Low-stress clamping tooling and method for turning and milling composite machining of straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin

Abstract

The present invention is a low-stress clamping tool for the milling and turning composite processing of a straight-cylindrical thin-walled cabin body, which is used for clamping the cabin body (1) and is characterized in that it includes an adapter plate (2), a pull plate (3), a plurality of short pull rods (4), a long pull rod (5), a plug (6) and a plurality of nuts (7); wherein the adapter plate (2) is a rotating disc structure, the outer diameter of the adapter plate (2) is larger than the outer diameter of the cabin body (1), the left side of the adapter plate (2) is a plane, and a circular blind groove (21) is provided at the center of the right side, the diameter of the blind groove (21) is slightly larger than the diameter of the cabin body after rough processing; a central threaded through hole (211) is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the blind groove (21); the present invention solves the problem of large plastic deformation of the cabin body caused by radial force when the three-jaw chuck is directly clamped in the past. Under the action of the long and short pull rods, the cabin body is in contact with the tooling surface and is subjected to uniform axial force, thereby realizing low-stress clamping and effectively reducing deformation caused by excessive clamping stress.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention is a low stress clamping tool and method for the milling and turning composite processing of a straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin body, which can realize the outer diameter The low-stress clamping of the milling and turning composite machining of the straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin with a wall thickness of 2 to 5 mm completes the precision machining of the cabin. Background Art

[0002] The existing production process for straight, thin-walled hulls often faces the following challenges. Due to their weak rigidity, direct use of a three-jaw chuck to radially clamp the hull during the finish turning process results in significant extrusion and plastic deformation. The lack of bosses or flanges on the hull for the milling press plate to hold it in place during the finish milling process makes clamping the hull difficult. Furthermore, the milling and lathing machines commonly used in the machining of straight, thin-walled hulls involve both turning and milling, which often damages the hull during the existing machining process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention provides a low-stress clamping tool and method for the turning and milling composite processing of a straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin body, which can clamp the straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin body without causing damage, and is beneficial to the yield of turning and milling of the straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin body.

[0004] A low-stress clamping tool for milling and turning composite machining of a straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin body is used to clamp the cabin body 1. It is characterized by comprising an adapter plate 2, a pull plate 3, a plurality of short pull rods 4, a long pull rod 5, a plug 6 and a plurality of nuts 7.

[0005] The adapter plate 2 is a rotating disc-shaped structure, the outer diameter of the adapter plate 2 is larger than the outer diameter of the cabin body 1, the left side of the adapter plate 2 is flat, and there is a circular blind groove 21 in the center of the right side, the diameter of the blind groove 21 is slightly larger than the diameter of the cabin body after rough processing; a central threaded through hole 211 is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the blind groove 21; a plurality of end face threaded through holes 222 are uniformly distributed circumferentially on the end face of the adapter plate 2, and the pitch circle diameter of the end face threaded holes 222 is larger than the outer diameter of the cabin body 1;

[0006] The pull tray 3 is a circular structure, the outer diameter of the pull tray 3 is the same as the outer diameter of the adapter tray 2, and the inner diameter is larger than the diameter of the cabin 1 after rough processing; a plurality of pull tray threaded holes 31 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the end surface of the pull tray 3, the number of the plurality of pull tray threaded holes 31 is the same as the number of the end surface threaded holes 222 of the adapter tray 2, and the pitch circle diameter of the pull tray threaded holes 31 is the same as the pitch circle diameter of the end surface threaded holes 222;

[0007] The short pull rod 4 is a slender rod structure, with short pull rod external threads 41 at both ends of the short pull rod 4 and a smooth rod 42 in the middle of the short pull rod 4. The short pull rod external threads 41 match the end surface threaded through holes 222 of the adapter plate 2 and the pull plate threaded holes 31. The length of the short pull rod 4 is less than the total length of the cabin 1.

[0008] The length of the long pull rod 5 is greater than the total length of the cabin 1; both ends of the long pull rod 5 have long pull rod external threads 51; the long pull rod external threads 51 match the central threaded through hole 211 of the adapter plate 2;

[0009] The plug 6 is a disc structure, and the outer diameter of the plug 6 is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the cabin body 1. The plug 6 is placed inside one end of the cabin body 1 and has a clearance fit with the cabin body 1. A plug threaded through hole 61 is provided at the center of the plug 6, and the plug threaded through hole 61 matches the long rod external thread 51 of the long rod 5.

[0010] The nut 7 is a common external hexagonal nut, and the nut 7 matches the short tie rod external thread 41 and the long tie rod external thread 51 respectively;

[0011] During the rough processing of the cabin body 1, two ring belts 111 are left on the outer wall of the cabin body 1; the two ring belts 111 are distributed in the middle of the outer wall of the cabin body 1, and the two ring belts 111 are separated by a set distance;

[0012] When in use, the three-jaw chuck holds the adapter plate 2 with its reverse jaws, and the blind groove 21 of the adapter plate 2 faces right; when the interior of the cabin body 1 needs to be processed, the short pull rod external threads 41 at one end of the multiple short pull rods 4 are screwed to the multiple end surface threaded through holes 222 uniformly distributed circumferentially on the end surface of the adapter plate 2 and the nuts 7; then one end of the cabin body 1 is inserted into the blind groove 21 of the adapter plate 2, the pull plate 3 is put on the cabin body 1, and the other ends of the multiple short pull rods 4 are passed through the multiple pull plate threaded holes 31 on the pull plate 3 and are screwed to the nuts 7; so that the pull plate 3 is tightly pressed against an annular belt 111;

[0013] When the outside of the cabin body 1 needs to be processed, multiple short pull rods 4 and pull plates 3 are removed, and the long pull rod external thread 51 at one end of the long pull rod 5 is screwed to the central threaded through hole 211 of the adapter plate 2, and the other end passes through the plug threaded through hole 61 at the center of the plug 6 and is screwed to the nut, and the plug 6 is fixed inside the right end of the cabin body 1.

