An ecological slope protection structure and construction method for reinforcing saline soil slope by using soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide pile

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of saline soil slope protection, and relates to an ecological slope protection structure of soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide pile combined reinforcement of saline soil slope and a construction method thereof. The ecological slope protection structure comprises a vegetation layer, a soybean enzyme solidified coarse particle layer, a vegetation base layer, a soybean enzyme solidified fine particle layer, a gravel layer, an anti-slide pile and a saline soil slope body. The anti-slide pile passes through the soybean enzyme solidified coarse particle layer, the vegetation base layer and the soybean enzyme solidified fine particle layer from top to bottom in sequence, and is longitudinally embedded in the bearing layer of the saline soil slope body. The vegetation layer is formed by sowing plant seeds on the surface of the soybean enzyme solidified coarse particle layer and the growth of the plant seeds in the vegetation base layer. The anti-slide pile is nested with each soil layer, and is supplemented by the anchoring effect of the vegetation roots to form an overall frame structure slope protection system. The present application provides a saline soil slope ecological slope protection structure with reasonable structural mechanical properties, good integrity, impermeability, salt isolation capacity and conformity with the ecological development concept.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of saline soil slope protection technology, and relates to a saline soil slope protection system and reinforcement method, especially to an ecological slope protection structure and construction method for combined reinforcement of saline soil slopes using soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide piles. Background Technology

[0002] Saline soils are widely distributed in arid, semi-arid, and coastal areas of inland my country, with a total area exceeding 1.4 billion mu (approximately 93 million hectares). Saline soils are highly susceptible to external environmental influences; changes in these factors (such as moisture content and temperature) can easily lead to the migration of water and salt within the soil, adversely affecting engineering construction and the ecological environment of the region. On the one hand, the accumulation, dehydration, and hygroscopic moisture absorption of soluble salt crystals in saline soils can destroy the original stable structure of the soil, causing subsidence, siltation, and even collapse. On the other hand, the high salt content of saline soils can easily lead to slow plant growth or even plant death, resulting in soil degradation.

[0003] Due to the aforementioned adverse characteristics of saline soil, related slope engineering projects are often threatened by engineering diseases such as subsidence, salt-frost heave, and dissolution. Furthermore, ecological slope protection is difficult to carry out due to its unfavorable effect on plant growth, or the ecological slope protection effect is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an ecological slope protection structure and construction method for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzymes, vegetation, and anti-slide piles, which offers excellent salt isolation and seepage prevention performance as well as good ecological protection effects.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] An ecological slope protection structure for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide piles is characterized in that: the ecological slope protection structure for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide piles includes a vegetation layer, a soybean enzyme-stabilized coarse-grained layer, a vegetated base layer, a soybean enzyme-stabilized fine-grained layer, a gravel layer, anti-slide piles, and the saline soil slope body; the anti-slide piles pass through the soybean enzyme-stabilized coarse-grained layer, the vegetated base layer, the soybean enzyme-stabilized fine-grained layer, and the gravel layer from top to bottom, and are longitudinally embedded in the bearing layer of the saline soil slope body.

[0007] Preferably, the vegetation layer used in this invention is a vegetation layer formed by the growth of plant seeds sown on the surface of the soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer and plant seeds mixed in the nutrient soil of the vegetation base layer. The plant seeds can be ryegrass, broadleaf paspalum, white clover and / or tall fescue.

[0008] Preferably, the soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer used in this invention is a coarse-grained layer that has been sprayed with soybean enzyme treatment solution 3 to 5 times; the coarse-grained layer is made of coarse sand with a particle size of 2 mm to 4.75 mm; and the thickness of the coarse-grained layer is 3 cm to 5 cm.

[0009] Preferably, the vegetation base layer used in this invention consists of geocells and nutrient soil filling the geocells; the thickness of the vegetation base layer is 3cm to 5cm.

[0010] Preferably, the soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer used in this invention is a fine-grained layer that has been treated with soybean enzyme treatment solution sprayed 5 to 10 times; the fine-grained layer includes geotextile and fine sand; the thickness of the fine-grained layer is 5 cm to 10 cm; the geotextile is laid on the surface of the gravel layer; the fine sand has a particle size of less than 0.15 mm and is laid on top of the geotextile.

[0011] Preferably, the crushed stone layer used in this invention consists of geocells and crushed stone filling the geocells; the thickness of the crushed stone layer is 5cm to 10cm; and the particle size of the crushed stone is 20mm to 75mm.

[0012] Preferably, the anti-slide piles used in this invention are miniature reinforced concrete piles with a diameter of 10cm to 30cm, arranged in a quincunx pattern, with a spacing of 2.0m to 3.0m between adjacent anti-slide piles.

