Device and method for critical production sensitivity analysis of heterogeneous gas-cap and bottom-water reservoirs

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device and method for sensitivity analysis of the critical production of a heterogeneous gas-top bottom-water reservoir, and belongs to the field of oil and gas production technology. The device includes a displacement pump, a confining pressure pump, a back-pressure pump, a formation water intermediate container, a crude oil intermediate container, a dry gas intermediate container, a flat-plate model system, an acoustic and electrical detector, a temperature control system, and a computer. The flat-plate model contains a reservoir sand body and a simulated horizontal well. The upper part of the model is provided with an air inlet connected to the dry gas intermediate container to simulate the gas cap of the heterogeneous gas-top bottom-water reservoir. The lower part of the model is provided with a water inlet to simulate the bottom water of the heterogeneous gas-top bottom-water reservoir. The injection port on the side wall of the model is used to saturate the model with formation fluid, and the production port is connected to a back-pressure valve. The device is used to simulate the production process of a horizontal well in a gas-top bottom-water reservoir, monitor the dynamics of the gas-top bottom-water coning, record the critical production of the horizontal well when gas or water is seen, and perform sensitivity analysis. The test results of the present invention are more consistent with on-site working conditions and can guide the efficient production of heterogeneous gas-top bottom-water reservoirs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas production, and in particular relates to a device and method for critical production sensitivity analysis of heterogeneous gas-cap and bottom-water oil reservoirs. Background Art

[0002] Horizontal wells are an effective means of developing reservoirs with gas cap and bottom water. They not only increase the drainage area and reduce the production pressure differential, but also slow the rate of bottom water coning compared to vertical wells. However, they face the problem of gas cap and bottom water coning. When perforating the bottom water reservoir, a pressure drop funnel forms at the well bottom as the well produces at a certain rate. The oil-water and oil-gas interfaces, which were previously nearly horizontal before production, deform under the influence of the potential gradient, forming a cone shape at the well bottom. When production is stable at a certain rate, the resulting water and gas cones may stabilize at a certain height. With further development, the gas cap and bottom water gradually advance into the reservoir, causing gas cap and bottom water coning. This phenomenon leads to premature gas and water breakthrough, a sudden drop in oil production, and a rapid increase in water cut. This seriously impacts normal production, increases water treatment costs and development costs, and reduces the profitability of the reservoir. Bottom-water gas-cap coning has become an important factor affecting the development effect of gas-cap and bottom-water reservoirs. Therefore, it is particularly important to monitor the dynamics of gas-cap and bottom-water coning in oil wells and study the impact of gas-cap and bottom-water coning on critical production.

[0003] At present, gas cap and bottom water coning devices in oil and gas reservoirs have the following characteristics or shortcomings: First, most devices use conventional cores, which cannot meet the requirements of real reservoir simulation (Liu Huaxun, Gao Shusheng, et al. Physical simulation experimental system and method for water invasion in multi-well production in edge and bottom water gas reservoirs [P]. CN107905769A, 2018.04.13; Hu Yong, Li Xizhe, et al. Dynamic physical simulation experimental method and device for water invasion in fractured bottom water gas reservoirs [P]. CN102830214A, 2012.12.19). Second, conventional experimental physical models for reservoir development only use electrical parameters in the reservoir to measure changes in oil saturation. Under the influence of an external electric field, these models measure changes in dielectric conductivity and water saturation. However, they lack the capability to simultaneously measure acoustic and resistivity data. Consequently, they can only simulate reservoirs containing only marginal and bottom water, and cannot simulate the horizontal well development process in reservoirs containing gas caps (Yang Wenxin, Jin Zhang, et al. An experimental physical model for the development of low-permeability reservoirs with bottom water [P]. CN202363006U, August 1, 2012). Third, conventional simulation devices for the development of gas-cap and bottom-water reservoirs typically use measurements to study water cone height, which is cumbersome and subject to significant errors. This makes sensitivity analysis, particularly when studying critical production, impossible (Xu Chengbo, Pan Yi, et al. A three-dimensional simulation device and experimental method for the development of gas-cap and bottom-water reservoirs [P]. CN109869134A, June 11, 2019).

