Tower mounted vertical axis wind turbine and control method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a tower-mounted telescopic vertical axis wind turbine and a control method thereof, which comprises a fan base, a generator installed in the fan base, a brake mechanism fixedly arranged on the fan base, a fan shell fixedly arranged on the top of the fan base, and a rotating main shaft rotatably arranged on the top of the fan shell, wherein a variable pitch mechanism is arranged on the rotating main shaft and connected with fan blades through the variable pitch mechanism, the brake mechanism is connected with the bottom end of the rotating main shaft, a rotor rotating speed detection sensor is arranged in the generator, a wind speed sensor is arranged outside the fan base, and the rotor rotating speed detection sensor and the wind speed sensor are signal connected with a generator control unit. The application has the effects of improving the power generation efficiency and the safety of equipment operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vertical axis wind turbine technology, and more particularly to a tower-mounted telescopic vertical axis wind turbine and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, power transmission lines are becoming increasingly digital and intelligent, which will inevitably lead to a gradual increase in the installation of sensors on transmission towers. Power supply remains a significant challenge. Existing solutions primarily rely on self-contained batteries and small-scale photovoltaic systems, while wind turbines are mainly horizontal-axis powered. Battery power increases the frequency of replacements, raising installation, removal, and maintenance costs. As for power generation devices, their power output is low and extremely unstable, failing to provide sufficient and stable electricity.

[0003] However, while the relevant technical solutions have solved the common application of vertical axis wind turbines to some extent, they have not been applied to the power supply of intelligent tower sensors. There are three common problems in the relevant technical solutions: First, the lack of a pitch structure makes the wind turbine rotation state unable to adapt to the current wind speed, resulting in low wind energy utilization efficiency; second, the lack of a braking device makes it impossible to brake the wind turbine in an overspeed state, increasing the risk of damage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a tower-mounted telescopic vertical axis wind turbine and its control method, which solves the problems of lack of emergency braking devices and low wind energy utilization in existing technologies.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a tower-mounted telescopic vertical axis wind turbine includes a wind turbine base, a generator installed inside the wind turbine base, a brake mechanism fixedly mounted on the wind turbine base, a wind turbine housing fixedly mounted on the top of the wind turbine base, and a rotating main shaft rotatably mounted on the top of the wind turbine housing. The rotating main shaft is equipped with a pitch mechanism and is connected to the wind turbine blades through the pitch mechanism. The brake mechanism is connected to the bottom end of the rotating main shaft. A rotor speed detection sensor is installed inside the generator, and a wind speed sensor is installed on the outer edge of the wind turbine base. The rotor speed detection sensor and the wind speed sensor are connected to the generator control unit.

[0006] Preferably, a bottom retainer is fixedly installed on the rotating main shaft and rotatably connected to the wind turbine housing through the bottom retainer, and the telescopic structure at the bottom of the pitch mechanism for adjusting the pitch is fixedly installed on the top of the bottom retainer.

[0007] Preferably, the pitch mechanism includes a push rod motor fixedly mounted on the bottom fixture, a bottom telescopic device slidably fitted on the bottom of the rotating main shaft, and a top fixture fixedly mounted on the top of the rotating main shaft. The outer walls of the bottom telescopic device and the top fixture are respectively horizontally hinged with a long connecting rod and a short connecting rod. The movable end of the short connecting rod is hinged to the middle of the long connecting rod, and the movable end of the long connecting rod is hinged to the inner wall of the fan blade. The long connecting rod is provided with a drive component for controlling the horizontal rotation of the fan blade.

[0008] Preferably, the driving component includes a motor fixedly mounted on the long connecting rod, a hinge connecting the fan blades to the long connecting rod fixedly connected to the fan blades, a drive gear connected to the output end of the motor, a driven gear connected to one end of the hinge, and the drive gear meshing with the driven gear.

[0009] Preferably, a ring of air guide protection panels is vertically arranged around the outer edge of the fan base. The air guide protection panels are rectangular and include a rectangular outer frame. A support beam is horizontally fixed in the middle of the outer frame. The top and bottom of the support beam are connected to the inner top and inner bottom of the outer frame respectively through vertically rotating fan blades. The fan blades are equidistantly arranged. Both the outer frame and the fan blades are made of fiberglass.

[0010] Preferably, the braking mechanism includes a brake disc disposed below the rotating main shaft and drum brake pads disposed on both sides of the rotating main shaft. A connecting column is vertically connected to the top of the brake disc, and a connecting rod is horizontally hinged to the top of the drum brake pads. The top ends of the connecting columns are respectively hinged to the movable ends of the connecting rods. The end of the drum brake pad away from the rotating main shaft is connected to the movable end of a push rod motor for pushing the drum brake pad toward the rotating main shaft.

