An adsorption carbon capture system based on a heating heat pump and its operation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an adsorption carbon capture system based on a heating heat pump and its operation method, belonging to the fields of adsorption carbon capture and waste heat utilization. The system includes an adsorption module, a heat pump unit, and a cooling unit. The heat pump unit recovers waste heat from high-temperature flue gas from power generation systems such as coal-fired power plants, generates high-temperature steam and is used for subsequent applications. The adsorption module includes at least four, and its internal operation mainly includes four steps: adsorption, heating, vacuum, and cooling. By switching valves, the operation state of the adsorption carbon capture unit and the heat supply direction of the heat pump system are switched. The present invention effectively utilizes flue gas waste heat and uses a heating heat pump to improve the energy quality, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the adsorption carbon capture unit and reducing the impact of the reduction in the power generation system efficiency caused by the transformation of the adsorption carbon capture device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the fields of adsorption carbon capture and waste heat utilization, and particularly relates to an adsorption carbon capture system based on a temperature-rising heat pump and an operation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Post-combustion capture technology is currently the most mature and widely used carbon capture technology, and it is easier to retrofit existing coal-fired power plants. Due to the high energy consumption in the regeneration process of traditional amine solution absorption carbon capture systems and the problems of oxidative degradation and thermal degradation of absorbents, while solid adsorption technology has the characteristics of low energy consumption, weak corrosiveness, and easy regeneration, it thus has great development potential.

[0003] To further reduce the energy consumption of carbon capture systems, researchers have proposed various solutions in aspects such as the optimization of adsorption materials and the design of process flows: in terms of materials, for example, using less water / anhydrous absorbents, loading amines on adsorption materials, etc.; in terms of process flows, for example, using organic working fluid purging, etc. Approximately 15%-50% of the waste heat in the industrial field is dissipated into the environment in the form of waste heat. If this part of the heat can be upgraded in energy quality and applied to carbon capture systems, it will have certain application potential and economic benefits. The existing technology combines a heat pump system with an absorption carbon capture system, which has certain limitations and does not consider an adsorption carbon capture system with lower energy consumption. Therefore, the application of heat pump systems in the field of carbon capture, especially in adsorption carbon capture technology, urgently needs further exploration and development. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the defect of high energy consumption in existing adsorption carbon capture systems and to provide an adsorption carbon capture system based on a temperature-rising heat pump and an operation method thereof.

[0005] The specific technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an adsorption carbon capture system based on a temperature-rising heat pump, including an adsorption module, a heat pump unit, and a cooling unit;

[0007] The heat pump unit includes a generator, a condenser, an evaporator, and an absorber that jointly form an internal circulation path; the generator is connected to the condenser, the condenser is connected to the evaporator through a working fluid pump, the evaporator is connected to the absorber, the absorber is sequentially connected to the generator through a solution heat exchanger and a pipeline provided with a throttle valve, and the generator is sequentially connected to the absorber through a solution pump and a solution heat exchanger;

[0008] The intake pipeline with an intake main valve is sequentially connected to the bottom of the adsorption module through a generator and an evaporator, and then through a sub-pipeline with an intake valve; the top of the adsorption module is connected to the outlet pipeline with an outlet main valve through a sub-pipeline with an outlet valve, and the bottom is connected to the product gas pipeline with a product gas main valve and a vacuum pump through a sub-pipeline with a product gas valve;

[0009] The interior of the adsorption module is filled with an adsorption material for adsorbing carbon dioxide, and a heat exchanger is provided inside; a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve are respectively provided at the bottom inlet and the top outlet of the heat exchanger; the two inlets of the first three-way valve are respectively connected to a first high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline and a first low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline, and the outlet is connected to the bottom of the heat exchanger; the two outlets of the second three-way valve are respectively connected to a second high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline and a second low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline, and the inlet is connected to the top of the heat exchanger; the second high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline is connected to the first high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline after heat exchange in an absorber to form a high-temperature heat transfer medium loop; the second low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline is connected to the first low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline after heat exchange in a cooling unit to form a low-temperature heat transfer medium loop.

[0010] Preferably, the cooling unit is a cold tank.