[0004] Therefore, developing a device and method for critical production sensitivity analysis of heterogeneous gas-cap bottom-water reservoirs is of great significance to improving the development efficiency of gas-cap bottom-water reservoirs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for critical production sensitivity analysis of heterogeneous gas cap and bottom water reservoirs. The device has a reliable principle and is simple to operate. It uses an acoustic and electrical detector to monitor the gas cap and bottom water coning dynamics, and can simulate the critical production under the conditions of heterogeneous gas cap and bottom water reservoirs at different water invasion positions, production allocation speeds and horizontal well opening degrees. The test process is controllable and the test results are more consistent with field conditions, thereby overcoming the defects and shortcomings of the existing technology.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for performing critical production sensitivity analysis of heterogeneous gas-top and bottom-water reservoirs using the above-mentioned device. By using this method, the influence of water invasion position and range, production allocation speed and horizontal well opening degree on the critical production of heterogeneous gas-top and bottom-water reservoirs is explored, and critical production sensitivity analysis is performed, thereby guiding the efficient exploitation of heterogeneous gas-top and bottom-water reservoirs, and having broad market application prospects.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0008] The device for critical production sensitivity analysis of heterogeneous gas-cap and bottom-water reservoirs mainly consists of a displacement pump, a confining pressure pump, a back-pressure pump, a formation water intermediate container, a crude oil intermediate container, a dry gas intermediate container, a flat plate model system, a back-pressure valve, an oil-gas separator, a pressure sensor, an acoustic-electric detector, a temperature control system and a computer.

[0009] The flat plate model system includes a flat plate model, a high-temperature and high-pressure kettle body and a kettle body bracket. The flat plate model is fixed in the high-temperature and high-pressure kettle body. The kettle body is cylindrical, the upper cover of the kettle body is provided with a wire guide, the side of the kettle body is provided with a fluid inlet and outlet and a confining pressure liquid injection port, and the kettle body is located on the kettle body bracket.

[0010] The flat plate model contains a filled reservoir sand body and a horizontally placed simulated horizontal well. The reservoir sand body contains hyperpermeability foam to simulate reservoir fractures. The simulated horizontal well is divided into several sections. The outlet pipeline of each section extends outside the flat plate model and is equipped with a valve. The opening degree of the simulated horizontal well is controlled by opening the valves of different sections, and the production speed is changed by controlling the valve flow.

[0011] An air inlet is provided on the upper part of the flat plate model, which is connected to a dry gas intermediate container and is used to simulate the gas cap of a heterogeneous gas cap and bottom water reservoir; a plurality of water inlets are provided on the lower part of the flat plate model, which are used to simulate the bottom water of a heterogeneous gas cap and bottom water reservoir; each water inlet is provided with a valve, and the position and range of water invasion are controlled by the valve, and the process and effect of using a plugging agent to change the position and range of water invasion during oil reservoir exploitation can also be simulated; an injection port and a production port are provided on the side wall of the flat plate model, and the injection port is used to saturate the model with formation fluid and restore the original formation conditions; the production port is connected to a back pressure valve, and the back pressure valve is respectively connected to a back pressure pump and an oil and gas separator.

[0012] Pressure sensors are respectively provided on the connecting pipelines of the injection port, the production port, the air inlet and the water inlet of the flat plate model.

[0013] The fluid inlet on the side of the kettle body is connected to the injection port of the flat plate model through a pipeline, and the fluid outlet on the side of the kettle body is connected to the production port of the flat plate model through a pipeline. The hydraulic oil enters the annular space between the kettle body and the flat plate model through the confining pressure liquid injection port. All wires and signal lines inside the kettle body are led out by a wire passer.

[0014] The flat plate model is connected to a temperature control system, which detects and controls the temperature to achieve oil bath heating inside the high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave. An acoustic and electrical detector is provided on the outer wall of the flat plate model to test the three-phase saturation of the fluid inside the flat plate model. The temperature control system and the acoustic and electrical detector are connected to a computer.

[0015] The acoustic-electric detector includes an acoustic-electric transmitting probe and an acoustic-electric receiving probe. The acoustic-electric transmitting probe houses an ultrasonic transmitting chip and an inductive transmitting coil, while the acoustic-electric receiving probe houses an ultrasonic receiving chip and an inductive receiving coil. Based on the principles of ultrasonic and induction logging, data processing yields the acoustic wave time difference and resistivity at the current location of the acoustic-electric detector. The acoustic wave signal lines and the resistivity signal lines are separated to prevent interference.

[0016] The high-temperature and high-pressure kettle body can realize 0-180 degree rotation, and the inclination angle of the formation can be simulated by adjusting the inclination angle of the kettle body.

