A large field of view integrated imaging 3D display system based on composite superlens array

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of big field of view integrated imaging 3D display systems based on composite superlens array, including display screen, composite superlens array;The composite superlens array is arranged in the light side of display screen;The composite superlens array has deflection, focusing function, and the composite superlens unit in the composite superlens array has the same focal length and has different deflection angles;The composite superlens array is used to deflect and focus the light emitted by the element image array in display screen, so that the light of greater field of view enters human eye, and a 3D virtual image is presented on the other side of display screen, realizing the integrated imaging 3D display of big field of view.The application uses the composite superlens array with deflection, focusing function, and its function is equivalent to ordinary convex lens array plus prism array, which can realize the technical effect of deflecting light at different angles and focusing, to meet the needs of integrated imaging 3D display system to expand the field of view.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of micro-nano optics and optical imaging technology, and more specifically, to a large field-of-view integrated imaging 3D display system based on a composite superlens array. Background Technology

[0002] A metasurface is a two-dimensional nanoarray composed of subwavelength structural units with specific geometries arranged according to certain rules. Its optical thickness is only on the order of hundreds of nanometers to micrometers, making it an optical artificial composite material. Metasurfaces enable precise manipulation of optical fields at the nanoscale, including controlling optical degrees of freedom such as wavelength, amplitude, phase, and polarization, playing a crucial role in planar photonics, nanophotonics, near-field optics, and spin optics. With increasing attention on metasurfaces, various superlenses based on optical metasurfaces have also developed, bringing a new leap forward in optical imaging technology. For some lens arrays with special surface shapes, traditional geometric optical lenses face challenges such as high fabrication difficulty or even inability to fabricate, and low duty cycles. Compared to traditional geometric optical lens arrays, superlens arrays composed of nanostructures have significant advantages such as high degrees of freedom of manipulation, rich optical properties, lightweight design, and high integration, achieving a 100% duty cycle.

[0003] Integrated imaging 3D display is a widely used 3D imaging and display technology that provides observers with true 3D images from all parallax and continuous viewpoints, effectively solving the vergence-accommodation conflict problem. Integrated imaging 3D display mainly consists of two processes: light field acquisition and light field reconstruction. In the light field acquisition process, the light information emitted from the 3D image is captured by a CCD through a lens array, generating a two-dimensional array of element images, each representing a different viewpoint of the 3D image. In the light field reconstruction process, the acquired array of element images is displayed on a display device, and the light rays reconstruct the 3D image scene through the lens array. The key device in integrated imaging 3D display technology is the lens array. Due to the performance limitations of traditional geometric optical lens arrays, integrated imaging 3D display technology faces the inherent problem of a narrow field of view. Expanding the field of view is considered one of the key issues in integrated imaging 3D display. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem of narrow field of view in existing integrated imaging 3D displays, the present invention provides a large field of view integrated imaging 3D display system based on a composite superlens array, which can expand the field of view of integrated imaging 3D displays.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives of this invention, the technical solution adopted is as follows:

[0006] A large field-of-view integrated imaging 3D display system based on a composite superlens array, the system comprising a display screen and a composite superlens array;

[0007] The composite superlens array is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display screen;

[0008] The composite superlens array has deflection and focusing functions, and the composite superlens units in the composite superlens array have the same focal length but different deflection angles.

[0009] The composite superlens array is used to deflect and focus the light emitted from the element image array on the display screen, so that light with a larger field of view enters the human eye and presents a 3D virtual image on the other side of the display screen, realizing integrated imaging 3D display with a large field of view.

[0010] Preferably, the composite superlens array comprises several composite superlens units of the same size but different phases.

[0011] Furthermore, the composite superlens unit includes a substrate and several columnar structural units disposed on the top of the substrate.

