Displacement efficiency real-time online simulation method, device and cementing operation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a displacement efficiency real-time online simulation method and device and a cementing operation method. The online simulation method comprises the following steps: S1, obtaining static parameters and collecting real-time dynamic parameters of a cementing wellbore; the static parameters comprise wellbore structure, wellbore trajectory, wellbore temperature axial distribution and pipe string centralization degree, and the real-time dynamic parameters comprise cementing construction pressure, flow, density and rheological property; S2, establishing a displacement efficiency model considering annular drilling fluid retention rate; S3, inputting the static parameters and the real-time dynamic parameters into the displacement efficiency model to confirm the displacement efficiency value. The cementing operation method comprises the following steps: querying the displacement efficiency of an arbitrary well depth section and / or the displacement efficiency of the whole annulus during cementing operation according to the online simulation method, and dynamically quantitatively adjusting ground technology and engineering parameters to ensure that the optimal displacement efficiency of the annulus is achieved. The application can accurately calculate and display the displacement efficiency of the annular cement slurry to the drilling fluid, and effectively improves and guarantees the quality of the oil and gas well cementing operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil well cementing, and more specifically, to a method for real-time online simulation of displacement efficiency, a cementing operation method, an apparatus for real-time online simulation of displacement efficiency, and equipment and computer-readable storage medium for implementing the method for real-time online simulation of displacement efficiency. Background Technology

[0002] The primary purpose of cementing is to achieve effective interlayer isolation. However, due to the complexity of wellbore conditions, the high viscosity and strong coagulation characteristics of drilling fluids, and the imperfect displacement mechanism, the replacement efficiency of drilling fluid in the annulus is significantly reduced. Low displacement efficiency leads to severe drilling fluid channeling, poor interfacial cementation quality, and affects the quality of interlayer isolation, potentially causing oil, gas, and water channeling. Although significant breakthroughs have been made since the 1940s in the study of displacement efficiency mechanisms by scholars both domestically and internationally, identifying six major factors affecting displacement efficiency—casing centering, displacement flow regime, turbulent contact time, drilling fluid rheology and thixotropy, displacement fluid rheology, and density difference between displacement fluid and drilling fluid—cementing remains a complex and unpredictable system engineering project. Furthermore, with the development of deep oil and gas reservoirs and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs such as shale gas, the complexity of the cemented annulus wellbore is increasing, necessitating the development of simulation analysis and evaluation technology for cement slurry displacement efficiency in the cemented annulus.

[0003] Large international oilfield service companies and research institutions have long been engaged in research on cementing annular displacement efficiency. Their research covers various aspects, from flow mechanisms and displacement theory to displacement simulation experiments, and they have established various displacement efficiency experimental devices and methods. Among them, the full-scale displacement simulation experimental device established by Halliburton is the most typical. The characteristic of this type of device is that it completely and realistically simulates the actual wellbore size and fluid properties, and realistically simulates the cementing displacement process. The displacement efficiency is evaluated in two ways: one is to directly observe the displacement effect at the interface by directly dissecting the wellbore and casing after the cement has solidified; the other is to use acoustic amplitude logging to test its displacement efficiency. Regarding displacement efficiency software, domestic and international software such as CemproPlus (optimized drilling fluid replacement method software), Anycem (cementing software), and CemSmart (cementing engineering design software) have developed displacement efficiency simulation and analysis modules that fully consider the various possible impacts of cementing in complex wells. They have studied and improved the design model based on factors such as temperature, annular clearance, and wellbore diameter changes, ensuring reasonable displacement efficiency calculation accuracy even for complex conditions such as small wellbore, small clearance, and high-temperature, high-pressure wells. However, it is regrettable that the simulation and analysis of annular displacement efficiency in cementing, whether through experimental methods or numerical simulation methods, exists only in the pre-cementing design stage and cannot accurately characterize the annular displacement efficiency during cementing operations. Existing real-time monitoring technologies for cementing operations mainly achieve real-time monitoring of cementing operation parameters (flow rate, density, pressure). The monitoring system converts the electrical signals transmitted from sensors into real values ​​and presents them visually. Sensors are the key to the entire system, acquiring and converting input signals. This system architecture does not have a mathematical model unit for engineering calculations, so it cannot dynamically represent the key engineering parameters of cementing operations in real time. Once the actual operating parameters differ from the design parameters, it is impossible to quantify the quality of the casing annulus displacement effect and thus adjust the surface process and engineering parameters in a timely manner. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address at least one of the aforementioned shortcomings of the existing technology. For example, one objective of this invention is to provide an online simulation method for real-time displacement efficiency in cementing operations. This method uses actual cementing operation field parameters as input into a mathematical model for high-frequency calculation of transient annular displacement efficiency values. This technology allows the assessment and decision-making regarding annular displacement efficiency in cementing operations to move beyond the design phase before cementing operations. It enables transient calculation and visualization of the displacement quality of the annular cement slurry on the drilling fluid, thereby quantifying and deciding on real-time displacement parameters.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for real-time online simulation of substitution efficiency.