[0014] There are four end surface threaded through holes 222 and four pull plate threaded holes 31 , so there are also four short pull rods 4 .

[0015] The outer diameter of the adapter plate 2 is 1.3 to 1.5 times the outer diameter of the cabin body 1; the total thickness of the adapter plate 2 is 18 to 25 mm; the left side of the adapter plate 2 is flat, and there is a circular blind groove 21 with a depth of 3 to 5 mm in the center of the right side. The diameter of the blind groove 21 is 0.4 to 0.8 mm larger than the diameter of the cabin body 1 after rough processing, and the perpendicularity between the bottom plane of the blind groove 21 and the axis of the adapter plate 2 is controlled within 0.01 mm.

[0016] The pull plate 3 is a circular ring structure with a thickness of 10 to 15 mm. The outer diameter of the pull plate 3 is the same as that of the adapter plate 2 , and the inner diameter of the pull plate 3 is 0.6 to 1 mm larger than the diameter of the cabin body 1 after rough processing.

[0017] The length of the short tie rod external threads 41 at both ends of the short tie rod 4 is between 40 and 60 mm, and the total length of the short tie rod 2 is 0.75 to 0.85 times the total length of the cabin body 1.

[0018] The plug 6 has a thickness of 10 to 15 mm and an outer diameter 0.8 to 1.3 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the cabin 1 ; the length of the long pull rod 5 is 40 to 55 mm longer than the total length of the cabin.

[0019] The method for performing milling and turning composite processing of a straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin body by using the low-stress clamping fixture for milling and turning composite processing of a straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin body is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0020] Step 1: Rough-process the raw material pipe of the cabin body 1, flatten the left and right end faces of the cabin body with a single-side allowance of 0.5-1mm, roughly turn the inner and outer circles of the cabin body, and roughly mill the groove features of each part. Leave two ring bands 111 on the outer circumference of the cabin body, and the two ring bands 111 are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the axial direction;

[0021] The distance between the center of the left and right annular belts 111 and the end surfaces on both sides of the cabin body is 0.28 to 0.32 times the total length of the cabin body, the width of the annular belts is 6 to 8 mm, and the outer diameter of the annular belts is 6 to 10 mm larger than the outer diameter of the cabin body.

[0022] Step 2: Hold the adapter plate 2 with the three-jaw chuck 11 of the turning and milling compound machine tool with the reverse jaws, with the blind groove 21 side of the adapter plate 2 facing right, and screw the short pull rod external thread 41 at one end of the four short pull rods 4 to the four end face threaded through holes 222 uniformly distributed on the end face of the adapter plate 2. Then, insert one end of the cabin body 1 roughly machined in step 1 into the blind groove 21 of the adapter plate 2, and insert the pull plate 3 from the other end of the cabin body 1; the short pull rod external thread 41 at the other end of the four short pull rods 4 passes through the four through holes on the pull plate 3 and is screwed with four nuts. The pull plate 3 contacts the right side of the cabin body 1 on the right side of the annular belt 111. First, gently tighten the four nuts 7 Tighten the pull plate 3; then align the outer circle of the right end of the cabin body by gently tapping the cabin body 1 radially, tightening the four nuts 7 and fine-tuning the tightening torque of the four nuts 7, with the error controlled within 0.05mm, to complete the clamping; the right end face of the flat cabin body 1 is in place, the inner circumference of the cabin body 1 and the outer circumference of the right part of the cabin body 1 are in place, and the outer circumference is turned from the end face for a length of 15 to 30mm as a precise reference for subsequent alignment; the inner circumference is turned to the limit length as much as possible; the turning is divided into two cuts, and the cutting depth of the first cut is 60% to 75% of the single-side machining allowance. Loosen the clamp once between the two turnings to release the residual stress and then clamp again for alignment;

[0023] Step 3: Unscrew the four nuts 7, remove the pull plate 3, turn the cabin 1 around and clamp it, insert the end of the cabin 1 after fine turning into the blind groove 21 of the adapter plate 2, and insert the pull plate 3 from the other end of the cabin 1; the short pull rod external thread 41 at the right end of the four short pull rods 4 passes through the four pull plate threaded holes 31 on the pull plate 3 and is screwed with the four nuts 7. The pull plate 3 contacts the right side of the cabin 1 near the right side of the ring belt 111. First, gently tighten the four nuts 7 to press the pull plate 3; then use a dial indicator to mark the By gently tapping the radial micro-motion of the cabin body, tightening the four nuts 7 and fine-adjusting the tightening torque of the four nuts 7, the inner circle of the right end of the cabin body 1 is aligned within 0.02mm of the surface, and the clamping is completed; the end face of the other side of the flat cabin body 1 is in place, and the remaining part of the inner circumference of the cabin body 1 and the outer circumference of the same side of the cabin body 1 are aligned from the end face. The outer circumference is turned from the end face for a length of 15 to 30mm as the precise reference for subsequent alignment. The turning is divided into two cuts, and the process is the same as step 2;