[0011] Preferably, there are 4n adsorption modules, where n ∈ N + 。

[0012] Preferably, the adsorption material is a solid adsorption material, which can be zeolite, activated carbon, metal-organic framework or supported amine, etc.

[0013] Preferably, the heat exchanger provided in the adsorption module is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

[0014] Preferably, the working fluid in the internal circulation path of the heat pump unit is a lithium bromide-water working fluid pair.

[0015] Preferably, the heat transfer media in the first high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline, the first low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline, the second high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline and the second low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline are the same kind of high-temperature resistant heat transfer media.

[0016] Furthermore, the high-temperature resistant heat transfer medium is dimethyl silicone oil or phenylmethyl silicone oil, etc.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an operation method of the adsorption carbon capture system based on a heating-type heat pump according to any one of the first aspect, specifically as follows:

[0018] During the operation of the system, the intake main valve, the outlet main valve and the product gas main valve are always kept open.

[0019] Adsorption step: Open the intake valve and the outlet valve, and close the product gas valve; The high-temperature flue gas enters the generator and the evaporator in sequence through the intake pipeline for heat exchange, driving the operation of the heat pump unit; The low-temperature flue gas obtained after cooling enters the bottom of the adsorption module through the sub-pipeline equipped with the intake valve, and the carbon dioxide in the flue gas is absorbed and enriched by the adsorption material inside the adsorption module. Then the flue gas is discharged through the sub-pipeline equipped with the outlet valve and the outlet pipeline equipped with the outlet main valve in sequence;

[0020] Heating step: Open the product gas valve, and close the intake valve and the outlet valve; The high-temperature heat exchange medium after heat exchange in the adsorption module enters the second high-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline through the second three-way valve. The second high-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline sends it to the absorber for heat exchange, and the heated high-temperature heat exchange medium re-enters the adsorption module through the first high-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline and the first three-way valve; The adsorption material filled inside the adsorption module absorbs heat and releases carbon dioxide, and the product gas enriched with carbon dioxide is discharged through the sub-pipeline equipped with the product gas valve and the outlet pipeline equipped with the product gas main valve in sequence;

[0021] Vacuum step: Open the product gas valve, and close the intake valve and the outlet valve; Under the action of the vacuum pump, the internal pressure of the adsorption module decreases, promoting the adsorption material to release carbon dioxide, thereby increasing the concentration and yield of carbon dioxide in the product gas;

[0022] Cooling step: Close the intake valve, the outlet valve and the product gas valve; The low-temperature heat exchange medium cooled by the cooling unit enters the adsorption module through the first low-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline and the first three-way valve. The sensible heat of the adsorption material filled in the adsorption module is absorbed by the low-temperature heat exchange medium and the temperature decreases. The low-temperature heat exchange medium with increased temperature re-enters the cooling unit for cooling through the second three-way valve and the second high-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline in sequence.

[0023] Preferably, every four of the said adsorption modules form a group, and the adsorption modules in each group are in different reaction steps to ensure the continuous operation of the adsorption carbon capture system based on the heating-type heat pump.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The present invention introduces the heat in high-temperature flue gas into the heat pump unit as the heat source input, and outputs high-temperature heat for the heating process of the adsorption carbon capture system, which can reduce the extraction steam volume of the intermediate and low-pressure cylinders of the steam turbine with relatively high grade in a coal-fired power plant, thereby reducing the impact on the net power generation efficiency of the coal-fired power plant caused by the carbon capture system. Reducing the temperature of the flue gas can not only promote the adsorption process, but also provide low-temperature waste heat for the heat pump. The improvement of the energy grade through the heat pump technology improves the energy utilization efficiency of the composite system. At the same time, the operation strategy of the heat pump-assisted adsorption carbon capture system can realize the continuous adsorption and desorption processes of the system under sufficient flue gas volume, realize the coupled operation of the adsorption carbon capture unit and the heat pump unit, and thus improve the system productivity. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an adsorption carbon capture system based on a temperature-rising heat pump according to the present invention.

