An internal expansion and cracking pre-threshing test bench for corn cobs

Abstract

The present invention relates to a tool in the field of agricultural machinery for corn threshing. More precisely, the present invention relates to a corn core shaft internal bursting test bench, which is used to assist in achieving low-damage threshing of corn kernels. Without contacting the corn kernels, the core shaft is internally burst to form fragmented ear cobs, loosen the kernels, and destroy their natural tightly arranged state, and then threshing is carried out. The test bench includes a bursting device, an ear cob fixing device, a linkage mechanism, and a frame assembly. The linear motor supplies energy to the bursting system, simplifies the transmission mechanism, and saves space. Five different-shaped bursting rods are designed to conduct different bursting tests. The quick-connect buckle can achieve the quick replacement of the bursting rods. The linkage mechanism can clamp the corn ear cobs and remove the fragmented ear cobs after bursting, replacing the control system and simplifying the whole machine. These designs help to improve the bursting efficiency and provide new ideas for low-damage or even damage-free threshing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a machine in the field of agricultural machinery for corn threshing. More precisely, the present invention relates to a test bench for internal bursting of corn cobs Background Art

[0002] Corn threshing is a key link in the mechanization of corn production, which can greatly improve the operation efficiency and liberate and develop productivity. However, due to the tight arrangement of grains on the corn ear (especially high-moisture corn), a large external force is required to break this tight arrangement state first during the threshing process before subsequent threshing work can be carried out. Existing corn threshers basically use relatively destructive methods such as extrusion, rubbing, and impact to break the tight arrangement state of corn grains and strip the corn grains. Especially during the process of breaking the tight arrangement state of corn grains, the external force required is much greater than the maximum external stress that corn grains can withstand, which leads to damage to corn grains during threshing. Corn grains with damaged epidermis or internal cracks are prone to mildew and insect pests, seriously affecting the storage of corn seeds, resulting in a reduction in market value, and seriously threatening food security

[0003] In summary, the main reason for the damage to corn grains during the existing mechanized threshing process is that a large external force needs to be applied when breaking their tight arrangement state, and the applied external force is much greater than the damage stress of corn grains. Therefore, to reduce the damage to corn grains during mechanized threshing, the tight arrangement of corn grains needs to be broken in a non-damaging way first. Internal bursting of the corn cob can break its tight arrangement state without damaging the corn grains. After bursting, the arrangement between the grains of the broken ear becomes loose, and then the grains can be peeled off without damage by vibration, completing the corn threshing Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problem existing in the prior art that during the mechanized corn threshing process, the corn grains are tightly arranged, a large external force is required to break their tight arrangement state, and this external force is much greater than the damage stress of corn grains, resulting in damage to corn grains. The present invention provides a device for internal bursting of the corn cob, which can break its natural tight arrangement state without contacting the corn grains, creating conditions for low-damage mechanized corn threshing

[0005] To solve the above technical problem, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions

[0006] The test bench for internal bursting of the corn cob includes a bursting device, an ear fixing device, a linkage mechanism, and a frame assembly

[0007] The bursting device includes a bursting rod, a buckle, an L-shaped connecting rod mounting hole, a bursting connecting rod, a sleeve, a sleeve fixing seat, and a linear motor

[0008] The expanded-link has a circular cross-section with a diameter of 50 mm and a length of 300 mm. The front end face fixes the expansion rod through a welded buckle, and the rear end face is welded to the push rod of the linear motor. It reciprocates back and forth in the sleeve with the push rod of the linear motor, driving the expansion rod to perform the core shaft expansion operation.

[0009] The installation hole of the L-shaped link is a threaded hole of M12, located 50 mm below the expanded-link and 50 mm away from the buckle installation end face, for fixing the L-shaped link.

[0010] The sleeve has an outer diameter of 70 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, and a length of 600 mm. The rear end is connected to the linear motor, and the push rod of the linear motor can stretch back and forth in the sleeve to drive the expanded-link and the expansion rod to move. The whole sleeve is fixed on the horizontal support plate by 2 sleeve fixing seats.

[0011] The inner diameter of the cylinder of the sleeve fixing seat is 70 mm, the outer diameter is 80 mm, and the length is 50 mm. It is fixed on the horizontal support plate by 2 M12 bolts. The 2 sleeve fixing seats are arranged axially based on the sleeve.

[0012] The linear motor is installed at the rear end of the sleeve. The push rod of the linear motor is fixed to the expanded-link, and the expanded-link can move longitudinally back and forth in the sleeve driven by the motor push rod.

[0013] There are 5 types of expansion rods, namely the expansion rod with a circular cross-section, the expansion rod with an equilateral triangle cross-section, the expansion rod with a square cross-section, the expansion rod with a regular pentagon cross-section, and the expansion rod with a regular hexagon cross-section.

[0014] The expansion rod with a circular cross-section has a cross-section diameter of 25 mm and a total length of 250 mm. Located at the front part of the expansion rod, 50 mm from the end, its cross-section diameter gradually decreases uniformly from the rear to the front along the center line of the expansion rod, showing a conical shape. On the rear end face of the expansion rod, a buckle that can be hooked and fixed to the expanded-link is welded. The end face of the buckle is square, with a side length of 25 mm, the same as the diameter of the rear end face of the expansion rod. The side is in the shape of a "worker" character, and the thickness of the front, rear, and middle rib plates is 3 mm, and the overall thickness is 15 mm.

[0015] The expansion rods with an equilateral triangle cross-section, a square cross-section, a regular pentagon cross-section, and a regular hexagon cross-section all have an inscribed circle diameter of 25 mm for the cross-section and a total length of 250 mm. 50 mm from the end, their cross-section diameters gradually decrease uniformly from the rear to the front along the center line of the expansion rod, showing the shapes of a regular triangular pyramid, a regular quadrangular pyramid, a regular pentagonal pyramid, and a regular hexagonal pyramid respectively. On the rear end faces of each expansion rod, a buckle that can be hooked and fixed to the expanded-link is welded, and the size and shape of the buckle are the same as those welded on the rear end face of the expansion rod with a circular cross-section.