[0006] The real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency may include the following steps: S1, acquiring static parameters of the cementing wellbore and collecting real-time dynamic parameters; the static parameters may include wellbore structure, wellbore trajectory, axial temperature distribution of the wellbore, and tubing string centering; the real-time dynamic parameters may include cementing pressure, flow rate, density, and rheological properties; S2, establishing a displacement efficiency model that considers the retention rate of annular drilling fluid; and S3, inputting the static parameters and real-time dynamic parameters into the displacement efficiency model and confirming the displacement efficiency value.

[0007] In one embodiment of the real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency of the present invention, step S2 may further include: when the cross-sectional drilling fluid retention rate is ≤10%, establishing a displacement efficiency model that considers the influence factors of the retention rate of the annular drilling fluid and the flushing efficiency of the isolation fluid.

[0008] In one embodiment of the real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency of the present invention, the influencing factors of the isolation fluid flushing efficiency can be confirmed by the isolation fluid flushing efficiency equation model, which is established by fitting indoor isolation fluid flushing test data obtained before cementing operations.

[0009] In one embodiment of the real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency of the present invention, the equation model for the isolation fluid flushing efficiency may include the following model:

[0010] Model for the efficiency and density of the isolation fluid flushing: y = 86.17 - 0.00353 × exp(3.87 × x1);

[0011] The relationship between the flushing efficiency of the isolation fluid and the Reynolds number model:

[0012] Model for the efficiency of the isolation fluid flushing versus the flushing time: y = 85.6 - 785 × exp(-1.149 × x³);

[0013] Model of isolation fluid flushing efficiency and annular return velocity:

[0014] Where y is the flushing efficiency of the isolation fluid; x1 is the density of the isolation fluid; x2 is the Reynolds number of the isolation fluid; x3 is the flushing time; and x4 is the annular return velocity.

[0015] In one embodiment of the real-time online simulation method for substitution efficiency of the present invention, step S1 may further include: setting a time step to control the calculation frequency of the substitution efficiency value.

[0016] In one embodiment of the real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency of the present invention, when the length of the annular cementing working fluid column can be increased by 100-200 meters, the time step can be increased by 5-10 seconds.

[0017] In one embodiment of the real-time online simulation method for substitution efficiency of the present invention, it may further include: S4, interpolating the substitution efficiency value to draw a substitution efficiency cloud map.

[0018] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for real-time online simulation of displacement efficiency. The apparatus includes a parameter acquisition module, a displacement efficiency model module, a displacement efficiency confirmation module, and a displacement efficiency cloud map drawing module. The parameter acquisition module is configured to acquire static parameters of the cementing wellbore and collect real-time dynamic parameters. The displacement efficiency model module is configured to establish a displacement efficiency model that considers the retention rate of drilling fluid in the annulus. The displacement efficiency confirmation module is connected to the parameter acquisition module and the displacement efficiency model module and is configured to confirm the displacement efficiency value based on the static parameters of the cementing wellbore, the real-time dynamic parameters, and the displacement efficiency model.