[0013] Preferably, the soybean enzyme treatment solution used in this invention is prepared by mixing soybean enzyme solution and gelling solution in a volume ratio of 3:1 to 4:1; the gelling solution contains calcium chloride and urea at equimolar concentrations, both of which have a molar concentration of 2.5M to 3.0M (the molar concentration unit M is an abbreviation for mol / L, the same below, and will not be elaborated further).

[0014] Preferably, the soybean enzyme solution used in this invention is extracted through the following steps:

[0015] Step 1): Grind the soybeans into powder and pass them through a 100-mesh steel sieve to obtain soybean powder;

[0016] Step 2): Weigh soybean powder according to the solid-liquid ratio (mass:volume) 1g:10mL and add it to tap water containing 2.5g / L~5g / L CaSO4·2H2O. Stir for 30min~1h and let stand for 12~24h.

[0017] Step 3): Take the supernatant, which is the soybean enzyme solution.

[0018] A construction method for an ecological slope protection structure combining soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide piles to reinforce saline soil slopes, characterized in that the construction method includes the following steps:

[0019] 1) Construction preparation: including surveying and setting out, material preparation, and site leveling;

[0020] 2) Construction of anti-slide piles: Anti-slide piles are driven longitudinally into the bearing layer of the saline soil slope on the surface of the slope.

[0021] 3) Construction of the crushed stone layer: Geocells are laid on the surface of the saline soil, and crushed stone is filled into the geocells to the specified elevation;

[0022] 4) Construction of soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer: A layer of geotextile is laid on the surface of the crushed stone layer, and fine sand is filled on the geotextile to the elevation to form a fine-grained layer. Then, a soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared on site by mixing cementing liquid and soybean enzyme solution. The soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed evenly on the fine-grained layer once every 24 hours for a total of 5 to 10 treatments to solidify and form a soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer.

[0023] 5) Construction of the vegetation base layer: Geocells are laid on the surface of the soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer, and nutrient soil is filled into the geocells to the elevation. The nutrient soil contains one or more of the following plant seeds: ryegrass, broadleaf paspalum, white clover, and tall fescue.

[0024] 6) Construction of soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer: Fill the surface of the vegetation base layer with coarse sand to the elevation to form a coarse-grained layer. Then, mix the cementing liquid and soybean enzyme solution on site to prepare soybean enzyme treatment solution. Spray the coarse-grained layer with the soybean enzyme treatment solution every 24 hours for 3 to 5 times to cure and form a soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer.

[0025] 7) Vegetation layer construction: Plant seeds are sown on the surface of the soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer, and nutrient solution is sprayed regularly until a vegetation layer is formed. The vegetation layer is formed by the growth of plant seeds sown on the surface of the soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer and plant seeds mixed in the nutrient soil of the vegetation base layer. The plant seeds can be one or more of the following: ryegrass, broadleaf paspalum, white clover, and tall fescue.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects and advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] This invention provides an ecological slope protection structure and construction method for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide piles. The basic principle of soil solidification using soybean enzyme treatment solution is to hydrolyze urea (CO(NH2)2) with soybean enzyme solution crudely extracted from soybeans to obtain carbonate ions. (As shown in Equation 1), when calcium ions (Ca) are introduced... 2+ Under certain conditions, calcium carbonate crystals (CaCO3) with cementing properties are induced to deposit in the soil, cementing the loose soil and rock mass into a whole, thereby improving the engineering properties of the soil and rock mass.

[0028]

[0029]