[0016] The described snap fastener consists of two parts, which are respectively welded on the rear end face of the bursting rod and the front end face of the bursting connecting rod. The two can be hooked together to achieve the quick fixation of the bursting rod and the bursting connecting rod. Half of the snap fastener welded on the rear end face of the bursting rod has a square end face with a side length of 25 mm, and the side is in the shape of a "worker" character. The thickness of the front, rear and middle rib plates is 3 mm. Half of the snap fastener welded on the bursting connecting rod is an overall cuboid, with a rectangular cross-section of 35 mm in length, an overall thickness of 12 mm, an opening in the middle above the inner side (the side close to the bursting connecting rod), with an opening length of 25 mm, a width of 3 mm, and a depth of 30 mm. An opening is made at the horizontal center on the outer side (the side for hooking the snap fastener on the bursting rod), with an opening width of 3 mm, a length of 30 mm, and the depth (perpendicular to the end face of the bursting connecting rod) is connected to the opening in the middle above this snap fastener. The "worker" character snap fastener on the bursting rod can be directly hooked onto the snap fastener welded on the bursting connecting rod through the two openings, completing the fixation of their relative positions.

[0017] The described corn cob fixing device includes a fixed concave plate, a movable concave plate, a hairspring suspension rod, a one-way hairspring hook mounting hole, a rear baffle and a fixed seat;

[0018] The cross-section of the described fixed concave plate of the corn cob is in the shape of a quarter circle ring, with an outer diameter of 70 mm, an inner diameter of 60 mm, a length of 250 mm, and one axial end face is welded on the upper guide plate, and its position is fixed relative to the main body of the frame.

[0019] The shape of the described movable concave plate is the same as that of the fixed concave plate. One axial end face is fixed on the hairspring suspension rod through two connecting blocks and rotates with the hairspring suspension rod. There is a one-way hairspring hook mounting hole with a diameter of 12 mm at 90 mm from the front lateral end face near the other axial end face, which is used to fix the one-way hairspring hook.

[0020] The described one-way hairspring hook mounting hole is located on the outer arc surface on the lower side of the movable concave plate, 90 mm from the axial end face near the rear baffle, with a diameter of 12 mm, which is used to fix the one-way hairspring hook.

[0021] The described hairspring suspension rod includes a hairspring and a suspension rod;

[0022] The main body of the described hairspring suspension rod is a cylindrical long rod with a diameter of 10 mm. Its axis is consistent with the movement direction of the bursting rod and is fixed to the upper end face of the movable concave plate through 2 connecting blocks. One side of the suspension rod passes through the fixing hole on the rear baffle and is connected to the hairspring, so that it has a tendency to rotate towards the fixed concave plate side to make the movable concave plate and the fixed concave plate close together. The other side passes through the reserved hole on the fixed seat, making it rotatable relative to the two fixing holes. The fixed seat is a rectangular plate member and is welded on the horizontal support plate.

[0023] The cross-section of the rear baffle is L-shaped. There are 2 M12 threaded holes symmetrically distributed longitudinally on the shorter side plate surface, and it can be fixed to the horizontal support plate through bolts. On the longer side, its plate surface is perpendicular to the movement direction of the bursting rod, and there is a conical blind hole with a maximum diameter of 35 mm at the center for fixing the head of the corn ear. On the outer arc surface near the movable concave plate, there is a through hole with a diameter of 12 mm for fixing the spring boom.

[0024] The linkage mechanism described above includes a one-way spring hook, a bent rod, an L-shaped connecting rod, and a double-headed connecting bolt;

[0025] The bent rod is formed by bending a cylindrical long rod with a diameter of 12 mm once. The longer side is welded to the mounting hole on the side of the shorter part of the L-shaped connecting rod. The shorter side is the free end. When the bursting connecting rod contracts, it pushes aside the arc-shaped hook to drive the movable concave plate to flip and remove the corn fragments. When the bursting connecting rod extends, it pushes the arc-shaped hook fixed to the spring disc to rotate and finally catches inside the arc-shaped hook to prepare for the next flip of the movable concave plate.

[0026] The L-shaped connecting rod is formed by bending a cuboid long rod once. There is a M12 threaded hole in the exact center of the longer part on the end face, and it is fixed to the L-shaped connecting rod mounting hole on the bursting connecting rod through a double-headed connecting bolt. There is a mounting hole with a diameter of 12 mm on the side of the shorter part for fixing the bent rod.

[0027] The double-headed connecting bolt is M12 in size and is used to connect and fix the L-shaped connecting rod and the bursting connecting rod, so that the L-shaped connecting rod driving the bent rod moves back and forth with the expansion and contraction of the bursting connecting rod.

[0028] The one-way spring hook described above includes a fixed straight rod, a spring disc, and an arc-shaped hook;

[0029] The fixed straight rod extends from the center of the upper end face of the spring disc and is perpendicular to the entire spring disc horizontally. The spring disc can rotate around the fixed straight rod to realize the tensioning and relaxation of the spring. The arc-shaped hook is fixed to the arc-shaped outer side surface of the spring disc and rotates around the fixed straight rod together with the spring disc. The upper end face of the fixed straight rod is welded to the one-way spring hook mounting hole of the movable concave plate for fixing the entire one-way spring hook, so that the one-way spring hook moves with the rotation of the movable concave plate.

[0030] The frame assembly described above includes an upper guide plate assembly, a horizontal support plate, a lower guide plate, a lower guide plate hanging mechanism, and a frame body.