[0011] Preferably, an arc-shaped brake protrusion is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the rotating spindle, and the movable end of the drum brake pad is arc-shaped, with the movable end of the drum brake pad facing the rotating spindle.

[0012] Preferably, a disc brake retainer is fixedly installed on the top of the generator, and a disc brake telescopic rod is vertically fixedly installed on the top of the disc brake retainer. The disc brake telescopic rod includes a fixed end and a movable end that is coaxially slidably installed inside the top of the fixed end. The movable end is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the brake disc.

[0013] Preferably, the connecting rod located on one side of the connecting post is an I-shaped connecting rod, and the connecting rod located on the other side of the connecting post is a Y-shaped connecting rod.

[0014] The control method for a tower-mounted telescopic vertical axis wind turbine includes the following steps: Step 1: Detect the rotor speed and external wind speed of the generator using a rotor speed sensor and a wind speed sensor, and calculate the rotational speed of the main shaft based on the rotor speed. Step 2: When the external wind speed is constant, control the pitch mechanism to increase or decrease the pitch, detect the rotor speed and record it in the storage module to obtain the efficiency curve of rotor speed versus pitch under constant wind speed. Step 3: Calculate the maximum rotor speed of the generator based on the set maximum wind speed that the turbine blades can withstand, using it as the upper limit. When the generator rotor speed exceeds the upper limit, decelerate the main shaft using a braking mechanism, and reduce the pitch using the pitch mechanism after the speed decreases. Step 4: When the external wind speed detected by the wind speed sensor is too high, directly lock the main shaft using the braking mechanism, and reduce the pitch to the minimum using the pitch mechanism. Step 5: When the external wind speed is within the operating wind speed range of the efficiency curve, adjust the pitch to a safe length according to the efficiency curve to achieve maximum power generation efficiency.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. Install a braking mechanism on the top of the generator. When the wind speed is high and the wind turbine is overspeeding, use the braking mechanism to brake the wind turbine in an emergency to avoid damage from overspeeding.

[0017] 2. A pitch mechanism is installed on the rotating main shaft. The pitch mechanism can adjust the pitch of the wind turbine blades on the rotating main shaft, thereby adjusting the speed of the wind turbine. When the wind force is strong, the pitch is reduced to protect the wind turbine, and when the wind force is weak, the pitch is increased to improve the power generation efficiency.

[0018] 3. By using a rotor speed sensor and a wind speed sensor in conjunction with a pitch mechanism, the efficiency curve of the wind turbine pitch versus wind speed is obtained. In operation, the pitch can be quickly adjusted to the most suitable length according to the wind speed to achieve maximum power generation. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is the front view of an embodiment of the present invention (the air guide protection panel is hidden).

[0020] Figure 2 This is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention after the air guide protection panel has been installed.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the air guide protection panel is installed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pitch mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the pitch mechanism after pitch adjustment in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the braking mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the braking mechanism in the braking state in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the air guide protection panel in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] In the above attached diagrams: 1. Fan base; 2. Fan housing; 3. Fan blades; 4. Short connecting rod; 5. Top fixing device; 6. Long connecting rod; 7. Bottom telescopic device; 8. Bottom fixing device; 9. Fan drain hole; 10. Panel screws; 11. Housing screws; 12. Air guide protection panel; 13. Rotating main shaft; 14. Push rod motor; 15. Disc brake telescopic rod; 16. Brake disc; 17. Drum brake support column; 18. Drum brake pad; 19. I-shaped connecting rod; 20. Y-shaped connecting rod; 21. Connecting column; 22. Brake protrusion; 23. Disc brake fixing device; 24. Generator; 25. Outer frame; 26. Support beam; 27. Fan blades; 28. Fixed platform. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1-8 As shown, to achieve emergency braking of the wind turbine and improve the utilization rate of wind energy, this invention proposes a tower-mounted telescopic vertical axis wind turbine generator, characterized by: a wind turbine base 1, a generator 24 installed inside the wind turbine base 1, a braking mechanism fixedly installed on the wind turbine base 1, a wind turbine housing 2 fixedly installed on the top of the wind turbine base 1, and a rotating main shaft 13 rotatably installed on the top of the wind turbine housing 2. A pitch mechanism is installed on the rotating main shaft 13 and connected to the wind turbine blades 3. The braking mechanism is connected to the bottom end of the rotating main shaft 13. A rotor speed detection sensor is installed inside the generator 24, and a wind speed sensor is installed on the outer edge of the wind turbine base 1. The rotor speed detection sensor and the wind speed sensor are connected to the generator control unit.