[0024] Step 4, unscrew the four nuts 7, remove the pull plate 3 and the four short pull rods 4 and the cabin 1, then screw the long pull rod external thread 51 at one end of the long pull rod 5 to the central threaded through hole 211 of the adapter plate 2, put the cabin 1 with the completed inner circle turning on one end of the long pull rod 5, insert it into the blind groove 21 of the adapter plate 2, and the long pull rod external thread 51 at the other end of the long pull rod 5 passes through the plug threaded through hole 61 in the center of the plug 6 and is screwed to the nut 7. The plug 6 is in contact with the right end face of the cabin 1. First, gently tighten the nut 5 to press the plug 6. Then, use a dial indicator to gently tap the radial micro-motion of the cabin body 1, tighten the nut 7, and fine-tune the tightening torque of the nut 7 to align the outer circumference of the left and right ends of the cabin body 1 after fine turning in steps 2 and 3, control the error within 0.02mm, and complete the clamping; after the outer circumference of the cabin body 1 is fine-turned into place, first remove the two process rings, and then fine-turn the outer circumference of the cabin body 1 in two cuts, with the first cut depth of 60% to 75% of the single-side machining allowance. Loosen the clamp once between the two turnings to release the residual stress and then clamp again for alignment;

[0025] Step 5. After finishing the finishing in step 4, keep the clamping mode unchanged and finish milling the through holes, threaded bottom holes, wire screw sleeve bottom holes and grooves to complete all the milling tasks. At this point, the cabin turning and milling composite processing is completed.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The present invention does not require secondary clamping when switching from turning to milling, and has good datum uniformity;

[0028] 2. The present invention solves the problem of large plastic deformation of the cabin body due to radial force when directly clamping with a three-jaw chuck in the past. Under the action of long and short pull rods, the cabin body and the tooling surface are in contact with uniform axial force, achieving low-stress clamping, which can effectively reduce deformation caused by excessive clamping stress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 , is a schematic structural diagram of the cabin 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 , is one of the schematic diagrams of the cabin body 1 after rough processing of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 , is the second schematic diagram of the cabin body 1 after rough processing of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 , is a schematic structural diagram of the adapter plate 2 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 , is a structural diagram of the pull plate 3 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 , is a schematic structural diagram of the short pull rod 4 of the present invention

[0035] Figure 7 , is a schematic structural diagram of the plug 6 of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 , is a schematic diagram of the decomposition of the state structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 , is one of the schematic diagrams of the processing state of the inner circle of the cabin body 1 according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 10 , is the second schematic diagram of the processing state of the inner circle of the cabin body 1 according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 11 , is an exploded schematic diagram of the tooling for machining the outer circle of the cabin 1 according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 12 , is one of the schematic diagrams of the processing state of the outer circle of the cabin body 1 according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 13 , is the second schematic diagram of the processing state of the outer circle of the cabin body 1 according to the present invention.

[0042] Among them, 1 is the cabin, 2 is the adapter plate, 3 is the pull plate, 4 is the short pull rod, 5 is the long rod, 6 is the plug, 7 is the nut, 11 is the three-jaw chuck of the turning and milling machine tool, 21 is the blind groove, 31 is the pull plate threaded hole, 41 is the pull rod external thread, 42 is the polished rod, 51 is the long pull rod external thread, 52 is the long polished rod, 61 is the plug threaded through hole, 111 is the ring belt, 211 is the center threaded through hole, 222 is the end face threaded through hole, DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The tooling involved in the present invention comprises: a transfer plate, a pull plate, four short pull rods, a long pull rod, a plug and five nuts.

[0044] The adapter plate 2 is a rotating disc structure, the outer diameter of the adapter plate 2 is 1.3 to 1.5 times the outer diameter of the cabin body 1, and the total thickness is 18 to 25 mm; the left side is a plane, and there is a circular blind groove 21 with a depth of 3 to 5 mm in the center of the right side. The diameter of the blind groove 21 is 0.4 to 0.8 mm larger than the diameter of the cabin body 1 after rough processing, and the perpendicularity between the bottom plane of the blind groove 1 and the axis of the adapter plate 2 is controlled within 0.01 mm; there is a central threaded through hole 211 of M8 to M12 in the center of the bottom surface of the blind groove 21 of the adapter plate 2; there are 4 end face threaded through holes 222 with the same specifications as the central threaded through hole 211 of the blind groove 21 evenly distributed on the end face of the adapter plate 2, and the pitch circle diameter of the end face threaded through hole 222 is 40 to 60 mm larger than the outer diameter of the cabin.

[0045] The pulling plate 3 is a circular structure with a thickness of 10 to 15 mm. The outer diameter of the pulling plate 3 is the same as the outer diameter of the adapter plate 2. The inner diameter of the pulling plate 3 is 0.6 to 1 mm larger than the diameter of the cabin 1 after rough processing. Four pulling plate threaded holes 31 of the same diameter are evenly distributed circumferentially on the end face of the pulling plate 3 for the short pull rod 4 to pass through the short pull rod external thread 41. The pitch circle diameter of the pulling plate threaded hole 31 is the same as the pitch circle diameter of the four end face threaded holes 222 evenly distributed circumferentially on the end face of the adapter plate 2. The diameters of the pulling plate threaded hole 31 and the end face threaded hole 222 are 0.5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the short pull rod.