[0019] In another aspect, the present invention provides a cementing operation method, which may include: according to any one of the above-described online simulation methods, dynamically and quantitatively adjusting surface process and engineering parameters in real time based on querying the displacement efficiency of any well depth section and / or the overall displacement efficiency of the annulus during the cementing operation, so as to ensure the achievement of optimal annulus displacement efficiency, wherein the displacement efficiency is obtained according to any one of the above-described online simulation methods.

[0020] In another aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus comprising: a processor; and a memory storing a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by the processor, at least one of the displacement efficiency real-time online simulation method and the cementing operation method described above is implemented.

[0021] In another aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements at least one of the displacement efficiency real-time online simulation method and the cementing operation method described above.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include at least one of the following:

[0023] (1) The real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency provided by the present invention can input the field parameters of actual cementing operation into the mathematical model of displacement efficiency to calculate the transient displacement efficiency value of the annulus through frequency conversion. The obtained displacement efficiency value is more accurate, and the evaluation decision of cementing annulus displacement efficiency is no longer limited to the design stage before cementing operation. It can transiently calculate and display the displacement quality of annulus cement slurry on drilling fluid, thereby quantifying the real-time displacement parameters for decision-making.

[0024] (2) The real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency and the cementing operation method provided by the present invention can effectively improve the annular sealing quality of complex wellbore and ensure the cementing operation quality of deep, complex wells and unconventional oil and gas wells.

[0025] (3) The real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency and the cementing operation method provided by the present invention promote the digital transformation and intelligent development of cementing. The technical modules that apply the real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency and the cementing operation method have the prospect of large-scale promotion and application, and can serve the cementing construction operation in oil and gas fields. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The above and other objects and / or features of the present invention will become clearer from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0027] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an example of the real-time online simulation method for substitution efficiency of the present invention is shown.

[0028] Figure 2a A schematic diagram showing the relationship between the flushing efficiency of the isolation fluid and its density is presented as an example of the real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2b A schematic diagram showing the relationship between the isolation fluid flushing efficiency and the Reynolds number is presented as an example of the real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2c A schematic diagram showing the relationship between the isolation fluid flushing efficiency and flushing time is presented as an example of the real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2d A schematic diagram showing the relationship between the isolation fluid flushing efficiency and the annular return velocity is presented as an example of the real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the real-time replacement efficiency simulation calculation process is shown as an example of the real-time online simulation method for replacement efficiency of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a multi-threaded process for real-time replacement efficiency simulation is shown as an example of the real-time online simulation method for replacement efficiency of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an example of the substitution efficiency real-time online simulation device of the present invention is shown.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0036] 100 - Parameter acquisition module; 110 - Replacement efficiency model module; 120 - Replacement efficiency confirmation module. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following sections will describe in detail the real-time online simulation method and apparatus for displacement efficiency and the cementing operation method of the present invention with reference to examples.

[0038] It should be noted that the terms “S1”, “S2”, “S3”, or “A”, “B”, “C”, etc. used in this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0039] Cementing quality is directly related to single-well production, oil and gas well lifespan, and long-term safe and environmentally friendly production, making it of great significance. However, the current level of informatization and intelligence in cementing technology in the industry is low, with most systems limited to stand-alone versions and lacking real-time calculation and decision analysis capabilities, posing potential risks to cementing quality and safe production.

