Prediction method, system, device and storage medium for water distribution in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract

The embodiment of the present invention discloses a method, system, device and storage medium for predicting water distribution in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The method includes: determining a velocity vector to determine a liquid saturation s; determining a transfer current density F; determining an effective ion conductivity coefficient of an electric potential. The overall water distribution inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is determined according to the velocity vector liquid saturation s, the transfer current density F, and the effective ion conductivity coefficient of the electric potential.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and in particular to a method, system, device and storage medium for predicting water distribution in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] The outstanding features of polymer membrane fuel cells include high efficiency, low operating temperature, pollution-free electricity production, high energy density, wide variety, and short start-up time, making them an option for power generation for transportation and portable vehicles. Although many advances have been made in recent years to improve the overall performance of the cell, a major limitation of polymer membrane fuel cells is the phase change and the transfer of the two phases of liquid and water vapor. The water capacity of the fuel cell is achieved through the water balance when the cell is operating.

[0003] Water transfer factors include electroosmotic resistance, back diffusion from the cathode, and diffusion and displacement of water in the gas injected into the cell. Electroosmotic resistance depends on the amount of water attracted along the osmotic action of the protons, and it is estimated that 1-2.5 molecules are transported per proton. During battery operation, water is produced in the catalyst layer of the cathode, which increases the concentration of water on the cathode side, resulting in a concentration gradient. Under this gradient, water from the cathode to the anode returns to the anode. The moisture rate in the fuel and air together with the above two mechanisms affects the transfer and change of the water phase. The percentage of incoming water is used to manage the water in the battery.

[0004] It is necessary to have a high membrane water capacity, especially at high current densities, to ensure high ionic conductivity in the electrolyte of polymer membrane fuel cells; high ionic conduction of the electrolyte occurs when the membrane is fully hydrated to improve the efficiency of the fuel cell. If the water rate in the cell is higher than the allowed level, water will condense and liquid water will block the pores of the gas diffusion layer (floating phenomenon), making it difficult to achieve the result of transferring the active gas to the catalyst layer. If the water level is low, the conduction of ions will be reduced, and it will be difficult to adhere the membrane to the electrode. Cell performance under dry conditions will seriously reduce the life of the membrane. Based on the above limitations, studying the transfer and changes of the water phase is very necessary for polymer membrane fuel cells.

[0005] There are many studies predicting the distribution of water in polymer membrane fuel cells under single-phase conditions. Ju et al. studied a three-dimensional model of a polymer membrane cell and investigated the water and heat transfer phenomena within the cell. Djilali et al. studied the effects of water vapor transfer and temperature by proposing a three-dimensional and variable temperature model and performing parametric studies on the cell and investigated the sensitivity of various parameters of the cell. Wang et al. established a temperature model inside a polymer fuel cell by establishing a single-phase, temperature-variable model. Rowe and Li and Mishra et al. studied a two-phase fuel cell model. These models are one-dimensional and the variation of different parameters is studied only in the thickness direction of the cell layer. Nam and Kaviany focused on the effect of the gas diffusion layer structure by considering a one-dimensional model of two-phase transfer. Hwang chose a two-phase model and studied the cathode-cell electrode. Pasaogullari et al. proposed a two-phase and variable temperature model and studied the transfer of water and heat in the gas diffusion layer of the cathode of a polymer membrane fuel cell. Wang and Wang established a two-phase variable temperature model based on a multiphase mixing model and studied the importance of water and heat transfer through gas phase diffusion in polymer membrane fuel cells.

[0006] In this study, a two-dimensional model of a polymer membrane fuel cell including flow channels, gas diffusion layers, catalyst layers and membranes was established by considering the two-phase behavior of water, and the effects of different water transfer methods and buoyancy on the cell performance were studied. Summary of the invention

[0007] Based on this, it is necessary to propose a prediction method, system, device and storage medium for water distribution in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell to address the above problems.

[0008] A method for predicting water distribution in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the method comprising:

[0009] Determine the velocity vector

[0010] Determine the liquid saturation s;

[0011] Determine the transfer current density F;

[0012] Determine the effective ionic conductivity of the potential

[0013] According to the velocity vector Liquid saturation s, transfer current density F, effective ion conductivity coefficient of potential Determine the overall water distribution inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell respectively.