[0046] The short pull rod 4 is a slender rod structure with short pull rod external threads 41 of the same specifications at both ends, and a smooth rod 42 in the middle of the short pull rod 4. The diameter of the smooth rod 42 is the same as the nominal diameter of the short pull rod external thread 41, and the specifications of the short pull rod external thread 41 match the central threaded through hole 211 of the adapter plate 2; the length of the short pull rod external thread 41 at both ends of the short pull rod 4 is 40 to 60 mm, and the total length of the short pull rod 4 is 0.75 to 0.85 times the total length of the cabin.

[0047] The long pull rod 5 is longer than the short pull rod only in the middle long polished rod 52 section, and the other features are the same. The total length of the long pull rod 5 is 40 to 55 mm longer than the total length of the cabin.

[0048] The plug 6 is a disc structure with a thickness of 10 to 15 mm. The outer diameter of the plug 6 is 0.8 to 1.3 mm smaller than the outer diameter of the cabin. There is a plug threaded through hole 61 in the center of the plug 6 for the long pull rod external thread 51 to pass through. The diameter of the plug threaded through hole 61 is 0.5 mm larger than the outer diameter of the long pull rod external thread 51.

[0049] The nut 7 is a common external hexagonal nut, and a standard part can be selected. The nut 7 matches the long pull rod external thread 51 and the short pull rod external thread 41 respectively.

[0050] The three-jaw chuck holds the adapter plate 2 with its reverse jaws, and the side of the adapter plate 2 with the blind groove 21 faces right; the short pull rod external thread 41 at one end of the four short pull rods 4 is screwed to the four end face threaded through holes 222 evenly distributed circumferentially on the end face of the adapter plate 2, and the other end passes through the four pull plate threaded through holes 31 on the pull plate 3 and is screwed to the four nuts 7; the long pull rod external thread 51 at one end of the long pull rod 5 is screwed to the center threaded through hole 211 of the adapter plate 2, and the other end passes through the plug threaded through hole 61 of the plug 6 and is screwed to the nut 7.

[0051] The specific technical implementation plan is as follows:

[0052] The first step: Rough-process the raw material bar or tube of the cabin body 1, flatten the left and right end faces of the cabin body with a single-side allowance of 0.5-1mm, roughly turn the inner and outer circles of the cabin body 1, and roughly mill the groove features of each location, and leave two ring bands 111 on the outer circumference of the cabin body 1. The two ring bands 111 are axially symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides. The distance between the centers of the left and right ring bands 111 and the end faces on both sides of the cabin body 1 is 0.28-0.32 times the total length of the cabin body 1. The width of the ring band is 6-8mm, and the outer diameter of the ring band is 6-10mm larger than the outer diameter of the cabin body.

[0053] The second step: hold the adapter plate 2 with the reverse jaws of the three-jaw chuck of the turning and milling compound machine tool, with the blind groove 21 side of the adapter plate 2 facing right, and screw the short pull rod external thread 41 at one end of the four short pull rods 4 to the four end face threaded through holes 222 uniformly distributed on the end face of the adapter plate 2, then insert one end of the cabin body 1 rough-machined in the first step into the middle blind groove 21 of the adapter plate 2, and insert the pulling plate 3 from the other end of the cabin body 1; the short pull rod external threads 41 at the other end of the four short pull rods 4 pass through the four pulling plate threaded through holes 31 on the pulling plate 3 and are screwed with four nuts 7, the pulling plate 3 contacts the right side of the cabin body 1 close to the right side annular belt 111, first lightly tighten the four nuts 7 to press Pull the disk 3; then use the dial indicator to gently tap the cabin body 1 radially, tighten the four nuts 7 and fine-tune the tightening torque of the four nuts 7 to align the outer circle of the right end of the cabin body 1, with the error controlled within 0.05mm, to complete the clamping; the right end face of the flat cabin body 1 is in place, the inner circumference of the cabin body and the outer circumference of the right part of the cabin body 1 are in place, and the outer circumference starting from the end face of the cabin body 1 is turned for a length of 15 to 30mm as the precise reference for subsequent alignment, and the inner circumference is turned to the limit length as much as possible; the turning is divided into two cuts, and the cutting depth of the first cut is 60% to 75% of the single-side machining allowance. Loosen the clamp once between the two turnings to release the residual stress and then clamp again for alignment.

[0054] Step 3: Unscrew the four nuts 7, remove the pull plate 7, turn the cabin 1 around and clamp it, insert the end of the cabin 1 after fine turning into the blind groove 21 of the adapter plate 2, and insert the pull plate 2 from the other end of the cabin 1; the short pull rod external threads 41 at the right ends of the four short pull rods 4 pass through the four end surface threaded through holes 222 on the pull plate 2 and are screwed with the two nuts 7. The pull plate 2 contacts the right side of the right ring of the cabin 1. First, gently tighten the two nuts 7 to press the pull plate 2; then use a dial indicator to mark the meter. By gently tapping the cabin body 1 radially, tightening the four nuts and fine-tuning the tightening torque of the four nuts 7, the inner circle of the right end of the cabin body 1 is aligned within 0.02mm of the surface, and the clamping is completed; the end face of the other side of the flat cabin body is in place, and the remaining part of the inner circumference of the cabin body 1 and the outer circumference of the same side of the cabin body 1 are precision-turned from the end face. The outer circumference is turned from the end face for a length of 15 to 30mm as the precise reference for subsequent alignment. The turning is divided into two cuts, and the process is the same as the second step.

