A mine foam dust depressant and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of foam dust fall agent, in particular to a mine foam dust fall agent and a preparation method thereof, which is prepared by the following process: taking fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, placing it in a room environment at 35-40 DEG C for 24-48 h; taking pure water, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate and sodium dodecyl sulfate, stirring until completely dissolved; and performing ultraviolet disinfection to obtain the dust fall agent. The present application takes fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (AES) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the main components of the prepared dust fall agent, and through the cooperation of components and proportions, the foaming efficiency of the dust fall agent can be significantly improved. In the case that the foaming concentration of the same products on the market is more than 5 ‰, the dust fall agent in the present application can normally foam only with 3 ‰; the components do not contain toxic components, have high biodegradability, are harmless to human body and do not pollute the environment; and the production process does not involve complex chemical reactions, has small investment, small damage to the environment, low energy consumption and low cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of foam dust fall agent, in particular to a mine foam dust fall agent and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The working condition in the coal mine is complex, and a large amount of dust will be generated in the mining process. If inhaled into the human body, a part of the coal dust may deposit in the lungs. When the coal dust reaches a certain concentration in a small space, it will also cause an accident in the mine. Therefore, controlling the dust concentration is an essential key measure to ensure the safety production of the coal mine. The existing dust fall means includes water spray dust fall, active magnetization dust fall, gas-water spray dust fall, sound wave atomization dust fall, electrostatic spray dust fall and the like. Among them, the dust fall effect of the water spray dust fall technology cannot meet the dust fall efficiency of the mine. Therefore, the present application provides a mine foam dust fall agent and a preparation method thereof. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application aims to provide a mine foam dust fall agent and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems in the background technology.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a mine foam dust fall agent, comprising the following mass components: 18-22 parts of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, 1-2 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 76-81 parts of pure water.

[0005] Further, the foam dust fall agent is prepared by the following process:

[0006] The fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate is taken and placed in a room environment at 35-40 DEG C for 24-48 h;

[0007] The pure water and the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate are mixed and stirred until completely dissolved. The sodium dodecyl sulfate is added and continuously stirred until completely dissolved. The foam is removed after standing, and ultraviolet disinfection is performed to obtain the dust fall agent.

[0008] Further, the foam dust fall agent further comprises 4.5-5.5 parts of a non-ionic surfactant.

[0009] Further, the non-ionic surfactant is a polyoxyethylene ether surfactant.

[0010] Further, the non-ionic surfactant is prepared by reacting fatty acid, diethylene triamine, 4-(hydroxymethyl) methyl phenylacetate and ethylene oxide.

[0011] Further, the non-ionic surfactant is prepared by the following process:

[0012] Mixing fatty acid and diethylene triamine, passing nitrogen, heating to 70-75℃, fully stirring, heating to 157-165℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min, reacting for 100-150min, heating to 200-210℃, reacting for 3.5-4.5h, distilling diethylene triamine to obtain amino imidazoline;

[0013] Mixing amino imidazoline and 4-(hydroxymethyl) methyl benzoate, adding catalyst sodium hydroxide, passing nitrogen, heating to 135-145℃, reacting for 4-5h, recrystallizing to obtain fatty amide;

[0014] Mixing fatty amide and catalyst potassium hydroxide in a stainless steel reactor, passing nitrogen, heating to 90-95℃, dehydrating for 50-60min under vacuum, heating to 140-150℃, adding ethylene oxide, reacting until the system pressure is unchanged to obtain non-ionic surfactant.

[0015] Further, the fatty acid is one of lauric acid and myristic acid;

[0016] The molar ratio of fatty acid and diethylene triamine is 1:(1.1-1.2).

[0017] Further, the molar ratio of amino imidazoline and 4-(hydroxymethyl) methyl benzoate is 1:(1.0-1.1);

[0018] The catalyst sodium hydroxide is 1% of the mass of 4-(hydroxymethyl) methyl benzoate.

[0019] Further, the molar ratio of fatty amide and ethylene oxide is 1:(8.5-9.5);

[0020] The catalyst potassium hydroxide is 0.30% of the mass of fatty amide.