[0017] The method for performing sensitivity analysis of critical production of heterogeneous gas-cap-bottom-water reservoirs using the above device comprises the following steps in sequence:

[0018] (1) Cement, quartz sand, and water are mixed in a certain proportion and stirred thoroughly to make the three evenly blended. After drying, a small plunger core is drilled to test the permeability and porosity. After the permeability and porosity are consistent with the actual formation conditions, a reservoir sand body is prepared according to the above formula, a flat plate model is filled, and a simulated horizontal well and hypertonic foam are placed in the flat plate model;

[0019] (2) The small plunger core of step (1) is subjected to a displacement experiment in a holder, and the relationship between water saturation Sw and core resistivity Rt, and the relationship between gas saturation Sg and acoustic wave time difference ΔT are calibrated respectively, and the oil saturation So = 1-Sw-Sg;

[0020] (3) Obtain separator gas samples and separator oil samples under on-site production conditions, prepare crude oil at formation temperature and formation pressure, and load it into a crude oil intermediate container; prepare formation water according to the on-site formation water analysis report, and load it into a formation water intermediate container; and load the separator gas sample into a dry gas intermediate container;

[0021] (4) Adjust the high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave to the required angle, increase the back pressure to the formation pressure, inject formation water into the reservoir sand body to fully saturate it, continue to pressurize the formation water to increase the pore pressure of the flat plate model to the formation pressure, and control the confining pressure by the confining pressure pump to always be 5 MPa higher than the pore pressure of the flat plate model; raise the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave to the formation temperature and keep it stable, inject crude oil into the flat plate model to replace the formation water, until the water volume in the oil and gas separator no longer increases, and close the injection port and production port of the flat plate model; increase the pressure of the formation water intermediate container to the formation pressure, open the water inlet, pressurize the dry gas in the dry gas intermediate container to the formation pressure, open the gas inlet, and restore the flat plate model to the original formation conditions;

[0022] (5) Reduce the pore pressure of the flat plate model by a back pressure pump, simulate the horizontal well production process of the gas cap bottom water reservoir, perform ultrasonic and resistivity linear scanning, obtain the fluid three-phase saturation distribution map, monitor the gas cap bottom water cone advance dynamics, determine the gas or water position of the horizontal well, collect the gas in the gas meter and the oil in the oil-gas separator at each pressure level during the depletion process, perform oil-gas chromatography analysis, determine the horizontal well to have gas when the production gas-oil ratio suddenly increases, determine the horizontal well to have water when there is water in the oil-gas separator, and record the critical production of the horizontal well when gas or water is seen;

[0023] (6) Set different production allocation speeds, horizontal well opening degrees, water invasion locations and ranges respectively, repeat step (5), and perform critical production sensitivity analysis on the recorded data to guide the actual production of the reservoir, increase the critical production of gas-cap and bottom-water reservoirs, and avoid premature gas and water in horizontal wells.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The present invention comprehensively considers the effects of production allocation speed, horizontal well opening degree, water invasion position and range on critical production during the production of horizontal wells in gas-cap and bottom-water reservoirs. Combined with acoustic and electrical detectors, the dynamics of gas-cap and bottom-water coning can be intuitively observed. By adjusting the production allocation speed, horizontal well opening degree, water invasion position and range, critical production can be maximized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for critical production sensitivity analysis of heterogeneous gas-cap and bottom-water reservoirs.

[0027] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the medium plate model.

[0028] In the figure: 1, 17—displacement pumps, 2—formation water intermediate container, 3—crude oil intermediate container, 4, 5, 9, 14—pressure sensors, 6—confining pressure pump, 7—computer, 8—line passer, 10—high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave, 11—reservoir sand body, 12—flat plate model, 13—simulated horizontal well, 15—vacuum pump, 16—dry gas intermediate container, 18—back pressure valve, 19—back pressure pump, 20—oil-gas separator, 21—gas meter, 22—oil-gas chromatograph, 23—autoclave support, 24—injection port, 25—production port, 26—hypertonic foam, 27—water inlet, 28—gas inlet, 29—export pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any variations within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and established by the appended claims are intended to be protected.

[0030] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 2 .

[0031] The device for critical production sensitivity analysis of heterogeneous gas-cap and bottom-water reservoirs comprises a displacement pump, a confining pressure pump, a back-pressure pump, a formation water intermediate container, a crude oil intermediate container, a dry gas intermediate container, a back-pressure valve, an oil-gas separator, a flat plate model system, a pressure sensor, a temperature control system, an acoustic-electric detector, and a computer.