[0014] In the above scheme, the speed vector is determined Specifically include: Through the continuity equation Determine the velocity vector Where ρ is the density of the mixture of gas and liquid, ρ = ρ l s+ρ g (1-s); ρ l is the density of the gas mixture, ρ g is the density of the liquid, (1-s) is the ratio of the volume of the mixed gas to the total volume, s is the ratio of the volume of the liquid to the total volume,

[0015] In the above scheme, the determination of liquid saturation s specifically includes: according to the momentum survival equation Determine the liquid saturation s; where P, τ, and ε are pressure, shear stress, and porosity coefficient, respectively; K is the permeability of the porous medium, μ is the viscosity of the two-phase mixture, ν l and ν g is the resultant viscosity of the liquid and gas mixture, k rl and k rg are the relative permeabilities of the liquid and gas phases, respectively, and k rl =s 3 , k rg =(1-s) 3 .

[0016] In the above scheme, the determination of the transfer current density F specifically includes: according to the survival equation

[0017] Determine the transfer current density F; where C i and M i is the total concentration and molecular mass of component i, γ c is the displacement factor, S k is the spring term for water in the catalyst layer, S k is the spring term generated by the water in the membrane layer due to the electroosmotic resistance, S k is the spring term for the water in the membrane due to the electroosmotic resistance: sto i are the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactions on the anode and cathode sides, and F, I, j, and n are the transfer current density, current density, Faraday constant, and number of electrons, respectively.

[0018] In the above scheme, the displacement factor γ c Correction for the transfer of components between phases in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, λ l and λ gare the relative fluidities of the liquid and gas phases, respectively; k is used for subtitles, l for liquids, and g for gases.

[0019] In the above scheme, the effective ion conductivity coefficient of the determined potential is Specifically include: According to the charge survival equation Determine the effective ionic conductivity of the potential Among them, κ eff is the effective ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, S e =j,

[0020]

[0021] α a is the anode transfer coefficient in the hydrogen oxidation reaction, α c is the cathode transfer coefficient, α c is the cathode transfer coefficient in the oxygen reduction reaction, and the anode additional potential specifies η = φ s -φ e -U o (φ s =0, Y o =0), the additional anode potential is specified as η = φ s -φ e -U 0 (φ s =V cell , U o =1.23-0.9×10 -3 (T-298.15)).

[0022] In the above scheme, the velocity vector Liquid saturation s, transfer current density F, effective ion conductivity coefficient of potential Determine the overall water distribution inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell respectively, specifically including: Determine the relative humidity of the anode and cathode in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0023] A prediction system for water distribution in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the system comprising: a parameter determination unit, a prediction unit;

[0024] The parameter determination unit is used to determine the velocity vector Determine the liquid saturation s, determine the transfer current density F, determine the effective ion conductivity coefficient of the potential

[0025] The prediction unit is used to predict the speed vector Liquid saturation s, transfer current density F, effective ion conductivity coefficient of potential Determine the overall water distribution inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell respectively.

[0026] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the following steps:

[0027] Determine the velocity vector

[0028] Determine the liquid saturation s;

[0029] Determine the transfer current density F;

[0030] Determine the effective ionic conductivity of the potential

[0031] According to the velocity vector Liquid saturation s, transfer current density F, effective ion conductivity coefficient of potential Determine the overall water distribution inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell respectively.

[0032] A computer device comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the following steps:

[0033] Determine the velocity vector

[0034] Determine the liquid saturation s;

[0035] Determine the transfer current density F;

[0036] Determine the effective ionic conductivity of the potential

[0037] According to the velocity vector Liquid saturation s, transfer current density F, effective ion conductivity coefficient of potential Determine the overall water distribution inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell respectively.