[0021] In the above technical solution, AES and SDS are used as the main components of the prepared dust fall agent, and through the cooperation of components and proportions, the foaming efficiency of the dust fall agent can be significantly improved. In the case that the foaming concentration of the same product on the market is more than 5‰, the dust fall agent in the application can normally foam only at 3‰; the component does not contain toxic ingredients, has high biodegradability, is harmless to human body and does not pollute the environment; and the production process does not involve complex chemical reactions, has low investment, small environmental damage, low energy consumption and low cost.

[0022] There is a physical adsorption between coal dust and surfactant. When adding surfactant in water, the interfacial tension and surface free energy are reduced due to the adsorption of surfactant on the solid-liquid interface, and the mutual aggregation trend between coal dust particles is weakened. There are hydrophilic groups and lipophilic groups in the surfactant, which form an adsorption film on the surface of coal dust particles, hindering the aggregation between particles. At the same time, the presence of surfactant makes the surface of coal dust charged, and the electrostatic repulsion between particles is further strengthened, making the coal dust more easily wetted and achieving dust suppression effect.

[0023] In addition to anionic surfactants AES and SDS, the dust suppressant of the application also contains non-ionic surfactants. The addition of non-ionic surfactants can effectively reduce the electrostatic repulsion between ionic surfactants, make them more closely with the adsorption sites on the surface of coal dust particles, improve the wettability of the dust suppressant to coal dust, and further improve the dust suppression effect. The non-ionic surfactant in the application is prepared by amide cyclization reaction between fatty acid and diethylene triamine to obtain imidazoline compound with amino group, i.e. amino imidazoline; then the amino group reacts with methyl ester in methyl 4-(hydroxymethyl) phenylacetate to obtain amide containing hydroxyl group, i.e. fatty amide; the hydroxyl group reacts with ethylene oxide to form polyoxyethylene ether structure, thus obtaining non-ionic surfactant.

[0024] The surfactants AES and non-ionic surfactants in the application both contain ethoxy groups, which can reduce the electrostatic repulsion between surfactants and coal dust particles, strengthen the hydrogen bond interaction, promote the interaction between surfactants and water molecules, strengthen the polar effect between the dust suppressant and the hydrophilic sites on the surface of coal dust particles, and improve the dust suppression effect. The non-ionic surfactants and SDS contain long-chain alkyl tail chains, which can enhance the hydrophobic bond interaction between surfactants and coal dust particles; the benzene ring and imidazoline structure enhance the hydrophobic interaction between surfactants and coal dust particles, and can enhance the adsorption on the surface of coal dust particles through π bond, improve the interaction between surfactants and coal dust particles, and further improve the dust suppression effect of the prepared dust suppressant.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages:

[0026] The mine foam dust suppressant and its preparation method of the application use fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (AES) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the main components of the prepared dust suppressant, and through the cooperation of components and proportions, the foaming efficiency of the dust suppressant can be significantly improved. Under the condition that the foaming concentration of the same product on the market is more than 5‰, the dust suppressant in the application can normally foam only with 3‰; the component does not contain toxic ingredients, has high biodegradability, is harmless to human body and does not pollute the environment; and the production process does not involve complex chemical reactions, has small investment, small damage to the environment, low energy consumption and low cost. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0028] Embodiment 1

[0029] S1, 228 g of myristic acid and 113.5 g of diethylene triamine were mixed, nitrogen was passed, and heating was performed to 70℃ with sufficient stirring; the temperature was raised to 157℃ at a temperature raising rate of 5℃ / min, and reaction was performed for 100 min; the temperature was raised to 200℃, and reaction was performed for 3.5 h; diethylene triamine was removed by distillation to obtain an amino imidazoline;

[0030] 295 g of the amino imidazoline and 180 g of 4-(hydroxymethyl) methyl phenylacetate were mixed, 1.8 g of a catalyst sodium hydroxide was added, nitrogen was passed, and heating was performed to 135℃ for 4 h; recrystallization was performed to obtain a fatty amide;

[0031] 457 g of the fatty amide and 1.4 g of a catalyst potassium hydroxide were mixed in a stainless steel reaction kettle, nitrogen was passed, the temperature was raised to 90℃, and vacuum dehydration was performed for 50 min; the temperature was raised to 140℃, 374 g of ethylene oxide was added, and reaction was performed until the system pressure was unchanged to obtain a nonionic surfactant;

[0032] S2, the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate was placed in a room indoor environment at 35℃ for 24 h;

[0033] 760 g of pure water and 180 g of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate were mixed, 10 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 45 g of the nonionic surfactant were sequentially added, and stirring was continuously performed until complete dissolution; defoaming was performed after standing, and ultraviolet disinfection was performed to obtain a dust fall agent.