[0032] The flat plate model system includes a flat plate model 12, a high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave body 10 and an autoclave body bracket 23. The flat plate model is fixed in the high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave body. The autoclave body is cylindrical and is located on the autoclave body bracket. The side of the autoclave body is provided with a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet and a confining pressure liquid injection port. The upper cover of the autoclave body is provided with a wire guide 8.

[0033] The flat plate model 12 contains a filled reservoir sand body 11 and a horizontally placed simulated horizontal well 13; an air inlet 28 is provided at the top of the flat plate model, which is connected to the dry gas intermediate container 16 and the displacement pump 17 through a pressure sensor 9 to simulate the gas cap of the heterogeneous gas cap and bottom water reservoir; a water inlet 27 is provided at the bottom of the flat plate model, which is connected to the formation water intermediate container 2 and the displacement pump 1 through a pressure sensor 4 to simulate the bottom water of the heterogeneous gas cap and bottom water reservoir; the injection port 24 on the side wall of the flat plate model is connected to the crude oil intermediate container 3 and the formation water intermediate container 2 and the displacement pump 1 through a pressure sensor 5 respectively. The intermediate layer water container 2 is used to saturate the model with formation fluid and restore the original formation conditions; the production outlet 25 on the side wall of the flat plate model is connected to the back pressure valve 18 through the pressure sensor 14, and the back pressure valve is respectively connected to the back pressure pump 19 and the oil-gas separator 20, and the oil-gas separator is connected to the gas meter 21 and the oil-gas chromatograph 22 in sequence; the flat plate model is connected to the temperature control system, and the temperature is detected and controlled by the temperature control system; an acoustic and electrical detector is set on the outer wall of the flat plate model, and the three-phase saturation of the fluid in the flat plate model is tested by the acoustic and electrical detector; the temperature control system and the acoustic and electrical detector are connected to the computer 7.

[0034] The fluid inlet on the side of the high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave is connected to the injection port of the flat plate model through a pipeline, the fluid outlet is connected to the production port of the flat plate model through a pipeline, the confining pressure liquid injection port is connected to the confining pressure pump 6 through a pipeline, and the signal line in the autoclave is led out by the wire passer 8.

[0035] The reservoir sand body 11 contains hypertonic foam 26 for simulating reservoir fractures.

[0036] The simulated horizontal well 13 is divided into several sections (5-7 sections), and the outlet pipeline 29 of each section extends outside the flat plate model and is provided with a valve. By opening the valves of different sections, the opening degree of the simulated horizontal well is controlled, and the production speed is changed by controlling the valve flow.

[0037] The flat plate model has several (4-6) water inlets 27, each of which is provided with a valve to control the position and range of water intrusion.

[0038] The high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave body simulates the formation inclination by rotating 0 to 180 degrees.

[0039] The acoustic and electrical detector includes an acoustic and electrical transmitting probe and an acoustic and electrical receiving probe. After collecting and processing data through a computer, the acoustic wave time difference and resistivity at the current position are obtained.

[0040] The flat plate model is connected to a vacuum pump 15 for evacuating the entire system before the experiment begins.

[0041] The method for performing sensitivity analysis of critical production of heterogeneous gas-cap and bottom-water reservoirs using the above-mentioned device is as follows:

[0042] (1) Make a flat plate model

[0043] Based on the core data provided by the oil field site, cement, quartz sand, and water are mixed in a certain proportion and stirred thoroughly to achieve uniform fusion. After the sample is dried, a small plunger core is drilled to test its physical properties such as permeability and porosity. If it meets the experimental requirements, the above formula is selected to prepare a reservoir sand body filling flat plate model, and the simulated horizontal well 13 and hypertonic foam 26 are buried in the flat plate model.

[0044] (2) Place the small plunger core in step (1) in the holder and perform calibration of the oil, gas and water three-phase saturation.

[0045] Calibration of the relationship between water saturation Sw and core resistivity Rt: The core is completely saturated with formation water, at which point the core resistivity Ro is obtained. Then, the separator oil sample is injected into the core at a gradient of 0.1PV, and the core resistivity Rt at different water saturations Sw is measured. According to Archie's formula In the double logarithmic coordinate system, Sw and the corresponding The experimental data are regressed and fitted to obtain the parameters b and n, or the parameters b and n are obtained through empirical coefficients (e.g., for sandstone, b = 1, n = 2).