[0031] The lower guide plate is 5 mm thick and is formed by bending and cutting a large rectangular plate. The left and right side edges are bent into guard plates and then cut. There are 2 hooks welded on both side guard plates for hanging it to the frame body through springs. The lower guide plate is located obliquely below the horizontal support plate and forms a 30° angle with the horizontal support plate.

[0032] The upper deflector assembly described above is composed of side plates, support rib plates and a deflector. The deflector is a rectangular plate with a thickness of 3 mm, a length of 400 mm, and a width of 260 mm. It is installed on the upper surface of the horizontal support plate and forms an angle of 30° with the horizontal support plate. The support rib plates have a thickness of 5 mm and are trapezoidal in shape. They are welded to the lower side of the deflector and the upper side of the horizontal support plate, one on the left and one on the right, to support and fix the deflector. The side plates are rectangular plates with a thickness of 3 mm and are welded to the upper left and right sides of the deflector to prevent the corn cobs from sliding out of the deflector when they fall.

[0033] The horizontal support plate is rectangular as a whole, with a thickness of 10 mm, and includes sleeve fixing seat mounting holes, rear baffle mounting holes, horizontal support plate mounting holes, rectangular through holes and rectangular grooves; among them, the sleeve fixing seat mounting holes are 4 M12 threaded holes for installing 2 sleeve fixing seats; the rear baffle mounting holes are 2 M12 threaded holes for installing the rear baffle; the horizontal support plate mounting holes are 4 through holes with a diameter of 12 mm, through which the horizontal support plate can be fixed to the main body of the frame by bolts. In order to make the horizontal support plate more stable, 2 rib plates are welded to the rear end of the main body of the frame to support the horizontal support plate. The rectangular through hole is located at a corner near the horizontal support plate to leave space for the front and rear movement of the L-shaped connecting rod connected to the bursting link. There is a rectangular groove on the long side near the rectangular through hole to leave space for the movement of installing and fixing the concave plate and the movable concave plate.

[0034] The lower deflector hanging mechanism is composed of straight plates, springs and hanging plates. Among them, the 4 straight plates are rectangular plates of the same size, with holes at one end and are welded to the main body of the frame at the other end. The 4 hanging plates are all formed by bending rectangular plate parts, with holes at the upper end and are welded to the lower deflector at the lower end. One end of the spring is hung on the hole of the straight plate, and the other end is hung on the hole of the hanging plate to realize the non-rigid connection between the lower deflector and the main body of the frame.

[0035] The main body of the frame includes a mounting plate, a main frame and a straight plate welding frame. Among them, the mounting plate is a rectangular plate welded to the top of the main frame. The size and position of the holes on the plate are the same as those on the horizontal support plate, and the horizontal support plate can be fixed to the main body of the frame with 4 M12 bolts. The main frame has 4 legs, and both the legs and the cross beams are welded with square tubes. Two tubes extend vertically and horizontally at the top of the front end as the straight plate welding frame for welding 4 straight plates.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0037] 1. There are many types of bursting rods, which can complete different types of bursting tests.

[0038] 2. The bursting rods are replaceable, and the snap-on hanging mechanism makes the replacement of the bursting rods faster and more convenient.

[0039] 3. The use of linear motors to provide expansion and cracking power simplifies the transmission mechanism and reduces the installation space.

[0040] 4. The linkage mechanism can realize the clamping of corn ears before bursting and the removal of broken ears after bursting, and the control system is replaced by a mechanical structure, thus simplifying the control system of the bursting device.

[0041] 5. The conical blind hole on the end face of the rear baffle, combined with the fixed concave plate and the movable concave plate, can achieve better fixation of the corn ears, creating conditions for subsequent expansion and cracking.

[0042] 6. The width of the upper guide plate is similar to the length of the corn ear, which can ensure that only a single corn ear can roll down at the same time. The width of the lower guide plate is much larger than that of the upper guide plate, which can effectively receive the broken ears after the expansion and bursting, and prevent them from falling to the ground.

[0043] 7. After completing a bursting operation and clearing the broken ears, the spring suspension rod can realize the automatic reset of the movable concave plate.

[0044] 8. The linkage mechanism can open the movable concave plate when the bursting rod is retracted, and automatically reset the movable concave plate and the turning rod when the bursting rod is extended, clamping the corn cob, so as to realize the cyclic operation of the bursting test bench.

[0045] 9. The lower guide plate is hung on the frame body with four springs, which is easy to disassemble and has a non-rigid connection.

[0046] 10. The frame is reinforced with ribs in many places, which is conducive to the stability of the whole machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 is the general assembly diagram of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 , 3 It is an assembly diagram of the bursting device of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a circular cross-section bursting rod;

[0050] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a swellable rod with a regular triangle cross section;

[0051] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a square cross-section bursting rod;

[0052] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a regular pentagonal cross-section bursting rod;

[0053] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a regular hexagonal cross-section bursting rod;

[0054] Figure 9, 10 A schematic diagram of a bursting rod and a bursting connecting rod connected by a buckle;

[0055] Figure 11 , 12 It is an assembly diagram of the fruit ear fixing device of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the clockwork suspension rod;

[0057] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the rear baffle;

[0058] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the position of the expansion device after driving the bending pull rod to complete the expansion;

[0059] Figure 16 It is a schematic diagram of the expansion and cracking device driving the turning rod to withdraw and toggling the one-way spring hook to drive the movable concave plate to rotate;

[0060] Figure 17 The schematic diagram of the position of the one-way spring hook when the expansion device drives the turning rod to withdraw and toggle the one-way spring hook due to the rotation of the movable concave plate and the two are separated;

[0061] Figure 18 A schematic diagram of the position where the expansion device drives the turning rod forward to move the one-way spring hook and is about to clamp the inner side of the one-way spring hook during the next mandrel expansion activity;

[0062] Figure 19 It is an assembly diagram of the linkage mechanism of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of a one-way spring hook;

[0064] Figure 21 It is an assembly diagram of the frame assembly of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 22 The upper deflector assembly;

[0066] Figure 23 It is a horizontal support plate assembly;

[0067] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the lower deflector plate attachment mechanism;

[0068] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the main body of the rack.

