Method and device for long-range transmission and collection of trace amounts of water

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of micro water long-range transmission-collection method and device;To solve the problem that the existing water transmission collection method is easily attached or adsorbed on the surface of pipeline, resulting in low transmission efficiency of micro water, serious loss, specifically including building micro water long-range transmission-collection device;Block the communication of long-range pipeline and micro water container, the water in long-range pipeline and water collection unit is fully desorbed and then reduced to room temperature;Connect long-range pipeline and micro water container, open the vacuum pump to start vacuumizing, the micro water in micro water container is transmitted to water collection unit, and the micro water is absorbed by water collection unit, when the air pressure in water collection unit is less than the preset pressure, close the vacuum pump, water collection unit continues to absorb micro water, so that the air pressure in water collection unit is continuously less than the air pressure in micro water container, the remaining micro water continues to be transmitted to water collection unit under the action of air pressure and is absorbed by water collection unit, until the long-range transmission and collection of micro water are completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a water transmission and collection device, in particular to a method and device for long-distance transmission and collection of trace water. Background Art

[0002] Water is ubiquitous in the natural environment. In fields such as geology, the environment, and archaeology, water is also a crucial sample, allowing its isotope ratios to be analyzed for relevant scientific research. In some special cases, it is necessary to transport and collect trace amounts of water (from a few tenths to tens of grams) over long distances, even in inaccessible areas.

[0003] At present, in areas accessible to personnel, trace amounts of water can be transferred using pipettes, injection needles, etc. However, when personnel are far away from the container (such as tens of meters), in order to continue using this method to transfer or transmit trace amounts of water, the length of the needle (gun tip) must be extended, or a thin tube must be used for connection. However, due to the small amount of water, the water will adhere to the inner surface of the needle or thin tube, making it difficult to obtain water samples, or the water samples obtained are very small. At the same time, this method is inconvenient to use, and the water is also easily contaminated during the transfer process, affecting the isotope ratio test results. In addition, mechanical transportation can also be used to transfer trace amounts of water in the container, but it needs to be transported together with the container. However, in many cases, the container is inconvenient to move, so this method cannot be used.

[0004] The patent "Water Transmission Method Based on Water Vapor as a Carrier", publication number CN102235019A, discloses a water transmission method based on water vapor as a carrier. Specifically, liquid water is converted into water vapor and pressurized at the initial water station, and then the water vapor is transmitted to the destination water station over a long distance through a gas pipeline containing a heating device and a thermal insulation layer. At the destination water station, the water is converted from gas to liquid and stored or distributed to users. The transmission distance is on the order of kilometers within the same city, or between cities, provinces, or internationally, or the water is transmitted longitudinally for more than 20 meters. This method is used for the transmission of large amounts of water on the order of kilometers, so the effect of adsorbed water inside the pipeline on the isotope ratio of the transmitted water is not considered, nor is the water loss caused by pipeline adsorption. When the water is trace, the water loss caused by pipeline adsorption cannot be ignored. At the same time, the effect of water loss or contamination of trace water samples by adsorbed water inside the pipeline on the isotope ratio of the water sample cannot be ignored. Therefore, this method is not suitable for long-distance transmission and collection of trace water. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for long-distance transmission and collection of trace water, so as to solve the technical problems that the existing water transmission and collection methods easily cause water to adhere to or adsorb on the surface of the pipeline, resulting in low trace water transmission efficiency and serious loss, and thus it is difficult to obtain water samples or the water samples obtained are very small, and the adsorbed water inside the pipeline easily contaminates the trace water samples.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the application provides a method for long-distance transmission and collection of trace water, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: connecting one end of a long-distance pipeline with a trace water container and the other end with a water collection unit, and connecting the water collection unit with a vacuum pump; the trace water container is filled with 0.1-90 grams of water; the water collection unit is used for collecting trace water;

[0008] Step 2: blocking the connection between the long-distance pipeline and the trace water container, fully desorbing the water in the long-distance pipeline and the water collection unit, and then keeping them at room temperature;

