A plugging and drainage structure and method for a vertical cave at the bottom of a residue field

Abstract

The application discloses a plugging and drainage structure and method for a vertical cave at the bottom of a material residue field, wherein a covering body with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part is designed to cover the vertical cave, a drainage pipe and a plurality of drainage holes are arranged in the covering body, the outlet of the drainage hole and the lower end of the drainage pipe are exposed in the range of the vertical cave, the requirement of stacking material residues in the field is met, an expansion groove for placing the covering body is arranged between the vertical cave and the ground, the stability of the vertical cave structure is ensured on the premise of solving the natural drainage of the field, meanwhile, the drainage facilities such as the drainage culvert and the blind ditch which consume large construction resources are cancelled, the field drainage measures are optimized, the engineering investment is reduced, the safety and reliability and the green environmental protection of the material residue field are greatly improved, and the requirements of the civilized construction are met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower, and particularly relates to a plugging and drainage structure and method for a vertical cave at the bottom of a material residue field. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, pumped storage power stations are being built all over the country, and in the construction process of water conservancy and hydropower projects, low-lying or relatively flat terrain is selected as a material residue field for storing material residues during construction. However, in the process of preparing for the construction of a hydropower station, it is found that the low-lying or relatively flat terrain suitable for building a material residue field often encounters complex geological conditions such as vertical caves, for example, in the southwest of China, karst sinkholes and other natural caves are widely developed; in the northern part of China, various artificial vertical caves composed of abandoned mines, artificial water wells and the like are commonly encountered. The existence of these caves will seriously hinder the construction of the project and pose a safety hazard. When these sites are selected for storing construction materials or piling up construction waste, three basic problems are generally faced: first, how to plugging process the vertical cave to ensure the safety of the foundation bearing of the material residue field; second, how to solve the drainage problem of the material residue pile in the material residue field; and third, how to make the plugging and drainage structure solve the requirements of the plugging and drainage of the material residue pile and the plugging and drainage of the material residue field of different heights. Therefore, how to provide a simple and feasible, economically applicable plugging and drainage structure and method for a vertical cave at the bottom of a material residue field is a problem that needs to be solved by relevant professionals. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the defects in the prior art, the present application provides a plugging and drainage structure for a vertical cave at the bottom of a material residue field to solve the safety hazards caused by plugging the vertical cave and the drainage problem of the material residue pile when a material residue field with a vertical cave is built.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a plugging and drainage structure for a vertical cave at the bottom of a residue field, comprising a covering body, the covering body is arranged between the cave mouth of the vertical cave and the ground surface, the covering body is a polyhedron with a narrow top and a wide bottom, the bottom surface of the covering body can cover the cave mouth of the vertical cave, a drainage pipe is vertically arranged in the covering body, the height of the upper end of the drainage pipe is higher than the height of the residue body, a plurality of drainage holes are obliquely arranged in the covering body, the entrances of the drainage holes are arranged on the side surface of the covering body, the exits of the drainage holes are arranged on the bottom surface of the covering body, the exit and the lower end of the drainage pipe are both exposed in the range of the cave mouth of the vertical cave, an expanded trench is arranged between the cave mouth of the vertical cave and the ground surface, the expanded trench is a polyhedron, the bottom area of the expanded trench is greater than or equal to the bottom area of the covering body, the top area of the expanded trench is greater than the top area of the covering body, the height of the expanded trench is equal to the height of the covering body, the covering body is arranged in the expanded trench, a foundation backfill layer is arranged between the surface of the covering body and the ground surface, water or gas in the residue body can pass through the foundation backfill layer to the entrances, and then be discharged into the vertical cave through the drainage holes.

[0005] In an embodiment, a plurality of grouting anchor rods are arranged on the side wall and the bottom surface of the expanded trench, one end of the grouting anchor rod is inserted into the surrounding rock, and the other end is inserted into the covering body and / or the foundation backfill layer.