[0038] The embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0039] The present invention predicts the water distribution in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell to ensure the hydration of the membrane and minimize the significant loss of the membrane, thereby improving the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0041] in:

[0042] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method for predicting water distribution in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in one embodiment;

[0043] Figure 2 A voltage curve of a method for predicting water distribution in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in one embodiment - a current density curve at different levels of cathode moisture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, a method for predicting water distribution in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided. The method is implemented by the following steps:

[0046] Step 101: Determine the velocity vector

[0047] Specifically, through the continuity equation Determine the velocity vector Where ρ is the density of the mixture of gas and liquid, ρ = ρ l s+ρ g (1-s); ρ l is the density of the gas mixture, ρ g is the density of the liquid, (1-s) is the ratio of the volume of the mixed gas to the total volume, s is the ratio of the volume of the liquid to the total volume,

[0048] Step 102: Determine the liquid saturation s;

[0049] Specifically, according to the momentum survival equation Determine the liquid saturation s; where P, τ, and ε are pressure, shear stress, and porosity coefficient, respectively; K is the permeability of the porous medium, μ is the viscosity of the two-phase mixture,

[0050] v l and v g is the resultant viscosity of the liquid and gas mixture, k rl and k rg are the relative permeabilities of the liquid and gas phases, respectively, and k rl =s 3 , k rg (1-s) 3 .

[0051] Step 103: Determine the transfer current density F;

[0052] Specifically, according to the survival equation

[0053] Determine the transfer current density F; where C i and M i is the total concentration and molecular mass of component i, γ c is the displacement factor, S k is the spring term for water in the catalyst layer, S k is the spring term generated by the water in the membrane layer due to the electroosmotic resistance, S k is the spring term for the water in the membrane due to the electroosmotic resistance: sto i are the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactions on the anode and cathode sides, and F, I, j, and n are the transfer current density, current density, Faraday constant, and number of electrons, respectively.

[0054] The displacement factor γ c Correction for the transfer of components between phases in proton exchange membrane fuel cells,

[0055] λ l and λ g are the relative fluidities of the liquid and gas phases, respectively; k is used for subtitles, l for liquids, and g for gases.

[0056] Step 104: Determine the effective ionic conductivity of the potential

[0057] Specifically, according to the charge survival equation Determine the effective ionic conductivity of the potential Among them, κ eff is the effective ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, S e =j,

[0058]

[0059] α a is the anode transfer coefficient in the hydrogen oxidation reaction, α c is the cathode transfer coefficient, α c is the cathode transfer coefficient in the oxygen reduction reaction, and the anode additional potential specifies η = φ s -φ e -U o (φ s =0,U o =0), the additional anode potential is specified as η = φ s -φ e -U 0 (φ s =V cell , U o =1.23-0.9×10 -3 (T-298.15)).

[0060] Step 105: According to the velocity vector Liquid saturation s, transfer current density F, effective ion conductivity coefficient of potential Determine the overall water distribution inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell respectively.

[0061] Specifically, according to

[0062] Determine the relative humidity of the anode and cathode in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0063] I ref is a random ratio, which refers to the ratio of reagents to reactants required for an electrochemical reaction to produce a reference current density.

[0064] By predicting the water distribution in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the hydration of the membrane can be ensured and the significant loss of the membrane can be minimized, thereby improving the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0065] Two-phase model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell at three positions: (1) 100% relative anode moisture and 25% relative cathode moisture, (RHa=100%, RHc=25%); (2) 100% relative anode moisture and 50% relative cathode moisture (RHa=100%, RHc=50%) and (3) anode and cathode fully hydrated and 100% relative moisture development (RHa=100%, RHc=100%).

[0066] like Figure 2, the voltage-current curves for different percentages of cathode moisture are shown. At low current densities where no phase change occurs inside the fuel cell, the cell performance increases with increasing moisture content at the cathode inlet. In this case, one significant drop is dominant compared to the other drops, and this drop decreases with increasing membrane moisture content. As the current density increases, the cell performance decreases with increasing moisture content. With increasing inlet moisture, flotation occurs over a larger area of ​​the cathode gas diffusion layer, while when the inlet gas is entirely moisture, flotation occurs over the entire cathode gas diffusion layer. This phenomenon causes the porosity of the gas distribution layer to close, reducing the amount of oxygen reaching the gas distribution layer, and therefore, the cell performance decreases; since the cell power is the product of the cell voltage multiplied by the current density, the phenomenon has a similar effect on the power density curve, with the maximum power being achieved at relatively low cathode moisture.

[0067] Therefore, it is proved that the moisture percentage at the cathode inlet has a great influence on the performance of the fuel cell. Unlike the moisture of the cathode inlet gas, the floating occurs in the entire cathode gas diffusion layer. When the moisture percentage at the cathode inlet is low, the water phase change in the cathode gas diffusion layer occurs at the end, and the buoyancy phenomenon along its entire length is not visible.