[0012] Furthermore, the fabrication of the composite superlens array includes the following steps:

[0013] S1: Select the substrate material and columnar structure unit material, and determine the number of composite superlens units;

[0014] S2: Based on the substrate material and columnar structure unit material selected in S1, determine the height, shape, arrangement and period of the columnar structure unit, and calculate the phase and transmittance response corresponding to each columnar structure unit;

[0015] S3: Determine the side length or diameter D, focal length f, and corresponding deflection angle θ of a single composite superlens unit, and periodically sample the region with side length or diameter D on the substrate to obtain multiple sampling points;

[0016] S4: Based on the focal length f and deflection angle θ determined in S3, determine the phase distribution of the composite superlens unit;

[0017] S5: Determine the phase required for each sampling point based on the phase distribution, and compare the phase of the sampling point with the phase corresponding to each columnar structural unit obtained in step S2 to obtain the columnar structural unit corresponding to each sampling point.

[0018] S6: Arrange different columnar structural units of the same height on the substrate according to the phase requirements of each sampling point in step S5, thereby completing the fabrication of a single composite superlens unit;

[0019] S7: Based on the different deflection angles θ corresponding to different composite superlens units in the composite superlens array, repeat steps S3 to S6 to complete the fabrication of the entire composite superlens array.

[0020] Furthermore, the substrate and columnar structural unit are selected from one of the following materials: quartz, silicon nitride, titanium dioxide, diamond, monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, silicon dioxide, gallium nitride, and imprinting adhesive.

[0021] Furthermore, the height of the columnar structural unit is 0.2λ to 3λ, where λ is the incident wavelength.

[0022] Furthermore, the cross-section of the columnar structural unit is a planar shape with 90° rotational symmetry.

[0023] Furthermore, the phase distribution of the composite superlens unit is specifically formulated as follows:

[0024]

[0025] Where (x, y) represents the coordinates on the surface of the composite superlens unit, with the center of the composite superlens unit surface as the origin, x min denoted by , where is the minimum x-coordinate of the composite superlens unit, f is the focal length of the composite superlens unit, λ is the wavelength, and θ is the deflection angle of the light ray corresponding to the composite superlens unit.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S3, the periodic sampling method is either four-corner lattice sampling or hexagonal lattice sampling.

[0027] Preferably, the composite superlens unit in the composite superlens array can converge parallel light incident at a corresponding angle θ onto a central axis perpendicular to the surface of the composite superlens unit.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0029] This invention provides a large field-of-view integrated imaging 3D display system based on a composite superlens array. It employs a composite superlens array that can expand the field of view of the integrated imaging 3D display. This composite superlens array is equivalent to the superposition of the effects of a traditional lens array and a prism array. The composite superlens unit of this composite superlens array can achieve the technical effect of converging parallel light incident at a corresponding angle onto an axis perpendicular to the lens surface through the center of the lens.

[0030] This invention uses a composite superlens array with deflection and focusing functions to replace the optical microlens array, which helps to reduce the weight and volume of the system and improve the field of view of the integrated imaging 3D display. Furthermore, the function of the composite superlens array is equivalent to a regular convex lens array plus a prism array, achieving the technical effect of deflecting light at different angles and focusing it, thus meeting the need for expanded field of view in the integrated imaging 3D display system. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a large field-of-view integrated imaging 3D display system based on a composite superlens array, provided by the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the composite superlens array described in this invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a top view of a periodic columnar structural unit with a height of 500 nm.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a side view of a periodic columnar structural unit with a height of 500 nm.

[0035] Figure 5 The diagram shows the simulated focal plane of the composite superlens unit at the center of the composite superlens array under parallel light incident at an angle of 0 degrees and a wavelength of 547 nm.

[0036] Figure 6 The cross-sectional view of the composite superlens unit at the center of the composite superlens array, under the incidence of parallel light at an incident angle of 0 degrees and a wavelength of 547 nm, along the x-direction through the focal point.

[0037] Figure 7 The diagram shows the focusing effect of the composite superlens unit at the center of the composite superlens array along the propagation direction when parallel light with a wavelength of 547nm and an incident angle of 0 degrees is incident.

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the focal plane simulation results of a non-central composite superlens unit in a composite superlens array, under parallel light incident at an angle of 22.891 degrees and a wavelength of 547 nm.