[0027] In the figure:

[0028] 101 - Carbon capture unit; 1, 2, 3, 4 - Adsorption modules; 5, 6, 7, 8 - First three-way valves; 9, 10, 11, 12 - Second three-way valves; 13, 15, 17, 19 - Inlet valves; 14, 16, 18, 20 - Product gas valves; 21, 22, 23, 24 - Outlet valves; 25 - Inlet pipeline; 26 - Inlet main valve; 27 - Product gas pipeline; 28 - Product gas main valve; 29 - Outlet pipeline; 30 - Outlet main valve; 31 - Vacuum pump; 411 - First high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline; 412 - Second high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline; 421 - First low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline; 422 - Second low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline.

[0029] 102 - Heat pump unit: 32 - Condenser; 33 - Evaporator; 34 - Absorber; 35 - Solution heat exchanger; 36 - Generator; 37 - Working fluid pump; 38 - Solution pump; 39 - Throttle valve.

[0030] 103 - Cooling unit: 40 - Cooling tank. Detailed Embodiments

[0031] The present invention will be further described and explained below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. The technical features of each embodiment of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without conflict.

[0032] The present invention provides an adsorption carbon capture system based on a temperature-rising heat pump, which can be divided into three parts, namely a carbon capture unit 101, a heat pump unit 102, and a cooling unit 103. Among them, the carbon capture unit 101 is used for adsorbing and enriching carbon dioxide gas in flue gas, the heat pump unit 102 is used for cooling high-temperature flue gas and reheating the high-temperature heat transfer medium in the carbon capture unit 101, and the cooling unit 103 is used for rechilling the low-temperature heat transfer medium in the carbon capture unit 101.

[0033] The structures and connection modes of each unit will be specifically described below.

[0034] In the system of the present invention, the heat pump unit 102 mainly includes a generator 36, a condenser 32, an evaporator 33, and an absorber 34. The generator 36, the condenser 32, the evaporator 33, and the absorber 34 are connected in sequence and jointly form an internal circulation path. The specific connection mode is as follows: The generator 36 is communicated with the condenser 32, the condenser 32 is communicated with the evaporator 33 through a working fluid pump 37, the evaporator 33 is communicated with the absorber 34, the absorber 34 is sequentially communicated with the generator 36 through a solution heat exchanger 35 and a pipeline provided with a throttle valve 39, and the generator 36 is sequentially communicated with the absorber 34 through a solution pump 38 and a solution heat exchanger 35.

[0035] In this embodiment, the working fluid in the internal circulation path of the heat pump unit 102 is a lithium bromide-water working fluid pair.

[0036] In the system of the present invention, the carbon capture unit 101 includes a plurality of adsorption modules 1 with the same structure. The connection mode of one adsorption module 1 will be described below as an example:

[0037] The intake pipeline 25 provided with an intake main valve 26 is sequentially connected to the bottom of the adsorption module 1 through a generator 36 and an evaporator 33 and then through a sub-pipeline provided with an intake valve 13; the top of the adsorption module 1 is connected to an exhaust pipeline 29 provided with an exhaust main valve 30 through a sub-pipeline provided with an exhaust valve 21, and the bottom is connected to a product gas pipeline 27 provided with a product gas main valve 28 and a vacuum pump 31 through a sub-pipeline provided with a product gas valve 14; the adsorption module 1 is filled with an adsorption material for adsorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide, and a heat exchanger is arranged inside; a first three-way valve 5 and a second three-way valve 9 are respectively arranged at the bottom inlet and the top outlet of the heat exchanger; two inlets of the first three-way valve 5 are respectively connected to a first high-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline 411 and a first low-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline 421, and the outlet is connected to the bottom of the heat exchanger; two outlets of the second three-way valve 9 are respectively connected to a second high-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline 412 and a second low-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline 422, and the inlet is connected to the top of the heat exchanger; the second high-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline 412 is connected to the first high-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline 411 after heat exchange through an absorber 34 to form a high-temperature heat exchange medium loop; the second low-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline 422 is connected to the first low-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline 421 after heat exchange through a cooling unit 103 to form a low-temperature heat exchange medium loop.

[0038] In this embodiment, preferably 4n adsorption modules 1 are adopted, where n ∈ N + . This is because in the actual use process of the system of the present invention, there are a total of four reaction steps. By setting 4n adsorption modules 1, every four adsorption modules 1 are taken as a group, and the adsorption modules 1 in each group are in different reaction steps to ensure the continuous operation of the adsorption carbon capture system based on a temperature-rising heat pump.