[0040] To address the aforementioned issues, the inventors proposed a real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency. This method effectively solves the problem of low annular displacement efficiency caused by significant discrepancies between design parameters and actual operating parameters in previous cementing projects, thereby greatly improving real-time decision-making capabilities at the cementing site. Cementing operators can quantitatively adjust surface process and engineering parameters in real time based on the dynamic displacement quality of the entire or local annulus, ensuring optimal annular displacement efficiency.

[0041] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for real-time online simulation of substitution efficiency.

[0042] In one example of the real-time online simulation method for substitution efficiency of the present invention, the method may include the following steps:

[0043] S1. Obtain static parameters and real-time dynamic parameters of the cementing wellbore; static parameters include wellbore structure, wellbore trajectory, axial temperature distribution of the wellbore, and tubing string centering; real-time dynamic parameters include cementing pressure, flow rate, density, and rheological properties.

[0044] More preferably, step S1 may further include setting a time step to control the calculation frequency of the substitution efficiency value.

[0045] More preferably, when the length of the annular cementing working fluid column is increased by 100-200 meters, the time step is increased by 5-10 seconds to achieve the purpose of frequency reduction calculation.

[0046] S2. Establish a displacement efficiency model that considers the retention rate of drilling fluid in the annulus.

[0047] More preferably, when the cross-sectional drilling fluid retention rate is ≤10%, a displacement efficiency model is established that considers the influence of the annular drilling fluid retention rate and the flushing efficiency of the isolation fluid.

[0048] More preferably, the influencing factors of the isolation fluid flushing efficiency are confirmed by the isolation fluid flushing efficiency equation model, which is established by fitting indoor isolation fluid flushing test data obtained before cementing operations.

[0049] More preferably, the equation model for the efficiency of the isolation fluid flushing includes the following models:

[0050] Model for the efficiency and density of the isolation fluid flushing: y = 86.17 - 0.00353 × exp(3.87 × x1);

[0051] The relationship between the flushing efficiency of the isolation fluid and the Reynolds number model:

[0052] Model for the efficiency of the isolation fluid flushing versus the flushing time: y = 85.6 - 785 × exp(-1.149 × x³);

[0053] Model of isolation fluid flushing efficiency and annular return velocity:

[0054] Where y is the flushing efficiency of the isolation fluid; x1 is the density of the isolation fluid; x2 is the Reynolds number of the isolation fluid; x3 is the flushing time; and x4 is the annular return velocity.

[0055] S3. Input static parameters and real-time dynamic parameters into the replacement efficiency model and confirm the replacement efficiency value.

[0056] More preferably, the real-time online simulation method for substitution efficiency may further include: S4, interpolating the substitution efficiency value to draw a substitution efficiency cloud map.

[0057] According to another aspect of the present invention, a real-time online simulation device for substitution efficiency is also provided. The real-time online simulation device for substitution efficiency includes a parameter acquisition module, a substitution efficiency model module, a substitution efficiency confirmation module, and a substitution efficiency cloud map drawing module.

[0058] The parameter acquisition module is configured to acquire static parameters of the cement wellbore and collect real-time dynamic parameters.

[0059] The displacement efficiency model module is configured to establish a displacement efficiency model that takes into account the retention rate of drilling fluid in the annulus.

[0060] The displacement efficiency confirmation module is connected to the parameter acquisition module and the displacement efficiency model module, and is configured to confirm the displacement efficiency value based on the static parameters, real-time dynamic parameters and displacement efficiency model of the cementing wellbore.

[0061] According to another aspect of the invention, a computer device is also provided. The computer device includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program. The computer program is executed by the processor, causing the processor to execute the computer program for at least one of the displacement efficiency real-time online simulation method and cementing operation method according to the invention.

[0062] According to another aspect of the invention, a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program is also provided. This computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform at least one of the real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency and the cementing operation method according to the invention. This computer-readable recording medium is any data storage device capable of storing data read from a computer system. Examples of computer-readable recording media include: read-only memory, random access memory, read-only optical disk, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage device, and carrier waves (such as data transmission via the Internet through wired or wireless transmission paths).