[0006] In an embodiment, the shape of the covering body is ladder-shaped, the height of the covering body is 1-2 times the maximum diameter of the cave mouth of the vertical cave, the maximum width of the bottom surface of the covering body 8 is 1-2 times the maximum diameter of the cave mouth of the vertical cave, and the top surface area of the covering body is 1 / 4-1 / 9 of the bottom surface area.

[0007] In an embodiment, the central axis of the covering body coincides with the central axis of the vertical cave, a plurality of the drainage holes are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the covering body, and the covering body is a reinforced concrete covering body.

[0008] In an embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the drainage pipe is 1 / 2-1 / 4 of the top surface area of the covering body, the height of the upper end of the drainage pipe is 3-6 meters higher than the height of the ground surface, the drainage pipe is a cast iron pipe, the diameter of the drainage hole is less than or equal to 1 / 10 of the diameter of the drainage pipe, and the included angle between the drainage hole and the ground surface is greater than 45°.

[0009] In an embodiment, the ground backfill layer comprises a mesh layer, a mesh protection layer, a soil protection layer, a large stone layer, a small gravel layer, the mesh layer comprises a plurality of meshes, the plurality of meshes are laid on the surface of the wedge-shaped covering body, the mesh protection layer is laid on the mesh layer, the soil protection layer is laid on the mesh protection layer, the large stone layer is laid on the soil protection layer, and the small gravel layer is laid on the large stone layer to be flush with the ground surface.

[0010] In an embodiment, a filter pipe is detachably connected at the upper end inlet of the drain pipe, and a filter filling body is arranged in the filter pipe.

[0011] In an embodiment, the filter pipe is connected with the drain pipe through a screw connection pipe fitting, the inner wall of the screw connection pipe fitting is provided with an internal thread, and the outer wall of the drain pipe and the outer wall of the filter pipe are both provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread.

[0012] In an embodiment, an extension pipe is further included, and the outer wall of the extension pipe is provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread.

[0013] The application also provides a plugging and drainage method for a vertical cave at the bottom of a material residue field, which adopts the plugging structure, and comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1, surveying and investigating the vertical cave, counting the plane size of the vertical cave, and designing the covering body;

[0015] S2, expanding and excavating around the vertical cave to form an expansion groove;

[0016] S3, pouring and constructing the covering body;

[0017] S4, laying a ground backfill layer on the surface of the covering body to be flush with the ground surface;

[0018] S5, digging a drainage ditch around the material residue body to collect rainwater on the surface of the material residue body.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) the present application utilizes the vertical cave at the bottom of the slag yard to drain, which not only meets the demand of the site for stacking slag, but also ensures the stability of the vertical cave structure under the premise of solving the site natural drainage, and cancels the drainage facilities such as drainage culvert and blind ditch which consume large construction resources required by traditional similar slag yard; (2) the plugging and draining method for the vertical cave at the bottom of the slag yard in the present application simplifies the traditional construction process, shortens the construction period, reduces the engineering quantity, solves the construction difficulty caused by the existence of the vertical cave in the process of project construction, and fully utilizes the construction site; (3) the plugging and draining method is relatively simple, the structure is good in stress, and can meet the requirements of different height and size grades of slag stacking and plugging and draining, optimizes the site drainage measures, reduces the engineering investment, greatly improves the safety and reliability and green environmental protection of the slag yard, and meets the requirements of civilized construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows, and it should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope, and other related drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the premise of not paying creative labor.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a general schematic view of the plugging and draining structure for the vertical cave at the bottom of the slag yard in the embodiments of the present application.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a sectional structure schematic view of the covering body and the backfill layered area in the embodiments of the present application.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic view of the elongation principle of the drainage pipe with the increase of the site height in the embodiments of the present application.