[0068] When the oxygen entering the cathode channel is completely water, the membrane is hydrated during battery operation, resulting in optimal battery performance at low current density; but at high current density, as water condenses, the entire cathode gas diffusion layer floats and battery performance decreases. When the inlet oxygen is not completely humid, battery performance at low current density is insufficient; however, at high current density, battery performance is optimal.

[0069] Inlet cathode moisture percentage is a factor that affects the aqueous phase change used to manage water in polymer membrane fuel cells.

[0070] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the following steps:

[0071] Step 101: Determine the velocity vector

[0072] Step 102: Determine the liquid saturation s;

[0073] Step 103: Determine the transfer current density F;

[0074] Step 104: Determine the effective ionic conductivity of the potential

[0075] Step 105: According to the velocity vector Liquid saturation s, transfer current density F, effective ion conductivity coefficient of potential Determine the overall water distribution inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell respectively.

[0076] In one embodiment, a prediction system for water distribution in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is provided. The system includes: a parameter determination unit, a prediction unit;

[0077] The parameter determination unit is used to determine the velocity vector Determine the liquid saturation s, determine the transfer current density F, determine the effective ion conductivity coefficient of the potential

[0078] The prediction unit is used to predict the speed vector Liquid saturation s, transfer current density F, effective ion conductivity coefficient of potential Determine the overall water distribution inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell respectively.

[0079] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, storing a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor performs the following steps:

[0080] Step 101: Determine the velocity vector

[0081] Step 102: Determine the liquid saturation s;

[0082] Step 103: Determine the transfer current density F;

[0083] Step 104: Determine the effective ionic conductivity of the potential

[0084] Step 105: According to the velocity vector Liquid saturation s, transfer current density F, effective ion conductivity coefficient of potential Determine the overall water distribution inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell respectively.

[0085] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to memory, storage, database or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. As an illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).

[0086] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0087] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for predicting water distribution in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, characterized in that: The method comprises: Determine the velocity vector Specifically include: Through the continuity equation Determine the velocity vector Where ρ is the density of the mixture of gas and liquid, ρ = p l s+ρ g (1-s); ρ l is the density of the gas mixture, ρ g is the density of the liquid, (1-s) is the ratio of the volume of the mixed gas to the total volume, s is the ratio of the volume of the liquid to the total volume, Determine the liquid saturation S, specifically including: According to the momentum survival equation Determine the liquid saturation S; where P, τ, and ε are pressure, shear stress, and porosity coefficient, respectively; K is the permeability of the porous medium, μ is the viscosity of the two-phase mixture, ν l and ν g is the resultant viscosity of the liquid and gas mixture, k rl and k rg are the relative permeabilities of the liquid and gas phases, respectively, and k rl =s 3 , k rg (1-s) 3 ; Determine the transfer current density I, specifically including: According to the survival equation Determine the transfer current density I; where C i and M i is the total concentration and molecular mass of component i, γ c is the displacement factor, is the gas effective diffusion component coefficient, is the mass ratio of component i in the liquid phase, S k is the source term of water in the catalyst layer, S k is the source term of water generated in the membrane layer due to electroosmotic resistance, S k is the source term of water in the film layer, sto i is the stoichiometric coefficient of the reaction on the anode and cathode sides, n d is the electroosmotic resistance coefficient, F, I, j and n are Faraday constant, transfer current density, transport current and electron number, respectively; The displacement factor γ c Correction for the transfer of components between phases in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, λ l and λ g are the relative fluidities of the liquid and gas phases, respectively; l is for liquids, g is for gases, is the total concentration of component water, is the mass of component water, is the saturation of the component water; Determine the effective ionic conductivity coefficient of the electric potential Specifically include: According to the charge survival equation Determine the effective ionic conductivity coefficient of the electric potential Among them, κ eff is the effective ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, S e =j, j a is the anode transport current, j c is the cathode transfer current, is the base transfer coefficient for exchange current density, α a is the anode transfer coefficient in the hydrogen oxidation reaction, α c is the cathode transfer coefficient in the oxygen reduction reaction, is the concentration of hydrogen in the redox reaction, is the concentration of oxygen in the redox reaction, is the baseline hydrogen concentration, is the reference oxygen concentration, R is the general gas constant, T is the temperature, η is the additional potential, and the anode additional potential is specified as ε = φ s -φ e -U o (φ s =0,U o =0), the cathode additional potential stipulates η = φ s -φ e -U0(φ s =V cell ,U o =1.23-0.9×10 -3 (T-298.15)), φ s is the solid potential, φ e is the electrolyte potential, U0 is the open circuit potential; According to the velocity vector Liquid saturation S, transfer current density I, effective ion conductivity coefficient of potential Determine the overall water distribution inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell respectively, specifically including: Determine the relative humidity of the anode and cathode in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, where: The anode is the inlet hydrogen concentration, is the cathode inlet oxygen concentration, u a，in is the anode inlet velocity, u c，in is the cathode inlet velocity, I ref is the base current density, A react is the water activity of the reaction water, A a，in is the water activity at the anode inlet, A c，in is the water activity at the cathode inlet.