[0009] Step 3: connecting the long-distance pipeline with the trace water container, starting to pump vacuum by opening the vacuum pump, transmitting the trace water in the trace water container to the water collection unit, absorbing the trace water by the water collection unit, closing the vacuum pump when the air pressure in the water collection unit is less than a preset pressure, continuously absorbing the trace water by the water collection unit so that the air pressure in the water collection unit is continuously less than that in the trace water container, continuously transmitting the remaining trace water to the water collection unit under the action of the air pressure and absorbing the remaining trace water by the water collection unit, and finally completing the long-distance transmission and collection of the trace water.

[0010] Further, in step 1, the water collection unit comprises a water collection column and a desiccant in the water collection column; the desiccant is used for absorbing trace water; the water collection column is connected with the vacuum pump;

[0011] Then, step 2 is specifically blocking the connection between the long-distance pipeline and the trace water container, fully desorbing the water in the long-distance pipeline, the water collection column and the desiccant, and then keeping them at room temperature;

[0012] Then, step 3 is specifically connecting the long-distance pipeline with the trace water container, starting to pump vacuum by opening the vacuum pump, transmitting the trace water in the trace water container to the water collection column, absorbing the trace water by the desiccant, closing the vacuum pump when the air pressure in the water collection column is less than a preset pressure, continuously absorbing the trace water by the desiccant so that the air pressure in the water collection column is continuously less than that in the trace water container, continuously transmitting the remaining trace water to the water collection column under the action of the air pressure and absorbing the remaining trace water by the desiccant, and finally completing the long-distance transmission and collection of the trace water.

[0013] Further, in step 1, the desiccant is one or a mixture of several of silica gel, molecular sieve, activated alumina, activated carbon, anhydrous calcium chloride, anhydrous calcium sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate and anhydrous copper sulfate.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 1, the water collecting unit includes a cold trap and a water collecting container disposed in the cold trap; the water collecting container is connected to a long-distance pipeline and a vacuum pump, respectively; the cold trap cools the water collecting container to -50°C to -200°C by electric refrigeration, semiconductor refrigeration, liquid nitrogen refrigeration, liquid helium refrigeration, and / or dry ice refrigeration, thereby achieving frozen collection of trace water in the water collecting container;

[0015] Step 2 specifically includes: blocking the connection between the long-distance pipeline and the trace water container, fully desorbing the water in the long-distance pipeline and the water collection container, and bringing the water to room temperature after desorption; then cooling the water collection container through a cold trap to make the temperature inside the water collection container reach a preset temperature;

[0016] Step 3 specifically includes connecting the long-distance pipeline with the trace water container, turning on the vacuum pump to start vacuuming, and the trace water in the trace water container is transferred to the water collecting container and frozen in the water collecting container. When the air pressure in the water collecting container is lower than the preset pressure, the vacuum pump is turned off, and the trace water continues to freeze in the water collecting container, so that the air pressure in the water collecting container is continuously lower than the air pressure in the trace water container. The remaining trace water continues to be transferred to the water collecting container under the action of the air pressure and is frozen until the long-distance transmission and collection of the trace water are completed.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 1, a first valve is provided on one end of the long-distance pipeline close to the trace water container, and a second valve is provided on the pipeline between the water collecting unit and the vacuum pump; the first valve is connected to a remote controller;

[0018] Step 2 specifically includes closing the first valve through the remote controller to block the connection between the long-distance pipeline and the trace water container, fully desorbing the water in the long-distance pipeline and the water collecting unit, and bringing the water to a room temperature state after the desorption is completed;

[0019] Then step 3 specifically includes opening the first valve through the remote controller to connect the long-distance pipeline and the trace water container, opening the second valve, and turning on the vacuum pump to start vacuuming. The trace water in the trace water container is transmitted to the water collecting unit, and the water collecting unit absorbs the trace water. When the air pressure in the water collecting unit is lower than the preset pressure, the second valve is closed, and the water collecting unit continues to absorb trace water, so that the air pressure in the water collecting unit continues to be lower than the air pressure in the trace water container. The remaining trace water continues to be transmitted to the water collecting unit under the action of air pressure and is absorbed by the water collecting unit until the long-distance transmission and collection of the trace water are completed.