[0025] Figure 4 It is an enlarged schematic view of the connection of the drainage pipe, the filter pipe and the extension pipe in the embodiments of the present application.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a plane structure schematic view of the covering body in the embodiments of the present application.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a structure schematic view of the plugging and draining structure of the vertical cave at the bottom of the slag yard in the embodiments of the present application cooperating with the underground tunnel.

[0028] Figure 7 It is a structure schematic view of the plugging and draining structure of the vertical cave at the bottom of the slag yard in the embodiments of the present application cooperating with the water pump.

[0029] 1-rain, 2-filter pipe, 3-reserved cast iron pipe, 4-slag body, 5-surface, 6-drainage ditch, 7-foundation backfill layering area, 8-covering body, 9-expansion groove, 10-grouting anchor rod, 11-drainage hole, 12-vertical cave, 13-mesh, 14-mesh protective layer, 15-soil and stone slag protective layer, 16-large stone, 17-small broken stone, 18-slag height A, 19-extended pipe, 20-slag height B, 21-filter filling body, 22-spiral connecting pipe fitting, 23-drainage hole inlet, 24-outlet, 25-underground tunnel, 26-pumping pump pipe, 27-water pump, 28-pumping pump pipe, 29-water collecting pit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will be a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0031] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0032] As shown in the drawings, Figures 1-7 The embodiments of the present application provide a plugging and drainage structure for a vertical cave at the bottom of a slag yard, which comprises a covering body 8. The covering body 8 is arranged between the cave mouth of the vertical cave 12 and the surface 5. The covering body 8 is a polyhedron with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part. The bottom surface of the covering body 8 can cover the cave mouth of the vertical cave 12. A drainage pipe 3 is vertically arranged in the covering body 8. The upper end of the drainage pipe 3 is higher than the height of the slag body 4. A plurality of drainage holes 11 are obliquely arranged in the covering body 8. The inlet 23 of the drainage hole 11 is arranged on the side surface of the covering body 8. The outlet 24 of the drainage hole is arranged on the bottom surface of the covering body 8. The outlet 24 and the lower end of the drainage pipe 3 are both exposed in the range of the cave mouth of the vertical cave 12. Rainwater can enter the vertical cave 12 through the drainage pipe when it rains. Water or gas in the slag body 4 can be drained into the vertical cave 12 through the drainage hole.

[0033] As shown in the drawings, Figure 1 , 2As shown, to place the covering body 8 to seal the entrance of the vertical cave 12, an enlarged trench 9 is set between the entrance of the vertical cave 12 and the ground surface 5. The enlarged trench 9 is a polyhedron, with its bottom area greater than or equal to the bottom area of ​​the covering body 8, its top area greater than the top area of ​​the covering body 8, and its height equal to the height of the covering body 8. The covering body 8 is placed inside the enlarged trench 9. A foundation backfill layer 7 is set between the surface of the covering body 8 and the ground surface in the enlarged trench 9, allowing water from the slag pile to pass through the foundation backfill layer 7 to the entrance 23. The shape, narrower at the top and wider at the bottom, makes the covering body 8 more stable under stress, and the foundation backfill layer 7 can distribute the load of the slag body 4 on the covering body 8, making the covering body 8 bear the load evenly.

[0034] To enhance the stability of the sealing and drainage structure, the sidewalls of the widened trench 9 are perpendicular to the bottom surface of the widened trench 9. Multiple grouting anchors 10 are installed on the sidewalls and bottom surface of the widened trench 9. One end of the grouting anchor 10 is inserted into the surrounding rock, and the other end is inserted into the overburden 8 and / or the foundation backfill layer 7 to strengthen the fixed connection between the overburden 8 and the surrounding rock, the foundation backfill layer 7 and the surrounding rock.