[0030] This invention achieves the following: 1) By laying a layer of crushed stone on the slope surface of saline soil, the upward migration of water in the saline soil via capillary action is cut off, effectively blocking the upward migration of salt in the saline soil and providing a good salt-blocking effect; 2) Soybean enzyme treatment solution is used to solidify the crushed stone layer to form a layer with extremely low permeability (less than 1×10⁻⁶). -9A soybean enzyme-solidified fine-grained layer (cm / s) can block surface water infiltration, thus preventing saline soil from settling, siltation, or even collapse due to salt dissolution and migration. It can also further block the upward migration of salt in the saline soil. 3) A coarse-grained layer is laid on the surface of the vegetation base and treated with soybean enzyme solution to form a soybean enzyme-solidified coarse-grained layer with abundant pores, good integrity, and high strength. On the one hand, the abundant pores of the soybean enzyme-solidified coarse-grained layer are beneficial to the growth of plant roots in the vegetation layer and plant seeds in the vegetation base. On the other hand, the good integrity and high strength of the soybean enzyme-solidified coarse-grained layer can... It provides a stable foundation for plant growth and can effectively improve the erosion resistance of the slope surface; 4) The anti-slide piles, soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer, and soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer are structurally interlocked, with the soybean enzyme-cured layer acting as a crossbeam. Combined with the treatment of soybean enzyme solution, the anti-slide piles are connected into a whole, forming a relatively stable frame structure, which can further improve the stability of saline-alkali soil slopes; 5) The intertwined roots of the vegetation can form a three-dimensional network structure, connecting the vegetation base layer and the soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer into a three-dimensional slope protection structure, which can further improve the strength and stability of the slope protection structure; 6) Planting The plant and its root system constitute a low-energy, lightweight three-dimensional network. Furthermore, the coarse and fine-grained layers treated with soybean enzymes have low self-weight. Using micro-reinforced concrete piles as anti-slide piles, compared to existing slope protection structures, the structure of this invention has a lower self-weight, effectively reducing the pressure on saline soil slopes. This makes the slope protection structure a low-weight, low-energy three-dimensional whole, effectively reducing the possibility of landslides caused by the large weight of the slope structure itself. 7) This invention directly utilizes soybean enzyme treatment solution extracted from soybeans to reinforce sandy soil. First, soybean enzyme is a protein molecule, without life activity, and does not grow or reproduce. Its size (approximately 12 nm) is much smaller than that of bacteria (0.5–3 μm). Therefore, compared to the MIP technology based on urease-producing bacteria, the bio-stabilization technology based on soybean enzymes does not pose biosafety risks, does not require consideration of aerobic conditions, and is more suitable for treating fine-grained soils. Secondly, using soybean enzyme treatment solution to reinforce sandy soil does not involve high energy consumption or environmental pollution. The operation is simple, and the materials used to prepare the soybean enzyme treatment solution are readily available and inexpensive. Furthermore, the organic matter and urea carried in the soybean enzyme treatment solution can promote vegetation growth. Therefore, this technology also has advantages such as low cost, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Clearly, the ecological slope protection structure and construction method for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide pile combination provided by this invention have good economic, environmental, and social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the ecological slope protection structure for the combined reinforcement of saline soil slopes by soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide piles provided by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a simplified cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional network structure of the ecological slope protection structure for combined reinforcement of saline soil slopes using soybean enzymes, vegetation, and anti-slide piles provided by this invention.

[0033] Figure 3 These are before-and-after comparison images of coarse-grained sand treated with soybean enzyme solution.

[0034] Figure 4 These are before-and-after comparison images of fine-grained sand treated with soybean enzyme solution.

[0035] in:

[0036] 1-Saline soil slope body; 2-Vegetation layer; 3-Soybean enzyme-stabilized coarse-grained layer; 4-Vegetated base layer; 5-Soybean enzyme-stabilized fine-grained layer; 6-Gravel layer; 7-Anti-slide pile; 8-Plant root network. Detailed Implementation

[0037] See Figure 1 This invention discloses an ecological slope protection structure for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide piles. This structure comprises a vegetation layer 2, a soybean enzyme-stabilized coarse-grained layer 3, a vegetated base layer 4, a soybean enzyme-stabilized fine-grained layer 5, a gravel layer 6, anti-slide piles 7, and the saline soil slope body 1. The anti-slide piles 7 pass sequentially from top to bottom through the soybean enzyme-stabilized coarse-grained layer 3, the vegetated base layer 4, the soybean enzyme-stabilized fine-grained layer 5, and the gravel layer 6, and are longitudinally embedded into the saline soil slope body. In the bearing layer of body 1, the anti-slide piles 7 are perpendicular to the slope surface (i.e., upper surface) of the saline soil slope body 1; the anti-slide piles 1 are arranged in a quincunx pattern; the vegetation layer 2 is formed by the growth of plant seeds mixed with plant seeds sown on the surface of the soybean enzyme-fixed coarse-grained layer 3 and the nutrient soil of the vegetation base layer 4. The plant seeds can be one or more of the following: ryegrass, broadleaf paspalum, white clover, and tall fescue; the anti-slide piles 7 are nested with each soil layer, and the anchoring effect of the vegetation roots forms an overall frame structure slope protection system.

[0038] The soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer 3 used in this invention is a coarse-grained layer that has been sprayed with soybean enzyme treatment solution 3 to 5 times; the coarse-grained layer is made of coarse sand with a particle size of 2 mm to 4.75 mm; the thickness of the coarse-grained layer is 3 cm to 5 cm.

[0039] The vegetation base layer 4 used in this invention consists of geocells and nutrient soil filling the geocells; the thickness of the vegetation base layer 4 is 3cm to 5cm.

[0040] The soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer 5 used in this invention is a fine-grained layer that has been sprayed with soybean enzyme treatment solution 5 to 10 times; the fine-grained layer includes geotextile and fine sand; the thickness of the fine-grained layer is 5 cm to 10 cm; the geotextile is laid on the surface of the gravel layer; the fine sand has a particle size of less than 0.15 mm and is laid on top of the geotextile.