[0039] Such as Figure 1As shown in the figure, it is a schematic diagram of the preferred structure of an adsorption carbon capture system based on a temperature-rising heat pump with four adsorption modules 1. Among them, the intake pipeline 25 provided with an intake main valve 26 is successively passed through a generator 36 and an evaporator 33, and then is respectively communicated with the bottoms of the adsorption modules 1, 2, 3, and 4 through sub-pipelines provided with intake valves 13, 15, 17, and 19; the tops of the adsorption modules 1, 2, 3, and 4 are respectively communicated with an outlet pipeline 29 provided with an outlet main valve 30 through sub-pipelines provided with outlet valves 21, 22, 23, and 24, and the bottoms are respectively communicated with a product gas pipeline 27 provided with a product gas main valve 28 and a vacuum pump 31 through sub-pipelines provided with product gas valves 14, 16, 18, and 20; the interiors of the adsorption modules 1, 2, 3, and 4 are all filled with an adsorption material for adsorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide, and heat exchangers are respectively arranged inside; at the bottom inlet and top outlet of the heat exchanger, first three-way valves 5, 6, 7, and 8 and second three-way valves 9, 10, 11, and 12 are respectively provided; two inlets of the first three-way valves 5, 6, 7, and 8 are respectively communicated with a first high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline 411 and a first low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline 421, and the outlet is communicated with the bottom of the heat exchanger; two outlets of the second three-way valves 9, 10, 11, and 12 are respectively communicated with a second high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline 412 and a second low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline 422, and the inlet is communicated with the top of the heat exchanger; the second high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline 412 is heat-exchanged through an absorber 34 and then communicated with the first high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline 411 to form a high-temperature heat transfer medium loop; the second low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline 422 is heat-exchanged through a cooling unit 103 and then communicated with the first low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline 421 to form a low-temperature heat transfer medium loop.

[0040] In practical applications, the adsorption material refers to a solid material with a gas adsorption phenomenon on its surface, including physical adsorption materials and chemical adsorption materials, such as physical adsorption materials like zeolite, activated carbon, metal-organic frameworks, and chemical adsorption materials like supported amines, and one can be selected according to requirements. The heat exchanger arranged in the adsorption module 1 is preferably a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, including jacketed type, shell-and-tube type, etc., and one can be selected according to the heat exchange method. The heat transfer media (including high-temperature heat transfer media and low-temperature heat transfer media) in the first high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline 411, the first low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline 421, the second high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline 412, and the second low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline 422 are the same high-temperature resistant heat transfer medium, and the high-temperature resistant heat transfer medium includes dimethyl silicone oil, benzyl silicone oil, etc., and one can be selected according to requirements.

[0041] In this embodiment, the cooling unit 103 mainly refers to a cold tank 40, and the connection method is that the cold tank is respectively connected to the heat exchanger in the adsorption structure through upper and lower three-way valves.

[0042] The operation method of the adsorption carbon capture system based on the temperature-rising heat pump of the present invention is as follows:

[0043] During the operation of the system, the intake main valve 26, the outlet main valve 30, and the product gas main valve 28 are always kept open.

[0044] Adsorption step: Open the intake main valve 26, the intake valve 13, the outlet valve 21, and the outlet main valve 30, and close the product gas valve 14. The high-temperature flue gas enters the generator 36 and the evaporator 33 in sequence through the intake pipeline 25 for heat exchange, driving the operation of the heat pump unit 102. The low-temperature flue gas obtained after temperature reduction enters the bottom of the adsorption module 1 through the sub-pipeline provided with the intake valve 13. The carbon dioxide in the flue gas is absorbed and enriched by the adsorption material inside the adsorption module 1. Then the flue gas is discharged through the sub-pipeline provided with the outlet valve 21 and the outlet pipeline 29 provided with the outlet main valve 30 in sequence.