[0020] Furthermore, step 1 further includes providing a humidity sensor on the long-distance pipeline; the humidity sensor is provided close to the water receiving unit;

[0021] Step 2 specifically includes closing the first valve through the remote controller to block the connection between the long-distance pipeline and the trace water container, desorbing the moisture in the long-distance pipeline and the water receiving unit. When the humidity sensor detects that the moisture is dry, the long-distance pipeline and the water receiving unit have been fully desorbed. After the desorption is completed, the long-distance pipeline and the water receiving unit are brought to a normal temperature state.

[0022] Then step 3 specifically includes opening the first valve through the remote controller to connect the long-distance pipeline and the trace water container, opening the second valve, and turning on the vacuum pump to start vacuuming. The trace water in the trace water container is transmitted to the water collecting unit, and the water collecting unit absorbs the trace water. When the air pressure in the water collecting unit is lower than the preset pressure, the second valve is closed through the remote controller, and the water collecting unit continues to absorb trace water, so that the air pressure in the water collecting unit is continuously lower than the air pressure in the trace water container. The remaining trace water continues to be transmitted to the water collecting unit under the action of air pressure and is absorbed by the water collecting unit. When the detection result of the humidity sensor is dry, the long-distance transmission and collection of trace water are completed.

[0023] Furthermore, in step 2, the specific desorption methods used include heating method, gas blowing method and vacuum method.

[0024] Furthermore, step 1 further includes providing a pressure sensor on the pipeline between the water collecting unit and the vacuum pump;

[0025] The pressure sensor is arranged close to the water collecting unit and is used to detect the gas pressure in the water collecting unit.

[0026] Furthermore, in step 1, the pressure sensor is a mechanical pressure gauge, an electronic pressure gauge or a vacuum gauge.

[0027] Furthermore, in step 3, the preset pressure is 100Pa.

[0028] The present invention also provides a device for long-distance transmission and collection of trace water, which is used to implement the above-mentioned method for long-distance transmission and collection of trace water. The device is special in that it includes a trace water container, a long-distance pipeline, a water collection unit and a vacuum pump;

[0029] The trace water container is a sealed container; the trace water container contains 0.1 to 90 grams of water;

[0030] One end of the long-distance pipeline is connected to the trace water container, and the other end is connected to the water collecting unit;

[0031] The vacuum pump is connected to the water collecting unit and is used for vacuuming.

[0032] Furthermore, the water collecting unit includes a water collecting column and a desiccant;

[0033] The water collecting column is respectively connected to the long-distance pipeline and the vacuum pump;

[0034] The desiccant is located in the water collection column for absorbing trace water.

[0035] Further, the desiccant is one or a mixture of several of silica gel, molecular sieve, activated alumina, activated carbon, anhydrous calcium chloride, anhydrous calcium sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and anhydrous copper sulfate.

[0036] Further, the water collection unit comprises a cold trap and a water collection container arranged in the cold trap.

[0037] The water collection container is in communication with the long-range pipeline and the vacuum pump, respectively.

[0038] The cold trap is used to cool the water collection container to -50℃ to -200℃ by electric refrigeration, semiconductor refrigeration, liquid nitrogen refrigeration, liquid helium refrigeration, and / or dry ice refrigeration, so as to realize the frozen collection of trace water in the water collection container.

[0039] Further, a first valve is arranged on one end of the long-range pipeline close to the trace water container, and a second valve is arranged on the pipeline between the water collection unit and the vacuum pump; the first valve is connected with a remote controller.

[0040] Further, a humidity sensor is further included.

[0041] The humidity sensor is arranged on the long-range pipeline and close to the water collection unit, and is used to detect the humidity in the long-range pipeline.

[0042] Further, a pressure sensor is further included.