[0039] Figure 9 The cross-sectional view of a non-central composite superlens unit of a composite superlens array, under parallel light incident at an angle of 22.891 degrees and a wavelength of 547 nm, along the x-direction through the focal point.

[0040] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the focusing effect of a non-central composite superlens unit in a composite superlens array under parallel light incident at an angle of 22.891 degrees and a wavelength of 547 nm, along the propagation direction.

[0041] In the diagram: 1-display screen, 2-composite superlens array, 3-3D virtual image, 4-human eye, 5-columnar structural unit, 6-substrate. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, a large field-of-view integrated imaging 3D display system based on a composite superlens array is disclosed. The system includes a display screen 1 and a composite superlens array 2.

[0045] The composite superlens array 2 is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display screen 1;

[0046] The composite superlens array 2 has deflection and focusing functions, and the composite superlens units in the composite superlens array 2 have the same focal length but different deflection angles.

[0047] The composite superlens array 2 is used to deflect and focus the light emitted from the element image array in the display screen 1, so that light with a larger field of view enters the human eye 4 and presents a 3D virtual image 3 on the other side of the display screen 1, realizing integrated imaging 3D display with a large field of view.

[0048] This invention provides a large field-of-view integrated imaging 3D display system based on a composite superlens array 2. The composite superlens array 2 can expand the field of view of the integrated imaging 3D display. The composite superlens array 2 is equivalent to the superposition of the effects of a traditional lens array and a prism array. The composite superlens unit of the composite superlens array 2 can achieve the technical effect of converging parallel light incident at a corresponding angle onto an axis perpendicular to the lens surface through the lens center.

[0049] This invention employs a composite superlens array 2 with deflection and focusing functions to replace the optical microlens array, which helps reduce system weight and volume and improve the field of view of integrated imaging 3D display. Furthermore, the composite superlens array 2 functions similarly to a regular convex lens array plus a prism array, achieving the technical effect of deflecting light at different angles and focusing it, thus meeting the need for expanded field of view in integrated imaging 3D display systems.

[0050] Example 2

[0051] Based on the large field-of-view integrated imaging 3D display system based on the composite superlens array 2 described in Embodiment 1, more specifically, in this embodiment, the composite superlens array 2 includes several composite superlens units of the same size but different phases.

[0052] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the composite superlens unit includes a substrate 6 and several columnar structural units 5 disposed on the top of the substrate 6.

[0053] In this embodiment, the fabrication of the composite superlens array 2 includes the following steps:

[0054] S1: Select substrate material 6 and columnar structure unit material 5, and determine the number of composite superlens units;

[0055] S2: Based on the substrate 6 material and columnar structure unit 5 material selected in S1, determine the height, shape, arrangement and period of columnar structure unit 5, and calculate the phase and transmittance response corresponding to each columnar structure unit 5.

[0056] S3: Determine the side length or diameter D, focal length f, and corresponding deflection angle θ of a single composite superlens unit, and periodically sample the region with side length or diameter D on the substrate 6 to obtain multiple sampling points;

[0057] S4: Based on the focal length f and deflection angle θ determined in S3, determine the phase distribution of the composite superlens unit;

[0058] S5: Determine the phase required for each sampling point based on the phase distribution, and compare the phase of the sampling point with the phase corresponding to each columnar structural unit 5 obtained in step S2 to obtain the columnar structural unit 5 corresponding to each sampling point.

[0059] S6: Arrange different columnar structure units 5 of the same height on the substrate 6 according to the phase requirements of each sampling point in step S5, thereby completing the fabrication of a single composite superlens unit.

[0060] S7: Based on the different deflection angles θ corresponding to different composite superlens units in the composite superlens array 2, repeat steps S3 to S6 to complete the fabrication of the entire composite superlens array 2.

[0061] In this embodiment, the substrate 6 and the columnar structure unit 5 are selected from one of the following materials: quartz, silicon nitride, titanium dioxide, diamond, monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, silicon dioxide, gallium nitride, and imprinting adhesive.

