and windows in the upwind or side upwind direction to ventilate and exhaust the smoke; various smoke exhaust equipment is used during the smoke exhaust; the exterior wall on the downwind side of the plant is demolished, or the demolition team is sent to the roof of the plant by a high-rise fire truck to demolish the roof and exhaust the smoke; the training ends when the smoke inside the training plant is exhausted; finally, the evaluation team determines whether the smoke exhaust training is qualified based on the video display in the control room and the evaluation results of the evaluation system; The material evacuation training includes the following steps: first, a certain amount of non-combustible materials are stacked in a large-span industrial plant, along with a few simulated hazardous material boxes. A real fire simulation training facility is used to simulate a plant fire, causing the fire to spread to the warehouse. Then, the material evacuation team and the internal firefighting team work together to evacuate materials from within the plant. Materials that cannot be evacuated in time are isolated by setting up temporary firewalls, while protective measures are taken for materials surrounding the fire. Finally, an evaluation panel determines whether the material evacuation training has passed the test based on the video display in the control room and the evaluation results of the evaluation system. The emergency escape training includes: first, using a combination of fixed shelves and temporarily placed sliding doors in a large-span industrial factory finished product warehouse, an obstacle simulation device is used to create a scene with a narrow attack channel; at the same time, real fire simulation training facilities are used to simulate a fire scene that is more similar to a real fire scene; then, the trainees are organized to train in this scene, and according to the requirements of the plan, the original channel is changed in a timely manner with the obstacle simulation device, and the non-combustible lightweight materials pre-stacked on the shelves are controlled to be pulled down to bury the water hoses, resulting in a situation where the attack route is blocked, allowing the trainees to grope and evacuate; at the same time, additional search and rescue forces are dispatched to search and rescue the trapped trainees inside from the entrance; finally, the judging panel determines whether the emergency escape training is qualified based on the video display in the control room and the judgment results of the judging system.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a plurality of instructions, and the processor is configured to read the instructions and execute the method according to any one of claims 7 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a plurality of instructions, and the plurality of instructions can be read by a processor to execute the method according to any one of claims 7 to 8.

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