[0043] The pressure sensor is arranged on the pipeline between the water collection unit and the vacuum pump and close to the water collection unit, and is used to detect the gas pressure in the water collection unit.

[0044] Further, the pressure sensor is a mechanical pressure gauge, an electronic pressure gauge, or a vacuum gauge.

[0045] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0046] 1. The method for long-range transmission and collection of trace water proposed in the present application fully desorbs the long-range pipeline and the water collection unit before the transmission of trace water, so as to avoid the interference of the adsorbed water in the long-range pipeline and the water collection unit on the trace water.

[0047] 2. The present application uses the desiccant to reduce the water vapor pressure in the water collection column, or uses the low-temperature cold trap to reduce the water vapor pressure in the water collection container, so as to fully desorb the water adsorbed on the inner surface of the trace water container and the long-range pipeline and collect the water in the water collection column or the water collection container, thereby reducing the water loss caused by the inner surface adsorption of the trace water container and the long-range pipeline and improving the water transmission and collection efficiency.

[0048] 3、The vacuum pump is communicated with the water collecting column, and the vacuum pump is closed when the air pressure in the water collecting column reaches the preset pressure, so that the water can be prevented from being sucked away by the vacuum pump, the water loss is reduced, and the transmission-collection efficiency is improved.

[0049] 4、The vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the gas in the device, the resistance of water transmission is reduced, the trace water transmission speed is fast, and time is saved.

[0050] 5、The length of the long-range pipeline, the volume of the water collecting column, the type of the drying agent and the volume of the water collecting container can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and the application range is wide.

[0051] 6、The trace water container can be of any shape, and the application range is wide.

[0052] 7、The vacuum pump is arranged at the output end of the water collecting column, the vacuum pump is closed when the air pressure in the water collecting column or the water collecting container reaches the preset pressure, the long-range transmission of trace water is realized by using the difference between the water vapor pressures in the water collecting column or the water collecting container and the trace water container, no external power is needed, energy consumption and cost are saved, and the application is more green and environmental protection.

[0053] 8、The trace water container and the long-range pipeline do not need to be heated, and the water collecting process does not need to be refrigerated when the water is absorbed, so that energy consumption and cost are further saved, and the application is more green and environmental protection.

[0054] 9、The water collected by the water collecting column can be directly used for testing after desorption according to needs, or the water collected as liquid water is used for testing, and the flexibility is high.

[0055] 10、The application does not need complex mechanical transmission devices and heating devices, and does not need a heat insulation layer, so that the structure is simple, the cost is low, there is no easy-to-damage device, equipment maintenance is convenient, the reliability is high, operation is easy, and storage, transportation and use are convenient.

[0056] 11、The method provided by the application solves the technical problem that long-range transmission and collection of trace water cannot be realized by the prior art.

[0057] 12、The refrigeration mode of the cold trap in the application is not limited, and the usability is good. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] Figure 1 is a device structure schematic diagram of long-range transmission-collection of trace water in the first embodiment of the application;

[0059] Figure 2 is a device structure schematic diagram of long-range transmission-collection of trace water in the third embodiment of the application.

[0060] Reference signs:

[0061] 1-long-distance pipeline, 2-trace water container, 3-water collecting unit, 4-vacuum pump, 5-first valve, 6-second valve, 7-humidity sensor, 8-pressure sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] Example 1:

[0064] A device for long-distance transmission and collection of trace amounts of water, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a trace water container 2, a long-distance pipeline 1, a water collection unit 3, a vacuum pump 4, a first valve 5, a second valve 6, a humidity sensor 7, and a pressure sensor 8. The water collection unit 3 includes a water collection column and a desiccant located within the column. The desiccant is selected from one or a mixture of silica gel, molecular sieves, activated alumina, activated carbon, anhydrous calcium chloride, anhydrous calcium sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and anhydrous copper sulfate. The first valve 5 is connected to a remote controller.