[0035] like Figure 5 As shown, the cover body 8 is trapezoidal in shape. The height of the cover body 8 is 1 to 2 times the maximum diameter of the opening of the vertical cave 12. The maximum width of the bottom surface of the cover body 8 is 1 to 2 times the maximum diameter of the opening of the vertical cave 12. The area of ​​the top surface of the cover body 8 is 1 / 4 to 1 / 9 of the area of ​​the bottom surface. The central axis of the cover body 8 coincides with the central axis of the vertical cave 12, and multiple drainage holes are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the cover body 8. The cover body 8 is a reinforced concrete cover body, wherein the concrete grade, steel bar type, and other structural arrangements have all been verified through bending, shear, and bearing capacity calculations of the slag body.

[0036] The cross-sectional area of ​​the drainage pipe 3 is 1 / 2 to 1 / 4 of the top surface area of ​​the cover 8. The upper end of the drainage pipe 3 is 3 to 6 meters higher than the ground surface 5. The drainage pipe 3 is made of cast iron to extend its service life. The diameter of the drainage hole 11 is less than or equal to 1 / 10 of the diameter of the drainage pipe 3. In order to allow water to flow more quickly into the vertical cave 12 along the drainage hole, the angle between the drainage hole 11 and the ground surface is greater than 45°.

[0037] The ground backfill layer 7 comprises a mesh layer 13, a mesh protection layer 14, a soil and stone protection layer 15, a large stone layer 16, and a small gravel layer 17. The mesh layer 13 comprises a plurality of meshes, which are laid on the surface of the covering body 8. The distance between the meshes is not less than 20 cm, and the diameter of the mesh is not greater than 20 cm. The mesh is composed of steel bars, which can prevent sundries from blocking the drainage holes. The mesh protection layer 14 is laid on the mesh layer 13 to protect the mesh. The mesh protection layer 14 is geotextile or asphalt oil felt. The soil and stone protection layer 15 is laid on the mesh protection layer 14 to protect the mesh protection layer 14. The large stone layer 16 is laid on the soil and stone protection layer 15 to make the ground backfill layer 7 have water permeability. The small gravel layer 17 is laid on the large stone layer 16 to be flush with the ground surface 5, so as to improve the bearing capacity of the large stone layer 16. The soil and stone protection layer 15, the large stone layer 16, and the small gravel layer 17 in the ground backfill layer 7 are all compacted, and the thickness ratio is determined according to the actual engineering condition. In principle, the ground bearing capacity is met, and the drainage requirement of the drainage hole 11 in the covering body 8 is also ensured.

[0038] To prevent large-volume sundries from entering the drainage pipe 3 and causing blockage, and to meet the water discharge requirement after hydraulic calculation of the actual engineering, the safety, stability, and economy are required. As shown in Figure 3 , 4 A filter pipe 2 is detachably connected to the upper end inlet of the drainage pipe 3. A filter filling body 21 with a certain length is arranged in the filter pipe 2. In this embodiment, the filter pipe 2 is connected to the drainage pipe 3 through a spiral connecting pipe 22. The inner wall of the spiral connecting pipe 22 is provided with internal threads, and the outer walls of the drainage pipe 3 and the filter pipe 2 are provided with external threads matched with the internal threads.

[0039] To continue to ensure that the rainwater 1 can be normally discharged through the drainage pipe 3, the sealing drainage structure further comprises an extension pipe 19. When the height of the material residue body 4 is increased from a height lower than or equal to the upper end of the drainage pipe 3 to a height higher than the upper end of the drainage pipe 3, the height of the upper end of the drainage pipe 3 can be increased through the cooperation of the extension pipe 19 and the spiral connecting pipe 22. The outer wall of the extension pipe 19 is provided with external threads matched with the internal threads. As shown in Figure 3 When the height of the material residue body 4 is increased from the height A18 to the height B20, the filter pipe 2 is removed, the extension pipe 19 is connected to the drainage pipe 3 through the spiral connecting pipe 22, and the extension pipe 19 is connected to the filter pipe 2 through the spiral connecting pipe 22 again, so that the height of the filter pipe 3 is higher than the height of the material residue body 4. If the height of the material residue body continues to increase, the above process is repeated.