2. A prediction system for water distribution in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, characterized in that: The system comprises: a parameter determination unit and a prediction unit; The parameter determination unit is used to determine the velocity vector Determine the liquid saturation S, determine the transfer current density I, determine the effective ion conductivity coefficient of the potential Among them, determine the velocity vector Specifically include: Through the continuity equation Determine the velocity vector Where ρ is the density of the mixture of gas and liquid, ρ = ρ l s+ρ g (1-s); ρ l is the density of the gas mixture, ρ g is the density of the liquid, (1-s) is the ratio of the volume of the mixed gas to the total volume, s is the ratio of the volume of the liquid to the total volume, Determine the liquid saturation S, specifically including: According to the momentum survival equation Determine the liquid saturation S; where P, τ, and ε are pressure, shear stress, and porosity coefficient, respectively; K is the permeability of the porous medium, μ is the viscosity of the two-phase mixture, v l and v g is the resultant viscosity of the liquid and gas mixture, k rl and k rg are the relative permeabilities of the liquid and gas phases, respectively, and k r1 =s 3 , k rg =(1-s) 3 ; Determine the transfer current density I, specifically including: According to the survival equation Determine the transfer current density I; where C i and M i is the total concentration and molecular mass of component i, γ c is the displacement factor, is the gas effective diffusion component coefficient, is the mass ratio of component i in the liquid phase, S k is the source term of water in the catalyst layer, S k is the source term of water generated in the membrane layer due to electroosmotic resistance, S k is the source term of water in the film layer, sto i is the stoichiometric coefficient of the reaction on the anode and cathode sides, n d is the electroosmotic resistance coefficient, F, I, j and n are Faraday constant, transfer current density, transport current and electron number, respectively; The displacement factor γ c Correction for the transfer of components between phases in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, λ l and λ g are the relative fluidities of the liquid and gas phases, respectively; l is for liquids, g is for gases, is the total concentration of component water, is the mass of component water, is the saturation of the component water; Determine the effective ionic conductivity coefficient of the electric potential Specifically include: According to the charge survival equation Determine the effective ionic conductivity coefficient of the electric potential Among them, κ eff is the effective ionic conductivity of the electrolyte, S e =j, j a is the anode transport current, j c is the cathode transfer current, is the base transfer coefficient for exchange current density, α a is the anode transfer coefficient in the hydrogen oxidation reaction, α c is the cathode transfer coefficient in the oxygen reduction reaction, is the concentration of hydrogen in the redox reaction, is the concentration of oxygen in the redox reaction, is the baseline hydrogen concentration, is the reference oxygen concentration, R is the general gas constant, T is the temperature, η is the additional potential, and the anode additional potential is specified The cathode additional potential is specified as η = φ s -φ e -U0(φ s =V cell ,U o =1.23-0.9×10 -3 (T-298.15)), φ s is the solid potential, φ e is the electrolyte potential, U0 is the open circuit potential; The prediction unit is used to predict the speed vector Liquid saturation S, transfer current density I, effective ion conductivity coefficient of potential Determine the overall water distribution inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cell respectively, specifically including: Determine the relative humidity of the anode and cathode in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, where: The anode is the inlet hydrogen concentration, is the cathode inlet oxygen concentration, u a，in is the anode inlet velocity, u c，in is the cathode inlet velocity, I ref is the base current density, A react is the water activity of the reaction water, A a，in is the water activity at the anode inlet, A c，in is the water activity at the cathode inlet.

3. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the steps of the method according to claim 1.

4. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the method according to claim 1.

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