[0065] The trace water container 2 is a sealed container containing 0.1 to 90 grams of trace water, which can be in one or more of liquid, gaseous, and solid states. A long-distance pipeline 1 is connected to the trace water container 2 at one end and to the input end of a water receiving column at the other end. The long-distance pipeline 1 can be between a few meters and several hundred meters long and lacks a heating device or insulation layer. The volume of the water receiving column ranges from tens to several hundred milliliters. A vacuum pump 4 is connected to the output end of the water receiving column. A first valve 5 is located at the end of the long-distance pipeline 1 near the trace water container 2. A second valve 6 is located in the pipeline between the water receiving column and the vacuum pump 4. A humidity sensor 7 is installed in the long-distance pipeline 1 near the water receiving column. This humidity sensor 7 can be a hygrometer or a dew point meter. A pressure sensor 8 is installed in the pipeline between the water receiving column and the vacuum pump 4 near the water receiving column to detect the gas pressure within the water receiving column. The pressure sensor 8 can be a mechanical pressure gauge, an electronic pressure gauge, or a vacuum gauge. The trace water container 2, the long-distance pipeline 1 and the water collecting column all have good sealing properties. The trace water container 2 can be double-mouthed or multi-mouthed, and its shape can be any shape, and no heating device is required.

[0066] Example 2:

[0067] First, a device for long-range transmission and collection of trace water as in Example 1 is built. Wherein, the long-range pipeline 1 adopts a 1 / 4 inch stainless steel pipe with a length of 100 meters, a humidity sensor 7 dew point meter, and a pressure sensor 8 adopts a pressure transmitter (range 200kPa) to detect leaks in the entire device to ensure the sealing of the entire device. Afterwards, the water adsorbed on the inner surface of the long-range pipeline 1 and the water-receiving column is fully desorbed, and the three are cooled to room temperature. A 200mL stainless steel column is used as the water-receiving column, 47.28g of anhydrous calcium chloride is filled inside, and the anhydrous calcium chloride in the water-receiving column is fully desorbed. After cooling to room temperature, an electronic scale (range 520g, calibration scale value 1mg) is used to weigh and record. A stainless steel double-necked bottle with a volume of about 100mL is used as a trace water container 2 to conduct an experiment. After the trace water container 2 is fully dehydrated at 110°C and cooled to room temperature, it is weighed and recorded. About 1mL of water is added to the trace water container 2, weighed and recorded. Install the trace water container 2 at one end of the long-distance pipeline 1, open the vacuum pump 4, the second valve 6, and the first valve 5 in sequence, and start vacuuming. After the pressure drops below 100 Pa, close the second valve 6 and the vacuum pump 4 in sequence. Because the desiccant in the water collecting column has a strong adsorption effect on water vapor, the water vapor partial pressure in the drying column is very low. There is a difference in vapor pressure between the water collecting column and the water inside the trace water container 2 containing trace water, and the trace water is transferred from the trace water container 2 to the water collecting column. Stop the experiment after the water vapor pressure drops below 20 Pa. Then remove the trace water container 2 and the water collecting column, and fully desorb the water adsorbed on the outer surfaces of the trace water container 2 and the water collecting column at 110°C. After cooling to room temperature, weigh and record the amount. The transfer time is approximately 8.6 hours.

[0068] The mass of trace water container 2 before adding water was 270.5132g, and the mass after adding water was 271.4367g, indicating that the mass of water added to trace water container 2 was 0.9235g. After the long-distance vacuum transfer, the mass of trace water container 2 was 270.5116g, indicating that the amount of water transferred over the long-distance vacuum transfer was 0.9251g. Since dry gas was not used to purge the trace water container 2 during dehydration, the internal water removal was not complete, resulting in a slightly greater amount of water transferred than was added.

[0069] The mass of the water collecting column before transfer was 432.1428 g, and the mass after transfer was 133.0320 g. Therefore, the amount of water collected after vacuum transfer was 0.8892 g. Based on this, the vacuum long-range transfer-adsorption collection efficiency was calculated to be 96.1%.