[0041] The crushed stone layer 6 used in this invention consists of geocells and crushed stone filling the geocells; the thickness of the crushed stone layer 6 is 5cm to 10cm; and the particle size of the crushed stone is 20mm to 75mm.

[0042] The anti-slide piles 7 used in this invention are miniature reinforced concrete piles with a diameter of 10cm to 30cm, arranged in a quincunx pattern, with a spacing of 2.0m to 3.0m between adjacent anti-slide piles.

[0043] The soybean enzyme treatment solution used in this invention is prepared by mixing soybean enzyme solution and cementing solution in a volume ratio of 3:1 to 4:1; the cementing solution contains calcium chloride and urea at equimolar concentrations, both of which have a molar concentration of 2.5M to 3.0M.

[0044] The soybean enzyme solution used in this invention is extracted through the following steps:

[0045] Step 1): Grind the soybeans into powder and pass them through a 100-mesh steel sieve to obtain soybean powder;

[0046] Step 2): Weigh soybean powder according to the solid-liquid ratio (mass:volume) 1g:10mL and add it to tap water containing 2.5g / L~5g / L CaSO4·2H2O (for convenience, the concentration is directly calculated based on the added raw material CaSO4·2H2O, the same below, and will not be repeated). Stir for 30min~1h and then let it stand for 12~24h.

[0047] Step 3): Take the supernatant, which is the soybean enzyme solution.

[0048] This invention provides an ecological slope protection structure for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzymes, vegetation, and anti-slide piles. It also discloses a construction method for this ecological slope protection structure, which includes the following steps:

[0049] 1) Construction preparation: including surveying and setting out, material preparation, and site leveling;

[0050] 2) Construction of anti-slide piles: Anti-slide piles 7 are driven longitudinally into the bearing layer of the slope body 1 of the saline soil slope body 1. The anti-slide piles 7 are perpendicular to the slope surface of the saline soil slope body 1.

[0051] 3) Construction of the crushed stone layer: Geocells are laid on the surface of the saline soil slope body 1, and crushed stone is filled in the geocells to the elevation to form the crushed stone layer 6.

[0052] 4) Construction of soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer: A layer of geotextile is laid on the surface of the crushed stone layer 6, and fine sand is filled on the geotextile to the elevation to form a fine-grained layer. Then, a soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared on site by mixing cementing liquid and soybean enzyme solution. The soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed on the fine-grained layer every 24 hours for 5 to 10 times to solidify and form soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer 5.

[0053] 5) Construction of the vegetated base layer: Geocells are laid on the surface of the soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer 5, and nutrient soil is filled into the geocells to the elevation. The nutrient soil contains one or more of the seeds of ryegrass, broadleaf paspalum, white clover, and tall fescue to form the vegetated base layer 4.

[0054] 6) Construction of soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer: Coarse particles are filled to the elevation on the surface of the vegetation base layer 4 to form a coarse-grained layer. Then, a soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared on-site by mixing cementing liquid and soybean enzyme solution. The soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed on the coarse-grained layer every 24 hours for 3 to 5 times to solidify and form soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer 3.

[0055] 7) Vegetation layer construction: Plant seeds are sown on the surface of soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer 3, and nutrient solution is sprayed regularly until vegetation layer 2 is formed. The vegetation layer is formed by the growth of plant seeds sown on the surface of soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer and plant seeds mixed in the nutrient soil of the vegetation base layer. The plant seeds can be one or more of the following: ryegrass, broadleaf paspalum, white clover, and tall fescue.

[0056] The following specific embodiments further illustrate the ecological slope protection structure and construction method of the soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide pile combined reinforcement of saline soil slopes described in this invention.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] like Figure 1 An ecological slope protection structure for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide piles is disclosed. The structure comprises a vegetation layer 2, a soybean enzyme-stabilized coarse-grained layer 3, a vegetated base layer 4, a soybean enzyme-stabilized fine-grained layer 5, a gravel layer 6, anti-slide piles 7, and the saline soil slope body 1. The anti-slide piles 7 pass sequentially from top to bottom through the soybean enzyme-stabilized coarse-grained layer 3, the vegetated base layer 4, the soybean enzyme-stabilized fine-grained layer 5, and the gravel layer 6, and are longitudinally embedded in the bearing layer of the saline soil slope body 1. The anti-slide piles 7 are perpendicular to the slope surface of the saline soil slope body 1. The anti-slide piles 7 are arranged in a quincunx pattern. The vegetation layer 2 is formed by the growth of plant seeds sown on the surface of the soybean enzyme-stabilized coarse-grained layer 3 and plant seeds mixed with nutrient soil in the vegetated base layer 4. The anti-slide piles 7 are nested within each soil layer, and the anchoring effect of the vegetation roots forms an overall frame structure slope protection system.