[0063] To better understand the above examples of the present invention, further explanation is provided below with reference to specific examples and accompanying drawings, but the examples given are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] In this example, addressing the challenge of real-time monitoring and decision-making regarding annular displacement efficiency during cementing operations, a real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency was established. This method enables dynamic quantitative adjustment of operational parameters at the cementing site to meet the requirements of optimal annular displacement efficiency. Figure 1 As shown, the method can be implemented through the following steps:

[0066] S1: Obtain static parameters and real-time dynamic parameters of the cementing wellbore; static parameters include wellbore structure, wellbore trajectory, axial temperature distribution of the wellbore, and tubing string centering; real-time dynamic parameters include cementing pressure, flow rate, density, and rheological properties.

[0067] More specifically, a basic data file for the cementing wellbore is established, including static parameters such as wellbore structure, wellbore trajectory, axial temperature distribution of the wellbore, and tubing string centering. To enable wireless portable mobility of the computing terminal, a local area network is established at the well site using the TCP / IP protocol to collect dynamic parameters such as cementing pressure, flow rate, density, and rheological properties in real time.

[0068] A time step is set to control the calculation frequency of the replacement efficiency value.

[0069] S2: Establish a displacement efficiency model that considers the retention rate of drilling fluid in the annulus.

[0070] More specifically, to improve the accuracy of annular displacement efficiency calculations in cementing operations, the influence of residual mud film on displacement efficiency was fully considered. Based on indoor spacer flushing test data before cementing operations, a spacer flushing efficiency equation for this cementing operation was fitted and established, which was used as a factor influencing displacement efficiency. The influencing factors of spacer flushing efficiency were confirmed through the spacer flushing efficiency equation model. The spacer flushing efficiency equation was established by fitting indoor spacer flushing test data obtained before cementing operations, and its fitting curve is shown below. Figure 2a , Figure 2b , Figure 2c , Figure 2d As shown.

[0071] The equation model for the efficiency of the isolation fluid flushing includes the following models:

[0072] Model for the efficiency and density of the isolation fluid flushing: y = 86.17 - 0.00353 × exp(3.87 × x1);

[0073] The relationship between the flushing efficiency of the isolation fluid and the Reynolds number model:

[0074] Model for the efficiency of the isolation fluid flushing versus the flushing time: y = 85.6 - 785 × exp(-1.149 × x³);

[0075] Model of isolation fluid flushing efficiency and annular return velocity:

[0076] Where y is the flushing efficiency of the isolation fluid; x1 is the density of the isolation fluid; x2 is the Reynolds number of the isolation fluid; x3 is the flushing time; and x4 is the annular return velocity.

[0077] S3: Input static parameters and real-time dynamic parameters into the replacement efficiency model and confirm the replacement efficiency value.

[0078] Furthermore, the displacement efficiency model (displacement efficiency calculation kernel) comprehensively considers the influence of the retention rate of the annular drilling fluid and the flushing efficiency of the wellbore mud film. When evaluating the displacement efficiency of the sealed section, the retention rate of the drilling fluid is first determined. When the retention rate of the drilling fluid in the cross section is ≤10%, the flushing efficiency of the wellbore mud film is then considered. Finally, the filling rate of the annular cement slurry, i.e. the displacement efficiency value, is calculated.

[0079] More specifically, the basic data of the cementing wellbore and the dynamic parameters collected in real time are read into the displacement efficiency calculation kernel, and the displacement efficiency is calculated, stored and visualized in real time at a certain time step.

[0080] Furthermore, the step size can also be determined by the user.

[0081] Furthermore, when the length of the annular cementing fluid column increases by 100-200 meters, the time step increases by 5-10 seconds to achieve frequency reduction calculation. For example, when the length of the annular cementing fluid column increases by 100 meters, the time step increases by 5 seconds.