[0070] Example 3:

[0071] A device for long-distance transmission and collection of trace amounts of water, such as Figure 2As shown, the device includes a trace water container, a long-distance pipeline 1, a water collection unit 3, a vacuum pump 4, a first valve 5, a second valve 6, a humidity sensor 7, and a pressure sensor 8. The water collection unit 3 includes a cold trap and a water collection container disposed within the cold trap. The cold trap is used to cool the water collection container to a temperature between -30°C and -273°C using electric refrigeration, semiconductor refrigeration, liquid nitrogen refrigeration, liquid helium refrigeration, and / or dry ice refrigeration, thereby freezing and collecting trace water within the water collection container. The preferred operating temperature of the cold trap is between -50°C and -200°C. The first valve 5 is connected to a remote controller.

[0072] The trace water container 2 is a sealed container containing 0.1 to 90 grams of trace water, which can be in one or more of the following states: liquid, gaseous, or solid. A long-distance pipeline 1 is connected to the trace water container 2 at one end and to the input of a water collection container at the other end. The long-distance pipeline 1 can be between a few meters and several hundred meters long and lacks heating or insulation. The volume of the water collection container ranges from tens to several hundred milliliters. A vacuum pump 4 is connected to the output of the water collection container. A first valve 5 is located at the end of the long-distance pipeline 1 near the trace water container 2. A second valve 6 is located in the pipeline between the water collection container and the vacuum pump 4. A humidity sensor 7 is installed on the long-distance pipeline 1 near the water collection container. This humidity sensor 7 can be a hygrometer or a dew point meter. A pressure sensor 8 is installed in the pipeline between the water collection container and the vacuum pump 4 near the water collection container to monitor the gas pressure within the water collection container. The pressure sensor 8 can be a mechanical pressure gauge, an electronic pressure gauge, or a vacuum gauge. Among them, the trace water container 2, the long-distance pipeline 1 and the water collection container all have good sealing properties. The trace water container 2 can be double-mouthed or multi-mouthed, and its shape can be any shape, and no heating device is required.

[0073] Example 4:

[0074] First, the device for long-range transport and collection of trace water was built as in Example 3. In the device, the long-range pipeline 1 was a 1 / 4 inch stainless steel pipe with a length of 100 meters, the humidity sensor 7 was a dew point meter, and the pressure sensor 8 was a pressure transmitter (range 200 kPa). The entire device was leak tested to ensure its closed nature. Then, the water adsorbed on the inner surface of the entire device (including the long-range pipeline) was fully desorbed, and the device was cooled to room temperature. Two stainless steel double-port bottles with a volume of about 100 mL were used as the trace water container 2 and the water collection container, respectively. After the trace water container 2 and the water collection container were fully dehydrated at 110°C and cooled to room temperature, the trace water container 2 and the water collection container were weighed using an electronic scale (range 520 g, verification interval 1 mg) and the weights were recorded. About 1 mL of water was added to the trace water container 2, which was weighed and recorded. The trace water container 2 and the water collection container were installed at the two ends of the long-range pipeline 1, respectively, and then liquid nitrogen was added to the cold trap. After stabilization, the vacuum pump 4, the second valve 6, and the first valve 5 were opened in sequence to start the vacuum pumping. When the pressure was lower than 100 Pa, the second valve 6 and the vacuum pump 4 were closed in sequence. Due to the difference in water vapor pressure between the trace water container 2 and the water collection container, trace water was transported from the trace water container 2 to the water collection container. When the water vapor pressure was lower than 10 Pa, the experiment was stopped. Then, the trace water container 2 and the water collection container were removed, and the water adsorbed on the outer surface of the trace water container 2 and the water collection container was fully desorbed at 110°C. After cooling to room temperature, the trace water container 2 and the water collection container were weighed and recorded. The transport time was about 9 hours.

[0075] The mass of the trace water container 2 before adding water was 270.5119 g, and the mass after adding water was 271.5449 g. Therefore, the mass of the added water in the trace water container 2 was 1.0330 g. After the long-range vacuum transport, the mass of the trace water container 2 was 270.5103 g, and the mass of the transported water was 1.0346 g. During the dehydration of the trace water container 2, no dry gas was used for purging, and the dehydration of the water in the trace water container 2 was not fully sufficient. Therefore, the transported water mass was slightly larger than the added water mass.