[0059] The soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer 3 is a coarse-grained layer treated five times with soybean enzyme treatment solution. It consists of coarse sand with a particle size of 2.36–4.75 mm and a thickness of 5 cm. The vegetated base layer 4 consists of geocells and nutrient soil filling the geocells. The nutrient soil contains ryegrass seeds. The vegetated base layer 4 is 3 cm thick. The soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer 5 is a fine-grained layer treated five times with soybean enzyme treatment solution. It includes geotextile and fine sand with a particle size less than 0.15 mm and a thickness of 10 cm. The geotextile is laid on the surface of the gravel layer 6, and the fine-grained layer is laid on top of the geotextile. The gravel layer 6 consists of geocells and gravel filling the geocells. The gravel layer 6 is 10 cm thick, and the gravel has a particle size of 20–75 mm. Anti-slide pile 7 consists of miniature reinforced concrete piles, each 10cm in diameter, arranged in a quincunx pattern with a spacing of 2.0m between adjacent piles. The soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared by mixing soybean enzyme solution and cementing solution at a volume ratio of 3:1. The cementing solution contains equimolar concentrations of calcium chloride and urea, both at a molar concentration of 2.5M.

[0060] The soybean enzyme solution used in this invention is extracted through the following steps:

[0061] Step 1): Grind the soybeans into powder and pass them through a 100-mesh steel sieve to obtain soybean powder;

[0062] Step 2): Weigh soybean powder according to the solid-liquid ratio (mass:volume) 1g:10mL and add it to tap water containing 2.5g / L CaSO4·2H2O. Stir for 30min and let stand for 24h.

[0063] Step 3): Take the supernatant, which is the soybean enzyme solution.

[0064] The construction method of the ecological slope protection structure for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzymes, vegetation, and anti-slide piles provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0065] 1) Construction preparation: including surveying and setting out, material preparation, and site leveling;

[0066] 2) Construction of anti-slide piles: Anti-slide piles 7 are driven longitudinally into the bearing layer of the saline soil slope body 1 on the surface of the saline soil slope body 1. The anti-slide piles 7 are perpendicular to the slope surface of the saline soil slope body 1.

[0067] 3) Construction of the crushed stone layer: Geocells are laid on the surface of the saline soil slope body 1, and crushed stone is filled in the geocells to the elevation to form the crushed stone layer 6.

[0068] 4) Construction of soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer: A layer of geotextile is laid on the surface of the crushed stone layer 6, and fine sand is filled on the geotextile to the elevation to form a fine-grained layer. Then, a soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared on site by mixing cementing liquid and soybean enzyme solution. The soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed on the fine-grained layer every 24 hours for a total of 5 treatments to solidify and form soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer 5.

[0069] 5) Construction of the vegetated base layer: Geocells are laid on the surface of the soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer 5, and nutrient soil is filled into the geocells to the elevation to form the vegetated base layer 4. The nutrient soil contains ryegrass seeds.

[0070] 6) Construction of soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer: Coarse sand is filled on the surface of the vegetation base layer 4 to the elevation to form a coarse-grained layer. Then, a soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared on site by mixing cementing liquid and soybean enzyme solution. The soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed on the coarse-grained layer once every 24 hours for a total of 5 treatments to solidify and form soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer 3.

[0071] 7) Vegetation layer construction: Sow ryegrass seeds on the surface of soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer 3, and spray nutrient solution regularly until vegetation layer 2 is formed. The vegetation layer is formed by the growth of ryegrass seeds sown on the surface of soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer and ryegrass seeds mixed in the nutrient soil of the vegetation base layer.

[0072] The actual implementation objects in this embodiment are the soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer 3 and the soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer 5. The soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer 3 is a coarse-grained layer treated five times with soybean enzyme treatment solution, and is laid with coarse sand with a particle size of 2.36–4.75 mm, with a thickness of 5 cm. The soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer 5 is a fine-grained layer treated five times with soybean enzyme treatment solution, comprising geotextile and fine sand, with the fine sand particle size less than 0.15 mm, and a thickness of 10 cm. The geotextile is laid on the surface of the crushed stone layer 6, and the fine-grained layer is laid on top of the geotextile. The key to the soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer 3 is its certain strength and relatively abundant porosity, while the key to the soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer 5 is its extremely low permeability.