[0082] This method has been tested in 12 wells in high-pressure gas areas B and C of Oilfield A. It has significantly improved real-time decision-making capabilities during field operations, with an average cementing quality pass rate of 87.22% in the test wells. This solves the problem of low annular displacement efficiency caused by large discrepancies between cementing engineering design parameters and actual operating parameters. It is foreseeable that, at least for the next 3-5 years, this technology can effectively improve the annular sealing quality of complex wellbores, saving 226,000 yuan per well in remediation costs for annular air leakage caused by poor sealing quality.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] This example provides a method for real-time online simulation of substitution efficiency, which may include:

[0085] S1, S2, and S3 are the same as in Example 1;

[0086] And step S4: interpolate the substitution efficiency values ​​and plot the substitution efficiency cloud map. The process is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0087] More specifically, this example employs adjustable time steps and multi-threading technology to avoid high system resource occupancy and system downtime risks caused by real-time data reception, calculation, cloud map drawing, and storage. The adjustable time step technology for online simulation of real-time displacement efficiency in cementing operations refers to calculating annular displacement efficiency after the separator fluid enters the casing annulus. In the early stages of the calculation phase, the annular well section involved in real-time calculation is relatively short, and the amount of grid data calculated, displayed, and stored is small. During this phase, users can set a shorter time step, resulting in a high calculation frequency and good accuracy in calculating annular displacement efficiency. As the cementing process progresses, the length of the annular cementing fluid column increases, and the amount of grid data calculated, displayed, and stored increases accordingly. At this point, the time step can be appropriately increased by 5 to 10 seconds to achieve a balance between calculation accuracy and simulation system performance.

[0088] Furthermore, multithreading technology can also be used to solve the problem of high system resource occupancy in the later stages of real-time simulation. This mainly includes thread control for efficient multithreaded computation, sub-threaded plotting of computation result cloud maps, and data storage. Its multithreaded control flowchart is shown below. Figure 4 As shown, it includes:

[0089] S41. Initialize the Timer object, setting the interval (interval) and the maximum number of threads (ThNo).

[0090] S42. Determine if the current number of threads exceeds the maximum number of threads ThNo; if yes, no new threads can be created; if not, request a new permission.

[0091] S43. Obtain permission, create a new thread, and preprocess the real-time data.

[0092] S44. Calculate the real-time replacement efficiency based on the preprocessed real-time data, and calculate and update the slope replacement efficiency value of the point of interest based on the real-time replacement efficiency.

[0093] S45. Start the drawing sub-thread and the saving sub-thread, release the permission, and close the current thread.

[0094] Example 3

[0095] This example provides a cementing operation method that dynamically and quantitatively adjusts surface process and engineering parameters in real time based on the displacement efficiency of any well depth section and / or the overall displacement efficiency of the annulus during the cementing operation, in order to ensure the optimal displacement efficiency of the annulus. The displacement efficiency is obtained according to any one of the online simulation methods in Example 1 or 2.

[0096] More specifically, unlike the displacement efficiency simulation in the cementing engineering design stage, the real-time displacement efficiency online simulation method used in cementing operations allows for the querying of cross-sectional displacement efficiency and overall annular displacement efficiency at any well depth during cementing operations, since the real-time displacement efficiency data of the annular grid is dynamically stored in the database, according to the needs of the on-site users.

[0097] Furthermore, after the on-site cementing operation is completed, the operational parameters stored in the database can be post-evaluated. Cementing technicians can export the data and adjust the parameters during the operation, such as changing parameters like displacement, density, and rheological properties. They can also further evaluate and quantify the impact of these changes on displacement efficiency, so as to continuously optimize process parameters in subsequent similar well operations.

[0098] Example 4

[0099] An implementation example of this invention is given using the cementing of a 196.85mm tailpipe in Well E of Gas Zone D as an example.