[0076] The mass of the water collection container before transport was 274.0714 g, and the mass after transport was 275.0593 g. Therefore, the mass of the received water after the long-range vacuum transport was 0.9879 g. Based on this, the long-range vacuum transport and collection efficiency was calculated to be 95.5%.

[0077] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for long-distance transmission and collection of trace water, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Connect one end of a long-distance pipe (1) to a trace water container (2), and the other end to a water collecting unit (3), and connect the water collecting unit (3) to a vacuum pump (4); the trace water container (2) contains 0.1 to 90 grams of water; the water collecting unit (3) is used to collect trace water; a first valve (5) is provided on one end of the long-distance pipe (1) close to the trace water container (2), and a second valve (6) is provided on the pipe between the water collecting unit (3) and the vacuum pump (4); the first valve (5) is connected to a remote controller; Step 2: closing the first valve (5) through the remote controller to block the communication between the long-distance pipeline (1) and the trace water container (2), fully desorbing the water in the long-distance pipeline (1) and the water collecting unit (3), and bringing the water to a room temperature state after the desorption is completed; Step 3: Open the first valve (5) through the remote controller to connect the long-distance pipeline (1) and the trace water container (2), open the second valve (6), and turn on the vacuum pump (4) to start vacuuming. The trace water in the trace water container (2) is transmitted to the water collecting unit (3), and the water collecting unit (3) absorbs the trace water. When the air pressure in the water collecting unit (3) is lower than the preset pressure, close the second valve (6), and then turn off the vacuum pump (4). The water collecting unit (3) continues to absorb the trace water, so that the air pressure in the water collecting unit (3) is continuously lower than the air pressure in the trace water container (2). The remaining trace water continues to be transmitted to the water collecting unit (3) under the action of the air pressure and is absorbed by the water collecting unit (3) until the long-distance transmission and collection of the trace water are completed.

2. The method for long-range transmission and collection of trace water according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the water collecting unit (3) includes a water collecting column and a desiccant located in the water collecting column; the desiccant is used to absorb trace water; the water collecting column is connected to a vacuum pump (4); Step 2 specifically includes blocking the communication between the long-distance pipeline (1) and the trace water container (2), fully desorbing the water in the long-distance pipeline (1), the water collecting column and the desiccant, and bringing the water to a room temperature state after the desorption is completed; Step 3 specifically comprises connecting the long-distance pipeline (1) and the trace water container (2), turning on the vacuum pump (4) to start vacuuming, and the trace water in the trace water container (2) is transferred to the water receiving column, and the desiccant absorbs the trace water. When the air pressure in the water receiving column is lower than the preset pressure, the vacuum pump (4) is turned off, and the desiccant continues to absorb the trace water, so that the air pressure in the water receiving column is continuously lower than the air pressure in the trace water container (2). The remaining trace water continues to be transferred to the water receiving column under the action of the air pressure and is absorbed by the desiccant until the long-distance transfer and collection of the trace water is completed.

3. The method for long-range transmission and collection of trace water according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1, the desiccant is one or a mixture of silica gel, molecular sieve, activated alumina, activated carbon, anhydrous calcium chloride, anhydrous calcium sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and anhydrous copper sulfate.