[0055] Step 4: Unscrew the four nuts 7, remove the pull plate 2 and the four short pull rods 4 and the cabin 1, then screw the long pull rod external thread 51 at one end of the long pull rod 5 to the central threaded through hole 211 of the adapter plate 2, put the cabin 1 that has been turned in the fourth step on one end of the long pull rod 5, and insert it into the blind groove 21 of the adapter plate 2, and the long pull rod external thread 51 at the other end of the long pull rod 5 passes through the plug threaded through hole 61 of the plug 6 and is screwed with the nut 7. The plug 6 is in contact with the right end face of the cabin 1, and first lightly tighten the nut 7 Tighten the plug 6, and then use a dial indicator to gently tap the cabin body 1 to fine-tune the radial motion, tighten the nut 7, and align the tightening torque of the fine-adjusting nut 7 to within 0.02mm of the outer circumference of the left and right ends of the cabin body after fine-turning in the second and third steps, and complete the clamping; fine-turn the outer circumference of the cabin body 1 into place, first remove the two process ring bands and then fine-turn the outer circumference of the cabin body into place in two cuts. The cutting depth of the first cut is 60% to 75% of the single-side machining allowance. Loosen the clamp once between the two turnings to release the residual stress and then clamp again for alignment.

[0056] Step 5: After finishing the fourth step, keep the clamping mode unchanged, and finish mill all the through holes, threaded bottom holes, wire screw sleeve bottom holes and groove milling features. At this point, the cabin turning and milling composite processing is completed.

[0057] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art. However, it should be noted that the purpose of publishing the embodiments is to help further understand the present invention, and various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention and the appended claims. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the contents disclosed in the embodiments, and the scope of protection claimed by the present invention shall be based on the scope defined in the claims.

[0058] A low-stress clamping method and tooling for milling and turning composite machining of a straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin body, the tooling involved includes: an adapter plate 2, a pull plate 3, four short pull rods 4, a long pull rod 5, a plug 6, and five nuts 7.

[0059] Figure 4 The adapter plate 2 shown is a rotating disc structure, the outer diameter of the adapter plate 2 is 1.4 times the outer diameter of the cabin body 1, and the total thickness is 22mm; the left side is a plane, and there is a 4mm deep circular blind groove 21 in the center of the right side. The diameter of the blind groove 21 is 0.5mm larger than the diameter of the cabin body 1 after rough processing, and the perpendicularity between the bottom plane of the blind groove 21 and the axis of the adapter plate 2 is controlled within 0.01mm; there is a central threaded through hole 211 in the center of the bottom surface of the blind groove 21 of the adapter plate 2; four M10-sized end face threaded through holes 222 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the end face of the adapter plate 2, and the pitch circle diameter of the end face threaded through holes 222 is 45mm larger than the outer diameter of the cabin.

[0060] Figure 5 The pull plate 3 shown is a circular ring structure with a thickness of 12mm. Its outer diameter is the same as that of the adapter plate 2 and its inner diameter is 0.8mm larger than the diameter of the cabin body 1 after rough processing. There are four The pull plate threaded through hole 31 has a pitch circle diameter that is the same as the four M10 threaded holes uniformly distributed circumferentially on the end surface of the adapter plate 2;

[0061] Figure 6 The short tie rod 4 shown is a slender rod structure, with M10 short tie rod external threads 41 at both ends and a The length of the short pull rod external thread 41 at both ends of the polished rod 42 is 40 mm, and the total length of the short pull rod 4 is 0.8 times the total length of the cabin; the long pull rod 5 is the middle long polished rod 52 which is longer than the short pull rod 4, and the other features are the same. The total length of the long pull rod 5 is 45 mm longer than the total length of the cabin.

[0062] Figure 7 The plug 6 shown is a disc structure with a thickness of 10 mm. The outer diameter of the plug 6 is 1 mm smaller than the outer diameter of the cabin 1. The nut 7 is a common M10 hexagonal nut.

[0063] The three-jaw chuck holds the adapter plate 2 with its reverse jaws, and one side of the blind groove 21 of the adapter plate 2 faces to the right; the short pull rod external thread 41 at one end of the four short pull rods 4 is screwed to the four end face threaded through holes 222 evenly distributed circumferentially on the end face of the adapter plate 2, and the other ends of the four short pull rods 4 pass through the four pull plate threaded through holes 31 on the pull plate 3 and are screwed to four nuts 7; the long pull rod external thread 51 at one end of the long pull rod 5 is screwed to the center threaded through hole 211 of the adapter plate 2, and the other end of the long pull rod 5 passes through the plug threaded through hole 61 of the plug 6 and is screwed to the nut 7.