[0100] Before cementing operations at Well E, static parameters such as wellbore structure, wellbore trajectory, axial temperature distribution in the wellbore, tubing string centering, and wellbore diameter, along with the cementing and displacement operation procedures, are recorded and compiled into a dedicated data file. A local area network (LAN) is established at the operation site using TCP / IP protocol, enabling the real-time online displacement efficiency simulation terminal equipment to receive real-time surface parameters for cementing operations, including flow rate, pressure, density, and operation stage. The prepared dedicated data file is then read into the real-time online displacement efficiency simulation system for cementing operations. On-site cementing operation parameters are transmitted in real-time to the displacement efficiency calculation kernel, which outputs the calculated displacement efficiency value.

[0101] The total volume of cementing fluid used in this cementing operation was 65m³. 3 When the pre-cementing separator fluid enters the annulus for 20m... 3 Previously, the time step for real-time displacement efficiency simulation was set to 5 seconds, and multi-threading mode was automatically enabled; 20m of cementing fluid was injected. 3 In the subsequent stages, the time step was set to 10 seconds to reduce the frequency of real-time calculations and cloud map refreshes. The entire cementing operation lasted approximately 110 minutes. Even with reduced real-time calculations and cloud map refresh rates, the results were still able to be characterized with relatively high precision.

[0102] Changes in annular displacement efficiency. In the later stages of the cementing and fluid replacement phase, on-site technicians observed from the displacement efficiency cloud map that a significant amount of drilling fluid remained in the well section deeper than 3300m, resulting in a low displacement efficiency of only 62.2%. Therefore, operational parameters were strengthened, increasing the fluid displacement rate from 19 L / s to 23 L / s, which gradually improved the displacement efficiency. The final annular displacement efficiency calculated using the real-time online displacement efficiency simulation method for this cementing operation was 85.8%, which is consistent with the subsequent electrical logging cementing quality pass rate of 82.6%.

[0103] Example 5

[0104] This example provides a real-time online simulation device for substitution efficiency, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the real-time online simulation device for substitution efficiency includes a parameter acquisition module 100, a substitution efficiency model module 110, and a substitution efficiency confirmation module 120.

[0105] The parameter acquisition module 100 is configured to acquire static parameters of the cementing wellbore and collect real-time dynamic parameters; the displacement efficiency model module 110 is configured to establish a displacement efficiency model that considers the retention rate of drilling fluid in the annulus; the displacement efficiency confirmation module 120 is connected to the parameter acquisition module 100 and the displacement efficiency model module 110, and is configured to confirm the displacement efficiency value based on the static parameters of the cementing wellbore, the real-time dynamic parameters, and the displacement efficiency model.

[0106] Example 6

[0107] This example provides a computer device, including:

[0108] At least one processor;

[0109] A memory storing program instructions configured to be executed by the at least one processor, the program instructions including instructions for executing a real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency according to Example 1 or 2, or instructions for executing a cementing operation method according to Example 3.

[0110] Example 7

[0111] This example provides a computer-readable storage medium.

[0112] The storage medium stores a computer program. When the computer program instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency as in Example 1 or 2, or the cementing operation method as in Example 3.

[0113] The computer-readable storage medium can be any data storage device that stores data that can be read by a computer system. Examples of computer-readable storage media include: read-only memory, random access memory, read-only optical disc, magnetic tape, floppy disk, optical data storage device, and carrier waves (such as data transmission via the Internet through wired or wireless transmission paths).

[0114] In summary, the beneficial effects include:

[0115] (1) The real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency provided by the present invention can input the field parameters of actual cementing operation into the mathematical model of displacement efficiency to calculate the transient displacement efficiency value of the annulus through frequency conversion. The obtained displacement efficiency value is more accurate, and the evaluation decision of cementing annulus displacement efficiency is no longer limited to the design stage before cementing operation. It can transiently calculate and display the displacement quality of annulus cement slurry on drilling fluid, thereby quantifying the real-time displacement parameters for decision-making.