[0062] In this embodiment, the height of the columnar structural unit 5 is 0.2λ to 3λ, where λ is the incident wavelength.

[0063] In this embodiment, the cross-section of the columnar structural unit 5 is a planar shape with 90° rotational symmetry.

[0064] In this embodiment, the phase distribution of the composite superlens unit is specifically formulated as follows:

[0065]

[0066] Where (x, y) represents the coordinates on the surface of the composite superlens unit, with the center of the composite superlens unit surface as the origin, x min denoted by , where is the minimum x-coordinate of the composite superlens unit, f is the focal length of the composite superlens unit, λ is the wavelength, and θ is the deflection angle of the light ray corresponding to the composite superlens unit.

[0067] In this embodiment, in step S3, the sampling method for periodic sampling is either four-corner lattice sampling or hexagonal lattice sampling.

[0068] In this embodiment, the composite superlens unit in the composite superlens array 2 can converge parallel light incident at a corresponding angle θ onto the central axis perpendicular to the surface of the composite superlens unit.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] Based on the large field-of-view integrated imaging 3D display system based on the composite superlens array 2 described in Embodiment 2, more specifically, in this embodiment, the substrate 6 of the composite superlens unit is selected as silicon dioxide with a refractive index of 1.45; the columnar structure unit 5 is selected as imprinted adhesive with a refractive index of 1.9; the sampling method of the composite superlens unit is selected as four-corner sampling, and the height of the columnar structure unit 5 is 500nm, the side length of the composite superlens unit is D = 40μm, the focal length of the composite superlens unit is f = 180μm, the wavelength is λ = 547nm, and the phase distribution formula of its sampling points is:

[0071]

[0072] For the composite superlens unit in the middle of the composite superlens array 2, with a corresponding deflection angle θ = 0° and a lattice period of 370 nm, the required phase of the sampling point is compared with the phase corresponding to each columnar structure unit 5 obtained in step S2 to obtain the columnar structure unit 5 corresponding to each sampling point, which is then arranged on the substrate 6 to obtain the composite superlens unit. In the specific implementation process, such as... Figure 2 As shown in the upper right corner, incident parallel light with an angle of θ = 0° converges onto an axis perpendicular to the lens surface, passing through the lens center. More specifically, numerical simulations show parallel light with an incident angle of θ = 0° and a wavelength of λ = 547 nm incident on this superlens, and its focused focal spot is as follows. Figure 5 As shown, the focal spot is located at the coordinate center of the lens unit, and its half-width at half-maximum is as follows: Figure 6 The image shown is only 2.27 micrometers in size, and the surface of the superlens has z=0. Figure 7 As shown, after the parallel light propagates along the positive z-direction and passes through the composite superlens, the light field converges on an axis perpendicular to the lens surface through the center of the lens, and the focal length is 180 micrometers, which matches the design.

[0073] For the other composite superlens units in the composite superlens array 2, their corresponding deflection angles are related to their positions, specifically as follows: Figure 1 The diagram shows the angle between the line connecting the center of the lens unit to the center of the human eye's pupil and the axis of the entire system. Taking the composite superlens unit at the outermost edge of the array as an example, its corresponding deflection angle θ = 22.89° and lattice period of 330nm are selected. The required phase of the sampling point is compared with the phase corresponding to each columnar structure unit 5 obtained in step S2 to obtain the columnar structure unit 5 corresponding to each sampling point, which is then arranged on the substrate 6 to obtain the superlens. In the specific implementation process, such as... Figure 2 As shown in the lower right corner, incident parallel light with an angle of θ = 22.89° converges onto an axis perpendicular to the lens surface, passing through the lens center. More specifically, numerical simulations show parallel light with an incident angle of θ = 22.89° and a wavelength of λ = 547 nm incident on this superlens, and its focused focal spot is as follows. Figure 8 As shown, the focal spot is located at the coordinate center of the lens unit, and its half-width at half-maximum is as follows: Figure 9 The image shown is only 2.19 micrometers in size, and the surface of the superlens has z=0. Figure 10 As shown, when the incident parallel light at an incident angle θ = 22.89° passes through the composite superlens, the light field converges on an axis perpendicular to the lens surface through the lens center under the deflection phase modulation of the superlens, and the focal length is 180 micrometers, which is consistent with the design, demonstrating the deflection and focusing capability of the composite superlens unit for light.