[0034] Embodiment 2

[0035] S1, 200 g of lauric acid and 118 g of diethylene triamine were mixed, nitrogen was passed, and heating was performed to 72℃ with sufficient stirring; the temperature was raised to 160℃ at a temperature raising rate of 5℃ / min, and reaction was performed for 120 min; the temperature was raised to 205℃, and reaction was performed for 4 h; diethylene triamine was removed by distillation to obtain an amino imidazoline;

[0036] 267 g of the amino imidazoline and 189 g of 4-(hydroxymethyl) methyl phenylacetate were mixed, 1.9 g of a catalyst sodium hydroxide was added, nitrogen was passed, and heating was performed to 140℃ for 4.5 h; recrystallization was performed to obtain a fatty amide;

[0037] Take 429 g of fatty amide, 1.3 g of catalyst potassium hydroxide, mix in a stainless steel reactor, pass nitrogen, heat to 92°C, vacuum dehydration for 55 min; heat to 145°C, add 396 g of ethylene oxide, react until the system pressure is unchanged, to obtain a nonionic surfactant;

[0038] S2, take fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, place it in a room environment at 37°C, and leave it for 36 h;

[0039] Take 785 g of pure water, 200 g of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, mix, and then add 15 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 50 g of nonionic surfactant in sequence, continue to stir until completely dissolved; stand to defoam, ultraviolet disinfection, to obtain a dust suppressant.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] S1, take 200 g of lauric acid and 113 g of diethylene triamine, pass nitrogen, heat to 75°C, and stir thoroughly; heat to 165°C at a rate of 5°C / min, react for 150 min; heat to 210°C, react for 4.5 h; distill off the diethylene triamine to obtain an amino imidazoline;

[0042] Take 267 g of amino imidazoline and 198 g of 4-(hydroxymethyl) methyl phenylacetate, add 2.0 g of catalyst sodium hydroxide, pass nitrogen, heat to 145°C and react for 5 h; recrystallize to obtain a fatty amide;

[0043] Take 429 g of fatty amide and 1.3 g of catalyst potassium hydroxide, mix in a stainless steel reactor, pass nitrogen, heat to 95°C, vacuum dehydration for 60 min; heat to 150°C, add 418 g of ethylene oxide, react until the system pressure is unchanged, to obtain a nonionic surfactant;

[0044] S2, take fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, place it in a room environment at 40°C, and leave it for 48 h;

[0045] Take 810 g of pure water and 220 g of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, mix, and then add 20 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 55 g of nonionic surfactant in sequence, continue to stir until completely dissolved; stand to defoam, ultraviolet disinfection, to obtain a dust suppressant.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] Take fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, place it in a room environment at 35°C, and leave it for 24 h;

[0048] Take 760 g of pure water and 180 g of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, mix, and then add 10 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, continue to stir until completely dissolved; stand to defoam, ultraviolet disinfection, to obtain a dust suppressant.

[0049] Example 5

[0050] Take 785g of pure water, 200g of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, add 15g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, continue to stir until completely dissolved; stand defoaming, ultraviolet disinfection, get dust faller.

[0051] Take 785g of pure water, 200g of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, add 15g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, continue to stir until completely dissolved; stand defoaming, ultraviolet disinfection, get dust faller.

[0052] Example 6

[0053] Take 785g of pure water, 200g of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, add 15g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, continue to stir until completely dissolved; stand defoaming, ultraviolet disinfection, get dust faller.

[0054] Take 785g of pure water, 200g of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, add 15g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, continue to stir until completely dissolved; stand defoaming, ultraviolet disinfection, get dust faller.