[0040] If the vertical cave 12 can meet the requirements of rainwater 1 drainage and storage during the use of the slag yard according to the hydraulic calculation, the vertical cave 12 is used as a rainwater storage well; if the vertical cave 12 is connected with the underground tunnel 25 which is connected with each other in the deep stratum, as shown in FIG. 2, the rainwater 1 flows through the filter pipe 2, the drainage pipe 3 and the drainage hole 11 in sequence, and is finally discharged through the vertical cave 12 and the underground tunnel 25; if the vertical cave 12 itself cannot meet the requirements of rainwater 1 drainage and storage during the use of the slag yard according to the hydraulic calculation, and the vertical cave is not connected with the underground tunnel 25 which is connected with each other in the deep stratum, as shown in FIG. 3, when the rainwater 1 is stored in the vertical cave 1 to a certain height, the filter pipe 2 is removed, the water pump pipe 26 is deepened into the drainage pipe 3 or the extension pipe 19, the rainwater is pumped into the water outlet pipe 28 through the water pump 27 and is discharged into the expanded water collecting pit 29 which is dug in advance. Figure 6 Figure 7

[0041] The application further provides a plugging and drainage method for a vertical cave at the bottom of a slag yard, which adopts the above plugging and drainage method and comprises the following steps

[0042] S1, surveying and investigating the vertical cave 12, counting the horizontal plane size of the vertical cave 12, and designing the covering body 8;

[0043] S2, expanding and forming an expansion groove 9 around the vertical cave;

[0044] S3, pouring and constructing the covering body 8;

[0045] S4, laying the foundation backfill layer 7 on the surface of the covering body 8 to be flush with the ground surface;

[0046] S5, digging the drainage ditch 6 around the slag body 4 to collect the rainwater on the surface of the slag body 4.

[0047] In step S2, the grouting anchor rod 10 is arranged around the expansion groove 9 after the expansion groove 9 is formed.

[0048] In step S3, the filter pipe 2 is connected with the drainage pipe 3 through the screw connection pipe 22 at the upper end inlet of the drainage pipe 3 after the covering body 8 is poured and constructed; if the height of the slag body 4 rises beyond the upper end of the drainage pipe 3, the filter pipe 2 is removed, one or more extension pipes 19 are connected through the screw connection pipe 22, and the extension pipe 19 is connected with the filter pipe 2 through the screw connection pipe 22 until the height of the inlet of the last extension pipe 19 is higher than the height of the slag body 4.

[0049] ​​The method for plugging and draining of the vertical cave at the bottom of the residue field in the application further comprises S6: if the vertical cave 12 itself does not meet the drainage and storage requirements of the rainwater 1 of the site during the use of the residue field through hydrodynamic calculation, and the vertical cave is not connected with the underground tunnel 25 that is widespread in the deep stratum, a drainage ditch 6 and a water collecting pit 29 are dug around the residue body 4, that is, when the rainwater 1 is stored to a certain height in the vertical cave 1, the filter pipe 2 is removed, the water pump pipe 26 is deepened into the drainage pipe 3 or the extension pipe 19, the rainwater is pumped into the water outlet pump pipe 28 through the water pump 27, and is discharged into the water collecting pit 29.

[0050] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the application and is not intended to limit the application. Various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art based on the application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the application shall be included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A plugging and drainage structure for a vertical cavern at the bottom of a residue field, characterized in that, The application relates to a covering body for a vertical cave, which comprises a covering body arranged between the cave mouth of the vertical cave and the ground surface, wherein the covering body is a polyhedron with a narrow top and a wide bottom, the bottom surface of the covering body can cover the cave mouth of the vertical cave, a drain pipe is vertically arranged in the covering body, the upper end of the drain pipe is higher than the height of the slag body, a plurality of drain holes are obliquely arranged in the covering body, the inlet of the drain hole is arranged on the side surface of the covering body, the outlet of the drain hole is arranged on the bottom surface of the covering body, the outlet and the lower end of the drain pipe are exposed in the range of the cave mouth of the vertical cave, an expanded groove is arranged between the cave mouth of the vertical cave and the ground surface, the expanded groove is a polyhedron, the bottom area of the expanded groove is greater than or equal to the bottom area of the covering body, the top area of the expanded groove is greater than the top area of the covering body, the height of the expanded groove is equal to the height of the covering body, the covering body is arranged in the expanded groove, a foundation backfill layer is arranged between the surface of the covering body and the ground surface, water or gas in the slag body can pass through the foundation backfill layer to the inlet, and is discharged into the vertical cave through the drain hole.