[0030] The generator 24 is a three-phase squirrel-cage generator. Both the fan base 1 and the fan casing 2 are made of high-strength organic materials, which have strong toughness and prevent breakage due to thermal expansion and contraction caused by sudden temperature changes. They also have good insulation properties to avoid significant interference with the electromagnetic field of the internal motor. The fan casing 2 is fixed to the fan base 1 by casing screws 11.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown. A bottom retainer 8 is fixedly installed on the rotating main shaft 13 and is rotatably connected to the wind turbine housing 2 through the bottom retainer 8. The telescopic structure at the bottom of the pitch mechanism for adjusting the pitch is fixedly installed on the top of the bottom retainer 8.

[0032] The pitch mechanism includes a push rod motor 14 fixedly mounted on the bottom fixture 8, a bottom telescopic device 7 slidably mounted on the bottom of the rotating main shaft 13, and a top fixture 5 fixedly mounted on the top of the rotating main shaft 13. The outer walls of the bottom telescopic device 7 and the top fixture 8 are respectively horizontally hinged with a long connecting rod 6 and a short connecting rod 4. The movable end of the short connecting rod 4 is hinged to the middle of the long connecting rod 6, and the movable end of the long connecting rod 6 is hinged to the inner side wall of the fan blade 3. The long connecting rod 6 is provided with a drive component for controlling the horizontal rotation of the fan blade 3.

[0033] Four push rod motors 14 are installed on the bottom fixing device 8. The push rod motors 14 are arranged at equal angles around the axis of the rotating main shaft 13. Four hinge points are provided on the outer walls of both the bottom telescopic device 7 and the top fixing device 5. The hinge points are distributed at equal angles around the axis of the rotating main shaft 13.

[0034] The long connecting rod 6 and the short connecting rod 4 in the pitch mechanism adopt a design similar to an umbrella frame. They are made of 304 stainless steel, which is corrosion resistant and has high structural strength, and can support the fan blades 3.

[0035] The driving component includes a motor fixedly mounted on the long connecting rod 6. A hinge connecting the fan blade 3 to the long connecting rod 6 is fixedly connected to the fan blade 3. A drive gear is connected to the output end of the motor, and a driven gear is connected to one end of the hinge. The drive gear and driven gear mesh. During pitch control, the fan blade 3 tilts. The motor, in conjunction with the drive and driven gears, controls the rotation of the fan blade 3 to maintain its vertical position and preserve its wind-receiving area.

[0036] A ring of air guide protection panels 12 is vertically arranged along the outer edge of the fan base 1. The air guide protection panels 12 are rectangular and include a rectangular outer frame 25. A support beam 26 is horizontally fixed in the middle of the outer frame 25. The top and bottom of the support beam 26 are connected to the inner top and inner bottom of the outer frame 25 respectively through vertically arranged fan blades 27. The fan blades 27 are equidistantly arranged. The fan blades 27 and the outer frame 25 are made of fiberglass.

[0037] Both the outer frame 25 and the guide fan blades 27 are made of fiberglass, which has good thermal insulation, antimagnetic properties and electrical insulation properties. The excellent thermal insulation properties prevent the temperature from dropping rapidly in cold weather and the formation of thick ice layers. Its electrical insulation and antimagnetic properties ensure the stability of the electromagnetic field inside the generator 24 and reduce the influence of the strong electromagnetic field of the tower.

[0038] The structure of the guide fan blade 27 is an axisymmetric streamlined structure. It rotates around the center line of the support column. When the wind blows into the wind guide protection panel 12, the guide fan blade 27 will automatically adjust to a direction parallel to the wind direction (similar to the principle of a wind vane), thereby directing the wind in a parallel direction and reducing the impact of turbulence on the wind turbine's power generation efficiency. At the same time, the streamlined design increases the speed of the wind when it enters, increases the original wind force, improves power generation efficiency, and increases the utilization rate of wind energy.

[0039] A fixing platform 28 is horizontally fixed at the bottom inner side of the air guide protection panel 12. The air guide protection panel 12 is vertically fixed to the outer edge of the fan base 1 by the panel screws 10 in conjunction with the fixing platform, forming a cylindrical shape. Since only two panel screws 10 fix one air guide protection panel 12, the structural strength is insufficient. Therefore, the contact sides of adjacent air guide protection panels 12 are welded.