[0064] The specific technical implementation plan is as follows:

[0065] like Figures 2 and 3 As shown, the raw material bar or tube of the cabin body 1 is roughly processed, with the left and right end faces flattened with a single-side allowance of 0.6mm, the inner and outer circles of the cabin body are roughly turned, and the groove features are roughly milled. Two ring bands 111 are left on the outer circumference of the cabin body 1. The two ring bands 111 are symmetrically distributed axially. The distance between the centers of the left and right ring bands 111 and the end faces of the two sides of the cabin body 1 is 0.29 times the total length of the cabin body 1. The width of the ring band 111 is 8mm, and the outer diameter of the ring band 111 is 6mm larger than the outer diameter of the cabin body 1.

[0066] Then, if Figures 8 and 9 As shown, the three-jaw chuck of the turning and milling machine tool is clamped with the reverse jaws to hold the adapter plate 2, with the blind groove side of the adapter plate 2 facing right, and the short tie rod external threads 41 at one end of the four short tie rods 4 are screwed to the end surface threaded through holes 222 evenly distributed on the end surface of the adapter plate 2. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, one end of the roughly machined cabin body 1 is inserted into the blind groove 21 of the adapter plate 2, and the pull plate 3 is inserted from the other end of the cabin body 1; the end surface threaded through holes 222 of the other end of the four short pull rods 4 pass through the four pull plate threaded through holes 31 on the pull plate 3 and are screwed with four nuts 7. The pull plate 3 contacts the right side of the cabin body 1 on the right side of the annular band 111. First, gently tighten the four nuts 7 to press the pull plate 3; then use a dial indicator to gently tap the cabin body 1 radially, tighten the four nuts 7 and fine-tune the four The tightening torque of nut 7 is adjusted to align the outer circle of the right end of cabin body 1 within 0.05mm, and the clamping is completed; the right end face of the flat cabin body is in place, and the inner circumference of cabin body 1 and the outer circumference of the right part of cabin body 1 are fine-turned in place. Starting from the end face, the outer circumference is turned to a length of 25 as the precise reference for subsequent alignment, and the inner circumference is turned to the maximum length as much as possible; the turning is divided into two cuts, the first cut has a cutting depth of 0.39mm, and the second cut has a cutting depth of 0.21mm. Loosen the clamp once between the two turnings to release the residual stress and then clamp again for alignment.

[0067] Then, if Figure 10As shown, unscrew the four nuts 7 and remove the pull plate 3, turn the cabin 1 around and clamp it, insert the end of the cabin 1 after fine turning into the blind groove 21 of the adapter plate 2, and insert the pull plate 3 from the other end of the cabin 1; the short pull rod external threads 41 at the right ends of the four short pull rods 4 pass through the four pull disc threaded through holes 31 on the pull disc 3 and are screwed with the four nuts 7. The pull disc 3 contacts the right side of the cabin 1 near the right side of the annular band 111, first lightly tighten the four nuts 7 to press the pull disc; then use a dial indicator to gently tap the cabin 1 radially to fine-tune and tighten The four nuts 7 are tightened and the tightening torque of the four nuts 7 is fine-tuned. The inner circle of the right end of the cabin body is aligned within 0.02mm, and the clamping is completed. The end face of the other side of the flat cabin body is in place, and the remaining part of the inner circumference of the cabin body 1 and the outer circumference of the same side of the cabin body 1 are aligned. The outer circumference is turned 25mm from the end face as the precise reference for subsequent alignment. The turning is divided into two cuts. The cutting depth of the first cut is 0.39mm, and the cutting depth of the second cut is 0.21mm. Loosen the clamp once between the two turnings to release the residual stress and then clamp again for alignment.

[0068] Then, if Figures 11 and 12 As shown, unscrew the four nuts 7, remove the pull plate 2, the four short pull rods 4 and the cabin body 1, and then screw the long pull rod external thread 51 at one end of the long pull rod 5 to the central threaded through hole 211 of the adapter plate 2, and put the cabin body 1 that has completed the fourth step of turning on one end of the long pull rod 5 and insert it into the blind groove 21 of the adapter plate 2, and the other long pull rod external thread 51 of the long pull rod 5 passes through the plug threaded through hole 61 of the plug 6 and is screwed with the nut 7. The plug 6 is in contact with the right end face of the cabin body 1. First, gently tighten the nut 7 to press the plug, and then Then, a dial indicator is used to gently tap the radial micro-motion of the cabin body 1, tighten the nut 7, and fine-tune the tightening torque of the nut 7, so as to align the outer circumference of the left and right ends of the cabin body 1 after fine turning within 0.02mm, and complete the clamping; the outer circumference of the cabin body 1 is fine-turned into place, first remove the two process ring bands 111 and then fine-turn the outer circumference of the cabin body into place in two cuts, the cutting depth of the first cut is 0.39mm, and the cutting depth of the second cut is 0.21mm. Loosen the clamp once between the two turnings to release the residual stress, and then align again and tighten the nut 7.

[0069] Finally, if Figure 13 As shown, after the fine turning is completed, the clamping mode is kept unchanged, and all through holes, threaded bottom holes, wire screw sleeve bottom holes, and groove milling features are fine milled. At this point, the turning and milling composite processing of the cabin body 1 is completed.