[0055] Comparative Example 1

[0056] S1, take 116g of hexanoic acid, 113.5g of diethylene triamine, mix, nitrogen, heated to 70℃, fully stirred; heating to 157℃, with a heating rate of 5℃ / min, reaction 100min; heating to 200℃, reaction 3.5h; distillation to remove diethylene triamine, get amino imidazoline;

[0057] Take 295g of amino imidazoline, 180g of 4-(hydroxymethyl) methyl phenylacetate, add 1.8g of catalyst sodium hydroxide, nitrogen, heating to 135℃ reaction 4h; recrystallization, get fatty amide;

[0058] Take 457g of fatty amide, 1.4g of catalyst potassium hydroxide, mix in a stainless steel reactor, nitrogen, heating to 90℃, vacuum dehydration for 50min; heating to 140℃, add 374g of ethylene oxide, reaction until the system pressure is unchanged, get nonionic surfactant;

[0059] S2, take 785g of pure water, 200g of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, add 15g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, continue to stir until completely dissolved; stand defoaming, ultraviolet disinfection, get dust faller.

[0060] Take 785g of pure water, 200g of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, add 15g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, continue to stir until completely dissolved; stand defoaming, ultraviolet disinfection, get dust faller.

[0061] Comparative Example 2

[0062] S1, take 116g hexanoic acid, 113.5g diethylene triamine mixed, nitrogen, heated to 70℃, fully stirred; temperature to 157℃, with a heating rate of 5℃ / min, reaction 100min; temperature to 200℃, reaction 3.5h; distillation to remove diethylene triamine, to obtain amino imidazoline;

[0063] Take 295g amino imidazoline, 90g methyl hydroxyacetate mixed, add 1.8g catalyst sodium hydroxide, nitrogen, temperature to 135℃ reaction 4h; recrystallization, to obtain fatty amide;

[0064] Take 457g fatty amide, 1.4g catalyst potassium hydroxide, mixed in a stainless steel reactor, nitrogen, temperature to 90℃, vacuum dehydration for 50min; temperature to 140℃, add 374g ethylene oxide, reaction until the system pressure is unchanged, to obtain nonionic surfactant;

[0065] S2, take fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, placed in the indoor environment temperature of 35℃, placed for 24h;

[0066] Take 760g pure water, 180g fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate mixed, add 10g sodium dodecyl sulfate, 45g nonionic surfactant, continue to stir until completely dissolved; standing defoaming, ultraviolet disinfection, to obtain dust suppressant.

[0067] Comparative example 3

[0068] Take fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, placed in the indoor environment temperature of 35℃, placed for 24h;

[0069] Take 760g pure water, 180g fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate mixed, add 10g sodium dodecyl sulfate, 45g lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, continue to stir until completely dissolved; standing defoaming, ultraviolet disinfection, to obtain dust suppressant.

[0070] Comparative example 4

[0071] Take fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, placed in the indoor environment temperature of 35℃, placed for 24h;

[0072] Take 760g pure water, 180g fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate mixed, add 10g sodium dodecyl sulfate, 45g glycerol monofatty acid ester, continue to stir until completely dissolved; standing defoaming, ultraviolet disinfection, to obtain dust suppressant.

[0073] Comparative example 5

[0074] Take fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, placed in the indoor environment temperature of 35℃, placed for 24h;

[0075] Take 760 g of pure water, 180 g of lauryl alcohol ether phosphate mixed, 10 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate was added in turn, continue to stir until completely dissolved; stand defoaming, ultraviolet disinfection, get dust faller.

[0076] Comparative example 6

[0077] Take the sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, place it in a room environment temperature of 35℃, and leave it for 24 hours;

[0078] Take 760 g of pure water, 180 g of lauryl alcohol ether phosphate mixed, 10 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate was added in turn, continue to stir until completely dissolved; stand defoaming, ultraviolet disinfection, get dust faller.