[0069] In the figure:

[0070] A. Bursting device; B. Ear fixing device; C. Linkage mechanism; D. Frame assembly;

[0071] 1. Expanding rod; 2. Snap; 3. L-shaped rod mounting hole; 4. Expanding link; 5. Sleeve; 6. Sleeve fixing seat; 7. Linear motor; 8. Fixed concave plate; 9. Movable concave plate; 10. Spring balance hanging rod; 11. One-way spring hook mounting hole; 12. Rear baffle; 13. Fixing seat; 14. Spring; 15. Hanging rod; 16. One-way spring hook; 17. Bent pull rod; 18. L-shaped link; 19. Double-headed connecting bolt; 20. Fixed straight rod; 21. Spring disc; 22. Arc-shaped hook; 23. Upper deflector assembly; 24. Horizontal support plate; 25. Lower deflector; 26. Lower deflector hanging mechanism; 27. Main body of the frame; 28. Side plate; 29. Support rib plate; 30. Deflector; 31. Sleeve fixing seat mounting hole; 32. Rear baffle mounting hole; 33. Horizontal support plate mounting hole; 34. Rectangular through hole; 35. Rectangular groove; 36. Straight plate; 37. Spring; 38. Hanging plate; 39. Mounting plate; 40. Main frame; 41. Straight plate welding frame. Detailed implementation mode

[0072] Refer to Figure 1 , this embodiment includes an expanding device A, an ear fixing device B, a linkage mechanism C and a frame assembly D;

[0073] Refer to Figures 2 to 3 , the expanding device A includes an expanding rod 1, a snap 2, an L-shaped link mounting hole 3, an expanding link 4, a sleeve 5, a sleeve fixing seat 6 and a linear motor 7;

[0074] The expanding link 4 is a cylinder with a cross-sectional diameter of 50 mm and a length of 300 mm. The front end face fixes the expanding rod 1 through the welded snap 2, and the rear end face is welded to the push rod of the linear motor 7. It reciprocates back and forth in the sleeve 5 with the push rod of the linear motor 7, driving the expanding rod 1 to perform mandrel expanding operation.

[0075] The L-shaped link mounting hole 3 is an M12 threaded hole, located 50 mm below the expanding link 4 and at a distance from the mounting end face of the snap 2, for fixing the L-shaped link 18.

[0076] The sleeve 5 has an outer diameter of 70 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, and a length of 600 mm. The rear end is connected to the linear motor 7, and the push rod of the linear motor 7 can telescopically move back and forth in the sleeve 5 to drive the expanding link 4 and the expanding rod 1 to move. The sleeve 5 as a whole is fixed on the horizontal support plate 24 through 2 sleeve fixing seats 6.

[0077] The inner diameter of the cylinder of the sleeve fixing seat 6 is 70 mm, the outer diameter is 80 mm, and the length is 50 mm. It is fixed on the horizontal support plate 24 through 2 M12 bolts. The 2 sleeve fixing seats 6 are axially arranged based on the sleeve 5.

[0078] The described linear motor 7 is installed at the rear end of the sleeve 5. The push rod of the linear motor 7 is fixed to the bursting link 4. The bursting link 4 can move longitudinally back and forth in the sleeve 5 driven by the motor push rod.

[0079] Refer to Figures 4 to 8 , the described bursting rod 1 has 5 types, namely the bursting rod with circular cross-section, the bursting rod with equilateral triangle cross-section, the bursting rod with square cross-section, the bursting rod with regular pentagon cross-section, and the bursting rod with regular hexagon cross-section.

[0080] Refer to Figure 4 , the cross-sectional diameter of the described bursting rod with circular cross-section is 25 mm and the total length is 250 mm. At the front part of the bursting rod 1, 50 mm from the end, its cross-sectional diameter gradually and uniformly decreases from the rear to the front along the center line of the bursting rod 1, presenting a conical shape. On the rear end face of the bursting rod 1, a buckle 2 that can be hooked and fixed to the bursting link 4 is welded. The end face of the buckle 2 is square, with a side length the same as the cross-sectional diameter of the bursting rod 1, which is 25 mm. The side face is in the shape of "I", and the thickness of the front, rear, and middle rib plates is 3 mm, and the overall thickness is 15 mm.

[0081] Refer to Figures 5 to 8 , the circumscribed circle diameters of the cross-sections of the described bursting rods with equilateral triangle cross-section, square cross-section, regular pentagon cross-section, and regular hexagon cross-section are all 25 mm, and the total lengths are all 250 mm. At 50 mm from the end, their cross-sectional diameters gradually and uniformly decrease from the rear to the front along the center line of the bursting rod 1, presenting triangular prism, quadrangular prism, pentagonal prism, and hexagonal prism shapes respectively. On the rear end face of the bursting rod 1, fixed buckles 2 that can be hooked to the bursting link 4 are all welded. The size and shape of the buckle 2 are the same as those of the buckle 2 at the rear end of the bursting rod with circular cross-section.

[0082] Refer to Figures 9 to 10 , the described buckle 2 is composed of two parts, which are welded to the rear end face of the bursting rod 1 and the front end face of the bursting link 4 respectively. The two can be combined to achieve the quick connection of the bursting rod 1 and the bursting link 4. One half of the buckle 2 welded on the rear end face of the bursting rod 1 has a square end face with a side length of 25 mm, and the side face is in the shape of "I", and the thickness of the front, rear, and middle rib plates is 3 mm. One half of the buckle 2 welded on the bursting link 4 is an overall cuboid, with a rectangular cross-section with a length of 35 mm, an overall thickness of 12 mm. There is an opening in the middle above the inner side (the side close to the bursting link 4), with an opening length of 25 mm, a width of 3 mm, and a depth of 30 mm. There is an opening at the left and right horizontal centers on the outer side (the side for hooking the buckle 2 on the bursting rod 1), with an opening width of 3 mm, a length of 30 mm, and the depth (perpendicular to the end face of the bursting link 4) is connected to the opening in the middle above this buckle 2. The "I"-shaped buckle 2 on the bursting rod 1 can be directly inserted into the center of the buckle 2 welded on the bursting link 4 through the two openings to complete the fixation of their relative positions.