[0045] Heating step: Open the product gas valve 14 and the product gas main valve 28, and close the intake valve 13 and the outlet valve 21. The high-temperature heat exchange medium after heat exchange in the adsorption module 1 enters the second high-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline 412 through the second three-way valve 9. The second high-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline 412 sends it to the absorber 34 for heat exchange. The heated high-temperature heat exchange medium re-enters the adsorption module 1 through the first high-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline 411 and the first three-way valve 5. The adsorption material filled inside the adsorption module 1 absorbs heat and releases carbon dioxide. The product gas enriched with carbon dioxide is discharged through the sub-pipeline provided with the product gas valve 14 and the outlet pipeline 27 provided with the product gas main valve 28 in sequence.

[0046] Vacuum step: Open the product gas valve 14 and the product gas main valve 28, and close the intake valve 13 and the outlet valve 21. Under the action of the vacuum pump 31, the internal pressure of the adsorption module 1 decreases, promoting the adsorption material to release carbon dioxide, thereby increasing the concentration and production rate of carbon dioxide in the product gas.

[0047] Cooling step: Close the intake valve 13, the outlet valve 21, and the product gas valve 14. The low-temperature heat exchange medium cooled by the cooling unit 103 enters the adsorption module 1 through the first low-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline 421 and the first three-way valve 5. The sensible heat of the adsorption material filled inside the adsorption module 1 is absorbed by the low-temperature heat exchange medium and the temperature decreases. The low-temperature heat exchange medium with increased temperature re-enters the cooling unit 103 for cooling through the second three-way valve 9 and the second high-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline 412 in sequence.

[0048] Specifically, taking Figure 1 the structure shown as an example, during actual use, the adsorption module 1 is in the adsorption step, the adsorption module 2 is in the cooling step, the adsorption module 3 is in the vacuum step, and the adsorption module 4 is in the heating step:

[0049] High-temperature flue gas enters the heat pump unit 102 through the intake main valve 26, transfers low-grade heat to the internal generator 36 and the evaporator 33, drives the operation of the heat pump unit 102, generates high-temperature heat in the absorber 34, and transfers high-grade heat to the high-temperature heat transfer medium; the cooled low-temperature flue gas enters the adsorption module 1, where carbon dioxide is adsorbed and enriched by the internal adsorption material, and the remaining flue gas is discharged from the adsorption module 1 through the outlet valve 21 and the outlet main valve 30. The low-temperature heat transfer medium generated in the internal cold tank 40 of the cooling unit 103 enters the internal heat exchanger of the adsorption module 1 through the first three-way valve 5, takes away the adsorption heat, and leaves the adsorption module 1 through the second three-way valve 9 and returns to the cold tank 40, thereby maintaining the internal temperature of the adsorption structure constant. At this time, the intake valve 13 and the outlet valve 21 of the adsorption module 1 are opened, and the product gas valve 14 is closed, and it is in the adsorption step.

[0050] The internal temperature of the adsorption module 2 after the vacuum step is relatively high, which is not conducive to the adsorption process. Therefore, the low-temperature heat transfer medium generated in the internal cold tank 40 of the cooling unit 103 enters the internal heat exchanger of the adsorption module 2 through the first three-way valve 6, takes away the sensible heat of the internal adsorption material and the module of the adsorption module 2, and leaves the adsorption module 2 through the second three-way valve 10 and returns to the cold tank 40. At this time, the intake valve 15, the product gas valve 16, and the outlet valve 22 of the adsorption module 2 are all closed, and it is in the cooling step.

[0051] The internal adsorption material of the adsorption module 3 after the heating step has not been completely desorbed. Therefore, a vacuum pump 31 is used to reduce the internal pressure of the adsorption module 3. At the same time, the high-temperature heat transfer medium continuously heats the adsorption module 3 to promote the release of carbon dioxide by the adsorption material, and the product gas is collected through the product gas valve 18 and the product gas main valve 28. At this time, the product gas valve 18 of the adsorption module 3 is opened, and the intake valve 17 and the outlet valve 23 are closed, and it is in the vacuum step.

