A system and method for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station

Abstract

The present invention discloses a system and method for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station, belonging to the field of space sewage treatment. A system and method for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station introduce a dynamic regulation system through the space station sewage treatment and reuse system to achieve on-demand adjustment of various water consumption amounts and oxygen demands. Through a Sabatier reactor, a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and a water electrolysis device, combined with a methane fuel cell and a dynamic distribution device as the dynamic regulation system. On the one hand, the dynamic regulation system reasonably distributes and adjusts the amounts of sanitary water, water for the water electrolysis device, and drinking water according to the different water usage requirements of the space station, ensuring the stability of the water used by astronauts for living and working; on the other hand, the dynamic regulation system realizes the flexible conversion of water and oxygen, making the resource distribution in the space station more reasonable. At the same time, it is convenient to control the ratio of water and oxygen, reducing the volume occupied by the existing oxygen storage in high-pressure sealed tanks and saving space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of aerospace sewage treatment, and in particular, to a system and method for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station. Background Art

[0002] Manned spaceflight is an extremely complex and difficult aerospace project in the world today. Its development is inseparable from the design and manufacture of manned spacecraft such as space stations. Among them, the environmental control and life support system (hereinafter referred to as the ECALS) is a key component of manned spacecraft, and its basic function is to create a basic living condition and a suitable working environment for astronauts in a closed space. The ECALS in the space station is to build a recyclable system similar to the earth environment in the confined and narrow space station cabin to achieve the recycling and reuse of consumable materials in the space station. The ECALS in the space station mainly includes five parts: an oxygen regeneration system, a sewage treatment and reuse system, an atmospheric pressure and composition control system, a cabin temperature and humidity control system, and a sanitation and waste management system. Among them, according to the characteristics of the water source and the use of the recycled water, the sewage treatment and reuse system can be divided into a condensate sewage (including CO2 reduction produced water) treatment subsystem, a sanitary sewage treatment subsystem, and a urine treatment subsystem. The urine treatment and reuse task undertaken by the urine treatment subsystem is an extremely important part of the sewage treatment and reuse system. Urine is one of the most complex sewage in the space station. In addition to containing 96% - 97% of water, urine also contains impurities such as urea, sodium chloride, and various acids. As the most important pollutant among them, urea is difficult to treat.

[0003] Looking at the current methods for treating urine in the space station, its principle is mainly to separate water from urine by relying on the phase change of water. For example, the osmotic membrane evaporation technology, steam compression distillation technology, and freeze concentration technology that have been successfully applied in various space stations. China's space station uses the steam compression distillation method to treat urine, and uniformly treats and reuses the mixed sewage composed of the urine distilled water generated by the urine treatment subsystem, the condensate water generated by the condensate water collection system, and the carbon dioxide reduction water generated by the carbon dioxide collection system. During the operation process, there are problems such as urine needs to be stored up to a certain amount before subsequent treatment, pretreatment agents need to be added to the collected urine to inhibit microbial pollutants and stabilize volatile ammonia, which is costly and corrosive to equipment, there are relatively many high-concentration urea waste liquids remaining after treating urine by the steam compression distillation method, the required equipment is huge, the operation energy consumption is high and there are many consumables, the treatment of multiple sewage mixtures is difficult, and the water of different uses is not classified and treated, resulting in waste of resources. How to solve these problems and improve the water recovery rate of the system is the main goal and direction for optimizing the sewage treatment and reuse in the space station. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide a system and method for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A system for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station includes a cabin, a gas-liquid separator, a urine electrolysis module, an impurity filter, a dynamic distribution device, a sanitary water tank, a water electrolysis device, a CO2 and N2 separator, a Sabatier reactor, a methane fuel cell, a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and a drinking water treatment system;

[0007] When the drinking water, the oxygen content in the cabin, and the water level in the sanitary water tank are respectively within the preset ranges, it enters the normal working condition:

[0008] The waste liquid generated in the cabin enters the gas-liquid separator, and the urine separated by the gas-liquid separator enters the urine electrolysis module; urea in the urine is electrolyzed in the urine electrolysis module, and the electrolysis products are CO2, N2, and H2. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator, H2 enters the Sabatier reactor, and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter. The water filtered by the impurity filter enters the dynamic distribution device. After being distributed by the dynamic distribution device, a part enters the sanitary water tank, and the remaining part enters the water electrolysis device;

[0009] The water entering the water electrolysis device is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. A part of the generated H2 enters the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and the remaining H2 enters the Sabatier reactor. A part of the generated O2 enters the cabin, and the remaining O2 enters the methane fuel cell and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell;

[0010] H2 and O2 in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell react to generate water, and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin after being treated by the drinking water treatment system;

[0011] H2 and CO2 in the Sabatier reactor react to generate water and CH4. The generated CH4 enters the methane fuel cell, and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin after being treated by the drinking water treatment system;

[0012] CH4 and O2 in the methane fuel cell react to generate water and CO2. The generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin after being treated by the drinking water treatment system, and the generated CO2 enters the Sabatier reactor to participate in the reaction.

[0013] Furthermore, when the water level of the drinking water is lower than the preset amount, while the oxygen content in the cabin and the water level in the sanitary water tank are within the preset ranges, it enters the first working condition:

[0014] The dynamic distribution device distributes all the water filtered by the impurity filter after electrolysis into the water electrolysis device;

[0015] The water entering the water electrolysis device is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. A part of the generated H2 enters the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and the remaining H2 enters the Sabatier reactor. A part of the generated O2 enters the cabin, and the remaining O2 enters the methane fuel cell and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell;

[0016] The H2 and O2 in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell react to generate water, and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin after being treated by the drinking water treatment system;

[0017] The H2 and CO2 in the Sabatier reactor react to generate water and CH4. The generated CH4 enters the methane fuel cell, and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin after being treated by the drinking water treatment system;

[0018] CH4 and O2 in the methane fuel cell react to generate water and CO2. The generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin after being treated by the drinking water treatment system, and the generated CO2 enters the Sabatier reactor to participate in the reaction.

[0019] Further, when the drinking water level and the oxygen content in the cabin are within the preset range, and the water level in the sanitary water tank is lower than the preset value, then the second working condition is entered:

[0020] The waste liquid generated in the cabin enters the gas-liquid separator, and the urine separated by the gas-liquid separator enters the urine electrolysis module; the urea in the urine is electrolyzed in the urine electrolysis module, and the electrolysis products are CO2, N2 and H2. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator, H2 enters the Sabatier reactor, and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter. The water filtered by the impurity filter enters the dynamic distribution device and is all distributed into the sanitary water tank after passing through the dynamic distribution device;

[0021] The water in the water electrolysis device is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. A part of H2 and O2 enters the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, the remaining H2 enters the Sabatier reactor, another part of O2 enters the methane fuel cell, and the remaining O2 enters the cabin;

[0022] The H2 and O2 in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell react to generate water;

[0023] The H2 and CO2 in the Sabatier reactor react to generate water and CH4, and the generated CH4 enters the methane fuel cell;

[0024] In the methane fuel cell, water and CO2 are generated by the reaction of CH4 and O2. The generated CO2 enters the Sabatier reactor to participate in the reaction;

[0025] The water generated by the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, the Sabatier reactor, and the methane fuel cell all enters the impurity filter. After filtration, it enters the dynamic distribution device, and the dynamic distribution device distributes the filtered water to the sanitary water tank.