[0083] Refer toFigures 11 to 12 The corn cob fixing device B includes a fixed concave plate 8, a movable concave plate 9, a winding rod 10, a one-way winding hook mounting hole 11, a rear baffle 12 and a fixed seat 13;

[0084] The cross-section of the fixed concave plate 8 of the corn cob is in a quarter-circular ring shape, with an outer diameter of 70 mm, an inner diameter of 60 mm, and a length of 250 mm. One axial end face is welded to the upper diversion plate 23 and is fixed relative to the main body 27 of the frame.

[0085] The movable concave plate 9 has the same shape as the fixed concave plate 8. One axial end face is fixed to the winding rod 10 through two connecting blocks and rotates with the winding rod 10. There is a one-way winding hook mounting hole 11 with a diameter of 12 mm at a position 90 mm from the front lateral end face near the other axial end face, which is used to fix the one-way winding hook 16.

[0086] The one-way winding hook mounting hole 11 is located on the outer arc surface on the lower side of the movable concave plate 9, 90 mm from the axial end face near the rear baffle 12, with a diameter of 12 mm, which is used to fix the one-way winding hook 16.

[0087] Refer to Figure 13 The winding rod 10 includes a winding spring 14 and a suspension rod 15;

[0088] The main body of the winding rod 10 is a cylindrical long rod with a diameter of 10 mm. Its axis is consistent with the moving direction of the splitting rod 1 and is fixed to the upper end face of the movable concave plate 9 through 2 connecting blocks. One side of the suspension rod 15 passes through the fixing hole on the rear baffle 12 and is connected to the winding spring 14, so that it has a tendency to rotate towards the fixed concave plate 8 to close the movable concave plate 9 and the fixed concave plate 8. The other side passes through the reserved hole on the fixed seat 13, enabling it to rotate relative to the two fixed holes. The fixed seat 13 is a rectangular plate and is welded to the horizontal support plate 24.

[0089] Refer to Figure 14 The cross-section of the rear baffle 12 is in an L shape. There are 2 M12 threaded holes longitudinally symmetrically distributed on the shorter side plate surface, through which it can be fixed to the horizontal support plate 24 with bolts. On the longer side, its plate surface is perpendicular to the moving direction of the splitting rod 1, and there is a conical blind hole with a maximum diameter of 35 mm at the center, which is used to fix the head of the corn cob. There is a through hole with a diameter of 12 mm on the outer arc surface near the movable concave plate 9, which is used to fix the winding rod 10.

[0090] Refer to Figures 15 to 18 It is a schematic diagram of the installation position and specific working process of the linkage mechanism of the present invention in the splitting test bench.

[0091] Refer to Figure 19, the linkage mechanism includes a one-way spring hook 16, a bent pull rod 17, an L-shaped connecting rod 18 and a double-headed connecting bolt 19;

[0092] The bent pull rod 17 is formed by bending a cylindrical long rod with a diameter of 12 mm once. The longer side is welded to the mounting hole on the side of the shorter part of the L-shaped connecting rod 18. The shorter side is the free end. When the expanding and cracking connecting rod 4 contracts, it pushes aside the arc-shaped hook 22 to drive the movable concave plate 9 to flip to achieve the removal of corn chunks. When the expanding and cracking connecting rod 4 extends, it pushes the arc-shaped hook 22 fixed to the spring disk 21 to rotate, and finally snaps into the inner side of the arc-shaped hook 22 to prepare for the next flip of the movable concave plate 9.

[0093] The L-shaped connecting rod 18 is formed by bending a rectangular parallelepiped long rod once. There is a threaded hole of M12 in the exact center of the end face of the longer part, and it is fixed to the L-shaped connecting rod mounting hole 3 on the expanding and cracking connecting rod 4 through the double-headed connecting bolt 19. There is a mounting hole with a diameter of 12 mm on the side of the shorter part, which is used to fix the bent pull rod 17.

[0094] The double-headed connecting bolt 19 is of size M12 and is used to connect and fix the L-shaped connecting rod 18 and the expanding and cracking connecting rod 4, so that the L-shaped connecting rod 18 driving the bent pull rod moves back and forth with the expansion and contraction of the expanding and cracking connecting rod 4.

[0095] Refer to Figure 20 , the one-way spring hook 16 includes a fixed straight rod 20, a spring disk 21 and an arc-shaped hook 22;

[0096] The fixed straight rod 20 extends from the center of the upper end face of the spring disk 21 and is perpendicular to the transverse direction of the entire spring disk 21. The spring disk 21 can rotate around the fixed straight rod 20 to realize the tensioning and relaxation of the spring. The arc-shaped hook 22 is fixed to the arc-shaped outer peripheral side of the spring disk 21 and rotates around the fixed straight rod 20 together with the spring disk 21. The upper end face of the fixed straight rod 20 is welded to the one-way spring hook mounting hole 11 of the movable concave plate 9 for fixing the entire one-way spring hook 16, so that the one-way spring hook 16 moves with the rotation of the movable concave plate 9.

[0097] Refer to Figure 21 , the frame assembly D includes an upper guide plate assembly 23, a horizontal support plate 24, a lower guide plate 25, a lower guide plate hanging mechanism 26 and a frame body 27.