4. The method for long-range transmission and collection of trace water according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the water collecting unit (3) includes a cold trap and a water collecting container arranged in the cold trap; the water collecting container is connected to the long-distance pipeline (1) and the vacuum pump (4) respectively; the cold trap cools the water collecting container to -50°C to -200°C by electric refrigeration, semiconductor refrigeration, liquid nitrogen refrigeration, liquid helium refrigeration and / or dry ice refrigeration, thereby achieving frozen collection of trace water in the water collecting container; Step 2 specifically includes: blocking the connection between the long-distance pipeline (1) and the trace water container (2), fully desorbing the water in the long-distance pipeline (1) and the water collection container, and making the water in the long-distance pipeline (1) and the water collection container at room temperature after the desorption is completed; then, cooling the water collection container by a cold trap, so that the temperature in the water collection container reaches a preset temperature; Step 3 is specifically as follows: connecting the long-distance pipeline (1) and the trace water container (2), turning on the vacuum pump (4) to start vacuuming, and the trace water in the trace water container (2) is transferred to the water receiving container and frozen in the water receiving container. When the air pressure in the water receiving container is lower than the preset pressure, the vacuum pump (4) is turned off, and the trace water continues to freeze in the water receiving container, so that the air pressure in the water receiving container is continuously lower than the air pressure in the trace water container (2). The remaining trace water continues to be transferred to the water receiving container under the action of the air pressure and is frozen until the long-distance transmission and collection of the trace water are completed.

5. The method for long-distance transmission and collection of trace water according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Step 1 further includes: arranging a humidity sensor (7) on the long-distance pipeline (1); the humidity sensor (7) is arranged close to the water collecting unit (3); In step 2, when the detection result of the humidity sensor (7) is dry, the long-distance pipeline (1) and the water collecting unit (3) have been fully desorbed; In step 3, when the detection result of the humidity sensor (7) is dry, the long-distance transmission and collection of trace water is completed.

6. The method for long-range transmission and collection of trace water according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 3, the preset pressure is 100 Pa.

7. A device for long-range transport and collection of trace water, for implementing the method for long-range transport and collection of trace water according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It comprises a trace water container (2), a long-distance pipeline (1), a water collecting unit (3) and a vacuum pump (4); The trace water container (2) is a sealed container; the trace water container (2) contains 0.1 to 90 grams of water; One end of the long-distance pipeline (1) is connected to the trace water container (2), and the other end is connected to the water collecting unit (3); The vacuum pump (4) is connected to the water collecting unit (3), and the vacuum pump (4) is used for vacuuming; A first valve (5) is provided on one end of the long-distance pipeline (1) close to the trace water container (2), and a second valve (6) is provided on the pipeline between the water collecting unit (3) and the vacuum pump (4); the first valve (5) is connected to a remote controller.

8. The device for long-range transmission and collection of trace water according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water collecting unit (3) comprises a water collecting column and a desiccant; The water collecting column is respectively connected to the long-distance pipeline and the vacuum pump (4); The desiccant is located in the water collecting column and is used to absorb trace amounts of water.

9. The device for long-range transmission and collection of trace water according to claim 8, characterized in that: The desiccant is one or a mixture of silica gel, molecular sieve, activated alumina, activated carbon, anhydrous calcium chloride, anhydrous calcium sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and anhydrous copper sulfate.

10. The device for long-range transmission and collection of trace water according to claim 9, characterized in that: The water collecting unit (3) comprises a cold trap and a water collecting container arranged in the cold trap; The water collecting container is connected to the long-distance pipeline (1) and the vacuum pump (4) respectively; The cold trap is used to cool the water collection container to -50°C to -200°C by electric refrigeration, semiconductor refrigeration, liquid nitrogen refrigeration, liquid helium refrigeration and / or dry ice refrigeration, so as to achieve frozen collection of trace water in the water collection container.

11. The device for long-range transmission and collection of trace water according to claim 10, characterized in that: Also included is a humidity sensor (7); The humidity sensor (7) is installed on the long-distance pipeline (1) and is arranged close to the water collecting unit (3) for detecting the humidity in the long-distance pipeline (1).

12. The device for long-range transmission and collection of trace water according to claim 11, characterized in that: Also included is a pressure sensor (8); The pressure sensor (8) is installed on the pipeline between the water collecting unit (3) and the vacuum pump (4), and is arranged close to the water collecting unit (3), and is used to detect the gas pressure in the water collecting unit (3); The pressure sensor (8) is a mechanical pressure gauge, an electronic pressure gauge or a vacuum gauge.

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