[0026] Further, when the water levels in the drinking water and sanitary water tanks are within the preset range, and the oxygen content in the cabin is lower than the preset value, then the third working condition is entered:

[0027] The waste liquid generated in the cabin enters the gas-liquid separator. The urine separated by the gas-liquid separator enters the urine electrolysis module; urea in the urine is electrolyzed in the urine electrolysis module, and the electrolysis products are CO2, N2, and H2. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator, H2 enters the Sabatier reactor, and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter. The water filtered by the impurity filter enters the dynamic distribution device, and after being distributed by the dynamic distribution device, all enters the water electrolysis device;

[0028] The water entering the water electrolysis device is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. The generated H2 enters the Sabatier reactor, and the generated O2 enters the cabin;

[0029] H2 and CO2 in the Sabatier reactor react to generate water and CH4. The generated water enters the impurity filter, and after being filtered by the impurity filter, it enters the dynamic distribution device and participates in electrolysis in the water electrolysis device after being distributed by the dynamic distribution device.

[0030] Further, the drinking water treatment system includes a second activated carbon adsorption unit, a second deionizer, a second disinfection and sterilization device, and a drinking water tank connected in sequence;

[0031] The water generated by the Sabatier reactor enters the second activated carbon adsorption unit, and the water generated by the methane fuel cell and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell enters the second disinfection and sterilization device.

[0032] Further, it also includes a condensate collection system. The condensate collection system is used to collect the water vapor in the cabin, and after condensation, it enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin after being treated by the drinking water treatment system.

[0033] Further, it also includes a carbon dioxide collection system. The carbon dioxide collection system is used to collect the carbon dioxide in the cabin, and the collected carbon dioxide enters the Sabatier reactor to participate in the reaction.

[0034] A treatment and reuse method for a system for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station, comprising the following operations:

[0035] (1) When the drinking water, the oxygen content in the cabin, and the water level in the sanitary water tank are respectively within the preset ranges, it enters the normal working condition:

[0036] The waste liquid generated in the cabin enters the gas-liquid separator, and the urine separated by the gas-liquid separator enters the urine electrolysis module; urea in the urine is electrolyzed in the urine electrolysis module, and the electrolysis products are CO2, N2, and H2. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator, H2 enters the Sabatier reactor, and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter. The water filtered by the impurity filter enters the dynamic distribution device. After being distributed by the dynamic distribution device, part of it enters the sanitary water tank, and the remaining part enters the water electrolysis device;

[0037] The water entering the water electrolysis device is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. Part of the H2 and O2 enters the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, the remaining H2 enters the Sabatier reactor, another part of the O2 enters the methane fuel cell, and the remaining O2 enters the cabin;

[0038] The H2 and O2 in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell react to generate water, and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin after being treated by the drinking water treatment system;

[0039] The H2 and CO2 in the Sabatier reactor react to generate water and CH4. The generated CH4 enters the methane fuel cell, and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin after being treated by the drinking water treatment system;

[0040] The water and CO2 generated by the reaction of CH4 and O2 in the methane fuel cell enter the drinking water treatment system and are supplied to the cabin after being treated by the drinking water treatment system, and the generated CO2 enters the Sabatier reactor to participate in the reaction;

[0041] (2) When the water level of the drinking water is lower than the preset amount, while the oxygen content in the cabin and the water level in the sanitary water tank are within the preset ranges, it enters the first working condition:

[0042] The waste liquid generated in the cabin enters the gas-liquid separator, and the urine separated by the gas-liquid separator enters the urine electrolysis module; urea in the urine is electrolyzed in the urine electrolysis module, and the electrolysis products are CO2, N2, and H2. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator, H2 enters the Sabatier reactor, and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter. The water filtered by the impurity filter enters the dynamic distribution device; the dynamic distribution device distributes all the water filtered by the impurity filter after electrolysis to the water electrolysis device;

[0043] The water entering the water electrolysis device is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. Part of the H2 and O2 enter the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, the remaining H2 enters the Sabatier reactor, another part of the O2 enters the methane fuel cell, and the remaining O2 enters the cabin;

[0044] The H2 and O2 in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell react to generate water, and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system. After being treated by the drinking water treatment system, it is supplied to the cabin;

[0045] The H2 and CO2 in the Sabatier reactor react to generate water and CH4. The generated CH4 enters the methane fuel cell, and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system. After being treated by the drinking water treatment system, it is supplied to the cabin;

[0046] The water and CO2 generated by the reaction of CH4 and O2 in the methane fuel cell enter the drinking water treatment system. After being treated by the drinking water treatment system, it is supplied to the cabin, and the generated CO2 enters the Sabatier reactor to participate in the reaction;

[0047] Repeat the first working condition until the water level of the drinking water reaches the preset amount, and then return to the normal working condition;

[0048] (3) When the water level of the drinking water and the oxygen content in the cabin are within the preset range, and the water level of the sanitary water tank is lower than the preset value, then enter the second working condition:

[0049] The waste liquid generated in the cabin enters the gas-liquid separator. The urine separated by the gas-liquid separator enters the urine electrolysis module; the urea in the urine is electrolyzed in the urine electrolysis module, and the electrolysis products are CO2, N2 and H2. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator, H2 enters the Sabatier reactor, and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter. The water filtered by the impurity filter enters the dynamic distribution device and is all distributed into the sanitary water tank through the dynamic distribution device;

[0050] The water entering the water electrolysis device is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. Part of the H2 and O2 enter the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, the remaining H2 enters the Sabatier reactor, another part of the O2 enters the methane fuel cell, and the remaining O2 enters the cabin;

[0051] The H2 and O2 in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell react to generate water;

[0052] The H2 and CO2 in the Sabatier reactor react to generate water and CH4, and the generated CH4 enters the methane fuel cell;

[0053] In the methane fuel cell, water and CO2 are generated by the reaction of CH4 and O2. The generated CO2 enters the Sabatier reactor to participate in the reaction.

[0054] The water generated by the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, the Sabatier reactor and the methane fuel cell all enters the impurity filter. After filtration, it enters the dynamic distribution device, and the dynamic distribution device distributes the filtered water to the sanitary water tank.

[0055] Repeat the second working condition until the water level in the sanitary water tank reaches the preset value, and then return to the normal working condition.

[0056] (4)When the water levels in the drinking water and sanitary water tanks are within the preset range and the oxygen content in the cabin is lower than the preset value, then enter the third working condition:

[0057] The waste liquid generated in the cabin enters the gas-liquid separator. The urine separated by the gas-liquid separator enters the urine electrolysis module. Urea in the urine is electrolyzed in the urine electrolysis module, and the electrolysis products are CO2, N2 and H2. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator, H2 enters the Sabatier reactor, and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter. The water filtered by the impurity filter enters the dynamic distribution device, and after being distributed by the dynamic distribution device, all enters the water electrolysis device.

[0058] The water entering the water electrolysis device is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. The generated H2 enters the Sabatier reactor, and the generated O2 enters the cabin.

[0059] H2 and CO2 in the Sabatier reactor react to generate water and CH4. The generated water enters the impurity filter, and after being filtered by the impurity filter, it enters the dynamic distribution device and participates in electrolysis in the water electrolysis device after being distributed by the dynamic distribution device.