[0040] The braking mechanism includes a brake disc 16 disposed below the rotating main shaft 13 and drum brake pads 18 disposed on both sides of the rotating main shaft 13. A connecting column 21 is vertically connected to the top of the brake disc 16, and a connecting rod is horizontally hinged to the top of the drum brake pads 18. The top ends of the connecting columns 21 are respectively hinged to the movable ends of the connecting rods. The end of the drum brake pads 18 away from the rotating main shaft 13 is connected to the movable end of a push rod motor for pushing the drum brake pads 18 toward the rotating main shaft 13.

[0041] A drum brake support column 17 is vertically fixed on the top of the generator 24. A horizontal tube is set on the top of the drum brake support column 17. The push rod motor is installed on the fixed end of the horizontal tube. An installation rod is set on the back of the drum brake pad 18. The installation rod is slidably installed in the horizontal tube. The output shaft of the push rod motor is coaxially fixedly connected to the installation rod.

[0042] The combined braking system, consisting of brake disc 16 and drum brake pads 18, is activated when the rotational speed of the main shaft, corresponding to the generator rotor speed, exceeds its maximum limit, potentially causing stall damage. This activates the braking device to stop the wind turbine. The drum brake pads 18 simultaneously move the brake disc 16, and this two-stage braking system increases friction efficiency and improves braking speed.

[0043] The bottom end of the rotating spindle 13 is fixedly connected to an arc-shaped brake protrusion 22, and the movable end of the drum brake pad 18 is arc-shaped, with the movable end of the drum brake pad 18 facing the rotating spindle 13.

[0044] The arc-shaped brake protrusion 22 can effectively fit the rotating spindle 13.

[0045] A disc brake retainer 23 is fixedly installed on the top of the generator 24. A disc brake telescopic rod 15 is vertically fixedly installed on the top of the disc brake retainer 23. The disc brake telescopic rod 15 includes a fixed end and a movable end that is coaxially slidably installed inside the top of the fixed end. The movable end is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the brake disc 16.

[0046] The working principle of the brake is as follows: the push rod motor pushes the drum brake pads 18 toward the brake protrusion 22. At this time, due to the reduction in the distance between the drum brake pads 18 on both sides of the brake protrusion 22, the I-shaped connecting rod 19 and the Y-shaped connecting rod 20 arch upward, and drive the connecting column 21 to move upward. The connecting column 21 drives the brake disc 16 to move upward. The outer wall of the drum brake pads 18 fits against the side wall of the brake protrusion 22, and the brake disc 16 fits against the bottom wall of the brake protrusion 22, causing friction and stopping the rotating main shaft 13.

[0047] The connecting rod located on one side of the connecting post 21 is an I-shaped connecting rod 19, and the connecting rod located on the other side of the connecting post 21 is a Y-shaped connecting rod 20.

[0048] A wind turbine drain hole 9 is provided on the top of the wind turbine base 1. Since the wind turbine's overall structure is similar to a cylinder after the wind guide protection panel 12 is installed, it is prone to water accumulation. The wind turbine drain hole 9 is provided to drain rainwater in time and avoid aggravating the corrosion of the wind turbine.

[0049] The control method for a tower-mounted telescopic vertical axis wind turbine includes the following steps: Step 1: Detect the rotor speed of the generator 24 and the external wind speed using a rotor speed detection sensor and a wind speed sensor, and calculate the rotational speed of the main shaft 13 based on the rotor speed; Step 2: When the external wind speed is constant, control the pitch mechanism to increase or decrease the pitch, detect the rotor speed and record it in the storage module to obtain the efficiency curve of rotor speed versus pitch under constant wind speed; Step 3: Calculate the maximum rotational speed of the generator rotor based on the maximum wind speed that the turbine blades 3 can withstand, using it as the upper limit. When the generator rotor speed exceeds the upper limit, decelerate the main shaft 13 using a braking mechanism, and reduce the pitch using the pitch mechanism after the speed decreases; Step 4: When the external wind speed detected by the wind speed sensor is too high, directly lock the main shaft 13 using the braking mechanism, and reduce the pitch to the minimum using the pitch mechanism; Step 5: When the external wind speed is within the operating wind speed range of the efficiency curve, adjust the pitch to a safe length according to the efficiency curve to achieve maximum power generation efficiency.