[0116] (2) The real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency and the cementing operation method provided by the present invention can effectively improve the annular sealing quality of complex wellbore and ensure the cementing operation quality of deep, complex wells and unconventional oil and gas wells.

[0117] (3) The real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency and the cementing operation method provided by the present invention promote the digital transformation and intelligent development of cementing. The technical modules that apply the real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency and the cementing operation method have the prospect of large-scale promotion and application, and can serve the cementing construction operation in oil and gas fields.

[0118] Although the invention has been described above with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for real-time online simulation of substitution efficiency, characterized in that, The method includes: S1. Obtain static parameters and real-time dynamic parameters of the cementing wellbore; the static parameters include wellbore structure, wellbore trajectory, axial temperature distribution of the wellbore, and tubing string centering; the real-time dynamic parameters include cementing pressure, flow rate, density, and rheological properties. S2. Establish a displacement efficiency model that considers the retention rate of drilling fluid in the annulus; and S3. Input the static parameters and real-time dynamic parameters into the replacement efficiency model and confirm the replacement efficiency value; Step S2 further includes: when the cross-sectional drilling fluid retention rate is ≤10%, establishing a displacement efficiency model that considers the influence of the annular drilling fluid retention rate and the isolation fluid flushing efficiency. The influencing factors of the isolation fluid flushing efficiency were identified by the isolation fluid flushing efficiency equation model, which was established by fitting indoor isolation fluid flushing test data obtained before cementing operations. The equation model for the efficiency of the isolation fluid flushing includes the following models: Model of isolation fluid flushing efficiency and density: ; The relationship between the flushing efficiency of the isolation fluid and the Reynolds number model: ; Model of isolation fluid flushing efficiency versus flushing time: ; Model of isolation fluid flushing efficiency and annular return velocity: ; in, To improve the efficiency of the isolation fluid flushing; Density of the isolation fluid; The Reynolds number of the isolation fluid; This refers to the rinsing time; For circular return speed.

2. The real-time online simulation method for substitution efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 further includes: A time step is set to control the calculation frequency of the replacement efficiency value.

3. The real-time online simulation method for substitution efficiency according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the length of the working fluid column in the annular cementing increases by 100-200 meters, the time step increases by 5-10 seconds.

4. The real-time online simulation method for substitution efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: S4, interpolating the substitution efficiency value to draw a substitution efficiency cloud map.

5. A real-time online simulation device for substitution efficiency, characterized in that, The real-time online simulation device for substitution efficiency is used to implement the real-time online simulation method for substitution efficiency as described in claim 1, and includes a parameter acquisition module, a substitution efficiency model module, and a substitution efficiency confirmation module, wherein... The parameter acquisition module is configured to acquire static parameters of the cement wellbore and collect real-time dynamic parameters. The displacement efficiency model module is configured to establish a displacement efficiency model that takes into account the retention rate of annular drilling fluid. The displacement efficiency confirmation module is connected to the parameter acquisition module and the displacement efficiency model module, and is configured to confirm the displacement efficiency value based on the static parameters, real-time dynamic parameters and displacement efficiency model of the cementing wellbore.

6. A cementing operation method, characterized in that, The cementing operation method includes: Based on the displacement efficiency of any well depth section and / or the overall displacement efficiency of the annulus during cementing operations, the surface process and engineering parameters are dynamically and quantitatively adjusted in real time to ensure the optimal displacement efficiency of the annulus is achieved. The displacement efficiency is obtained by the online simulation method according to any one of claims 1-4.

7. A computer device, characterized in that, The computer device includes: At least one processor; and A memory storing program instructions, wherein the program instructions are configured to be executed by the at least one processor, the program instructions including instructions for performing the real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency according to any one of claims 1-4 or the cementing operation method according to claim 6.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the real-time online simulation method for displacement efficiency as described in any one of claims 1-4 or the cementing operation method as described in claim 6.

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