[0060] Repeat the third working condition until the oxygen content in the cabin reaches the preset value, and then return to the normal working condition.

[0061] A system for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station, including a cabin, a gas-liquid separator, a urea fuel cell, an impurity filter, a dynamic distribution device, a sanitary water tank, a water electrolysis device, a CO2 and N2 separator, a Sabatier reactor, a methane fuel cell, a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell and a drinking water treatment system.

[0062] When the drinking water, the oxygen content in the cabin and the water level in the sanitary water tank are respectively within the preset range, then enter the normal working condition:

[0063] The waste liquid generated in the cabin enters the gas-liquid separator. The urine separated by the gas-liquid separator enters the urea fuel cell. Urea in the urine reacts in the urea fuel cell to generate CO2 and N2, while generating electric energy. The CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator, and the electric energy enters the storage battery. The remaining urine enters the impurity filter, and the water filtered by the impurity filter enters the dynamic distribution device. After being distributed by the dynamic distribution device, a part enters the sanitary water tank, and the remaining part enters the water electrolysis device.

[0064] The storage battery supplies power to the water electrolysis device. The water entering the water electrolysis device is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. A part of the H2 and O2 enters the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, the remaining H2 enters the Sabatier reactor, another part of the O2 enters the methane fuel cell, and the remaining O2 enters the cabin partly and participates in the reaction in the urea fuel cell partly.

[0065] H2 and O2 in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell react to generate water, and the generated electric energy enters the storage battery. The generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin after being treated by the drinking water treatment system.

[0066] H2 and CO2 in the Sabatier reactor react to generate water and CH4. The generated CH4 enters the methane fuel cell, and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin after being treated by the drinking water treatment system.

[0067] The water and CO2 generated by the reaction of CH4 and O2 in the methane fuel cell. The generated electric energy enters the storage battery. The generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin after being treated by the drinking water treatment system. The generated CO2 enters the Sabatier reactor to participate in the reaction.

[0068] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0069] The system for sewage treatment and reuse in the space station of the present invention reduces the pretreatment link of urine treatment, saves a large amount of space, and can also make full use of hydrogen in waste liquid and methane, breaking through the bottleneck of the current urine treatment process, essentially improving the water recovery rate, and enabling hierarchical treatment of space station sewage and dynamic regulation of different water uses. The novel sewage treatment and reuse system for the space station of the present invention meets the requirements of including a limited number of components, high dynamic stability and reliability, small volume, light weight, low energy consumption, high water recovery rate, easy operation and maintenance, etc. At the same time, it is necessary to solve the problems of a large amount of residual waste liquid and external exhaust of waste gas, and effectively utilize various resources generated in the sewage treatment process to realize hierarchical treatment of sewage from different sources and dynamic regulation of water supply and oxygen supply.

[0070] The method of the system for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station according to the present invention can effectively decompose urea in urine into CO2 and N2 and generate water at the same time by introducing a urine electrolysis module or a urea fuel cell as a urine treatment unit. There is no limit to the minimum amount of urine to be treated by the electrolysis module and the fuel cell, and the effective volume can be flexibly set according to the urine volume of an astronaut at one time. After urine is collected, it enters the electrolysis module for real-time electrolysis or enters the fuel cell for real-time power generation and water production, without the need for a large urine collection and storage tank and the consumption of pretreatment chemicals; moreover, the electrolysis module and the fuel cell themselves require few components, have a simple structure, and the electrolytic cell has a small volume, which is flexible and adjustable, saving a large amount of space; it solves the problems in the existing solutions that the evaporation / condenser has many moving parts, requires storage and pretreatment, and occupies a large space. Through the above urine treatment subsystem, urea in urine is decomposed into CO2 and N2, and H2 is generated at the cathode of the electrolysis module. Subsequently, CO2 and H2 are converted into water and methane through a Sabatier reactor; the hydrogen atoms in methane are converted into water through a methane fuel cell, and then processed into drinking water for astronauts through a drinking water post-treatment system, so that resources are fully utilized, the atomic utilization rate is high, and the residual waste is small, further improving the water recovery rate and solving the problem of reducing the water carried from the ground by space shuttles and cargo ships; it solves the problems in the existing solutions that methane is discharged out of the cabin, causing resource waste, and there is a large amount of remaining high-concentration urea sewage, which needs to be brought back to the ground. Applying the urine treatment subsystem to the sewage treatment and reuse system in a space station, the steam condensate water, the CO2-reduced water, and the urine treated by the urine treatment subsystem respectively enter different post-treatment processes for hierarchical treatment. After reaching the effluent water quality of different standards, they are respectively supplied to the astronauts' drinking water, the water for the water electrolysis device, and the sanitary water, meeting the requirements of "high-quality for high-use, low-quality for low-use", extending the service life of the equipment and improving the treatment efficiency; it solves the problems in the original solutions that it is difficult to treat a variety of sewage mixtures and the ungraded treatment causes resource waste. Through the above sewage treatment and reuse system in a space station, a dynamic regulation system is introduced to realize the on-demand adjustment of the water volume and oxygen demand of various water uses. The Sabatier reactor, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, the water electrolysis device, the methane fuel cell, and the dynamic distribution device are combined as the dynamic regulation system. On the one hand, the dynamic regulation system reasonably distributes and adjusts the water volume of sanitary water, the water for the water electrolysis device, and the drinking water according to the water use needs of different activities in the space station, ensuring the stability of the water used by astronauts for living and working; on the other hand, the dynamic regulation system realizes the flexible conversion of water and oxygen, making the resource allocation in the space station more reasonable. At the same time, it is convenient to control the ratio of water and oxygen, reducing the volume occupied by oxygen stored in a high-pressure sealed tank in the existing solution and saving space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0071] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the urine treatment subsystem based on urea electrolysis of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 2It is the flow chart of the urine treatment subsystem based on the urea fuel cell of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 3 It is the flow chart of sewage treatment and reuse during normal operation of the space station of the present invention (urine electrolysis module);

[0074] Figure 4 It is the flow chart of sewage treatment and reuse during normal operation of the space station of the present invention (urea fuel cell);

[0075] Figure 5 It is the flow chart of sewage treatment and reuse when the drinking water in the space station needs to be supplemented;

[0076] Figure 6 It is the flow chart of sewage treatment and reuse when the sanitary water in the space station needs to be supplemented;

[0077] Figure 7 It is the flow chart of sewage treatment and reuse when the oxygen in the space station needs to be supplemented.