[0098] The lower guide plate 25 is 5 mm thick and is formed by bending and cutting a large rectangular plate. The left and right side edges are bent into guard plates and then cut. Two hanging plates 38 are welded to both guard plates, which are used to hang it on the frame body 27 through springs. The lower guide plate 25 is located obliquely below the horizontal support plate 24 and forms an angle of 30° with the horizontal support plate 24.

[0099] Refer to Figure 22, the upper deflector assembly 23 is composed of side plates 28, support rib plates 29 and a deflector 30.

[0100] The deflector 30 is a rectangular plate with a thickness of 3 mm, a length of 400 mm, and a width of 260 mm. It is installed on the upper surface of the horizontal support plate 24 and forms an angle of 30° with the horizontal support plate 24. The support rib plate 19 has a thickness of 5 mm and is trapezoidal in shape. It is welded to the lower side of the deflector 30 and the upper side of the horizontal support plate 24, one on the left and one on the right, to support and fix the deflector 30. The side plates 28 are rectangular plates with a thickness of 3 mm and are welded to the upper left and right sides of the deflector 30 to prevent the corn cobs from sliding out of the deflector 30 when they fall.

[0101] Refer to Figure 23 , the horizontal support plate 24 is rectangular as a whole with a thickness of 10 mm. It is provided with sleeve fixing seat mounting holes 31, rear baffle mounting holes 32, horizontal support plate mounting holes 33, rectangular through holes 34 and rectangular grooves 35; among them, the sleeve fixing seat mounting holes 31 are 4 M12 threaded holes for installing 2 sleeve fixing seats 6; the rear baffle mounting holes 32 are 2 M12 threaded holes for installing the rear baffle 12; the horizontal support plate mounting holes 33 are 4 through holes with a diameter of 12 mm, through which the horizontal support plate 24 can be fixed to the frame body 27 by bolts. In order to make the horizontal support plate 24 more stable, 2 rib plates are welded to the rear end of the frame body 27 to support the horizontal support plate 24. The rectangular through hole is at a corner of the horizontal support plate to leave space for the front and rear movement of the L-shaped connecting rod connected to the bursting connecting rod. There is a rectangular groove 35 on the long side close to the rectangular through hole 34 to leave space for the movement of installing and fixing the concave plate 8 and the movable concave plate 9.

[0102] Refer to Figure 24 , the lower deflector hanging mechanism 26 is composed of a straight plate 36, a spring 37 and a hanging plate 38. Among them, 4 straight plates 38 are rectangular plates of the same size, with holes at one end and are welded to the frame body 27 at the other end. 4 hanging plates 38 are all formed by bending rectangular plate parts, with holes at the upper end and are welded to the lower deflector 25 at the lower end. One end of the spring 37 is hung on the hole of the straight plate 38, and the other end is hung on the hole of the hanging plate 38 to realize the non-rigid connection between the lower deflector 25 and the frame body 27.

[0103] Refer to Figure 25, the frame body 27 includes a mounting plate 39, a main frame 40, and a straight plate welding frame 41. Among them, the mounting plate 39 is a rectangular plate welded to the top of the main frame 40. The size and position of the holes on the plate are the same as those on the horizontal support plate 24. Four M12 bolts can be used to fix the horizontal support plate 24 on the frame body 27. The main frame 40 has four legs, and both the legs and the cross beams are welded by square tubes. Two tubes extend vertically and horizontally at the front top are the straight plate welding frame 41 for welding four straight plates 36.

[0104] Working principle of the present invention

[0105] Refer to Figure 1 , the working principle of the corn cob core shaft internal bursting test bench of the present invention is as follows. The frame assembly D is the fixing frame for the bursting device A, the ear fixing device B, and the linkage mechanism C. The bursting rod 1 in the bursting device A completes the corn core shaft bursting operation through the forward and backward movement in the longitudinal direction of the test bench. The bursting rod 1 is fixed on the bursting connecting rod 4 through the buckle 2 and moves forward and backward with the bursting connecting rod 4. The bursting connecting rod 4 drives the linkage mechanism C to move during the movement. One end of the linkage mechanism C is connected to the bursting device A, and the other end is connected to the movable concave plate 9 on the ear fixing device B, realizing the linkage of corn core shaft bursting, ear clamping, and broken ear cleaning, so as to realize the continuous operation of corn cob core shaft bursting.

[0106] Refer to Figures 2 to 3 , the working principle of the bursting device A of the present invention is as follows. The linear motor 7 provides power for the bursting connecting rod 4 so that it can move forward and backward in the sleeve 5 along the longitudinal direction of the test bench. The bursting rod 1 is fixed on the bursting connecting rod 4 through the buckle 2 and realizes the internal bursting operation of the corn core shaft by moving forward and backward with the bursting connecting rod 4.

[0107] Refer to Figures 4 to 10 , the bursting rod 1 of the present invention has five different types, and the quick replacement of the bursting rod 1 can be realized through the buckle 2.

[0108] Refer to Figures 11 to 12 , the working principle of the corn ear fixing device B of the present invention is as follows. The position of the fixed concave plate 8 is fixed relative to the frame body 27, and together with the movable concave plate 9 and the rear baffle 12, it completes the clamping operation of the corn ear during the bursting test. The movable concave plate 9 is fixedly connected to the spring boom 10, and the two can rotate around its fixed fulcrum through the boom 15 in the spring boom 10 together, so as to realize the opening and closing of the movable concave plate 9 relative to the fixed concave plate 8. The spring 14 on the spring boom 10 provides power for the closing of the movable concave plate 9 through the boom 15, so that the movable concave plate 9 is in a closed state relative to the fixed concave plate 8 without external force, thereby realizing the clamping of the corn ear. When receiving the external force applied by the linkage mechanism C, the movable concave plate 9 opens to realize the cleaning operation of the burst corn ear.