[0073] Soybean enzyme treatment solution was used to treat coarse-grained sand samples (particle size range 2.36–4.75 mm, unconfined compressive strength 0, permeability coefficient approximately 3.75 × 10⁻⁶) in a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 10 cm. -1 After 5 treatments (cm / s), as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the loose coarse sand particles are cemented together into a whole (unconfined compressive strength of approximately 95.75 kPa), but still possess good permeability (permeability coefficient of 3.41 × 10⁻⁶). -1The concentration of soybean enzyme in coarse sand samples (cm / s) indicates that the treated samples still possess relatively abundant porosity, providing conditions for the growth of plant roots in the vegetation layer. Cylindrical samples (5cm in diameter and 10cm in height) prepared from fine sand with a particle size less than 0.15mm were treated five times with soybean enzyme solution. Figure 4 As shown, the loose, powdery particles agglomerated into a whole, and the permeability of the sample decreased from the initial 5.98 × 10⁻⁶ before treatment. -1 The permeability (cm / s) decreased to approximately 8.94 × 10⁻⁶ after treatment. -7 cm / s, meeting the engineering seepage prevention requirements (in engineering, a permeability coefficient of 10 is often used). -9 ~10 -7 The study used homogeneous clay with a density of cm / s as an impermeable material, indicating that the soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained sand sample had extremely poor permeability after treatment, almost equivalent to an impermeable material. In the above experiment, the permeability coefficient was measured by a constant head permeability test, and the unconfined compressive strength was measured by a force-controlled loading frame (purchased from Xi'an Kangtuo Instrument Equipment Co., Ltd., product model KTL-LDF-50).

[0074] Table 1. Unconfined compressive strength and permeability coefficient of coarse and fine sand samples before and after soybean enzyme treatment.

[0075]

[0076] Example 2

[0077] like Figure 1 An ecological slope protection structure for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide piles is disclosed. The structure comprises a vegetation layer 2, a soybean enzyme-stabilized coarse-grained layer 3, a vegetated base layer 4, a soybean enzyme-stabilized fine-grained layer 5, a gravel layer 6, anti-slide piles 7, and the saline soil slope body 1. The anti-slide piles 7 pass sequentially from top to bottom through the soybean enzyme-stabilized coarse-grained layer 3, the vegetated base layer 4, the soybean enzyme-stabilized fine-grained layer 5, and the gravel layer 6, and are longitudinally embedded in the bearing layer of the saline soil slope body 1. The anti-slide piles 7 are at a certain angle to the slope surface of the saline soil slope body 1. The anti-slide piles 7 are arranged in a quincunx pattern. The vegetation layer 2 is formed by sowing tall fescue seeds on the surface of the soybean enzyme-stabilized coarse-grained layer 3 and growing ryegrass seeds mixed with nutrient soil in the vegetated base layer 4. The anti-slide piles 7 are nested within each soil layer, and the anchoring effect of the vegetation roots forms an overall frame structure slope protection system.

[0078] The soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer 3 is a coarse-grained layer treated three times with soybean enzyme treatment solution. It consists of coarse sand with a particle size of 2–4.25 mm and a thickness of 3 cm. The vegetated base layer 4 consists of geocells and nutrient soil filling the geocells. The nutrient soil contains ryegrass seeds. The vegetated base layer 4 is 5 cm thick. The soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer 5 is a fine-grained layer treated ten times with soybean enzyme treatment solution. It includes geotextile and fine sand with a particle size less than 0.15 mm. The fine-grained layer is 5 cm thick. The geotextile is laid on the surface of the gravel layer 6, and the fine-grained layer is laid on top of the geotextile. The gravel layer 6 consists of geocells and gravel filling the geocells. The gravel layer 6 is 5 cm thick, and the gravel particle size is 20–75 mm. Anti-slide pile 7 is a miniature reinforced concrete pile with a diameter of 30cm, arranged in a quincunx pattern, with an adjacent anti-slide pile spacing of 3.0m. The soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared by mixing soybean enzyme solution and cementing solution at a volume ratio of 4:1. The cementing solution contains equimolar concentrations of calcium chloride and urea, both at a molar concentration of 3.0M.

[0079] The soybean enzyme solution used in this invention is extracted through the following steps:

[0080] Step 1): Grind the soybeans into powder and pass them through a 100-mesh steel sieve to obtain soybean powder;

[0081] Step 2): Weigh soybean powder according to the solid-liquid ratio (mass:volume) 1g:10mL and add it to tap water containing 5g / L CaSO4·2H2O. Stir for 1 hour and then let it stand for 12 hours.

[0082] Step 3): Take the supernatant, which is the soybean enzyme solution.

[0083] The construction method of the ecological slope protection structure for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzymes, vegetation, and anti-slide piles provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0084] 1) Construction preparation: including surveying and setting out, material preparation, and site leveling;

[0085] 2) Construction of anti-slide piles: Anti-slide piles 7 are driven longitudinally into the bearing layer of the saline soil slope body 1 on the surface of the saline soil slope body 1. The anti-slide piles 7 are at a certain angle to the slope surface of the saline soil slope body 1.