Claims

1. A low-stress clamping tool for milling and turning of a straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin, used for clamping the cabin (1), characterized in that: It comprises an adapter plate (2), a pull plate (3), a plurality of short pull rods (4), a long pull rod (5), a plug (6) and a plurality of nuts (7); The adapter plate (2) is a rotating disc-shaped structure, the outer diameter of the adapter plate (2) is larger than the outer diameter of the cabin body (1), the left side of the adapter plate (2) is a plane, and a circular blind groove (21) is provided at the center of the right side, and the diameter of the blind groove (21) is slightly larger than the diameter of the cabin body after rough processing; a central threaded through hole (211) is provided at the center of the bottom surface of the blind groove (21); a plurality of end face threaded through holes (222) are uniformly distributed circumferentially on the end face of the adapter plate (2), and the pitch circle diameter of the end face threaded through holes (222) is larger than the outer diameter of the cabin body (1); The pulling plate (3) is a circular ring structure, the outer diameter of the pulling plate (3) is the same as the outer diameter of the adapter plate (2), and the inner diameter is larger than the diameter of the cabin (1) after rough processing; a plurality of pulling plate threaded holes (31) are uniformly distributed on the end surface of the pulling plate (3), the number of the plurality of pulling plate threaded holes (31) is the same as the number of the end surface threaded through holes (222) of the adapter plate (2), and the pitch circle diameter of the pulling plate threaded holes (31) is the same as the pitch circle diameter of the end surface threaded through holes (222); The short pull rod (4) is a slender rod structure, with short pull rod external threads (41) at both ends of the short pull rod (4), a smooth rod (42) in the middle of the short pull rod (4), and the short pull rod external threads (41) matching the end surface threaded through hole (222) of the adapter plate (2) and the pull plate threaded hole (31); the length of the short pull rod (4) is less than the total length of the cabin (1); The length of the long pull rod (5) is greater than the total length of the cabin (1); both ends of the long pull rod (5) are provided with long pull rod external threads (51); the long pull rod external threads (51) match the central threaded through hole (211) of the adapter plate (2); The plug (6) is a disc structure, and the outer diameter of the plug (6) is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the cabin (1). The plug (6) is placed inside one end of the cabin (1) and is clearance-matched with the cabin (1). A plug threaded through hole (61) is provided at the center of the plug (6), and the plug threaded through hole (61) matches the long pull rod external thread (51) of the long pull rod (5). The nut (7) is a common external hexagonal nut, and the nut (7) matches the external thread of the short pull rod (41) and the external thread of the long pull rod (51) respectively; During rough processing of the cabin body (1), two ring belts (111) are left on the outer wall of the cabin body (1); the two ring belts (111) are distributed in the middle of the outer wall of the cabin body (1), and the two ring belts (111) are spaced apart by a set distance; When in use, the three-jaw chuck holds the adapter plate (2) with its reverse jaws, and the blind groove (21) of the adapter plate (2) faces rightward; when the interior of the cabin (1) needs to be processed, the short pull rod external threads (41) at one end of the plurality of short pull rods (4) are screwed together with the plurality of end surface threaded through holes (222) uniformly distributed circumferentially on the end surface of the adapter plate (2) and the nut (7); then one end of the cabin (1) is inserted into the blind groove (21) of the adapter plate (2), the pull plate (3) is put on the cabin (1), and the other ends of the plurality of short pull rods (4) are passed through the plurality of pull plate threaded holes (31) on the pull plate (3) and screwed together with the nut (7); the pull plate (3) is pressed tightly against an annular belt (111); When the exterior of the cabin (1) needs to be processed, multiple short pull rods (4) and the pull plate (3) are removed, the long pull rod external thread (51) at one end of the long pull rod (5) is screwed to the central threaded through hole (211) of the adapter plate (2), and the other end passes through the plug threaded through hole (61) at the center of the plug (6) and is screwed to the nut, and the plug (6) is fixed inside the right end of the cabin (1).

2. The low-stress clamping tool for milling and turning composite machining of a straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The number of the plurality of end surface threaded through holes (222) and the number of the plurality of pull plate threaded holes (31) are both four, so the number of the short pull rods (4) is also four.

3. The low-stress clamping tool for milling and turning composite machining of a straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the adapter plate (2) is 1.3 to 1.5 times the outer diameter of the cabin body (1); the total thickness of the adapter plate (2) is 18 to 25 mm; the left side of the adapter plate (2) is a plane, and there is a circular blind groove (21) with a depth of 3 to 5 mm in the center of the right side. The diameter of the blind groove (21) is 0.4 to 0.8 mm larger than the diameter of the cabin body (1) after rough processing, and the verticality between the bottom plane of the blind groove (21) and the axis of the adapter plate (2) is controlled within 0.01 mm.

4. The low-stress clamping tool for turning and milling composite machining of a straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The pull plate (3) is a circular ring structure with a thickness of 10 to 15 mm. The outer diameter of the pull plate (3) is the same as the outer diameter of the adapter plate (2), and the inner diameter of the pull plate (3) is 0.6 to 1 mm larger than the diameter of the cabin (1) after rough processing.

5. The low-stress clamping tool for turning and milling composite machining of a straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The length of the short pull rod external threads (41) at both ends of the short pull rod (4) is between 40 and 60 mm, and the total length of the short pull rod (4) is 0.75 to 0.85 times the total length of the cabin (1).