[0078] Among them: 1. Compartment; 2. Vacuum pump; 3. Gas-liquid separator; 4. First peristaltic pump; 5. Urine electrolysis module; 6. Impurity filter; 7. Dynamic distribution device; 8. Reverse osmosis membrane; 9. Sanitary water tank; 10. First activated carbon adsorption unit; 11. First deionizer; 12. First disinfection and sterilization device; 13. Water electrolysis device; 14. CO2 and N2 separator; 15. Carbon dioxide collection system; 16. Sabatier reactor; 17. Methane fuel cell; 18. Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell; 19. Condensate collection system; 20. Condensate water tank; 21. Second peristaltic pump; 22. Second activated carbon adsorption unit; 23. Second deionizer; 24. Second disinfection and sterilization device; 25. Drinking water tank;

[0079] 51. Urea fuel cell. Detailed implementation manners

[0080] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0081] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description, claims and the above-mentioned drawings of the present invention are used to distinguish similar objects and do not necessarily describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such used data can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units does not necessarily limit to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0082] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings:

[0083] The system for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station in the present invention includes a urine collection system, a urine electrolysis module, a dynamic distribution device 7, a urine post-treatment system, an oxygen generation system, a dynamic regulation system, and a carbon dioxide collection system 15, a carbon dioxide treatment system, and a condensate water collection system 19, a condensate water treatment system. Specifically, see Figure 3 :

[0084] The urine sewage outlet of the urine collection system is connected to the urine inlet of the urine electrolysis module, the electrolyzed urine outlet of the urine electrolysis module is connected to the regulation inlet of the dynamic distribution device 7, the regulation outlet of the dynamic distribution device 7 is respectively connected to the inlet of the urine post-treatment system and the inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane 8, the outlet of the urine post-treatment system is connected to the inlet of the oxygen generation system, the outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane 8 is connected to the inlet of the sanitary water tank 9, the anode gas outlet of the oxygen generation system is connected to the cabin 1, and the cathode gas outlet of the oxygen generation system is connected to the inlet of the dynamic regulation system. The gas outlet of the carbon dioxide collection system 15 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide treatment system, the water outlet of the carbon dioxide treatment system is connected to the inlet of the condensate water treatment system; the water outlet of the condensate water collection system 19 is connected to the inlet of the condensate water treatment system, and the water outlet of the condensate water treatment system is connected to the inlet of the drinking water tank 25.

[0085] The urine collection system includes a vacuum pump 2, a gas-liquid separator 3, and a first peristaltic pump 4.

[0086] The vacuum pump 2 is used to collect urine from sanitary appliances;

[0087] The inlet of the gas-liquid separator 3 is connected to the liquid discharge port of the sanitary appliance, and the urine outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3 is connected to the first peristaltic pump 4, which is used to separate urine from gas.

[0088] The inlet of the first peristaltic pump 4 is connected to the urine outlet of the gas-liquid separator 3, and the outlet of the first peristaltic pump 4 is connected to the urine inlet of the urine electrolysis module 5, which is used to provide the driving force for the flow of urine in the treatment system. The second peristaltic pump 21 is similar in structure to the first peristaltic pump 4.

[0089] The inlet of the urine electrolysis module 5 is connected to the outlet of the first peristaltic pump 4. The urine electrolysis module 5 has three outlets, including two gas outlets and one liquid outlet. Among them, the anode gas outlet is connected to the inlet of the CO2 and N2 separator 14, the cathode gas outlet is connected to the H2 inlet of the Sabatier reactor 16, and the other liquid outlet is connected to the upper inlet of the impurity filter 6; the urine electrolysis module 5 is equipped with a liquid level detector for monitoring the urine content; the catalysts in the urine electrolysis module 5: the cathode catalyst can be noble metal-based (such as platinum, rhodium, iridium, etc.), transition metal-based (nickel, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, etc. and their oxides / hydroxides / carbides, etc.), carbon-based composite materials, etc., and the anode catalyst is mainly nickel-based electrocatalyst, and can also be noble metal-based (such as platinum, rhodium, iridium, etc.) composite materials, etc.

[0090] The inlet of the dynamic distribution device 7 is connected to the outlet of the impurity filter 6. The dynamic distribution device 7 has two outlets, one of which is connected to the inlet of the first activated carbon adsorption unit 10, and the other is connected to the inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane 8; the dynamic distribution device 7 is used to distribute the electrolyzed urine to different post-treatment systems.

[0091] The urine post-treatment system includes an impurity filter 6, a reverse osmosis membrane 8, a first activated carbon adsorption unit 10, a first deionizer 11, and a first disinfection and sterilization device 12.

[0092] The impurity filter 6 has two inlets. The upper inlet is connected to the outlet of the urine electrolysis module 5. The left inlet is in a closed state when the system is in normal operation and the first working condition, and is in an open state when the system is in the second working condition and the third working condition, and is connected to the water outlet of the Sabatier reactor 16. The outlet of the impurity filter 6 is connected to the inlet of the dynamic distribution device 7; the impurity filter 6 is provided with a microfiltration membrane with a size range of 0.1 - 1μm, which is used to intercept suspended solids, bacteria, some viruses and colloids, and the flocculent precipitates generated during the urine electrolysis process are also removed by it.

[0093] The inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane 8 is connected to one of the outlets of the dynamic distribution device 7, and the outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane 8 is connected to the inlet of the sanitary water tank 9; the size range of the reverse osmosis membrane 8 is 0.5 - 10nm.

[0094] The inlet of the first activated carbon adsorption unit 10 is connected to another outlet of the dynamic distribution device 7, and the outlet of the first activated carbon adsorption unit 10 is connected to the inlet of the first deionizer 11; the first activated carbon adsorption unit 10 includes two separate filter tanks. The first tank is equipped with a biological filter and a silver chloride insecticide bed, and the second tank is equipped with an activated carbon bed to adsorb organic components. The second activated carbon adsorption unit 22 is similar in structure to the first activated carbon adsorption unit 10.

[0095] The inlet of the first deionizer 11 is connected to the outlet of the first activated carbon adsorption unit 10, and the outlet of the first deionizer 11 is connected to the inlet of the first disinfection and sterilization device 12; the first deionizer 11 is provided with multiple layers of composite filter beds and an ion removal resin bed, and ions in the water can be removed by reacting with materials such as ion exchange resins therein. The second deionizer 23 is similar in structure to the first deionizer 11.

[0096] The inlet of the first disinfection and sterilization device 12 is connected to the outlet of the first deionizer 11, and the outlet of the first disinfection and sterilization device 12 is connected to the electrolyte inlet of the water electrolysis device 13; the first disinfection and sterilization device 12 consists of a passive contact bed filled with inert glass beads and evenly dispersed silver chloride particles. The recycled water passes through the reaction bed, and the silver chloride dissolves to saturation, and the anions generated by its ionization have a bactericidal effect. The second disinfection and sterilization device 24 is similar in structure to the first disinfection and sterilization device 12.

[0097] The oxygen generation system is the water electrolysis device 13. The electrolyte inlet of the water electrolysis device 13 is connected to the outlet of the first disinfection and sterilization device 12. The oxygen generated by the electrolysis of water by the water electrolysis device 13 is supplied for the personnel in the cabin 1 to breathe, and the hydrogen is converted into water through the Sabatier reactor 16 and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 18.

[0098] The dynamic regulation system includes the dynamic distribution device 7, the water electrolysis device 13, the Sabatier reactor 16, the methane fuel cell 17, and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 18.

[0099] The outlet of the carbon dioxide collection system 15 is connected to the upper CO2 inlet of the Sabatier reactor 16; the carbon dioxide collection system 15 is used to collect and concentrate the CO2 in the cabin 1.

[0100] The carbon dioxide treatment system includes the CO2 and N2 separator 14 and the Sabatier reactor 16.

[0101] The inlet of the CO2 and N2 separator 14 is connected to the gas outlet of the urine electrolysis module 5, and the outlet of the CO2 and N2 separator 14 is connected to the CO2 inlet of the Sabatier reactor 16; the CO2 and N2 separator 14 is used to separate the CO2 and N2 generated by the electrolysis of urine.