[0079] Experiment

[0080] Take the dust faller obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4, prepare samples, and detect the performance of each sample and record the detection results:

[0081] Take 0.5 g of coal powder and 50 mL of sample, mix them, shake and stir for 24 hours, centrifuge, and use a spectrophotometer (275 nm) to measure the surfactant in the supernatant. The adsorption rate of the surfactant on the surface of the coal powder is taken as the characterization data. The experimental temperature is 25℃, and the particle size of the coal powder is <70 μm;

[0082] Take 50 mg of coal powder and place it in filter paper. Use a lifting device to put the filter paper into the sample. The sample quickly wets the filter paper, causing the coal powder to separate from the filter paper. Then the coal powder starts to sink into the sample until it settles. Record the complete settling time of the coal powder.

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] According to the data in the above table, the following conclusions can be clearly obtained:

[0086] The dust faller obtained in examples 1-3 is compared with the dust faller obtained in comparative examples 1-4. The detection results show that,

[0087] Compared with comparative examples 1-4, the dust faller obtained in examples 1-3 has higher adsorption rate data and lower settling time in the experiment. Compared with comparative examples 5-6, the dust faller obtained in examples 1-3 has higher adsorption rate data and lower settling time in the experiment. This fully demonstrates that the dust faller of the present application has improved dust fall ability.

[0088] Compared with Example 1, the dust fall agent in Comparative Example 1 replaces the component myristic acid with equimolar hexanoic acid; the dust fall agent in Comparative Example 2 replaces the component myristic acid with equimolar hexanoic acid, and replaces 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzeneacetic acid methyl ester with equimolar methyl hydroxyacetate; the dust fall agent in Comparative Example 3 replaces laureth as the non-ionic surfactant; the dust fall agent in Comparative Example 4 replaces glycerol mono fatty acid ester as the non-ionic surfactant. Compared with Example 4, the dust fall agent in Comparative Example 5 replaces sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate with equimass lauryl ether phosphate; the dust fall agent in Comparative Example 6 replaces sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate with equimass octadecylamine hydrochloride. Compared with the corresponding samples, the adsorption rate data of the comparative examples in the experiment decreases and the settling time increases, which shows that the components of the dust fall agent and the settings of the process can promote the improvement of the dust fall ability.

[0089] It should be noted that the relational terms herein such as first and second and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0090] Finally, it should be noted that the above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will still be able to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent replacements to some technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a mining foam dust suppressant, characterized in that: It is produced by the following processes: Take sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate and place it in an indoor environment at 35-40℃ for 24-48 hours; Take purified water, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate, stir until completely dissolved; sterilize with ultraviolet light to obtain a dust suppressant; The dust-suppressing agent also includes nonionic surfactants; The nonionic surfactant is prepared by the following process: Mix fatty acids and diethylenetriamine, purge with nitrogen, heat to 70-75°C, and stir thoroughly; raise the temperature to 157-165°C and react at a rate of 5°C / min for 100-150 min; raise the temperature to 200-210°C and react for 3.5-4.5 h to obtain aminoimidazoline. Mix aminoimidazoline and methyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylacetate, add sodium hydroxide catalyst, purge with nitrogen gas, and heat to 135-145℃ for 4-5 hours to obtain fatty amide; Take fatty amide and potassium hydroxide catalyst, mix them in a stainless steel reactor, purge with nitrogen, heat to 90-95℃, and dehydrate under vacuum for 50-60 minutes; heat to 140-150℃, add ethylene oxide, and react until the system pressure changes to obtain a nonionic surfactant. The fatty acid is one of lauric acid and myristic acid.

2. The method for preparing a mining foam dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust suppressant comprises the following components by weight: 18-22 parts of sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, 1-2 parts of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 76-81 parts of purified water.

3. The method for preparing a mining foam dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dust suppressant also includes 4.5 to 5.5 parts of nonionic surfactant.

4. The method for preparing a mining foam dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molar ratio of the fatty acid to diethylenetriamine is 1:(1.1 to 1.2).

5. The method for preparing a mining foam dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molar ratio of aminoimidazoline to methyl 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylacetate is 1:(1.0-1.1).

6. The method for preparing a mining foam dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molar ratio of the fatty amide to ethylene oxide is 1:(8.5-9.5).

7. A mining foam dust suppressant prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-6.

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