Claims

1. A tower-mounted telescopic vertical axis wind turbine, characterized in that: The device includes a wind turbine base (1), a generator (24) installed inside the wind turbine base (1), a brake mechanism fixedly installed on the wind turbine base (1), a wind turbine housing (2) fixedly installed on the top of the wind turbine base (1), and a rotating main shaft (13) rotatably installed on the top of the wind turbine housing (2). The rotating main shaft (13) is equipped with a pitch mechanism and is connected to the wind turbine blades (3). The brake mechanism is connected to the bottom end of the rotating main shaft (13). A rotor speed detection sensor is installed inside the generator (24). A wind speed sensor is installed on the outer edge of the wind turbine base (1). The rotor speed detection sensor and the wind speed sensor are connected to the generator control unit. The rotating main shaft (13) is fixedly provided with a bottom fixing device (8) and is rotatably connected to the fan housing (2) through the bottom fixing device (8). The telescopic structure at the bottom of the pitch mechanism for adjusting the pitch is fixedly provided on the top of the bottom fixing device (8). The pitch mechanism includes a push rod motor (14) fixedly installed on the bottom fixture (8), a bottom telescopic device (7) slidably fitted on the bottom of the rotating main shaft (13), and a top fixture (5) fixedly installed on the top of the rotating main shaft (13). The outer walls of the bottom telescopic device (7) and the top fixture (5) are respectively horizontally hinged with a long connecting rod (6) and a short connecting rod (4). The movable end of the short connecting rod (4) is hinged to the middle of the long connecting rod (6), and the movable end of the long connecting rod (6) is hinged to the inner wall of the fan blade (3). The long connecting rod (6) is provided with a drive component for controlling the horizontal rotation of the fan blade (3). The braking mechanism includes a brake disc (16) disposed below the rotating main shaft (13) and drum brake pads (18) disposed on both sides of the rotating main shaft (13). A connecting column (21) is vertically connected to the top of the brake disc (16), and a connecting rod is horizontally hinged to the top of the drum brake pads (18). The top of the connecting column (21) is hinged to the movable end of the connecting rod. The end of the drum brake pads (18) away from the rotating main shaft (13) is connected to the movable end of a push rod motor for pushing the drum brake pads (18) toward the rotating main shaft (13). The bottom end of the rotating spindle (13) is fixedly connected to an arc-shaped brake protrusion (22), and the movable end of the drum brake pad (18) is arc-shaped, with the movable end of the drum brake pad (18) facing the rotating spindle. The top of the generator (24) is fixedly provided with a disc brake retainer (23), and the top of the disc brake retainer (23) is vertically fixedly provided with a disc brake telescopic rod (15). The disc brake telescopic rod (15) includes a fixed end and a movable end that is coaxially slidably disposed in the top of the fixed end. The movable end is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the brake disc (16).

2. The tower-mounted telescopic vertical axis wind turbine generator as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The driving component includes a motor fixedly mounted on the long connecting rod (6), and a hinge connecting the fan blade (3) to the long connecting rod (6) is fixedly connected to the fan blade (3). The output end of the motor is connected to a driving gear, and one end of the hinge is connected to a driven gear. The driving gear meshes with the driven gear.

3. The tower-mounted telescopic vertical axis wind turbine generator as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fan base (1) has a ring of air guide protection panel (12) arranged around its outer edge. The air guide protection panel (12) is rectangular and includes a rectangular outer frame (25). A support beam (26) is horizontally fixed in the middle of the outer frame (25). The top and bottom of the support beam (26) are connected to the inner top and inner bottom of the outer frame (25) respectively by vertically rotating fan blades (27). The fan blades (27) are arranged at equal intervals. Both the outer frame (25) and the fan blades (27) are made of fiberglass.

4. The tower-mounted telescopic vertical axis wind turbine generator as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting rod located on one side of the connecting post (21) is an I-shaped connecting rod (19), and the connecting rod located on the other side of the connecting post (21) is a Y-shaped connecting rod (20).

5. The control method for a tower-mounted telescopic vertical axis wind turbine as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Detect the rotor speed of the generator (24) and the outside wind speed by using the rotor speed detection sensor and the wind speed sensor, and calculate the rotation speed of the rotating main shaft (13) by using the rotor speed. Step 2: Under constant external wind speed, control the pitch mechanism to increase or decrease the pitch, detect the rotor speed and record it in the storage module to obtain the efficiency curve of rotor speed versus pitch under constant wind speed. Step 3: Calculate the maximum speed of the generator rotor based on the maximum wind speed that the fan blades (3) can withstand, and use it as the upper limit. When the generator rotor speed exceeds the upper limit, the main shaft (13) is decelerated by the braking mechanism, and the pitch is reduced by the pitch mechanism after the speed is reduced. Step 4: When the outside wind speed detected by the wind speed sensor is too high, use the braking mechanism to lock the rotating main shaft (13) directly, and reduce the pitch to the minimum through the pitch mechanism. Step 5: When the external wind speed is within the operating wind speed range of the efficiency curve, adjust the pitch to a safe length according to the efficiency curve to generate electricity with maximum efficiency.

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