[0102] The Sabatier reactor 16 has four inlets, including two CO2 inlets respectively connected to the outlet of the carbon dioxide collection system 15 and the CO2 outlet of the methane fuel cell 17, and two H2 inlets respectively connected to the cathode gas outlets of the urine electrolysis module 5 and the water electrolysis device 13; the water outlet of the Sabatier reactor 16 is connected to one inlet of the second activated carbon adsorption unit 22 in the condensate water treatment system; the Sabatier reactor 16 converts CO2 and H2 into water and methane. The methane is then converted into water by the methane fuel cell 17.

[0103] The inlet of the condensate water collection system 19 is connected to the cabin 1, and the outlet of the condensate water collection system 19 is connected to the inlet of the condensate water tank 20 in the condensate water treatment system; the condensate water collection system 19 is provided with a condensate water collector and a gas-liquid separator 3, which are used to collect water vapor from the air and condense it, and then separate the condensate water from the gas.

[0104] The condensate water treatment system includes a condensate water tank 20, a second peristaltic pump 21, a second activated carbon adsorption unit 22, a second deionizer 23, and a second disinfection and sterilization device 24.

[0105] The inlet of the condensate water tank 20 is connected to the outlet of the condensate water collection system 19, and the outlet of the condensate water tank 20 is connected to the condensate water treatment system.

[0106] The sanitary water tank 9 and the drinking water tank 25 are equipped with water volume measuring instruments for detecting the water volume, and the oxygen concentration sensors in the space station are all connected to the automatic controller. The information measured by the sensors and the measuring instruments is transmitted to the automatic controller through the signal circuit, and the automatic controller feedback-controls the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 18, the methane fuel cell 17, and the water electrolysis device 13 according to the oxygen content and the water volume in the water tank.

[0107] In the system for sewage treatment and reuse in the space station involved in the present invention, the urine treatment task undertaken by the urine treatment subsystem is realized by urea electrolysis or a urea fuel cell.

[0108] The flow chart of using urea electrolysis technology to treat space station urine is as Figure 1 shown, and the specific working method is as follows:

[0109] 1. Urine collection process. When urine is produced inside the space station, the urine detection system in the sanitary appliance generates an electrical signal upon detecting the presence of urine, turns on the power supply, and opens the switch of the vacuum pump 2. The suction force generated by the vacuum pump 2 is used to transport the urine in the gas-liquid mixed state from the sanitary appliance to the gas-liquid separator 3, separating the urine from the gas. Subsequently, the urine enters the subsequent treatment unit, and the gas is discharged into the cabin 1 after passing through the air purification device. Meanwhile, the switch of the first peristaltic pump 4 in the urine treatment system is turned on, and the power provided by the peristaltic pump is used to transport the urine to the urine electrolysis module 5;

[0110] 2. Urine electrolysis process. The urine after gas-liquid separation enters the urine electrolysis module 5. When the liquid level detector in the urine electrolysis module 5 monitors the entry of urine into the electrolysis module and reaches the set liquid level, the system automatically turns on the power supply of the electrolytic cell, the power of which can be sourced from a solar panel or an energy storage device, and the urine starts to be electrolyzed. During electrolysis, urea in the urine is oxidized into carbon dioxide and nitrogen under the action of the urea electro-oxidation catalyst at the anode of the electrolytic cell; a water reduction reaction occurs at the cathode of the electrolytic cell, generating hydrogen. It can be seen that urine electrolysis can decompose urea and produce harmless gases and clean energy. Meanwhile, during the electrolysis of urine, a large amount of chloride ions contained in the urine are oxidized at the anode to produce active chlorine (Cl·, Cl₂·, Cl₂, HClO / ClO - etc.). After these substances react with ammonia nitrogen and organic matter in the urine, the load of the post-treatment system is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, they are reduced back to chloride ions themselves, and there is a Cl - → Cl₂→ ClO - → Cl - cycle. The carbon dioxide and hydrogen generated by the electrolysis of urea enter the Sabatier reactor to be converted into water and methane, and the methane is also converted into water through the methane fuel cell 17.

[0111] 3. Urine distribution process. After being energized for a period of time, the electrolyzed urine is sent into the impurity filter 6, and the retention effect of the microfiltration membrane with a pore size of 0.1 - 1 μm therein is used to remove some colloids, suspended solids, bacteria, viruses, and flocculent precipitates generated during the urine electrolysis process contained in the urine; the filtered urine enters the dynamic distribution device 7 and can be used for electrolytic oxygen production and sanitary water after dynamic distribution and different post-treatment processes.

[0112] 4. Post-treatment process of urine. After urine is distributed, a part of it is processed into sanitary water by a reverse osmosis membrane 8 with a pore size of 0.5 - 10 nm and enters a sanitary water tank 9; another part first passes through a first activated carbon adsorption unit 10, and the remaining organic matter in the urine is firmly adsorbed on the surface or pores of the activated carbon by the good adsorption characteristics of the activated carbon; then it passes through a first deionizer 11, and various anions and cations in the urine are replaced by a multi-layer composite filter bed and an ion removal resin bed to remove ionic impurities; finally, it passes through a first disinfection and sterilization device 12, so that silver ions penetrate the cell wall and combine with DNA and RNA at specific parts inside the cell, destroying the protease and respiratory enzyme of the bacterial cell, causing the dissolution and death of the bacterial cell, and after removing microorganisms, it is processed into electrolyzed water and enters a water electrolysis device 13.

[0113] The flow chart of using urea fuel cell technology to treat urine in the space station is as Figure 2 shown, and the specific working method is as follows:

[0114] 1. Urine collection process. When urine is produced in the space station, when the urine detection system in the sanitary appliance detects the presence of urine, it generates an electrical signal, turns on the power supply, and turns on the switch of the vacuum pump 2. The suction force generated by the vacuum pump is used to transport the urine in the gas-liquid mixed state from the sanitary appliance to the gas-liquid separator 3 to separate the urine from the gas. Subsequently, the urine enters the subsequent treatment unit, and the gas is discharged into the cabin 1 through the air purification device. At the same time, turn on the switch of the first peristaltic pump 4 in the urine treatment system, and use the power provided by the peristaltic pump to transport the urine to the urea fuel cell 51;

[0115] 2. The urea fuel cell 51 starts to work. The urine after gas-liquid separation enters the urea fuel cell 51. When the urine enters the fuel cell module, the urea fuel cell 51 starts to work to generate carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water, and at the same time, electrical energy is generated. During operation, urea in the urine is oxidized into carbon dioxide, nitrogen and water under the action of a urea electro-oxidation catalyst at the positive electrode of the fuel cell; the reduction reaction of oxygen occurs at the cathode of the fuel cell. At the same time, the urea fuel cell 51 generates electrical energy during operation, which can supply electricity to the cabin 1 or be stored in the energy storage device. Thus, it can be seen that the urea fuel cell 51 can decompose urea and generate harmless gases, water and electrical energy. The carbon dioxide generated by the operation of the urea fuel cell 51 can enter the Sabatier reactor 16 to react with the hydrogen generated by electrolyzing water to be converted into water and methane, and the methane is then also converted into water by the methane fuel cell 17.