[0086] 3) Construction of the crushed stone layer: Geocells are laid on the surface of the saline soil slope body 1, and crushed stone is filled in the geocells to the elevation to form the crushed stone layer 6.

[0087] 4) Construction of soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer: A layer of geotextile is laid on the surface of the crushed stone layer 6, and fine sand is filled on the geotextile to the elevation to form a fine-grained layer. Then, a soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared on site by mixing cementing liquid and soybean enzyme solution. The soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed on the fine-grained layer once every 24 hours for a total of 10 treatments to solidify and form soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer 5.

[0088] 5) Construction of the vegetated base layer: Geocells are laid on the surface of the soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer 5, and nutrient soil is filled into the geocells to the elevation to form the vegetated base layer 4. The nutrient soil contains ryegrass seeds.

[0089] 6) Construction of soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer: Coarse sand is filled on the surface of the vegetation base layer 4 to the elevation to form a coarse-grained layer. Then, a soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared on site by mixing cementing liquid and soybean enzyme solution. The soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed on the coarse-grained layer every 24 hours for a total of 3 treatments to solidify and form soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer 3.

[0090] 7) Vegetation layer construction: Tall fescue seeds are sown on the surface of soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer 3, and nutrient solution is sprayed regularly until vegetation layer 2 is formed. The vegetation layer is formed by the growth of tall fescue seeds sown on the surface of soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer and ryegrass seeds mixed in the nutrient soil of the vegetation base layer.

[0091] It should be noted that in actual construction, the types of plant seeds mixed with the nutrient soil in the vegetation base layer 4 and the types of plant seeds sown on the surface of the soybean enzyme-solidified coarse-grained layer 3 can be the same or different; the types of plant seeds mixed with the nutrient soil in the vegetation base layer 4 or the types of plant seeds sown on the surface of the soybean enzyme-solidified coarse-grained layer 3 can be one type of plant seed or multiple types of plant seeds.

[0092] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Any equivalent modifications or substitutions to the technical solutions of the present invention that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological slope protection structure for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzymes, vegetation, and anti-slide piles, wherein the ecological slope protection structure is a three-dimensional whole with low self-weight and low energy consumption; characterized in that: The ecological slope protection structure includes a vegetation layer (2), a soybean enzyme-stabilized coarse-grained layer (3), a vegetated base layer (4), a soybean enzyme-stabilized fine-grained layer (5), a gravel layer (6), anti-slide piles (7), and a saline soil slope body (1). The anti-slide piles (7) pass through the soybean enzyme-stabilized coarse-grained layer (3), the vegetated base layer (4), the soybean enzyme-stabilized fine-grained layer (5), and the gravel layer (6) from top to bottom, and are longitudinally embedded in the bearing layer of the saline soil slope body (1). The gravel layer (6) is laid on the upper surface of the saline soil slope body (1). The soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer (5) is laid on the upper surface of the gravel layer (6); the vegetation base layer (4) is laid on the upper surface of the soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer (5); the soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer (3) is laid on the upper surface of the vegetation base layer (4); plant seeds are sown on the surface of the soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer (3), and nutrient solution is sprayed regularly until a vegetation layer (2) is formed. The vegetation layer (2) is the vegetation formed by the growth of plant seeds sown on the surface of the soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer (3) and plant seeds in the vegetation base layer (4). The vegetation base layer (4) consists of geocells and nutrient soil filling the geocells; the thickness of the vegetation base layer (4) is 3 cm to 5 cm; the nutrient soil contains one or more of the following: ryegrass seeds, broadleaf paspalum seeds, white clover seeds, and tall fescue seeds; the soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer (3) is a coarse-grained layer treated with soybean enzyme treatment solution 3 to 5 times; the soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer (5) is a fine-grained layer treated with soybean enzyme treatment solution 5 to 10 times, the fine-grained layer includes geotextile and fine sand, the geotextile is laid on the surface of the gravel layer, and the fine sand is laid on top of the geotextile; The intertwined roots of vegetation can form a three-dimensional network structure, connecting the vegetation base layer and the soybean enzyme-fixed coarse-grained layer into a three-dimensional whole slope protection structure; the anti-slide pile (7) and the soybean enzyme-fixed coarse-grained layer (3), vegetation base layer (4), soybean enzyme-fixed fine-grained layer (5), crushed stone layer (6), and the bearing layer are nested together, and the anchoring effect of the vegetation roots forms an overall frame structure slope protection system.