[0052] The internal adsorption material of the adsorption module 4 after the adsorption step is enriched with a large amount of carbon dioxide, and heating means are used to desorb the carbon dioxide. The heat pump unit 102 absorbs the waste heat of the flue gas to generate a high-temperature heat transfer medium, which enters the adsorption module 4 through the first three-way valve 8, transfers high-temperature heat to the adsorption material and the adsorption module, and leaves the adsorption module 4 through the second three-way valve 12 and returns to the heat pump unit 102. The internal adsorption material of the adsorption module 4 absorbs heat and releases carbon dioxide, and the product gas is collected through the product gas valve 20 and the product gas main valve 28. At this time, the product gas valve 20 of the adsorption module 4 is opened, and the intake valve 19 and the outlet valve 24 are closed, and it is in the heating step.

[0053] Subsequently, the operating states of the adsorption structures change. Adsorption module 1 is in the heating step, adsorption module 2 is in the adsorption step, adsorption module 3 is in the cooling step, and adsorption module 4 is in the vacuum step. Subsequently, adsorption module 1 is in the vacuum step, adsorption module 2 is in the heating step, adsorption module 3 is in the adsorption step, and adsorption module 4 is in the cooling step. Subsequently, adsorption module 1 is in the cooling step, adsorption module 2 is in the vacuum step, adsorption module 3 is in the heating step, and adsorption module 4 is in the adsorption step. That is to say, the adsorption structures inside the carbon capture unit cycle and switch their operations, thereby ensuring the continuous operation of the temperature-rising heat pump-assisted adsorption carbon capture system.

[0054] Generally speaking, the heat pump unit of the present invention recovers the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas from power generation systems such as coal-fired power plants, generates high-temperature steam and is used for subsequent applications. The internal operation of the carbon capture unit mainly includes four steps: adsorption, heating, vacuum, and cooling. In the adsorption step, the carbon capture unit receives the low-temperature flue gas from the heat pump unit and enriches carbon dioxide. In the heating step, the high-temperature medium from the heat pump unit heats the adsorption structures inside the carbon capture unit, and carbon dioxide is collected after passing through the product gas valve. In the vacuum step, the vacuum pump reduces the internal pressure of the adsorption structure to promote the regeneration of the adsorption material. In the cooling step, the low-temperature medium from the cold tank cools the adsorption structure. By switching the valves, the operation state of the adsorption carbon capture unit and the heat supply direction of the heat pump system are switched. The present invention effectively utilizes the waste heat of the flue gas and uses a temperature-rising heat pump to improve the energy quality, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the adsorption carbon capture unit and reducing the impact of the reduction in the power generation system efficiency caused by the transformation of the adsorption carbon capture device.

[0055] The embodiments described above are only a preferred solution of the present invention, but they are not intended to limit the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the relevant technical field can still make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all technical solutions obtained by adopting equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation methods fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adsorption carbon capture system based on a temperature-rising heat pump, characterized in that, It includes an adsorption module (1), a heat pump unit (102) and a cooling unit (103); The heat pump unit (102) includes a generator (36), a condenser (32), an evaporator (33) and an absorber (34) that jointly form an internal circulation path; the generator (36) is communicated with the condenser (32), the condenser (32) is communicated with the evaporator (33) through a working medium pump (37), the evaporator (33) is communicated with the absorber (34), the absorber (34) is sequentially communicated with the generator (36) through a solution heat exchanger (35) and a pipeline provided with a throttle valve (39), and the generator (36) is sequentially communicated with the absorber (34) through a solution pump (38) and the solution heat exchanger (35); The intake pipeline (25) provided with an intake main valve (26) passes through the generator (36) and the evaporator (33) in sequence, and then is communicated with the bottom of the adsorption module (1) through a sub-pipeline provided with an intake valve (13); the top of the adsorption module (1) is communicated with the exhaust pipeline (29) provided with an exhaust main valve (30) through a sub-pipeline provided with an exhaust valve (21), and the bottom is communicated with the product gas pipeline (27) provided with a product gas main valve (28) and a vacuum pump (31) through a sub-pipeline provided with a product gas valve (14); The adsorption module (1) is internally filled with an adsorption material for adsorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide, and a heat exchanger is arranged inside; a first three-way valve (5) and a second three-way valve (9) are respectively arranged at the bottom inlet and the top outlet of the heat exchanger; the two inlets of the first three-way valve (5) are respectively communicated with a first high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline (411) and a first low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline (421), and the outlet is communicated with the bottom of the heat exchanger; the two outlets of the second three-way valve (9) are respectively communicated with a second high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline (412) and a second low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline (422), and the inlet is communicated with the top of the heat exchanger; the second high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline (412) is communicated with the first high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline (411) after heat exchange through the absorber (34) to form a high-temperature heat transfer medium loop; the second low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline (422) is communicated with the first low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline (421) after heat exchange through the cooling unit (103) to form a low-temperature heat transfer medium loop.