[0046] Calibration of the relationship between gas saturation Sg and acoustic transit time ΔT: The core was completely saturated with formation water, displaced with dry gas to the irreducible water state, and then pressurized with dry gas to the original formation pressure P. Separator oil sample was injected into the core at a gradient of 0.1 PV. The acoustic transit time ΔT of the core at different gas saturations Sg was measured. The experimental data of Sg and acoustic transit time ΔT were regressed and fitted in a rectangular coordinate system to obtain the relationship between gas saturation Sg and core acoustic transit time: Sg = a·ΔT + b.

[0047] The oil saturation is calculated from this: So = 1-Sw-Sg.

[0048] (3) Preparation of formation fluid samples

[0049] Obtain separator gas and oil samples under on-site production conditions. Prepare a crude oil sample according to GB / T 26981-2011 at the original formation temperature (T) and pressure (P), ensuring that the gas-oil ratio and bubble point pressure are close to those in the PVT report for the formation crude oil. Prepare a formation water sample based on the formation water analysis report provided by the oilfield. Load the prepared crude oil into intermediate crude oil container 3, the formation water into intermediate formation water container 2, and the separator gas sample into intermediate dry gas container 16.

[0050] (4) Saturate the model with formation fluid and restore the original formation conditions

[0051] Hydraulic oil is injected into the kettle 10. When hydraulic oil overflows from the kettle drain valve, injection is stopped and the drain valve is closed. The kettle is adjusted to the desired experimental angle using the kettle support 23. The back pressure of the back pressure valve 18 is raised to the original formation pressure P using the back pressure pump 19 in constant pressure mode. Formation water is injected into the sand body 11 using the displacement pump 1 in constant rate mode to fully saturate it. After completion, the displacement pump 1 continues to pressurize the model with formation water in constant pressure mode to increase the pore pressure of the model to the original formation pressure P. During the pressure buildup process, the confining pressure pump 6 is used to maintain the confining pressure within the kettle at 5 MPa above the pore pressure of the flat plate model. The temperature control device is used to raise the internal temperature of the kettle to the original formation temperature T and maintain it stable. Crude oil is injected into the model using the displacement pump 1 in constant rate mode to displace the formation water until the formation water content in the oil-gas separator 20 no longer increases. The injection port 24 and the production port 25 are then closed. The pressure of the formation water sample intermediate container 2 is increased to the formation pressure P by the displacement pump 1 in a constant speed mode, the water inlet 27 is opened, the dry gas in the dry gas intermediate container 16 is pressurized to the formation pressure P by the displacement pump 17, and the gas inlet 28 is opened.

[0052] (5) Simulate the horizontal well development process of gas-cap and bottom-water reservoirs and conduct critical production sensitivity analysis

[0053] The reservoir recovery process was simulated using the control variable method: 1) the production rate and horizontal well opening were fixed, and the location and extent of water intrusion were varied by adjusting the water inlet 27; 2) the location and extent of water intrusion and the horizontal well opening were fixed, and the production rate was varied by adjusting the valve flow rate; 3) the location and extent of water intrusion and the production rate were fixed, and the horizontal well opening was varied via the horizontal well outlet pipeline 29. A backpressure pump 19 operated in constant pressure mode to reduce the model pore pressure. Ultrasonic and resistivity linear sweep experiments were conducted to determine the saturation distribution map and monitor the dynamics of gas cap and bottom water coning. Simultaneously, gas from the gas meter 21 and oil from the gas-oil separator 20 were collected at various pressure levels during the depletion process, and oil-gas chromatography was performed on an oil-gas chromatograph 22. Gas was identified as occurring in the horizontal well when the gas-oil ratio increased suddenly, and water was identified as occurring when water was present in the gas-oil separator 20. The critical production rate of the horizontal well at the time of gas or water intrusion was recorded, and the effects of the production rate, horizontal well opening, and location and extent of water intrusion on the critical production rate were analyzed.