2. The ecological slope protection structure for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide piles as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The coarse-grained layer (3) is laid with coarse sand with a particle size of 2 mm to 4.75 mm; the thickness of the coarse-grained layer (3) is 3 cm to 5 cm; the plant seeds sown on the surface of the soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer (3) are one or more of the following: ryegrass seeds, broadleaf paspa seeds, white clover seeds, and tall fescue seeds.

3. The ecological slope protection structure for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide piles as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the fine-grained layer is 5 cm to 10 cm; the particle size of the fine sand is less than 0.15 mm.

4. The ecological slope protection structure for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide piles as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The crushed stone layer (6) consists of geocells and crushed stone filling the geocells; the thickness of the crushed stone layer (6) is 5 cm to 10 cm; the particle size of the crushed stone is 20 mm to 75 mm.

5. The ecological slope protection structure for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide piles as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-slide piles (7) are miniature reinforced concrete piles with a diameter of 10 cm to 30 cm, arranged in a quincunx pattern, with a spacing of 2.0 m to 3.0 m between adjacent anti-slide piles.

6. The ecological slope protection structure for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide piles as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared by mixing soybean enzyme solution and cementing solution in a volume ratio of 3:1 to 4:1; the cementing solution contains calcium chloride and urea at equimolar concentrations, both with a molar concentration of 2.5 M to 3.0 M.

7. The ecological slope protection structure for reinforcing saline soil slopes using a combination of soybean enzyme-vegetation-anti-slide piles as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The soybean enzyme solution is extracted through the following steps: Step 1): Grind the soybeans into powder and pass them through a 100-mesh steel sieve to obtain soybean powder; Step 2): Weigh soybean powder at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g: 10 mL and add it to tap water containing 2.5 g / L ~ 5 g / L CaSO4·2H2O. Stir for 30 min ~ 1 h and then let it stand for 12 ~ 24 h. Step 3): Take the supernatant, which is the soybean enzyme solution.

8. The construction method of the ecological slope protection structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The construction method includes the following steps: 1) Construction preparation: including surveying and setting out, material preparation, and site leveling; 2) Construction of anti-slide piles: anti-slide piles (7) are driven longitudinally into the bearing layer of the saline soil slope body (1) on the surface of the saline soil slope body (1); 3) Construction of the crushed stone layer: Geocells are laid on the surface of the saline soil slope body (1), and crushed stone is filled in the geocells to the elevation to form a crushed stone layer (6). 4) Construction of soybean enzyme-solidified fine-grained layer: A layer of geotextile is laid on the surface of the gravel layer (6), and fine sand is filled on the geotextile to the elevation to form a fine-grained layer. Then, a soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared on site using cementing liquid and soybean enzyme solution. The soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed on the fine-grained soil layer every 24 hours for 5 to 10 times to solidify and form a soybean enzyme-solidified fine-grained layer (5). 5) Construction of the vegetation base layer: Geocells are laid on the surface of the soybean enzyme-cured fine-grained layer (5), and nutrient soil is filled into the geocells to the elevation. The nutrient soil contains one or more of the following: ryegrass seeds, broadleaf paspa seeds, white clover seeds, and tall fescue seeds, to form the vegetation base layer (4). 6) Construction of soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer: Coarse sand is filled on the surface of the vegetation base (4) to form a coarse-grained layer. Then, soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared on site using cementing liquid and soybean enzyme solution. The soybean enzyme treatment solution is sprayed on the coarse-grained layer once every 24 hours. The treatment is repeated 3 to 5 times to solidify and form soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer (3). 7) Vegetation layer construction: Plant seeds are sown on the surface of soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer. The plant seeds are one or more of ryegrass seeds, broadleaf paspa seeds, white clover seeds, and tall fescue seeds. Nutrient solution is sprayed regularly until a vegetation layer (2) is formed. The vegetation layer (2) is the vegetation formed by the plant seeds sown on the surface of soybean enzyme-cured coarse-grained layer (3) and the plant seeds mixed in the nutrient soil of the vegetation base layer (4).

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The soybean enzyme treatment solution is prepared by mixing soybean enzyme solution and gelling solution at a volume ratio of 3:1 to 4:1; the gelling solution contains equimolar concentrations of calcium chloride and urea, both at a molar concentration of 2.5 M to 3.0 M; the soybean enzyme solution is extracted through the following steps. Step 1): Grind the soybeans into powder and pass them through a 100-mesh steel sieve to obtain soybean powder; Step 2): Weigh soybean powder at a solid-liquid ratio of 1 g: 10 mL and add it to tap water containing 2.5 g / L ~ 5 g / L CaSO4·2H2O. Stir for 30 min ~ 1 h and then let it stand for 12 ~ 24 h. Step 3): Take the supernatant, which is the soybean enzyme solution.

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