[0116] 3. Urine distribution process. After the urea fuel cell 51 works for a period of time, the reacted urine is sent into the impurity filter 6. The interception effect of the microfiltration membrane with a pore size of 0.1 - 1 μm in it is used to remove some colloids, suspended solids, bacteria, viruses and flocculent precipitates generated during the reaction process in the urine; the filtered urine enters the dynamic distribution device 7, and can be used for electrolytic oxygen production and sanitary water after dynamic distribution and different post-treatment processes.

[0117] 4. Urine post-treatment process. After the urine is distributed, a part of it is treated into sanitary water through the reverse osmosis membrane 8 with a pore size of 0.5 - 10 nm and enters the sanitary water tank 9; another part first passes through the first activated carbon adsorption unit 10, and the good adsorption property of the activated carbon is used to firmly adsorb the remaining organic matters in the urine on the surface or in the pores of the activated carbon; then it passes through the first deionizer 11, and various anions and cations in the urine are replaced through the multi-layer composite filter bed and the ion removal resin bed to remove ionic impurities; finally, it passes through the first disinfection and sterilization device 12, so that silver ions penetrate the cell wall and combine with DNA and RNA at specific parts inside the cell, destroying the protease and respiratory enzyme of the bacterial cell, causing the dissolution and death of the bacterial cell, and after removing microorganisms, it is treated into electrolytic water and enters the water electrolysis device 13.

[0118] The system for sewage treatment and reuse in the space station involved in the present invention, wherein the hierarchical treatment and dynamic regulation embodiments of the space station sewage treatment and reuse system are as follows:

[0119] The present invention uses the Sabatier reactor 16, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 18, the water electrolysis device 13, combines the methane fuel cell 17 and the dynamic distribution device 7 as a dynamic regulation system, and sets four adjustment modes. The "normal working condition" mentioned below is the long-term operation mode of the space station sewage treatment and reuse system, and the "three special working conditions" are the emergency adjustment modes of the space station sewage treatment and reuse system to ensure the balance of water supply and oxygen supply in the space station.

[0120] Normal working condition: In general, that is, when the water volume measuring instruments show that the water volumes in the drinking water tank 25 and the sanitary water tank 9 both meet the set values, the urine and the water vapor condensate are respectively treated through different processes in a hierarchical manner, and the system is in accordance with Figure 3Operation. Urine is collected by the urine collection system including a vacuum pump 2, a gas-liquid separator 3 and a first peristaltic pump 4 and then enters the urine electrolysis module 5 to remove most of the urea in the urine; the electrolyzed urine enters the impurity filter 6 to intercept and remove colloids, suspended solids, bacteria, some viruses and flocculent precipitates generated during the urine electrolysis process in the urine; the filtered urine enters the dynamic distribution device 7, and a part of it is treated into sanitary water through the reverse osmosis membrane 8 and enters the sanitary water tank 9; another part is treated into electrolyzed water after removing the remaining organic matter through the first activated carbon adsorption unit 10, removing ionic impurities through the first deionizer 11, and removing microorganisms through the first disinfection and sterilization device 12 and then enters the water electrolysis device 13. The oxygen generated by the electrolyzed water is supplied for the personnel in the cabin 1 to breathe, and a part of the hydrogen generated by the electrolyzed water enters the Sabatier reactor 16 to react with the carbon dioxide collected by the carbon dioxide collection system 15 to generate water. The carbon dioxide and hydrogen generated during the electrolysis of urine by the urine electrolysis module 5 also enter the Sabatier reactor 16 to generate water. The excess hydrogen generated by the water electrolysis device 13 reacts with the excess oxygen generated by the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 18 to also generate water; the methane fuel cell 17 can utilize the methane and oxygen generated by the Sabatier reactor 16 to react to generate water and carbon dioxide. This part of the water and the water generated by the above hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 18 are removed of microorganisms through the second disinfection and sterilization device 24, and then treated into drinking water after replenishing the trace elements required by the personnel in the cabin 1 through mineralization and enter the drinking water tank 25; the carbon dioxide generated by the methane fuel cell 17 can be utilized by the Sabatier reactor 16 again. The water vapor in the space station is collected by the condensate collection system 19 and then enters the condensate tank 20, and then the subsequent treatment of the condensate is carried out. The subsequent treatment is powered by the second peristaltic pump 21, and then the water generated by the Sabatier reactor 16 is removed of organic matter through the second activated carbon adsorption unit 22, removed of ionic impurities through the second deionizer 23, removed of microorganisms through the second disinfection and sterilization device 24, and then treated into drinking water after replenishing the trace elements required by the personnel in the cabin 1 through mineralization and enter the drinking water tank 25.

[0121] The first working condition: When the drinking water in the space station needs to be replenished, that is, when the water volume measuring instrument shows that the water volume in the drinking water tank 25 is lower than the set value, the system operates according to Figure 5Operation. The dynamic distribution device 7 distributes all the urine filtered by the impurity filter 6 after electrolysis to the first activated carbon adsorption unit 10 for manufacturing more electrolyzed water; at the same time, the voltage of the water electrolysis device 13 for electrolyzing water is increased so as to obtain more hydrogen and oxygen in a shorter time. The hydrogen then passes through the Sabatier reactor 16 and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 18 to generate more drinking water make-up water. The methane fuel cell 17 can also generate water using the methane generated by the Sabatier reactor 16, enabling the drinking water to be supplemented faster. The remaining devices and systems operate according to the above general situation. When the water volume measuring instrument shows that the water volume in the drinking water tank 25 meets the set value, the system resumes operation according to the general situation Figure 3 Operation.

[0122] Second operating condition: When the sanitary water in the space station needs to be supplemented, that is, when the water volume measuring instrument shows that the water volume in the sanitary water tank 9 is lower than the set value, the system operates according to Figure 6 Operation. The dynamic distribution device 7 distributes all the urine filtered by the impurity filter 6 after electrolysis to the reverse osmosis membrane 8, which is processed into sanitary water and enters the sanitary water tank 9; the electrolyzed water stored in the water electrolysis device 13 itself is electrolyzed to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen then passes through the Sabatier reactor 16 and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell 18 to generate sanitary water make-up water. The methane fuel cell 17 also generates sanitary water make-up water using the methane generated by the Sabatier reactor 16. The water produced by the three is no longer used as drinking water make-up water, but is supplemented as sanitary water after passing through the impurity filter 6 and the reverse osmosis membrane 8. The remaining devices and systems operate according to the above general situation. When the water volume measuring instrument shows that the water volume in the sanitary water tank 9 meets the set value, the system resumes operation according to the general situation Figure 3 Operation.

[0123] Third operating condition: When the oxygen in the space station needs to be supplemented, that is, when the oxygen concentration sensor in the space station monitors that the oxygen concentration in the space station is low, the system operates according to Figure 7 Operation. The dynamic distribution device 7 distributes all the urine filtered by the impurity filter 6 after electrolysis to the first activated carbon adsorption unit 10, which enters the water electrolysis device 13 through the first deionizer 11 and the first disinfection and sterilization device 12. The oxygen generated by electrolyzing water is supplied for the personnel in the cabin 1 to breathe; the generated hydrogen all enters the Sabatier reactor 16 to generate water. Most of this water passes through the impurity filter 6, and then through the first activated carbon adsorption unit 10, the first deionizer 11, and the first disinfection and sterilization device 12 to obtain more electrolyzed water. At the same time, the voltage of the electrolyzed water is increased to quickly supplement oxygen. The remaining devices and systems operate according to the above general situation. When the oxygen concentration sensor in the space station monitors that the oxygen concentration in the space station meets the specified value, the system resumes operation according to the general situation Figure 3 Operation.