6. The low-stress clamping tool for milling and turning composite machining of a straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The plug (6) has a thickness of 10 to 15 mm, and its outer diameter is 0.8 to 1.3 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the cabin (1); the length of the long pull rod (5) is 40 to 55 mm longer than the total length of the cabin.

7. A method for performing milling-turning composite machining of a straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin body using the low-stress clamping fixture for milling-turning composite machining of a straight cylindrical thin-walled cabin body according to claim 2, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1: Rough-process the raw material tube of the cabin body (1), flatten the left and right end faces of the cabin body (1) with a single-side allowance of 0.5-1mm, roughly turn the inner and outer circles of the cabin body, roughly mill the groove features, and leave two ring bands (111) on the outer circumference of the cabin body, and the two ring bands (111) are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the axial direction; The distances between the centers of the left and right annular belts (111) and the end surfaces of both sides of the cabin body are 0.28 to 0.32 times the total length of the cabin body, the width of the annular belts is 6 to 8 mm, and the outer diameter of the annular belts is 6 to 10 mm larger than the outer diameter of the cabin body; Step 2: Hold the adapter plate (2) with the reverse claws of the three-jaw chuck (11) of the turning and milling compound machine tool, with one side of the blind groove (21) of the adapter plate (2) facing right, and screw the short pull rod external threads (41) at one end of the four short pull rods (4) to the four end surface threaded through holes (222) uniformly distributed on the end surface of the adapter plate (2), and then insert one end of the cabin body (1) rough-machined in step 1 into the blind groove (21) of the adapter plate (2), and insert the pull plate (3) from the other end of the cabin body (1); the short pull rod external threads (41) at the other end of the four short pull rods (4) pass through the four through holes on the pull plate (3) and are screwed to four nuts, and the pull plate (3) contacts the right side of the cabin body (1) close to the right side ring belt (111). , first lightly tighten the four nuts (7) to compress the pull plate (3); then align the outer circle of the right end of the cabin body by lightly tapping the cabin body (1) radially, tightening the four nuts (7) and fine-tuning the tightening torque of the four nuts (7), and the error is controlled within 0.05mm to complete the clamping; the right end face of the cabin body (1) is in place, and the inner circumference of the cabin body (1) and the outer circumference of the right part of the cabin body (1) are in place, and the outer circumference is turned from the end face for a length of 15 to 30mm as a precision reference for subsequent alignment; the inner circumference is turned to the maximum length as much as possible; the turning is divided into two cuts, and the cutting depth of the first cut is 60% to 75% of the single-side machining allowance. The clamping is loosened once in the middle of the two turnings to release the residual stress and then clamped again for alignment; Step 3, unscrew the four nuts (7), remove the pull plate (3), turn the cabin (1) around and clamp it, insert the end of the cabin (1) after fine turning into the blind groove (21) of the adapter plate (2), and insert the pull plate (3) from the other end of the cabin (1); the short pull rod external thread (41) at the right end of the four short pull rods (4) passes through the four pull plate threaded holes (31) on the pull plate (3) and then screws them with the four nuts (7). The pull plate (3) contacts the right side of the cabin (1) near the right side ring belt (111), first lightly tighten the four nuts (7) to press the pull plate ( 3); Then, use a dial indicator to gently tap the radial micro-motion of the cabin body, tighten the four nuts (7) and fine-tune the tightening torque of the four nuts (7), align the inner circle of the right end of the cabin body (1) to within 0.02mm of the surface, and complete the clamping; the other side end face of the flat cabin body (1) is in place, and the remaining part of the inner circumference of the cabin body (1) and the outer circumference of the same side part of the cabin body (1) are in place from the end face, and the outer circumference is turned from the end face to a length of 15 to 30mm as the subsequent alignment precision reference, and the turning is divided into two cuts, and the process is the same as step 2; Step 4. Unscrew the four nuts (7), remove the pull plate (3) and the four short pull rods (4) and the cabin (1), then screw the long pull rod external thread (51) at one end of the long pull rod (5) to the central threaded through hole (211) of the adapter plate (2), put the cabin (1) with the completed inner circle turning on one end of the long pull rod (5), insert it into the blind groove (21) of the adapter plate (2), and the long pull rod external thread (51) at the other end of the long pull rod (5) passes through the plug threaded through hole (61) in the center of the plug (6) and screws it with the nut (7). The plug (6) is in contact with the right end face of the cabin (1), and lightly tighten it first. The nut (7) is pressed against the plug (6), and then a dial indicator is used to tap the cabin (1) radially to fine-tune the nut (7) and the tightening torque of the nut (7) by lightly tapping the cabin (1), aligning the outer circumference of the left and right ends of the cabin (1) after fine turning in step 2 and step 3, controlling the error within 0.02mm, and completing the clamping; after the outer circumference of the cabin (1) is fine-turned to the right, first remove the two process ring bands (111), and then fine-turn the outer circumference of the cabin (1) in two cuts, with the first cut depth being 60% to 75% of the single-side machining allowance, and loosening the clamp once in the middle of the two turnings to release the residual stress and then clamping again for alignment; Step 5. After finishing the finishing in step 4, keep the clamping mode unchanged and finish milling the through holes, threaded bottom holes, wire screw sleeve bottom holes and grooves to complete all the milling tasks. At this point, the cabin turning and milling composite processing is completed.

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