[0074] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large field-of-view integrated imaging 3D display system based on a composite superlens array, characterized in that: The system includes a display screen (1) and a composite superlens array (2); The composite superlens array (2) is disposed on the light-emitting side of the display screen (1); The composite superlens array (2) has deflection and focusing functions. The composite superlens units in the composite superlens array (2) have the same focal length but different deflection angles. The phase distribution of the composite superlens units is specifically formulated as follows: in,( (y) represents the coordinates on the surface of the compound superlens unit, with the center of the compound superlens unit surface as the origin. x min Indicating the compound superlens unit x Minimum coordinates f The focal length of the compound superlens unit. For wavelength, The angle of light deflection corresponding to the composite superlens unit; The composite superlens array (2) is used to deflect and focus the light emitted from the element image array in the display screen (1), so that light with a larger field of view enters the human eye (4), and a 3D virtual image (3) is presented on the other side of the display screen (1), realizing integrated imaging 3D display with a large field of view; the composite superlens unit in the composite superlens array (2) can deflect and focus the light emitted from the element image array in the display screen (1) at a corresponding angle. The incident parallel light converges on the central axis perpendicular to the surface of the composite superlens unit.

2. The large field-of-view integrated imaging 3D display system based on a composite superlens array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite superlens array (2) includes several composite superlens units of the same size but different phases.

3. The large field-of-view integrated imaging 3D display system based on a composite superlens array according to claim 2, characterized in that: The composite superlens unit includes a substrate (6) and several columnar structural units (5) disposed on the top of the substrate (6).

4. The large field-of-view integrated imaging 3D display system based on a composite superlens array according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fabrication of the composite superlens array (2) includes the following steps: S1: Select the substrate (6) material and the columnar structure unit (5) material to determine the number of composite superlens units; S2: Based on the substrate (6) material and columnar structure unit (5) material selected in S1, determine the height, shape, arrangement and period of columnar structure unit (5), and calculate the phase and transmittance response corresponding to each columnar structure unit (5); S3: Determine the side length or diameter D and focal length of a single compound superlens unit. and the corresponding deflection angle Periodically sample the region with side length or diameter D on the substrate (6) to obtain multiple sampling points; S4: Focal length determined based on S3 and deflection angle To determine the phase distribution of the composite superlens unit; S5: Determine the phase required for each sampling point based on the phase distribution, compare the phase of the sampling point with the phase corresponding to each columnar structural unit (5) obtained in step S2, and obtain the columnar structural unit (5) corresponding to each sampling point. S6: Arrange different columnar structure units (5) of the same height on the substrate (6) according to the phase requirements of each sampling point in step S5, thereby completing the fabrication of a single composite superlens unit; S7: Based on the deflection angles corresponding to different composite superlens units in the composite superlens array (2) For each different case, repeat steps S3 to S6 to complete the fabrication of the entire composite superlens array (2).

5. The large field-of-view integrated imaging 3D display system based on a composite superlens array according to claim 3, characterized in that: The substrate (6) and columnar structural unit (5) are selected from one of the following materials: quartz, silicon nitride, titanium dioxide, diamond, monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, silicon dioxide, gallium nitride, and nanoimprint adhesive.

6. The large field-of-view integrated imaging 3D display system based on a composite superlens array according to claim 4, characterized in that: The height of the columnar structural unit (5) is ,in λ is the incident wavelength.

7. The large field-of-view integrated imaging 3D display system based on a composite superlens array according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S3, the periodic sampling method is either four-corner lattice sampling or hexagonal lattice sampling.

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