2. The adsorption carbon capture system based on a heating-type heat pump according to claim 1, wherein The cooling unit (103) is a cold tank (40).

3. The adsorption carbon capture system based on a heating-type heat pump according to claim 1, wherein There are a total of 4n adsorption modules (1), where n ∈ N + .

4. A carbon adsorption capture system based on a heating heat pump according to claim 1, wherein The adsorption material is a solid adsorption material, which is one of zeolite, activated carbon, metal-organic framework, and supported amine.

5. A carbon adsorption capture system based on a heating heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchanger arranged in the adsorption module (1) is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger.

6. The adsorption carbon capture system based on a heating-type heat pump according to claim 1, wherein, The working medium in the internal circulation path of the heat pump unit (102) is a lithium bromide-water working medium pair.

7. A carbon adsorption capture system based on a heat-up type heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that The heat transfer media in the first high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline (411), the first low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline (421), the second high-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline (412) and the second low-temperature heat transfer medium pipeline (422) are the same kind of high-temperature-resistant heat transfer media.

8. An adsorption carbon capture system based on a heating-type heat pump according to claim 7, characterized in that, The high-temperature-resistant heat transfer medium is dimethyl silicone oil or benzyl silicone oil.

9. An operating method of an adsorption carbon capture system based on a heating-type heat pump according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Specifically as follows: During the operation of the system, the intake main valve (26), the exhaust main valve (30) and the product gas main valve (28) are always kept open; Adsorption step: Open the intake valve (13) and the outlet valve (21), and close the product gas valve (14); The high-temperature flue gas enters the generator (36) and the evaporator (33) in sequence through the intake pipeline (25) for heat exchange, driving the operation of the heat pump unit (102); The low-temperature flue gas obtained after temperature reduction enters the bottom of the adsorption module (1) through a sub-pipeline with the intake valve (13), and carbon dioxide in the flue gas is absorbed and enriched by the adsorption material inside the adsorption module (1). Then the flue gas is discharged through the sub-pipeline with the outlet valve (21) and the outlet pipeline (29) with the outlet main valve (30) in sequence; Heating step: Open the product gas valve (14), and close the intake valve (13) and the outlet valve (21); The high-temperature heat exchange medium after heat exchange in the adsorption module (1) enters the second high-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline (412) through the second three-way valve (9). The second high-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline (412) sends it to the absorber (34) for heat exchange. The heated high-temperature heat exchange medium re-enters the adsorption module (1) through the first high-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline (411) and the first three-way valve (5); The adsorption material filled inside the adsorption module (1) absorbs heat and releases carbon dioxide. The product gas enriched with carbon dioxide is discharged through the sub-pipeline with the product gas valve (14) and the product gas pipeline (27) with the product gas main valve (28) in sequence; Vacuum step: Open the product gas valve (14), and close the intake valve (13) and the outlet valve (21); Under the action of the vacuum pump (31), the internal pressure of the adsorption module (1) decreases, promoting the adsorption material to release carbon dioxide, thereby increasing the concentration and yield of carbon dioxide in the product gas; Cooling step: Close the intake valve (13), the outlet valve (21) and the product gas valve (14); The low-temperature heat exchange medium cooled by the cooling unit (103) enters the adsorption module (1) through the first low-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline (421) and the first three-way valve (5). The sensible heat of the adsorption material filled in the adsorption module (1) is absorbed by the low-temperature heat exchange medium and the temperature decreases. The low-temperature heat exchange medium with increased temperature re-enters the cooling unit (103) for cooling through the second three-way valve (9) and the second low-temperature heat exchange medium pipeline (422) in sequence.

10. The operating method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Every four of the said adsorption modules (1) form a group, and the adsorption modules (1) in each group are in different reaction steps to ensure the continuous operation of the adsorption carbon capture system based on the heating-type heat pump.

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