[0124] The above content is only for explaining the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby. Any modification made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station, characterized in that, It includes a cabin (1), a gas-liquid separator (3), a urine electrolysis module (5), an impurity filter (6), a dynamic distribution device (7), a sanitary water tank (9), a water electrolysis device (13), a CO2 and N2 separator (14), a Sabatier reactor (16), a methane fuel cell (17), a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18), and a drinking water treatment system; When the drinking water, the oxygen content in the cabin (1), and the water level in the sanitary water tank (9) are respectively within the preset ranges, it enters the normal working condition: The waste liquid generated in the cabin (1) enters the gas-liquid separator (3), and the urine separated by the gas-liquid separator (3) enters the urine electrolysis module (5); urea in the urine is electrolyzed in the urine electrolysis module (5), and the electrolysis products are CO2, N2, and H2. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator (14), H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16), and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter (6). The water filtered by the impurity filter (6) enters the dynamic distribution device (7). After being distributed by the dynamic distribution device (7), a part enters the sanitary water tank (9), and the remaining part enters the water electrolysis device (13); The water entering the water electrolysis device (13) is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. A part of the generated H2 enters the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18), and the remaining H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16). A part of the generated O2 enters the cabin (1), and the remaining O2 enters the methane fuel cell (17) and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18); H2 and O2 in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18) react to generate water, and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin (1) after being treated by the drinking water treatment system; H2 and CO2 in the Sabatier reactor (16) react to generate water and CH4. The generated CH4 enters the methane fuel cell (17), and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin (1) after being treated by the drinking water treatment system; CH4 and O2 in the methane fuel cell (17) react to generate water and CO2. The generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin (1) after being treated by the drinking water treatment system, and the generated CO2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16) to participate in the reaction.

2. The system for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station according to claim 1, wherein, When the water level of the drinking water is lower than the preset amount, while the oxygen content in the cabin (1) and the water level in the sanitary water tank (9) are within the preset ranges, it enters the first working condition: The waste liquid generated in the cabin (1) enters the gas-liquid separator (3), and the urine separated by the gas-liquid separator (3) enters the urine electrolysis module (5); the urea in the urine is electrolyzed in the urine electrolysis module (5), and the electrolysis products are CO2, N2 and H2. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator (14), H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16), and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter (6). The water filtered by the impurity filter (6) enters the dynamic distribution device (7), and after being distributed by the dynamic distribution device (7), all enters the water electrolysis device (13); The water entering the water electrolysis device (13) is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. A part of the generated H2 enters the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18), and the remaining H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16). A part of the generated O2 enters the cabin (1), and the remaining O2 enters the methane fuel cell (17) and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18); The H2 and O2 in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18) react to generate water, and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin (1) after being treated by the drinking water treatment system; The H2 and CO2 in the Sabatier reactor (16) react to generate water and CH4. The generated CH4 enters the methane fuel cell (17), and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin (1) after being treated by the drinking water treatment system; CH4 and O2 in the methane fuel cell (17) react to generate water and CO2. The generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin (1) after being treated by the drinking water treatment system. The generated CO2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16) to participate in the reaction.

3. The system for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station according to claim 1, wherein When the drinking water level and the oxygen content in the cabin (1) are within the preset range, and the water level in the sanitary water tank (9) is lower than the preset value, then the second working condition is entered: The waste liquid generated in the cabin (1) enters the gas-liquid separator (3), and the urine separated by the gas-liquid separator (3) enters the urine electrolysis module (5); the urea in the urine is electrolyzed in the urine electrolysis module (5), and the electrolysis products are CO2, N2 and H2. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator (14), H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16), and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter (6). The water filtered by the impurity filter (6) enters the dynamic distribution device (7), and after being distributed by the dynamic distribution device (7), all enters the sanitary water tank (9); The water in the water electrolysis device (13) is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. A part of H2 and O2 enters the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18), the remaining H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16), another part of O2 enters the methane fuel cell (17), and the remaining O2 enters the cabin (1); The H2 and O2 in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18) react to generate water; H2 and CO2 in the Sabatier reactor (16) react to produce water and CH4, and the generated CH4 enters the methane fuel cell (17); The water and CO2 generated by the reaction of CH4 and O2 in the methane fuel cell (17) enter the Sabatier reactor (16) to participate in the reaction; The water generated by the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18), the Sabatier reactor (16) and the methane fuel cell (17) all enters the impurity filter (6), and after filtration, it enters the dynamic distribution device (7). The dynamic distribution device (7) distributes the filtered water to the sanitary water tank (9).

4. The system for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station according to claim 1, wherein When the water levels of the drinking water and sanitary water tanks (9) are within the preset range, and the oxygen content in the cabin (1) is lower than the preset value, the third working condition is entered: The waste liquid generated in the cabin (1) enters the gas-liquid separator (3), and the urine separated by the gas-liquid separator (3) enters the urine electrolysis module (5); urea in the urine is electrolyzed in the urine electrolysis module (5), and the electrolysis products are CO2, N2 and H2. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator (14), H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16), and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter (6). The water filtered by the impurity filter (6) enters the dynamic distribution device (7), and after being distributed by the dynamic distribution device (7), all enters the water electrolysis device (13); The water entering the water electrolysis device (13) is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. The generated H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16), and the generated O2 enters the cabin (1); H2 and CO2 in the Sabatier reactor (16) react to produce water and CH4. The generated water enters the impurity filter (6), and after being filtered by the impurity filter (6), it enters the dynamic distribution device (7), and after being distributed by the dynamic distribution device (7), it enters the water electrolysis device (13) to participate in electrolysis.

5. The system for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The drinking water treatment system includes a second activated carbon adsorption unit (22), a second deionizer (23), a second disinfection and sterilization device (24) and a drinking water tank (25) connected in sequence; The water generated by the Sabatier reactor (16) enters the second activated carbon adsorption unit (22), and the water generated by the methane fuel cell (17) and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18) enters the second disinfection and sterilization device (24).

6. The system for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It also includes a condensate collection system (19). The condensate collection system (19) is used to collect the water vapor in the cabin (1). After condensation, it enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin (1) after being treated by the drinking water treatment system.

7. The system for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It also includes a carbon dioxide collection system (15). The carbon dioxide collection system (15) is used to collect the carbon dioxide in the cabin (1), and the collected carbon dioxide enters the Sabatier reactor (16) to participate in the reaction.