[0109] Refer toFigures 15 to 18 , the working principle of the linkage mechanism C of the present invention is as follows. The fixed straight rod 20 of the one-way spring hook 16 is welded to the movable concave plate 9 and can drive the entire one-way spring hook 16 mechanism to rotate along with the movable concave plate 9. The turning pull rod 17 is fixedly connected to the bursting link 4 through the L-shaped connecting rod 18 and the double-headed connecting bolt 19 and moves back and forth with the bursting link 4. After the corn ear bursting operation is completed, the bursting link 4 retracts and moves backward, driving the turning pull rod 17 fixedly connected thereto to move backward. During the movement, the free end of the turning pull rod 17 will pull the arc-shaped hook 22 in the one-way spring hook 16 to move. At this time, the spring disc 21 in the one-way spring hook 16 cannot rotate, so that the arc-shaped hook 22 drives the entire one-way spring hook 16 to move, thereby driving the movable concave plate 9 to rotate around the suspension rod 15, realizing the opening of the movable concave plate 9 relative to the fixed concave plate 8 to remove the fragments of the burst corn ear. When the movable concave plate 9 is turned to a certain angle, due to the limited length of the arc-shaped hook 22 in the one-way spring hook 16 and the change in the angle relative to the turning pull rod 17, the turning pull rod 17 is pulled off from the arc-shaped hook 22 and the two are separated. The turning pull rod 17 moves backward with the bursting link 4, and the movable concave plate 9 rotates in the direction of closing with the fixed concave plate 8 under the action of the spring 14, driving the entire one-way spring hook 16 to rotate back, and the entire ear clamping mechanism returns to its original position to prepare for the next corn ear bursting operation. When the next corn ear bursting operation is carried out, the bursting link 4 drives the bursting rod 1 to move forward for the bursting operation, and at the same time drives the turning pull rod 17 to move forward. When the turning pull rod 17 contacts the arc-shaped hook 22, the turning pull rod 17 pushes the arc-shaped hook 22 to rotate around the spring disc 21. When the arc-shaped hook 22 rotates around the spring disc 21 to a certain angle, the free end of the turning pull rod 17 rubs against the free end of the arc-shaped hook 22 and snaps into the inner side of the arc-shaped hook 22, and the two are separated. At this time, since the arc-shaped hook 22 is no longer pushed by the turning pull rod 17, it will rotate in the opposite direction under the action of the spring disc 21 until it returns to its original position. The turning pull rod 17 will still move forward a certain distance with the bursting link 4 until the bursting operation is completed. After the bursting operation is completed, the operation of removing the fragments of the burst ear will be carried out. At this time, the turning pull rod 17 retracts backward with the bursting link 4, repeating the above steps to realize the continuous operation of the bursting process.

[0110] Refer to Figure 21, the working principle of the frame assembly D of the present invention is as follows. The corn ear slides from the upper deflector assembly 23 to the fixed concave plate 8 and the movable concave plate 9, and the splitting rod 1 moves forward to split the corn ear. During the splitting process, the fixed concave plate 8, the movable concave plate 9 and the rear baffle 12 clamp the corn ear to prevent it from moving under external force. After the splitting is completed, the splitting rod 1 retracts backward, and drives the movable concave plate 9 to turn outwards through the linkage mechanism C to remove the split fragments of the corn ear. The split fragments of the corn ear fall onto the lower deflector 25 as the movable concave plate 9 turns, and slide off the surface of the deflector to complete one operation of splitting the core shaft of the corn ear.

Claims

1. A pre-threshing test bench for internal bursting of corn cobs, characterized in that, It includes a bursting device, an ear fixing device, a linkage mechanism and a frame assembly; The frame assembly is the base of the internal bursting pre-threshing test bench for corn cobs. The frame assembly includes a horizontal support plate and an upper guide plate assembly; The bursting device, the ear fixing device and the linkage mechanism are all installed on the upper part of the frame assembly. The bursting device and the ear fixing device are connected by the linkage mechanism; The bursting device includes a bursting rod, a buckle, an L-shaped connecting rod mounting hole, a bursting connecting rod, a sleeve, a sleeve fixing seat and a linear motor; On the rear end face of the bursting rod, a buckle is welded. The length of the bursting connecting rod is 300 mm. A buckle is welded on the front end face, and the rear end face is welded to the push rod of the linear motor; The L-shaped connecting rod mounting hole is an M12 threaded hole, located 50 mm below the bursting connecting rod and at a distance from the buckle mounting end face; The sleeve has an outer diameter of 70 mm, an inner diameter of 50 mm, and a length of 600 mm. The rear end is connected to the outer shell of the linear motor. The sleeve is fixed on the horizontal support plate by 2 sleeve fixing seats; The inner diameter of the sleeve fixing seat is 70 mm, the outer diameter is 80 mm, and the length is 50 mm. It is fixed to the horizontal support plate by 2 M12 bolts. The 2 sleeve fixing seats are arranged axially based on the sleeve; The corn ear fixing device includes a fixed concave plate, a movable concave plate and a spring boom. For the movable concave plate, one axial end face is fixed to the spring boom by two connecting blocks and rotates with the spring boom. There is a single-direction spring hook mounting hole with a diameter of 12 mm at a distance of 90 mm from the front lateral end face on the other axial end face; The cross-section of the fixed concave plate is in the shape of a quarter circular ring, with an outer diameter of 70 mm, an inner diameter of 60 mm, and a length of 250 mm. One axial end face is welded to the upper guide plate assembly; The spring boom includes a spring and a boom. One side of the boom passes through the fixing hole on the rear baffle and is connected to the spring. The other side passes through the reserved hole on the fixing seat. The fixing seat is a rectangular plate and is welded to the horizontal support plate; The linkage mechanism includes a single-direction spring hook, a turning pull rod, an L-shaped connecting rod and a double-headed connecting bolt; The turning pull rod is integrally formed by bending a cylindrical long rod with a diameter of 12 mm. The longer side is welded to the mounting hole on the side of the shorter part of the L-shaped connecting rod; The L-shaped connecting rod is formed by bending a cuboid long rod once. There is an M12 threaded hole in the center of the end face of the longer part, and it is fixed to the L-shaped connecting rod mounting hole on the bursting connecting rod by a double-headed connecting bolt. There is a mounting hole with a diameter of 12 mm on the side of the shorter part for fixing the turning pull rod; The single-direction spring hook includes a fixed straight rod, a spring disc and an arc-shaped hook; The fixed straight rod extends from the center of the upper end face of the spring disc and is perpendicular to the upper end face of the spring disc. The arc-shaped hook is fixed to the arc-shaped outer peripheral side of the spring disc. The fixed straight rod is welded to the single-direction spring hook mounting hole of the movable concave plate.