Claims

1. A method for performing a critical production sensitivity analysis of a heterogeneous gas-top and bottom-water reservoir using a device, the device comprising a displacement pump, a confining pressure pump, a back-pressure pump, a formation water intermediate container, a crude oil intermediate container, a dry gas intermediate container, a back-pressure valve, an oil-gas separator, a flat plate model system, a pressure sensor, a temperature control system, an acoustic detector, and a computer, wherein the flat plate model system comprises a flat plate model (12), a high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave (10), and an autoclave support (23), wherein the flat plate model is fixed in the high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave, the autoclave is cylindrical and is located on the autoclave support, and a fluid inlet is provided on the side of the autoclave , fluid outlet and confining pressure liquid injection port, the upper cover of the kettle body is provided with a wire passer (8); the flat plate model (12) contains a filled reservoir sand body (11) and a horizontally placed simulated horizontal well (13); the upper part of the flat plate model is provided with an air inlet (28), which is connected to the dry gas intermediate container (16) and the displacement pump (17) through a pressure sensor; the lower part of the flat plate model is provided with a water inlet (27), which is connected to the formation water intermediate container (2) and the displacement pump (1) through a pressure sensor; the injection port (24) on the side wall of the flat plate model is connected to the original The oil intermediate container (3), the formation water intermediate container (2), and the production outlet (25) are connected to the back pressure valve (18) through a pressure sensor, the back pressure valve is respectively connected to the back pressure pump (19) and the oil and gas separator (20), and the oil and gas separator is sequentially connected to the gas meter (21) and the oil and gas chromatograph (22); the flat plate model is connected to the temperature control system, and an acoustic and electric detector is set on the outer wall of the flat plate model. The temperature control system and the acoustic and electric detector are connected to the computer (7); the fluid inlet on the side of the high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave body is connected to the flat plate model injection port through a pipeline, and the fluid outlet is connected to the flat plate model production outlet through a pipeline. The confining pressure liquid injection port is connected to the confining pressure pump (6) through a pipeline, and the signal line in the kettle body is led out by the line passer (8); there is hypertonic foam in the reservoir sand body to simulate the reservoir fracture; the simulated horizontal well is divided into 5-7 sections, and the outlet pipeline of each section extends outside the flat plate model and is provided with a valve. By opening the valves of different sections, the opening degree of the simulated horizontal well is controlled, and the production speed is changed by controlling the valve flow rate; the flat plate model has 4-6 water inlets, each of which is provided with a valve, and the water intrusion position and range are controlled by the valve; the method comprises the following steps in sequence: (1) Cement, quartz sand, and water are mixed in a certain proportion. After drying, a small plunger core is drilled to test the permeability and porosity. After the permeability and porosity are consistent with the actual formation conditions, a reservoir sand body filling flat plate model is made according to the above formula, and a simulated horizontal well and hypertonic foam are placed in the flat plate model; (2) The small plunger core prepared in step (1) is subjected to a displacement experiment in a holder, and the relationship between water saturation Sw and core resistivity Rt, and the relationship between gas saturation Sg and acoustic time difference ΔT are calibrated respectively. The oil saturation So = 1-Sw-Sg; (3) Obtain separator gas samples and separator oil samples under on-site production conditions, prepare crude oil at formation temperature and pressure, and load it into the crude oil intermediate container; prepare formation water according to the on-site formation water analysis report, and load it into the formation water intermediate container; load the separator gas sample into the dry gas intermediate container; (4) Raise the back pressure to the formation pressure, inject formation water into the reservoir sand body to fully saturate it, continue to pressurize the formation water to increase the pore pressure of the flat plate model to the formation pressure, and control the confining pressure to always be 5 MPa higher than the pore pressure of the flat plate model; raise the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave to the formation temperature, inject crude oil into the flat plate model to replace the formation water, until the water volume in the oil-gas separator no longer increases, and close the injection port and production port of the flat plate model; raise the pressure of the formation water intermediate container to the formation pressure, open the water inlet, pressurize the dry gas in the dry gas intermediate container to the formation pressure, and open the gas inlet; (5) Reduce the pore pressure of the flat plate model by using a back pressure pump to simulate the horizontal well production process of the gas cap and bottom water reservoir, perform ultrasonic and resistivity linear scanning, obtain the fluid three-phase saturation distribution map, monitor the gas cap and bottom water cone dynamics, determine the gas or water position of the horizontal well, collect the gas in the gas meter and the oil in the oil-gas separator at each pressure level during the depletion process, perform oil-gas chromatography analysis, determine the horizontal well to have gas when the production gas-oil ratio suddenly increases, determine the horizontal well to have water when there is water in the oil-gas separator, and record the critical production of the horizontal well when gas or water is seen; (6) Set different production allocation speeds, horizontal well opening degrees, water invasion locations and ranges respectively, repeat step (5), and perform critical production sensitivity analysis on the recorded data to guide the actual production of the reservoir.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein The high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave body simulates the formation inclination by rotating 0 to 180 degrees.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein The acoustic and electrical detector includes an acoustic and electrical transmitting probe and an acoustic and electrical receiving probe. After collecting and processing data through a computer, the acoustic wave time difference and resistivity at the current position are obtained.

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