2. The plugging and draining structure for the vertical cave at the bottom of the sludge field according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of grouting anchor rods are arranged on the side wall and the bottom surface of the expanded groove, one end of the grouting anchor rod is inserted into the surrounding rock, and the other end is inserted into the covering body and / or the foundation backfill layer.

3. The plugging and draining structure for the vertical cave at the bottom of the sludge field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the covering body is a ladder type, the height of the covering body is 1-2 times the maximum diameter of the cave mouth of the vertical cave, the maximum width of the bottom surface of the covering body is 1-2 times the maximum diameter of the cave mouth of the vertical cave, and the top surface area of the covering body is 1 / 4-1 / 9 of the bottom surface area.

4. The plugging and draining structure for the vertical cave at the bottom of the sludge field according to claim 3, characterized in that, The central axis of the covering body coincides with the central axis of the vertical cave, the plurality of drain holes are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the covering body, and the covering body is a reinforced concrete covering body.

5. The plugging and draining structure for the vertical cave at the bottom of the sludge field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional area of the drain pipe is 1 / 2-1 / 4 of the top surface area of the covering body, the height of the upper end of the drain pipe is 3-6 meters higher than the height of the ground surface, the drain pipe is a cast iron pipe, the diameter of the drain hole is less than or equal to 1 / 10 of the diameter of the drain pipe, and the included angle between the drain hole and the ground surface is greater than 45 degrees.

6. The plugging and draining structure for the vertical cave at the bottom of the sludge field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foundation backfill layer comprises a mesh layer, a mesh protection layer, a soil slag protection layer, a large stone layer and a small gravel layer, the mesh layer comprises a plurality of meshes, the meshes are laid on the surface of the wedge-shaped covering body, the mesh protection layer is laid on the mesh layer, the soil slag protection layer is laid on the mesh protection layer, the large stone layer is laid on the soil slag protection layer, and the small gravel layer is laid on the large stone layer and is flush with the ground surface.

7. The plugging and draining structure for the vertical cave at the bottom of the sludge field according to claim 1, characterized in that, A filter pipe is detachably connected to the upper end inlet of the drain pipe, and a filter filling body is arranged in the filter pipe.

8. The plugging and draining structure for the vertical cave at the bottom of the sludge field according to claim 7, characterized in that, The filter pipe is connected with the drain pipe through a spiral connecting pipe, the inner wall of the spiral connecting pipe is provided with an internal thread, and the outer wall of the drain pipe and the outer wall of the filter pipe are provided with external threads matched with the internal thread.

9. The plugging and draining structure for the vertical cave at the bottom of the sludge field according to claim 8, characterized in that, An extension pipe is further arranged, and the outer wall of the extension pipe is provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread.

10. A method for plugging and draining a vertical cave in the bottom of a stockyard, using a plugging and draining structure according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that The application further relates to a method for covering a vertical cave, which comprises the following steps: S1, surveying and investigating the vertical cave, counting the plane size of the cave mouth of the vertical cave, and designing the covering body; S2, excavating around the vertical cave to form an excavated groove; S3, pouring a covering body; S4, laying a foundation backfill layer on the surface of the covering body to be flush with the ground surface; S5, digging a drainage ditch around the slag body to collect rainwater on the surface of the slag body.

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