2. The internal expansion and cracking pre-threshing test bench for a corn cob shaft according to claim 1, wherein, There are 5 different types of expansion rods, namely, the expansion rod with a circular cross-section, the expansion rod with an equilateral triangle cross-section, the expansion rod with a square cross-section, the expansion rod with a regular pentagon cross-section, and the expansion rod with a regular hexagon cross-section. The cross-sectional diameter of the circular cross-section expansion rod is 25 mm, and the total length is 250 mm. The cross-sectional diameter at a position 50 mm from the end and in the front part of the expansion rod gradually decreases from the back to the front along the center line of the expansion rod, presenting a conical shape. The end face of the buckle is square, with a side length of 25 mm. The side face is in the shape of "I", and the thicknesses of the front, back, and middle rib plates are all 3 mm, and the overall thickness is 15 mm. The circumscribed circle diameters of the cross-sections of the expansion rods with equilateral triangle cross-section, square cross-section, regular pentagon cross-section, and regular hexagon cross-section are all 25 mm, and the total lengths are all 250 mm. The circumscribed circle diameters of the cross-sections at a position 50 mm from the end gradually decrease from the back to the front along the center line of the expansion rod, presenting the shapes of triangular pyramid, quadrangular pyramid, pentagonal pyramid, and hexagonal pyramid respectively. The end face of the buckle is square, with a side length of 25 mm.

3. A corn cob core internal bursting pre-threshing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buckle is composed of two parts, which are welded to the rear end face of the expansion rod and the front end face of the expansion connecting rod respectively. The half buckle welded on the rear end face of the expansion rod has a square end face with a side length of 25 mm, and the side face is in the shape of "I". The thicknesses of the front, back, and middle rib plates are all 3 mm. The half buckle welded on the expansion connecting rod is a cuboid as a whole, with a rectangular cross-section of 35 mm in length. The overall thickness is 12 mm. There is an opening in the middle above the side close to the expansion connecting rod, with an opening length of 25 mm, a width of 3 mm, and a depth of 30 mm. There are openings at the left and right horizontal centers on the side of the half buckle hanging on the expansion rod, with an opening width of 3 mm and a length of 30 mm.

4. A corncob core internal expansion cracking pre-threshing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the suspension rod is 10 mm, and its axial direction is the longitudinal direction of the frame assembly. The suspension rod is connected to the movable concave plate through 2 connecting blocks.

5. A corn cob core internal expansion and cracking pre-threshing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-section of the rear baffle is L-shaped. There are 2 M12 threaded holes longitudinally distributed on the shorter side plate surface, and it is fixed to the horizontal support plate through bolts. The longer side plate surface is perpendicular to the movement direction of the expansion rod, and there is a conical blind hole with a maximum diameter of 35 mm at the center in the movement direction of the expansion rod. There is a through hole with a diameter of 12 mm at the upper part near the movable concave plate side.

6. A corn cob core internal bursting pre-threshing test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame assembly further includes a lower deflector, a lower deflector hanging mechanism, and a frame body. The lower deflector is 5 mm thick and is formed by bending and cutting a large rectangular plate. The left and right side edges are bent into guard plates and then cut. There are 2 hanging plates welded on each of the two guard plates. The lower deflector is located obliquely below the horizontal support plate and forms a 30° angle with the horizontal support plate. The upper deflector assembly is composed of side plates, support rib plates, and a deflector. The deflector is a rectangular plate with a thickness of 3 mm, a length of 400 mm, and a width of 260 mm. It is installed on the upper surface of the horizontal support plate and forms a 30° angle with the horizontal support plate. The support rib plates have a thickness of 5 mm and are trapezoidal in shape. They are welded to the lower side of the deflector and the upper side of the horizontal support plate, one on the left and one on the right, to support and fix the deflector. The side plates are rectangular plates with a thickness of 3 mm and are welded to the left and right sides on the upper side of the deflector. The horizontal support plate as a whole is rectangular, with a thickness of 10 mm, and is provided with sleeve fixing seat mounting holes, rear baffle mounting holes, horizontal support plate mounting holes, rectangular through holes and rectangular grooves. Two rib plates are welded below the horizontal support plate at the rear end of the frame body; The lower deflector hanging mechanism consists of straight plates, springs and hanging plates. Among them, the 4 straight plates are rectangular plates of the same size, with holes at one end and are welded to the frame body at the other end. The 4 hanging plates are all formed by bending rectangular plate parts, with holes at the upper end and are welded to the lower deflector at the lower end. One end of the spring is hung on the hole of the straight plate, and the other end is hung on the hole of the hanging plate; The frame body includes a mounting plate, a main frame and a straight plate welding frame. The mounting plate is a rectangular plate and is welded to the top of the main frame. The size and position of the holes on the mounting plate are the same as those of the holes on the horizontal support plate. The main frame has 4 legs, and the legs and cross beams are all welded by square tubes. Two tubes extend vertically and horizontally at the top of the front end of the main frame as the straight plate welding frame, and 1 straight plate is welded on each of the straight plate welding frames.

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