8. A treatment and reuse method for the system for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following operations: (1), When the oxygen content in the drinking water, the cabin (1) and the water level of the sanitary water tank (9) are respectively within the preset range, the normal working condition is entered: The waste liquid generated in the cabin (1) enters the gas-liquid separator (3), and the urine separated by the gas-liquid separator (3) enters the urine electrolysis module (5); the urea in the urine is electrolyzed in the urine electrolysis module (5), and the electrolysis products are CO2, N2 and H2. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator (14), H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16), and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter (6). The water filtered by the impurity filter (6) enters the dynamic distribution device (7). After being distributed by the dynamic distribution device (7), part of it enters the sanitary water tank (9), and the remaining part enters the water electrolysis device (13); The water entering the water electrolysis device (13) is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. Part of the H2 and O2 enter the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18), the remaining H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16), another part of the O2 enters the methane fuel cell (17), and the remaining O2 enters the cabin (1); The H2 and O2 in the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18) react to generate water, and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin (1) after being treated by the drinking water treatment system; The H2 and CO2 in the Sabatier reactor (16) react to generate water and CH4. The generated CH4 enters the methane fuel cell (17), and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system and is supplied to the cabin (1) after being treated by the drinking water treatment system; The water and CO2 generated by the reaction of CH4 and O2 in the methane fuel cell (17) enter the drinking water treatment system and are supplied to the cabin (1) after being treated by the drinking water treatment system. The generated CO2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16) to participate in the reaction; (2) When the water level of the drinking water is lower than the preset amount, and the oxygen content in the cabin (1) and the water level of the sanitary water tank (9) are within the preset range, the first working condition is entered: The waste liquid generated in the cabin (1) enters the gas-liquid separator (3), and the urine separated by the gas-liquid separator (3) enters the urine electrolysis module (5); the urea in the urine is electrolyzed in the urine electrolysis module (5), and the electrolysis products are CO2, N2 and H2. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator (14), H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16), and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter (6). The water filtered by the impurity filter (6) enters the dynamic distribution device (7); the dynamic distribution device (7) distributes all the water filtered by the impurity filter (6) after electrolysis to the water electrolysis device (13); The water entering the water electrolysis device (13) is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. Part of the H2 and O2 enter the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18), the remaining H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16), another part of the O2 enters the methane fuel cell (17), and the remaining O2 enters the cabin (1); In the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18), H2 and O2 react to form water, and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system. After being treated by the drinking water treatment system, it is supplied to the cabin (1); In the Sabatier reactor (16), H2 and CO2 react to form water and CH4. The generated CH4 enters the methane fuel cell (17), and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system. After being treated by the drinking water treatment system, it is supplied to the cabin (1); In the methane fuel cell (17), the water and CO2 generated by the reaction of CH4 and O2. The generated water enters the drinking water treatment system. After being treated by the drinking water treatment system, it is supplied to the cabin (1), and the generated CO2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16) to participate in the reaction; Repeat the first working condition until the water level of the drinking water reaches the preset amount, and then return to the normal working condition; (3) When the water level of the drinking water and the oxygen content in the cabin (1) are within the preset range, and the water level of the sanitary water tank (9) is lower than the preset value, then enter the second working condition: The waste liquid generated in the cabin (1) enters the gas-liquid separator (3). The urine separated by the gas-liquid separator (3) enters the urine electrolysis module (5); Urea in the urine is electrolyzed in the urine electrolysis module (5), and the electrolysis products are CO2, N2 and H2. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator (14), H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16), and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter (6). The water filtered by the impurity filter (6) enters the dynamic distribution device (7). After being distributed by the dynamic distribution device (7), all enter the sanitary water tank (9); The water in the water electrolysis device (13) is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. A part of H2 and O2 enters the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18), the remaining H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16), another part of O2 enters the methane fuel cell (17), and the remaining O2 enters the cabin (1); In the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18), H2 and O2 react to form water; In the Sabatier reactor (16), H2 and CO2 react to form water and CH4, and the generated CH4 enters the methane fuel cell (17); In the methane fuel cell (17), the water and CO2 generated by the reaction of CH4 and O2, and the generated CO2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16) to participate in the reaction; The water generated by the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18), the Sabatier reactor (16) and the methane fuel cell (17) all enter the impurity filter (6). After filtration, it enters the dynamic distribution device (7), and the dynamic distribution device (7) distributes the filtered water to the sanitary water tank (9); Repeat the second working condition until the water level of the sanitary water tank (9) reaches the preset value, and return to the normal working condition; (4) When the water levels of the drinking water and the sanitary water tank (9) are within the preset range, and the oxygen content in the cabin (1) is lower than the preset value, then enter the third working condition: The waste liquid generated in the cabin (1) enters the gas-liquid separator (3), and the urine separated by the gas-liquid separator (3) enters the urine electrolysis module (5); the urea in the urine is electrolyzed in the urine electrolysis module (5), and the electrolysis products are CO2, N2 and H2. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator (14), H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16), and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter (6). The water filtered by the impurity filter (6) enters the dynamic distribution device (7), and after being distributed by the dynamic distribution device (7), all enters the water electrolysis device (13); The water entering the water electrolysis device (13) is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. The generated H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16), and the generated O2 enters the cabin (1); The H2 and CO2 in the Sabatier reactor (16) react to generate water and CH4. The generated water enters the impurity filter (6), is filtered by the impurity filter (6) and enters the dynamic distribution device (7), and after being distributed by the dynamic distribution device (7), enters the water electrolysis device (13) to participate in electrolysis; Repeat the third working condition until the oxygen content in the cabin (1) reaches the preset value, and then return to the normal working condition.

9. A system for sewage treatment and reuse in a space station, characterized in that, It includes a cabin (1), a gas-liquid separator (3), a urea fuel cell (51), an impurity filter (6), a dynamic distribution device (7), a sanitary water tank (9), a water electrolysis device (13), a CO2 and N2 separator (14), a Sabatier reactor (16), a methane fuel cell (17), a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18) and a drinking water treatment system; When the drinking water, the oxygen content in the cabin (1) and the water level of the sanitary water tank (9) are respectively within the preset ranges, it enters the normal working condition: The waste liquid generated in the cabin (1) enters the gas-liquid separator (3), and the urine separated by the gas-liquid separator (3) enters the urea fuel cell (51); the urea in the urine reacts in the urea fuel cell (51) to generate CO2 and N2, and at the same time generates electric energy. CO2 and N2 enter the CO2 and N2 separator (14), the electric energy enters the storage battery, and the remaining urine enters the impurity filter (6). The water filtered by the impurity filter (6) enters the dynamic distribution device (7), and after being distributed by the dynamic distribution device (7), a part enters the sanitary water tank (9), and the remaining part enters the water electrolysis device (13); The storage battery supplies power to the water electrolysis device (13). The water entering the water electrolysis device (13) is electrolyzed to generate H2 and O2. A part of H2 and O2 enters the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18), the remaining H2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16), another part of O2 enters the methane fuel cell (17), and the remaining O2 enters the cabin (1) partly and participates in the reaction in the urea fuel cell (51) partly; In the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell (18), H2 and O2 react to form water. Meanwhile, the generated electric energy enters the storage battery, and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system. After being treated by the drinking water treatment system, it is supplied to the cabin (1). In the Sabatier reactor (16), H2 and CO2 react to form water and CH4. The generated CH4 enters the methane fuel cell (17), and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system. After being treated by the drinking water treatment system, it is supplied to the cabin (1). In the methane fuel cell (17), the water and CO2 generated by the reaction of CH4 and O2. The generated electric energy enters the storage battery, and the generated water enters the drinking water treatment system. After being treated by the drinking water treatment system, it is supplied to the cabin (1), and the generated CO2 enters the Sabatier reactor (16) to participate in the reaction.

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